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Energy has always been the cornerstone of the development of the world and even human society. Energy affects mankind in economy, life, culture and other aspects. Therefore, energy has always been one of the most important things in human society. As the world changes, energy security is always on the minds of world leaders. At the same time, as a very important investment product in the world, the price trend of energy has been affecting the attention of investors around the world. Therefore, this paper will take the European natural gas price as an analysis case, and help analyze the possible trend of the European natural gas price by analyzing the demand and supply and detailing the supply situation. In addition, this paper will analyze European energy supply sources in detail, and put forward constructive suggestions for European leaders to solve energy security problems with the goal of helping Europe achieve energy self-sufficiency.

Organisms from cyanobacteria to humans have evolved a wide array of photoreceptive strategies to detect light. Sunlight avoidance behavior is common in animals without vision or known photosensory genes. While indirect light perception via photothermal conversion is a possible scenario, there is no experimental evidence for this hypothesis. Here, we show a nonvisual and extraocular sunlight detection mechanism by identifying the broad-range thermal receptor 1 (BRTNaC1, temperature range = 33 to 48 °C) in centipede antennae. BRTNaC1, a heat-activated cation-permeable ion channel, is structurally related to members of the epithelial sodium channel family. At the molecular level, heat activation of BRTNaC1 exhibits strong pH dependence controlled by two protonatable sites. Physiologically, temperature-dependent activation of BRTNaC1 upon sunlight exposure comes from a striking photothermal effect on the antennae, where a slightly acidic environment (pH 6.1) of the body fluid leads to the protonation of BRTNaC1 and switches on its high thermal sensitivity. Furthermore, testosterone potently inhibits heat activation of BRTNaC1 and the sunlight avoidance behavior of centipedes. Taken together, our study suggests a sophisticated strategy for nonvisual sunlight detection in myriapods.

To cope with temperature fluctuations, molecular thermosensors in animals play a pivotal role in accurately sensing ambient temperature. Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is the most established cold sensor. In order to understand how the evolutionary forces bestowed TRPM8 with cold sensitivity, insights into both emergence of cold sensing during evolution and the thermodynamic basis of cold activation are needed. Here, we show that the trpm8 gene evolved by forming and regulating two domains (MHR1-3 and pore domains), thus determining distinct cold-sensitive properties among vertebrate TRPM8 orthologs. The young trpm8 gene without function can be observed in the closest living relatives of tetrapods (lobe-finned fishes), while the mature MHR1-3 domain with independent cold sensitivity has formed in TRPM8s of amphibians and reptiles to enable channel activation by cold. Furthermore, positive selection in the TRPM8 pore domain that tuned the efficacy of cold activation appeared late among more advanced terrestrial tetrapods. Interestingly, the mature MHR1-3 domain is necessary for the regulatory mechanism of the pore domain in TRPM8 cold activation. Our results reveal the domain-based evolution for TRPM8 functions and suggest that the acquisition of cold sensitivity in TRPM8 facilitated terrestrial adaptation during the water-to-land transition.

The specialities in ocean environmental information data prevent themselves from being exploited efficiently in ocean science research. The combination of the data grid technology with ocean science provides the promising future for sharing and exchanging of ocean environmental information data. This paper illustrates the construction of OceanGrid, which is the data grid of ocean environmental information storage and exchanging. The architecture and realization of OceanGrid have been illustrated in details and the scalable data format converting grid service has been presented with OceanGrid. One typical application of water mass division has been realized, which proves the functionality of OceanGrid.