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Based on the continuity and momentum equations, a self-consistent simulation model is developed for describing the localized electron density enhancement caused by high-pressure H2O gas release in the ionosphere. The chemical reaction and momentum exchange process between the neutral gas and ionospheric plasma species are considered in the theoretical simulation model. The finite element method is used to solve the simulation model for H2O gas release, and the expansion and ionospheric disturbance process at the early stage of high-pressure gas release are studied. It is shown that the space expansion of the released gas is mainly dominated by the pressure difference between the H2O gas and the ionospheric plasma at the early stage of release. Then the diffusion process becomes the dominant process of the space transport of H2O molecules. An electron depletion region forms near the center of the release region due to the chemical reaction and collision process with H2O molecules. Meanwhile, an electron density enhancement region forms on both sides along the magnetic field direction due to the electron snowplow effect. With the increase in the released mass of H2O gas, the intensity and duration of the electron density enhancement increase gradually. With the release position rising, it is found that the intensity of the electron density enhancement has a peak near 380 km and the duration increases slightly with the increasing release height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dusty plasma is generally defined as a plasma system containing a large number of nano‐ or micron‐sized dust particles. Its plasma properties and propagation properties of wave travel through it is of great scientific significance to the understanding of many fundamental problems in space physics and astrophysics. Based on previous studies on rocket exhaust and Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes, fluid mechanics and dust microphysics are combined to simulate the ionospheric plasma structure generated by neutral gases and charged aerosols using fluid theory and kinetic theory. The Total Electron Content of the in‐situ detection beacon is simulated and compared with the experimental phenomenon given in Charged Aerosol Release Experiment by Bernhardt et al. The ray tracing algorithm is used to simulate the path deflection of the radio wave when it passes through the artificial disturbance area generated by the gas‐solid mixture, and the simulation results of ionosonde and analysis are given. Since the neutral gas expands substantially isotropically after being released, the resulting depleted structure is an approximately isotropic sphere, or an acorn‐like structure. The solid particles are constrained by the nozzle, and particles will distribute within a spray angle, and the depletion structure will appear as a "broom‐like" or "cone‐like" structure. If the size of dust particles is small enough, the particle movement will be restricted by the geomagnetic field, resulting in a "squid‐like" ionospheric structure. Because of the fishtail‐like sharp boundary, radio waves passing through it are deflected in a specific path, which is markedly different from the effect of pure neutral gas injected into the ionosphere. Plain Language Summary: Many studies have focused on ionospheric disturbances caused by natural dust of polar mesospheric clouds or by ionospheric pollutants. However, practical physical scenarios usually have both neutral gases and charged aerosols, whose total contribution to the plasma after injection into the ionosphere and wave propagation through the disturbance have rarely been studied. In this paper, the fluid theory and kinetic theory are used to simulate the ionospheric plasma disturbance structure by combining the fluid mechanics and the dust microphysics. The Total Electron Content of the in‐situ detection, the path of radio waves through the disturbance and the vertical ionogram produced by the injection of neutral gas and dust particles are also simulated. Key Points: An analytic solution model of the ionospheric disturbance produced by artificial neutral gas‐dust particles mixture injection is establishedThe motion of charged dust particles and evolution of ionospheric depletion caused by mixture injection are simulatedThe perturbed Total Electron Content and the path deflection of radio wave passing through the disturbance region are simulated and analyzed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]