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Cinnamon oil is a blend of secondary metabolites and is widely used as spice. Endophytic bacteria are always related to the secondary metabolites production. However, the potential of endophytic bacteria communities for cinnamon oil production during cinnamon shade-drying process is still not clear. In this study, we investigated the composition and metabolic function of endophytic bacterial community during 80-day shade-drying process. The temporal dynamics of essential oil content and its dominant constituents were analyzed. The succession of endophytic bacterial community from d0 to d80 was identified. The influence of endophytic bacterial community evolution on cinnamon oil is significant positive. Predictive functional analysis indicated that shade-drying process was rich in

The amide derivatives were synthesized from isopimaric acid and characterized by spectroscopy. These amides were examined in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against four cancer cell lines. The majority of the screened compounds displayed better inhibitory activity than isopimaric acid, and many amides displayed promising cytotoxic activity against hepatocarcinoma (HepG-2), breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231), and prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3). It was found that the substituent type, number, and position in the benzene and heterocyclic rings have an important influence on cytotoxicity against the three tested cancer cell lines.

p -Menthane type monoterpene derivatives were identified as bio-based compounds with high herbicidal activities. In order to search novel p -menthane type monoterpene derivatives in good performance, a series of novel cis - p -menthane type Schiff base derivatives were designed and synthesized. All target products were easily available novel compounds and characterized by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and ESI + -MS. Their pre-emergence herbicidal activities against annual ryegrass were evaluated. The bioassays indicated that most of the target compounds displayed excellent herbicidal activities in pre-emergence treatment.

Metallodeuteroporphyrins (MDPs) were employed as the catalysts for aerobic oxidation of β-pinene in absence of solvents and additives. Allylic hydroxylation products were found to be the main products from this protocol. The catalytic activity of MDPs with different metal nuclei and the influences of technological conditions on this reaction were investigated. This catalytic system has bright application prospect since only eco-friendly and readily available dioxygen were needed.

Metallodeuteroporphyrins (MDPs) were employed as the catalysts for aerobic hydroxylation of p-menthane in absence of solvents and additives under ambient pressure. Tertiary C H bonds were found to be more active than secondary and primary C H bonds. Thus, dihydroterpineols (DHTs) could be conveniently obtained in high selectivity. The influences of reaction temperature and catalyst concentration on this reaction were investigated. The impact of central metal on the yield and selectivity of DHTs was discussed. It was found that ferric deuteroporphyrin dimethyl ester (FeClDPDME) and cobalt deuteroporphyrin dimethyl ester (CoDPDME) exhibited higher catalytic activity than other catalysts.

A quick and accurate HPLC method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of two bioactive triterpenes, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid in Paulownia leaves. The samples were analyzed on a Shim-pack ODS-CLC (M) (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) column kept at 21 °C, using the methanol and aqueous phase containing 0.05%phosphoric acid with the volumetric ratio of 91.7:8.3 as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/ min, and the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm. The method was validated and applied to the simultaneous quantification of the two triterpenes in Paulownia leaf extract. The standard curves were established in the range of 0.44 ~ 8.75 μg for oleanolic acid and 0.92 ~ 18.37 μg for ursolic acid. The contents of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in leaves of Paulownia were determinated using the HPLC method and the contents were 3.87 mg/g and 13.61 mg/g, respectively.

Chinese gum rosin were digested by microwave-assisted sample digestion, and then the metal and semimetal elements in it were detected by inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Most metal and semimetal elements mass fractions in gum rosin are less than 5.0mg/kg, among which mass fractions of Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na are relatively higher. Some metal and semimetal elements in gum rosin may influence auto-oxidative rate to bring about color changing.

There was rarely high-purity α-terpineol or pure-monomer α-terpineol in China due to difficulty in isolating α-terpineol and γ-terpineol. Aiming at the separation problem, α-terpineol was directional synthesized by one-step method in a uniform system. The influence factors of stereochemistry structure, thermodynamic analysis and stability of reactants, products and carbocations were researched, conducting the experiments in optimal reaction conditions. All the influence factors about generating trend of objective product α-terpineol and byproduct γ-terpineol were discussed and the reaction mechanism was studied. This paper provided certain theoretical basis on prepare high-purity α-terpineol.

Properties of cured product which polymerizd by nopadiene and factors of curing reaction were researched. Conversion rate of the double bond was characterized and detected by FT-IR analysis, and mechanical properties of cured films were detected, too. Results showed that conversion of double bond increased firstly and then remained basically stable with the increasing of the dosage of initiators, and increased with the increase of irradiation time. Surface drying time become shorter, that is, relative curing speed become faster with the increasing of the dosage of photo-initiators and irradiation intensity, and the decreasing of the lamp distance, and conversion rates of the double bonds were 91.5 % , while illumination time 360 s in dosage of 8 % of Irgacure 6512 to the substrate were used at lamp distance 4.5 cm with 100 % irradiation intensity, respectively. The obtained UV cured coating exhibited some superior properties in flexibility, impact strength, adhesive power, hardness, acid resistance, alkali resistance, salt resistance, water resistance, and so on.

Squalene, a natural antioxidant, was microencapsulated by the method of ultrasonic spraying and freeze-drying using shell materials of gelatin and arabic gum. The suitable condition for ultrasonic emulsification before ultrasonic spraying and freeze-drying was frequency 28 kHz and running time 20 min. The reasonable condition for microencapsulation of squalene by ultrasonic spraying and freeze-drying was gelatin 3.0 %, arabic gum 5.0 %, maltodextrin 6.0 % and sucrose ester 0.9 %. The appearance and size of microcapsules of squalene were measured by scanning electron microscope and metallographic microscope. The microcapsules of squalene were smonth spheres at the diameter of about 10 μm.

The chemical oxidation of p-cymene was preliminarily studied by several oxidants. The conversion of p-cymene and selectivity of p-cymen-8-ol were both influenced by the factors such as dosage of oxidant, dosage of sulphuric acid, reaction time, reaction temperature and solvent variety. The reasonable oxidation conditions were molar ratio of p-cymene to potassium permanganate 1:3, molar ratio of sulphuric acid to potassium permanganate 0.13:1, mixture of water and acetic acid (1:1, v/v) as solvent, reaction temperature 80 °C and reaction time 9 h. The conversion of p-cymene and selectivity of p-cymen-8-ol were respectively 92.21 % and 69.65 % in the reasonable oxidation conditions. The by-products of p-cymene oxidation mainly included p-iso-propyl benzoic acid, p-isopropyl benzaldehyde and p-methyl acetophenone.

A study to track and detect the variation of bioactive components in rosemary extraction solution and extracts, by adding organic acid synergists, such as citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid, was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ultrasound was also used to increase the extraction efficiency, improve the yields of rosemary extracts and shorten the extraction time. The experimental results showed that the content of the key bioactive component carnosic acid was easier to reduce during the storage of extraction solution and extracts, meanwhile, adding citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid during the extraction could actually slow down the trend of the reduction of the bioactive components, especially for carnosic acid.

The color-lightening of rosin was achieved to give light-colored and qualified rosin that was improved at the optimal conditions for 4 Gardner color grades, while rosin was treated at 180 ~ 270 °C for 1 ~ 4 h in inert gases. The color of rosin was deepened slightly at the initial, and then gradual lightened with the increase of treating temperature. The best color-lightening effect was observed from Pinus massoniana rosin. The acid number and softening point of rosin tended to decrease both accompanying with the color-lightening. According to a general consideration on main requirements such as color, acid number, softening point and the others, the suitable treating conditions for rosin color-lightening were suggested to be as temperature 240 ~ 260 °C and time 1 ~ 3 h.

Mesoporous zirconias were prepared by precipitation method using rosin-based quaternary ammonium salt as a directing agent. The samples were characterized by means of XRD, FT-IR and N2-adsorption and desorption measurements. The phase of precursors was amorphous, and well crystallized tetragonal zirconias were obtained after the calcination at 450 °C. The synthesized mesoporous zirconias possessed high surface areas ranging from 183.56 to 203.87 m2g-1and big pore diameters varying from 6.27 to 7.58 nm. The content of the rosin-based quaternary ammonium salt had significant influence on the textural properties of the mesoporous zirconias. Surface areas, pore volumes and pore diameters of the mesoporous zirconias decreased when increasing the surfactant dosage.

The variation regulation of five bioactive components including carnosic acid (CA), carnosol (CO), rosmarinic acid (RA), oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) in rosemary leaves and extraction procedure was studied. The effects of rosemary sources, steam distillation time, activated carbon dosage and storage time of extraction solution on variation regulation of bioactive components were discussed in detail.

Turpentine-based dipentene (TBDP) contains limonene 30.32 %, terpinolene 31.35 %,α-terpinene 7.55 %,γ-terpinene 6.40 % andp-cymene 12.87 %. Three Pd/C catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, TG-DTG and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The properties of the catalysts on TBDP conversion were compared. Difference of catalytic competitive reactions of TBDP by catalyst A with the change of reaction temperature was discussed in detail. The yield ofp-cymene at 280-310°C was over 95.0 %. It was important to control the reaction temperature for TBDP dehydrogenation catalyzed by Pd/C catalysts. It is valuable to probe the catalytic behaviors of Pd/C catalyst on TBDP dehydrogenation for research and development of efficient preparation technology ofp-cymene from TBDP.

The title compound, also known as isopimaric acid, C20H30O2, was isolated from slash pine rosin. There are two unique molecules in the unit cell. The two cyclohexane rings have classical chair conformations. The cyclohexene ring represents a semi-chair. The molecular conformation is stabilized by weak intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions. The molecules are dimerized through their carboxyl groups by O—H...O hydrogen bonds, formingR22(8) rings.

The title compound, C(27)H(34)ClN, has been synthesized from 4-chloro-benzaldehyde and dehydro-abietylamine. There are two unique mol-ecules in the unit cell. Each mol-ecule has three chiral centres, which exhibit R, S and R absolute configurations. The two cyclo-hexane rings form a trans ring junction with classical chair and half-chair conformations.

The title compound, C(17)H(17)ClN(2)O(4), was synthesized from 3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzohydrazide and 4-chloro-benzaldehyde. In the crystal structure, packing is stabilized by intramolecular C-H⋯O and inter-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions.

The mol-ecule of the title compound, C(17)H(17)BrN(2)O(5), assumes an E configuration, with the 5-bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl and benzohydrazide units located on opposite sites of the C=N double bond. The dihedral angle between the planes of the two benzene rings is 32.48 (15)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by intra-molecular O-H⋯N and inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, C(17)H(18)N(2)O(5), was synthesized from 3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzohydrazide and 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde. The dihedral angle between the planes of the two benzene rings is 29.9 (2)°. The crystal structure involves intra-molecular O-H⋯N, and inter-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.