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The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key mediator of the innate immune response to sterile tissue injury and is involved in many chronic and acute diseases. Physically and chemically diverse agents activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Here, we show that NLRP3 binds non-oxidized and Ox-mtDNA differentially, with a half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) for non-oxidized and Ox-mtDNA of 4 nM and 247.2 nM, respectively. The NLRP3 Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMIDFCAS) gain of function mutant could bind non-oxidized mtDNA but had higher affinity for Ox-mtDNA compared to WT with an IC50 of 8.1 nM. NLRP3 lacking the pyrin domain can bind both oxidized and non-oxidized mtDNA. Isolated pyrin domain prefers Ox-mtDNA. The NLRP3 pyrin domain shares a protein fold with DNA glycosylases and generate a model for DNA binding based on the structure and sequence alignment to Clostridium acetobutylicum and human OGG1, an inhibitor of Ox-mtDNA generation, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylases. We provide a new model for how NLRP3 interacts with Ox-mtDNA supported by DNA binding in the presence of a monoclonal antibody against the pyrin domain. These results give new insights into the mechanism of inflammasome assembly, and into the function of reactive oxygen species in establishing a robust immune response.

Extensive uncertainty can affect the efficiency and fairness of consensus in the consensus reaching process (CRP), but few scholars have studied consensus modeling that focuses on fairness and efficiency in uncertain environments. Additionally, the weight of the decision maker (DM) in the CRP is influenced by multiple factors. Therefore, this paper proposes robust consensus models (EFCMs) focusing on fairness and efficiency under uncertain costs to address these issues. Firstly, this paper constructs multiple uncertainty sets to describe the uncertainty of the unit adjustment cost. Secondly, the fair utility level and opinion adjustment distance are used to measure the fairness and efficiency of reaching consensus, respectively. Furthermore, this paper uses a data-driven method based on the KDE method combined with trust propagation in social networks to determine the DMs' weights jointly. Finally, this paper also applies the proposed models to the carbon emission reduction negotiation process between the government and enterprises. The experimental results and sensitivity analysis show that the consensus cost budget and the DMs' jealous preference behavior particularly affects the efficiency of reaching consensus, which provides a theoretical basis for solving practical decision making problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Тo investigate the eÑ€idemio1ogiÑa1 features and serologial danges in sÑ€oradiÑ ate heÑ€atitis B ( AHB ) among a-dults. Methods A total of 202 adult Ñ€atients with AHB were selerted as subjerts. Xhe eÑ€idemio1ogiÑa1 data of Ñ€atients were dlrted, and follow - uÑ€ was regularly реÐÑ, for 48 weeks to monitor alanine aminotransferase ( Am ), total bilirubin ( ТBi1 ), heÑ€atitis B virus ( HBy) DNA, and sero1ogiÑa1 markers of HBy ( HBy - Ms) . Categorial data were analyzed by nonÑ€arametriÑ rank sum test; ÑomÑ€arison of Ñontinuous data between grouÑ€s was made by indeÑ€endent - sangles t test; Ñorre1ation analysis was Ñ€eÑ,ormed by Pearson test. Results A-mong AHB Ñ€atients, there were more males than females; the mean age was 42. 99 ±7. 31 years. Of all Ñases, 29. 20% deve1oÑ€ed the dis-ease by miro blood transmission, 17.33% by heterosexual transmission, and 48. 02% by unknown route of transmission. Only 49. 01% of the Ñ€atints were Ñ€ositive for HBy DNA when visiting the hosÑ€ita/ Т1Ы HBy DNA - Ñ€ositive grouÑ€ had a serum AM level of 1973. 2 ± 445. 3 U/L, and the HBy DNA - negative grouÑ€ had a serum Am level of 1500. 3 ±287. 7 U/L, without signifiant diferene between the two grouÑ€s ( t = 1. 852, P >0.05 ). Т HBy DNA - Ñ€ositive grouÑ€ had a serum TOl level of 118. 40 ± 37. 33 iimolL, and the HBy DNA - negative grouÑ€ had a serum ТBi1 level of 81. 06 ± 23. 24 imolL, with signifiant diferene between the two grouÑ€s ( t = 2. 765, P < 0. 01 ) . Eight Ñ€atterns of HBy - Ms were found in the Ñ€atients who first visited the hosÑ€ita1; in the most frequent Ñ€attern, whih was seen in 39. 11% of Ñ€atients, HBsAg, HBeAg, anti - HBÑ, and anti - HBÑ IgM were deterted, and in the se«)nd most frequent Ñ€attern, whih was seen in 29. 27% of Ñ€atients, HBsAg, anti - HBe, anti - HBÑ, and anti - HBÑ IgM were deterted. Xhe monitoring of HBy - Ms in 99 AHB Ñ€atients who had ÑomÑ€1ete data showed that the negative Ñonversion rate of HBsAg was 97. 98%, and the average negative Ñonversion time was 2. 5 weeks; the Ñumu1ative Ñ€ositive Ñonversion rate of anti - HBs was 83. 84% ; the negative Ñonversion rate of HBeAg among HBeAg -Ñ€ositive Ñ€atients was 100%, and all showed negative Ñonversion within 4 weeks of onset; the Ñ€ositive Ñonversion rate of anti - HBe was 80. 81% in the 48 - week follow - up ; serum anti - HBc remained detectable. In the acute phase, the 202 patients had HBsAg levels below 200 ng/ ml, and the HBsAg level was inversely proportional to the negative conversion time of HBsAg. Conclusion Micro blood transmission and sexual transmission have become the main routes of transmission for sporadic AHB among adults. Rapid HBV DNA clearance and rapid sero-conversion of HBsAg and HBeAg are the characteristics of sporadic AHB among adults. The HBsAg level in acute phase is helpful for deter-mining the outcome of AHB. In this study, 2 cases were finally converted into chronic HBV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report herein the template-directed synthesis, characterization, and electric properties of single-walled carbon nanotube- (SWNT-) based coaxial nanowires, that is, core (SWNT)-shell (conducting polypyrrole and polyaniline) nanowires. The SWNTs were first dispersed in aqueous solutions containing cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or nonionic surfactant poly(ethylene glycol) mono-p-nonyl phenyl ether (O pi-10). Each individual nanotube (or small bundle) was then encased in its own micellelike envelope with hydrophobic surfactant groups orientated toward the nanotube and hydrophilic groups orientated toward the solution. And thus a hydrophobic region within the micelle/SWNT (called a micelle/SWNT hybrid template) was formed. Insertion and growth of pyrrole or aniline monomers in this hybrid template, upon removal of the surfactant, produce coaxial structures with a SWNT center and conducting polypyrrole or polyaniline coating. Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy were used to characterize the composition and the structures of these coaxial nanowires. The results revealed that the micellar molecules used could affect the surface morphologies of the resulting coaxial nanowires but not the molecular structures of the corresponding conducting polymers. Electric properties testing indicated that the SWNTs played the key roles in the conducting polymer/SWNT composites during electron transfer in the temperature range 77 K to room temperature. Compared with the SWNT network embedded in the conducting polymers, the composites within which SWNTs were coated perfectly by the identical conducting polymers exhibited higher barrier heights during electron transfer.