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Based on data from China Education Panel Survey, this article examined the impact of teacher gender on student human capital development at the junior secondary education level. The research findings showed that female teachers were more capable of promoting cognitive and non-cognitive ability development of both girl and boy students than their male counterparts; and that student cognitive and non-cognitive performance was significantly and negatively related to the increase in the percentages of male teachers in the class and school.

Previous studies have indicated that teacher well-being (TWB) should have substantial benefits for both individuals and organisations. This study explored the relationship between the professional learning community (PLC) and TWB from the perspective of the job demands-resources (JD-R) model. Informed by self-efficacy theory, the present study further investigated whether the PLC-TWB relationship was mediated by teaching self-efficacy (TSE). Survey data were gathered from 844 teachers from 28 schools in one province of southeastern China. The results showed that each of the six PLC components was positively related to teachers' hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. The association between the PLC and TWB was confirmed to be mediated by TSE. Our study not only highlighted the importance of the PLC on TWB in China, but also provided insights into the mechanism of the PLC-TWB relationship through the lens of TSE. Implications for research and practice were discussed.

This paper explores the relationship between the student-supervisor relationship (SSR) and postgraduate students' subjective well-being. Based on a longitudinal survey of Beijing college students, the present study suggests that in China, the SSR is a supervisor-centred, top-down hierarchical relationship. The reciprocity level of the SSR is positively related to the students' subjective well-being. The trust level of the SSR also has a positive relationship with students' subjective well-being; improving the trust level may also mitigate the possible negative implications of the low level of reciprocity in the relationship. The present study further reveals that it is more difficult for first-generation students to establish sound SSR than non-first-generation students. Additionally, a good SSR is more important for first-generation students' positive well-being. The findings provide implications for educational practices on how to improve postgraduate students' subjective well-being by improving the SSR.

Introduction: Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a precious medicinal fungus. Wild CS (WCS) and artificial CS (ACS) are destroyed for their identification using traditional methods, which are time consuming and labor‐intensive. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a nondestructive identification method to rapidly screen WCS. Objective: The aim of this study was to provide technical support for rapid screening of CS and evaluation of its quality. The applicability of the model was improved through model transfer. Methods: In this study, continuous wavelet transform was used to analyze the differences in moisture content and active components between WCS and ACS from the perspective of characteristic molecular groups. A portable instrument and a laboratory benchtop instrument were used to determine CS spectra. Partial least squares discrimination analysis was conducted for the identification of WCS and ACS while preserving the original shape of CS. Moreover, improved principal component analysis was utilized to transfer the model between the two types of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) instruments. Results: The results demonstrated that three peaks, at 1443, 1941, and 2183 nm, were characteristic absorption peaks. The model based on NIRS could initially provide rapid differentiation between WCS and ACS. At the same time, the accuracy of the external test set was further improved to over 95% through forward transfer. Conclusion: Therefore, this method could be used for rapid screening of WCS and provides technical support for the nondestructive identification of CS and initial assessment of CS quality. The correct discrimination of CS has been improved through model transfer, and three characteristic peaks have been proposed to determine the quality of CS at 1443, 1941, and 2183 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Calculus bovis (C. bovis) is a typical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) derived from animals, which has a remarkable curative effect and high price. Objectives: Rapid identification of C. bovis from different types was realized based on spectral technology, and a rapid quantitative analysis method for the main quality control indicator bilirubin was established. Methods: We conducted a supervised and unsupervised pattern recognition study on 44 batches of different types of C. bovis by five spectral pretreatment methods. Three variable selection methods were used to extract the essential information, and the partial least squares regression (PLSR) quantitative model of bilirubin by near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was constructed. Results: The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) model could achieve 100% accuracy in identifying different types of C. bovis. The R2 of the NIR quantitative model was 0.979, which is close to 1, and the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) was 2.3515, indicating the good prediction ability of the model. Conclusion: The study was carried out to further improve the basic data of quality control of C. bovis and help the high‐quality development of TCM derived from animals. A comprehensive study of C. bovis of animal origin by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between the student-supervisor relationship (SSR) and postgraduate students' subjective well-being. Based on a longitudinal survey of Beijing college students, the present study suggests that in China, the SSR is a supervisor-centred, top-down hierarchical relationship. The reciprocity level of the SSR is positively related to the students' subjective well-being. The trust level of the SSR also has a positive relationship with students' subjective well-being; improving the trust level may also mitigate the possible negative implications of the low level of reciprocity in the relationship. The present study further reveals that it is more difficult for first-generation students to establish sound SSR than non-first-generation students. Additionally, a good SSR is more important for first-generation students' positive well-being. The findings provide implications for educational practices on how to improve postgraduate students' subjective well-being by improving the SSR., Author(s): Wenyan Liang [sup.1] , Shuiyun Liu [sup.1] , Chenxu Zhao [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.20513.35, 0000 0004 1789 9964, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, , 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, [...]