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BackgroundObese and overweight individuals have greater illness and disease burden, but previous findings from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) suggest that they are no more likely to use complementary health approaches (CHA) than those of normal weight. The current study investigates the relationship between weight status and CHA use, and among CHA users, examines differences in reasons for use by weight status. We propose and test a Dual Continuum Model of Motivations for Use of CHA to examine differences in reasons for use by weight status.MethodParticipants were drawn from the 2012 NHIS, a nationally representative sample of civilian, non-institutionalized US adults (N = 34,525). Weight status was operationalized by body mass index. CHA use was measured in the past year and was categorized into alternative providers, products, and practices. Among CHA users (N = 9307) factors associated with use were categorized as health enhancing or health reactive.ResultsLogistic regression showed overweight and obese individuals were less likely to use alternative providers, products, and practices than normal weight. Multinomial logit regression showed some support that overweight and obese adults were less likely than normal weight persons to use CHA for health-enhancing reasons, and more likely to use for health reactive reasons.ConclusionsDespite greater health burden, overweight and obese adults are underutilizing CHA, including modalities that can be helpful for health management. The Dual Continuum Model of CHA Motivations shows promise for explicating the diversity of reasons for CHA use among adults at risk for health problems.

To explore the performance of targeted biopsy (TB) in combination with systematic biopsy (SB) in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in biopsy naïve patients. From May 2018 to January 2020, 230 biopsy-naïve men with suspicious bi-parametric MRI [bpMRI; Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score ≥3] were enrolled. All patients had prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of 20 ng/ml or less. For each patient, transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy was performed. The primary endpoint was the detection rate of CSPC [clinically-significant PCa, International Society of Urological Pathology grade group (ISUP GG) 2 or higher tumors]. The secondary endpoints were the detection rates of CIPC (clinically insignificant PCa, ISUP GG 1 tumors). CSPC was detected in 90 patients. Twelve (13.33%) of them were detected by TB only and 18 (20.00%) by SB only. Detection of CSPC by SB and TB did not differ significantly (p =.36). In 4.35% of 230 patients, CSPC would have been missed if we performed SB only, and in 6.09% of patients if we performed TB only. Moreover, combination of TB and SB did not increase the detection of CIPC. No significant difference was found in the detection of CSPC between TB and SB; however, both techniques revealed substantial added value and combination of TB and SB could further improve this detection rate without increasing the detection of CIPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Materials and methods Results Conclusions To comprehensively review and critically assess the literature on microbiota differences between patients with interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and normal controls and to provide clinical practice guidelines.In this systematic review, we evaluated previous research on microbiota disparities between IC/BPS and normal controls, as well as distinctions among IC/BPS subgroups. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Relevant studies were shortlisted based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by quality assessment. The primary focus was identifying specific taxonomic variations among these cohorts.A total of 12 studies met the selection criteria. Discrepancies were adjudicated by a third reviewer. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. Predominantly, the studies focused on disparities in urine microbiota between IC/BPS patients and normal controls, with one study examining gut microbiota differences between the groups, and two studies exploring vaginal microbiota distinctions. Unfortunately, analyses of discrepancies in other microbiota were limited. Our findings revealed evidence of distinct bacterial abundance variations, particularly involving Lactobacillus, alongside variations in specific metabolites among IC/BPS patients compared to controls.Currently, there is evidence suggesting significant variations in the diversity and species composition of the urinary microbiota between individuals diagnosed with IC/BPS and control groups. In the foreseeable future, urologists should consider urine microbiota dysbiosis as a potential aetiology for IC, with potential clinical implications for diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]