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Modern field programmable gate arrays like Altera's Stratix Series have adopted the adaptive logic module (ALM) structure due to its potential performance and area advantages. An ALM can implement a single logic function or can be fractured into two smaller lookup tables (LUTs). In this paper, we propose an ALM mapping algorithm, ALMmap, for area minimization with bounded depth. We revamp the traditional iterative cut-based mapping flow and introduce a procedure for bounded depth mapping generation with dynamic area recovery that effectively combines cut selection, mapping, and area recovery together. In addition, we introduce a new procedure for computing cut set for ALM minimization under a depth constraint. The notion of area flow which has been used successfully for cut selection to reduce LUT count is revised for cut selection to reduce ALM count. ALMmap obtains depth optimal solutions that are 25.6% and 11.6% smaller, on average, than those produced by a classical mapper and WireMap, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We propose a power-driven flip-flop (FF) merging and relocation approach that can be applied after conventional timing-driven placement and before clock network synthesis. It targets to reduce the clock network size and thus the clock power consumption while controlling the switching power of the nets connected to the FFs by selectively merging FFs into multibit FFs and relocating them under timing and placement density constraints. The experimental results are very encouraging. For a set of benchmarks, our approach reduced the switching capacitance of clock network by 36%–43% after gated clock tree synthesis. Finally, the total switching capacitance of clock network and nets connected to the FFs is reduced by 24%–29%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the relationship between donor liver cold preservation, lung surfactant (LS) changes and acute lung injury (ALI) after liver transplantation., Methods: Liver transplantation models were established using male Wistar rats. Donor livers were preserved in University of Wisconsin solution at 4  °C for different lengths of time. The effect of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) on ALI was also detected. All samples were harvested after 3 h reperfusion. The severity of ALI was evaluated by lung weight/body weight ratio, lung histopathological score, serum nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)-1 levels, lung tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels. Lung surfactants (LSs) were determined by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography., Results: With extended donor liver cold preservation time (CPT), lung histopathological scores, serum ET-1 levels, lung weight/body weight ratio and the level of TNF-α and IL-1β in lung were increased significantly in the 180-min group compared with the sham group (3.16 ± 0.28 vs 1.12 ± 0.21, P < 0.001; 343.59 ± 53.97 vs 141.53 ± 48.48, P < 0.001; 0.00687 ± 0.00037 vs 0.00557 ± 0.00056, P < 0.001; 17.5 ± 3.0 vs 1.3 ± 0.3, P < 0.001; 10.8 ± 2.3 vs 1.8 ± 0.4, P < 0.001), but serum NO levels decreased remarkably (74.67 ± 10.01 vs 24.97 ± 3.18, P < 0.001). The expression of lung phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS) increased when CPT was < 120 min, and decreased when CPT was > 180 min (PC: 1318.89 ± 54.79 vs 1011.18 ± 59.99, P < 0.001; PE: 1504.45 ± 119.96 vs 1340.80 ± 76.39, P = 0.0019; PI: 201.23 ± 34.82 vs 185.88 ± 17.04, P = 0.2265; PS: 300.43 ± 32.95 vs 286.55 ± 55.55, P = 0.5054). All these ALI-associated indexes could be partially reversed by PDTC treatment., Conclusion: Prolonged CPT could induce or inhibit the expression of LSs at the compensation or decompensation stage, and some antioxidants (e.g., PDTC) may reverse the pathological process partially.