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Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common primary cardiomyopathy that is closely associated with sudden death in adolescents and athletes. The disease progression of HCM is prone to structural and functional alterations in the left atrium, leading to increased incidence of acute cerebrovascular accidents, embolism and atrial fibrillation, and a severe influence on the quality of life. Objective To evaluate the structural and functional changes in the left atrium of family members of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHCM) with a positive genotype but negative phenotype by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE), providing valuable references for early identification, assessment and management of family members of FHCM. Methods A total of 141 HCM patients and family members admitted in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from October 2021 to August 2022 were recruited. Blood samples were collected for genetic testing. Subjects were divided into G+P+ group with positive genotype and positive phenotype of ventricular wall thickening (n=54), G+P- group with positive genotype and negative phenotype (n=35) and G-P- group with negative genotype and negative phenotype (n=31). Baseline characteristics of subjects were collected. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DE-TTE) scans of the left atrium and ventricle and RT-3DE scans of the left atrium, and their relevant parameters were collected as well. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to identify the correlation between RT-3DE parameters of the left atrium and 2DE-TTE parameters of the left ventricle in subjects of G+P- group. Results Genetic testing identified 24 subjects carrying the titin (TTN) gene, 2 carrying both the TTN and tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) gene, 6 carrying the myosin binding protein C3 (MYBPC3) gene, 2 carrying the troponin I3 (TNNI3) gene, 9 carrying the myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) gene, 8 carrying both the MYBPC3 and TNNI3 genes, and 3 carrying both the TTN and MYH7 genes in G+P+ group. In G+P- group, 11 subjects carrying the TTN gene, 8 carrying the MYBPC3 gene, 3 carrying the TNNI3 gene, 8 carrying the MYH7 gene and 5 carrying both the MYBPC3 and TNNI3 genes. 2DE-TTE parameters were analyzed. Subjects in G+P+ group showed significantly higher left atrial diameter index (LADI), left atrial volume index (LAVI), end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVST), end-diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and ratio of early diastolic flow velocity peak to annular velocities (E/e') compared with those of G-P- group and G+P- group, but significantly lower end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) and end-systolic volume index (ESVI) (P

Forelimb bones of the Jurassic theropod Allosaurus fragilis were digitally manipulated based on three-dimensional (3D) digital models. Bony articular surface margins were used as limits to determine the range of motion (ROM) for each forelimb joint, and to test functional hypotheses of forelimb usage. We discuss the effects of palaeopathology at the right shoulder joint on inferring ROM in the forelimb of Allosaurus. It is considered that the glenoid aberration of this sub-adult specimen occurred in early ontogeny and lasted for a long period of time, affecting to varying degrees the development of the whole right arm (but not the manus). The relatively large ranges of extension and flexion of manual joints indicate well grasping ability consistent with early-diverging theropods. The limited ROM of the shoulder joints of Allosaurus suggests that the forelimbs were predominantly prey-acquiring but could go no further forward, indicating that the first contact with prey was made by the mouth. The manus could assist in grasping prey on the chest or below the neck or hooking objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is not only a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions but also a vast carbon sink system. Achieving the "dual carbon" goals—carbon peaking and carbon neutrality—is a major strategic objective for China in the near future. This study focuses on agricultural data from 2010 to 2022 in Shaanxi Province. It begins by analyzing the current economic and environmental conditions of the province and its resource endowment. This study then quantitatively assesses carbon absorption, carbon emissions, and the net carbon sink in agriculture over this period. Additionally, a vector autoregression (VAR) model is used to empirically analyze the relationship between agricultural carbon emissions and their influencing factors in Shaanxi Province. Key findings include the following: (1) From 2010 to 2022, the total carbon emissions from agriculture in Shaanxi Province were controlled to around 3 million tons, showing an overall trend of "growth-slow decline" with fluctuations. The carbon emissions from fertilizer application accounted for approximately 60% of the total carbon emissions from agriculture in Shaanxi Province, with a total volume ranging from 1.623 to 2.164 million tons. The total carbon absorption from agriculture in Shaanxi Province showed an increasing trend with fluctuations year by year from 2010 to 2022, with an average annual increase of 1.367%. (2) Fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films, and agricultural diesel are the primary contributors to agricultural carbon emissions. (3) Results from the Johansen cointegration test reveal a long-term equilibrium relationship between agricultural carbon emissions in Shaanxi Province and influencing factors such as fertilizers and pesticides in the short term. The contributions of fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films, and agricultural diesel to agricultural carbon emissions are 1.351%, 1.888%, 10.663%, and 0.258%, respectively. (4) The long-term contributions of fertilizers and pesticides to agricultural carbon emissions initially increased before undergoing a gradual attenuation, with average attenuation rates of 1.351% and 1.888%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge sharing is influenced not only by the attributes of the knowledge itself and the hierarchical differences among knowledge holders but also by micro-level factors such as interpersonal communication and psychological dynamics. As the demands of the new economic environment evolve, the role of knowledge sharing among team members in knowledge management has become increasingly critical. A growing body of research emphasizes the importance of sharing knowledge resources as a means of gaining strategic advantages in enterprises. Previous studies have shown that leadership behavior plays a crucial role in fostering knowledge sharing among team members. However, there is limited research on the specific pathways and mechanisms through which leadership behavior influences knowledge sharing. Additionally, existing research lacks a comprehensive examination of the structure and measurement methods of leader–member exchange (LMX), as well as its impact on employee work outcomes. This study addresses this gap by examining trust relationships through the lenses of social identity and emotional interaction, with trust serving as a mediating variable to explore the impact of leader–subordinate interactions on knowledge sharing behavior. Drawing on the relevant literature, the study focuses on 358 employees, investigating the relationship between LMX as the independent variable, team knowledge sharing as the dependent variable, and employee trust as the mediating factor. The research findings are as follows: (1) The quality of the LMX relationship significantly influences employees' team knowledge sharing; higher-quality LMX relationships are associated with increased knowledge sharing among subordinates. (2) Employee trust in both leaders and colleagues has a substantial impact on team knowledge sharing, with higher levels of trust positively affecting knowledge sharing behaviors. (3) Employee trust serves as a mediating factor in the relationship between LMX and team knowledge sharing. This study delves into the dynamics between LMX, team knowledge sharing, and trust, providing practical recommendations for strengthening these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scale and quality of higher education are key indicators of a country's development level and its potential for future growth. This study utilizes literature analysis and the core functions of higher education institutions to construct an evaluation index system for the modernization level of higher education in China, using data from 2012 to 2022. The results reveal the following: (1) From 2012 to 2022, the modernization level of higher education across China's 31 provinces generally increased, despite some fluctuations. Beijing consistently maintained the highest level of modernization, while Hainan demonstrated the fastest growth rate. (2) The modernization level of higher education exhibited uneven distribution across the provinces: eleven provinces were at a low level, eight at a moderate level, eight at a relatively high level, and four at a high level. (3) The development level of higher education modernization shows a clear correlation with geographic location and economic development, characterized by a distinct 'high in the east, low in the west' pattern. (4) There is a urgent need to enhance the internationalization of higher education development in China. (5) The overall index of higher education development in China displayed a slow decline with fluctuations from 2012 to 2022, reflecting ongoing efforts toward balanced development across the 31 provinces and cities. The most significant disparities in higher education development remain between the western and eastern regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinosaurus from the Lufeng Basin, Yunnan Province, is the largest and most famous predatory dinosaur from the Early Jurassic in China. Although a number of specimens have been discovered in the past, no studies to date have focused exclusively on complete skeletal articulation, estimation of mass, or life strategies. Based on surface scans of a new well-preserved specimen, a digital skeleton of Sinosaurus was produced in two poses: osteologically neutral pose and extended pose. We estimated the possible living body mass by three volumetric-density methods, advocating the use of the expanding convex hulls method of 849.6 kg with the COM (0.41, 1.31, 0.00) as a more reliable result, which is greater than the mass of traditional regression formulas. The body shape and skull/body length suggested that Sinosaurus was a great runner, and this, combined with the weak crests and large forelimbs, further led to the conclusion that both the head and forelimbs were required to prey. This finding is also consistent with the finding that Sinosaurus has a moderate ability to metabolise body heat in the skin, as reflected by the surface/volume ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the relationship between education and the economy in China, focusing on 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions from 2012 to 2023. It developed an appropriate evaluation model to assess the coupling and collaborative development of the 'higher education and economy' composite system. The study quantified both the quantity and quality of higher education modernization in China using the entropy-weight method and a comprehensive development- level evaluation model. The coupling-coordination degree model was applied to empirically analyze the internal logic, operating mechanisms, and coupling-coordination degree between the supply of higher education and the demand for high-quality regional economic development within the context of the new development pattern. Additionally, the obstacle degree model was introduced to identify factors hindering the coupling and coordination of higher education and regional economic development across 31 provinces and municipalities. The findings revealed that (1) the modernization levels of higher education exhibited fluctuating yet overall upward trends, with the eastern region leading. Economic development followed a similar upward trajectory, with the eastern region outperforming other areas. (2) The coupling coordination between higher education and economic development followed a 'rising-falling-rising' pattern. (3) The higher education system emerged as the primary obstacle to coupling coordination, with specific challenges varying across different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]