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Polybenzoxazine (PBZ) has emerged as a cutting-edge high-performance thermosetting resin, boasting a broad spectrum of applications in electrical insulation, friction materials, and aerospace industries due to its outstanding features such as exceptional thermal stability, mechanical properties, flexible molecular designability, and high char yield, among others. While existing reviews on benzoxazines cover various aspects of benzoxazine research, including synthesis methodologies, accelerated curing process, low-temperature polymerization, intramolecular hydrogen bonding, green flame retardants, low dielectrics, toughening, and others, there remains a noticeable gap in the systematic review of coatings – an essential application area for benzoxazines. This review strategically fills this gap by focusing on the functionalization of benzoxazines with composite coatings, exploring vital domains such as superhydrophobicity, anti-corrosion, anti-fouling, antibacterial, water–oil separation, and self-cleaning mechanisms. Delving into the intricacies of molecular design, synthesis, and modification, we provide comprehensive insights into the development of PBZs tailored for specific functionalized applications. Our review not only enhances the understanding of the multifaceted realm of functional PBZs but also offers practical guidance for designing benzoxazines with desired structures and properties. This, in turn, paves the way for their potential utilization in advanced applications, marking a significant step forward in the field of coating technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenolic acids and their analogues in nature exist in many diseases of oxidative stress with beneficial effects on human health (such as cancer). Phenolic acids possess a variety of pharmacological activities, with anti-inflammatory, anticancer and cytotoxic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, insecticidal and other biological activities. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that because phenolic acids have antioxidant capacity, they can reflect their strong anticancer potential by regulating cell growth and metastasis and promoting cancer cell death. Studies have shown that the consumption of natural polyphenols can significantly reduce the risk of cancer metastasis. A combination of phenolic acids with traditional chemoradiation or other polyphenols may be effective in reducing cancer spread.Ferulic acid is ubiquitous, and widely found in plants, such as angelica, chuanxiong, cohote, three, edge, reed root, tomato, sweet corn, and rice are produced by the metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine. It is the most abundant hydroxyl cassia bark-acid acid in the plant kingdom, with anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer and antioxidant activity, and polyphenols composed of hydroxyl cassia bark-acid derivatives, flavone-3-alcohol and flavonol retain non-cancer-cells-and-significantly-inhibit glioblastoma viability in a dose-dependent manner, which deserves further investigation as potential anticancer drugs. This paper summarizes the role of ferulic acid in the PI3K / AKT pathway and its mechanism in glioblastoma resistance.

The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem where various cellular and molecular interactions shape the course of cancer progression. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) plays a pivotal role in this context. This study delves into the biological properties and functions of M-CSF in regulating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and its role in modulating host immune responses. Through the specific binding to its receptor colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R), M-CSF orchestrates a cascade of downstream signaling pathways to modulate macrophage activation, polarization, and proliferation. Furthermore, M-CSF extends its influence to other immune cell populations, including dendritic cells. Notably, the heightened expression of M-CSF within the tumor microenvironment is often associated with dismal patient prognoses. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation into the roles of M-CSF in tumor growth advances our comprehension of tumor development mechanisms and unveils promising novel strategies and approaches for cancer treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yi, Gai, Chen, Tian, Liu, Liang, Xu, Peng and Luo.)