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Vitis zhejiang-adstricta (V. zhejiang-adstricta) is one of the most important and endangered wild grapes. It is a national key protected wild, rare and endangered ancient grape endemic to China and used as a candidate material for resistance breeding owing to its excellent significant disease resistance. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-level assembly of V. zhejiang-adstricta (IB-VB-01), comprising 506.66 Mb assembled into 19 pseudo-chromosomes. The contig N50 length is 3.91 Mb with 31,196 annotated protein-coding genes. Comparative genome and evolutionary analyses illustrated that V. zhejiang-adstricta has a specific position in the evolution of East Asian Vitis and shared a common ancestor with Vitis vinifera during the divergence of the two species about 10.42 (between 9.34 and 11.12) Mya. The expanded gene families compared with those in plants were related to disease resistance, and constructed gene families were related to plant growth and primary metabolism. With the analysis of gene family expansion and contraction, the evolution of environmental adaptability and especially the NBS-LRR gene family of V. zhejiang-adstricta was elucidated based on the pathways of resistance genes (R genes), unique genes and structural variations. The near-complete and accurate diploid V. zhejiang-adstricta reference genome obtained herein serves as an important complement to wild grape genomes and will provide valuable genomic resources for investigating the genomic architecture of V. zhejiang-adstricta as well as for improving disease resistance breeding strategies in grape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plant GATA family is one of the most important transcription factors involved in light-responsive development, nitrogen metabolism, phytohormone signaling, and source/sink balance. However, the function of the GATA gene is less known in grape (Vitis vinifera L.). In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the GATA family in grape, particularly the phylogenetic evolution, duplication patterns, conserved motifs, gene structures, cis-elements, tissue expression patterns, and predicted function of VvGATA genes in response to abiotic stress. The potential roles of VvGATA genes in berry development were also investigated. The GATA transcription factors displayed expression diversity among different grape organs and tissues, and some of them showed preferential expression in a specific tissue. Heterotrophic cultured cells were used as model systems for the functional characterization of the VvGATA gene and study of its response to light and phytohormone. Results indicated that some VvGATA genes displayed differential responses to light and phytohormones, suggesting their role in light and hormone signaling pathways. A thorough analysis of GATA transcription factors in grape (V. vinifera L.) presented the characterization and functional prediction of VvGATA genes. The data presented here lay the foundation for further functional studies of grape GATA transcription factors. Key words: grape (Vitis vinifera L.), GATA transcription factor, evolution, expression analysis. Chez les plantes, la famille GATA est parmi les plus importantes familles de facteurs de transcription impliques dans le developpement en reponse a la lumière, le metabolisme azote, la signalisation phytohormonale et les relations source/puit. Malgre cela, la fonction de la famille de gènes GATA est peu connue chez la vigne (Vitis vinifera L.). Dans ce travail, les auteurs ont analyse de manière exhaustive la famille de gènes GATA chez la vigne (V. vinifera L.), particulièrement l'evolution phylogenetique, les types de duplication, les motifs conserves, la structure des gènes, les elements en cis, l'expression tissulaire et la fonction predite des gènes VvGATA en reponse a des stress abiotiques. Les rôles potentiels des gènes VvGATA dans le developpement des baies ont egalement ete examines. Les facteurs de transcription GATA sont exprimes diversement chez les differents organes et tissus de la vigne, et certains d'entre eux affichaient une expression preferentielle dans certains tissus specifiques. Des cellules en culture heterotrophe ont ete employees comme système modèle pour la caracterisation fonctionnelle des gènes VvGATA et etudier leurs reponses a la lumière et aux phytohormones. Les resultats indiquent que certains gènes VvGATA affichaient une expression differentielle en reponse a la lumière et aux phytohormones, ce qui suggère qu'ils jouent un rôle dans ces sentiers de signalisation. Un examen approfondi des facteurs de transcription VvGATA chez la vigne contribue une caracterisation et une prediction fonctionnelle des gènes VvGATA. Les donnees presentees ici fournissent une assise pour de futures etudes fonctionnelles de ces facteurs de transcription chez la vigne. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : Vigne (Vitis vinifera L.), facteur de transcription GATA, evolution, analyses d'expression., Introduction The zinc-finger domain is found in many proteins involved in protein-DNA interactions; GATA transcription factors encode a type IV zinc-finger protein that binds to the DNA sequence (A/T)GATA(A/G) and [...]

Heat stress limits growth and development of crops including grapevine which is a popular fruit in the world. Genetic variability in crops thermotolerance is not well understood. We identified and characterized heat stress transcription factor HSFA2 in heat sensitive Vitis vinifera 'Jingxiu' (named as VvHSFA2) and heat tolerant Vitis davidii 'Tangwei' (named as VdHSFA2). The transcriptional activation activities of VdHSFA2 are higher than VvHSFA2, the variation of single amino acid (Thr315Ile) in AHA1 motif leads to the difference of transcription activities between VdHSFA2 and VvHSFA2. Based on 41 Vitis germplasms, we found that HSFA2 is differentiated at coding region among heat sensitive V. vinifera, and heat tolerant Vitis davidii and Vitis quinquangularis. Genetic evidence demonstrates VdHSFA2 and VvHSFA2 are positive regulators in grape thermotolerance, and the former can confer higher thermotolerance than the latter. Moreover, VdHSFA2 can regulate more target genes than VvHSFA2. As a target gene of both VdHSFA2 and VvHSFA2, overexpression of MBF1c enhanced the grape thermotolerance whereas dysfunction of MBF1c resulted in thermosensitive phenotype. Together, our results revealed that VdHSFA2 confers higher thermotolerance than VvHSFA2, and MBF1c acts as their target gene to induce thermotolerance. The VdHSFA2 may be adopted for molecular breeding in grape thermotolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]