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1. The Design, Construction, and Commissioning of the KATRIN Experiment

Author

Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Amsbaugh, J. F., Arenz, M., Babutzka, M., Bast, J., Bauer, S., Bechtler, H., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bender, B., Berendes, R., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bettin, C., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bohn, J., Bokeloh, K., Bolz, H., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Bouquet, H., Boyd, N. M., Brunst, T., Burritt, T. H., Caldwell, T. S., Chaoui, Z., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Corona, T. J., Cox, G. A., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dunmore, J. A., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eichelhardt, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frenzel, H., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gehring, R., Gil, W., Glück, F., Görhardt, S., Grimm, J., Grohmann, S., Groh, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Häßler, D., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Harper, G. C., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Held, M., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillen, B., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzmann, S., Horn, S., Hötzel, M., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., James, T., Jansen, A., Kaiser, M., Karl, C., Kazachenko, O., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Klein, M., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kosmider, A., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Kumb, A., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Leber, M. L., Lehnert, B., Leiber, B., Letnev, J., Lewis, R. J., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mehret, K., Meloni, M., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Minter, L. I., Monreal, B., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Myers, A. W., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Ostrick, B., Parno, D. S., Peterson, D. A., Plischke, P., Poon, A. W. P., Prall, M., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Reich, J., Renschler, P., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rupp, S., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Sagawe, M., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schön, H., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwarz, J., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., VanDevender, B. A., Van Wechel, T. D., Vénos, D., Verbeek, A., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Vogt, K., Wall, B. L., Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weingardt, H., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wierman, K. J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zacher, M., Zadoroghny, S., Zboril, M., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/270060419] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [arXiv:1909.06048]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns., Comment: Added missing acknowledgement, corrected performance statement in chapter 4.2.5, updated author list and references

Published
2021
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2. Out of Order

Author

Sabato, Larry J., primary, Stencel, Mark, additional, and Lichter, S. Robert, additional

Published
2023
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3. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author

Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Heizmann, J., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Monreal, B., Müller, K., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steven, M., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\textrm{ eV/c}^2$ (90$\%$ C.L.) by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as MAC-E (magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, an unavoidable Penning trap is created when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, "electron catchers" were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background., Comment: - 12 pages, 14 figures, LaTeX; typos corrected, references added; precised a few arguments, added additional discussions, results unchanged

Published
2019
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4. An improved upper limit on the neutrino mass from a direct kinematic method by KATRIN

Author

Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Babutzka, M., Barrett, J., Bauer, S., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bokeloh, K., Bonn, J., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Corona, T. J., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dunmore, J. A., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eisenblätter, L., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Fischer, S., Flatt, B., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fuchs, D., Fulst, A., Furse, D., Gauda, K., Gemmeke, H., Gil, W., Glück, F., Görhardt, S., Groh, S., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Minh, M. Ha, Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillen, B., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kaboth, A., Karl, C., Kazachenko, O., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kosmider, A., Kovalí, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Krause, H., Kuckert, L., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Leber, M., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Lichter, S., Lobashev, V. M., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Müller, K., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Minter, L. I., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Guzman, P. I. Morales, Naumann, U., Ndeke, W., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Oblath, N. S., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Ostrick, B., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Phillips II, D. G., Plischke, P., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Pouryamout, J., Prall, M., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Roll, Ch., Rupp, S., Rysavy, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schön, H., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwarz, J., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Skasyrskaya, A., Slezak, M., Spalek, A., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thümmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Venos, D., Valerius, K., VanDevender, B. A., Vianden, R., Hernandez, A. P. Vizcaya, Wall, B. L., Wüstling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wierman, K. J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zacher, M., Zadorozhny, S., Zboril, M., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report on the neutrino mass measurement result from the first four-week science run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment KATRIN in spring 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are energy analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic endpoint at 18.57 keV gives an effective neutrino mass square value of $(-1.0^{+0.9}_{-1.1})$ eV$^2$. From this we derive an upper limit of 1.1 eV (90$\%$ confidence level) on the absolute mass scale of neutrinos. This value coincides with the KATRIN sensitivity. It improves upon previous mass limits from kinematic measurements by almost a factor of two and provides model-independent input to cosmological studies of structure formation.

Published
2019
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5. First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium

Author

Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Barrett, J., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fuchs, D., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Minh, M. Ha, Heizmann, F., Heizmann, J., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lebert, M., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Megas, F., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Meier, M., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Müller, K., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steven, M., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The determination of the neutrino mass is one of the major challenges in astroparticle physics today. Direct neutrino mass experiments, based solely on the kinematics of beta-decay, provide a largely model-independent probe to the neutrino mass scale. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to directly measure the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV 90% CL. In this work we report on the first operation of KATRIN with tritium which took place in 2018. During this commissioning phase of the tritium circulation system, excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction with the recorded spectra was found and stable conditions over a time period of 13 days could be established. These results are an essential prerequisite for the subsequent neutrino mass measurements with KATRIN in 2019.

Published
2019
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6. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author

Aker, M, Altenmüller, K, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Bouquet, H, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Díaz Barrero, D, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, F, Franklin, GB, Frankrone, H, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Hartmann, J, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Heizmann, J, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Holzapfel, B, Holzmann, S, Houdy, T, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Kuffner, B, Kunka, N, Lasserre, T, La Cascio, L, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Letnev, J, Leven, F, Le, TL, Lichter, S, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Menshikov, A, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Müller, K, Naumann, U, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Noe, M, Ortjohann, HW, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, and Pollithy, A

Subjects
Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)-neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2eV/c2 by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium β-decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic (MAC-E) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, creating a Penning trap is unavoidable when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, “electron catchers” were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background.

Published
2020

7. First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium

Author

Aker, M, Altenmüller, K, Arenz, M, Baek, WJ, Barrett, J, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Bouquet, H, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Díaz Barrero, D, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Frankrone, H, Friedel, F, Fuchs, D, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Hartmann, J, Haußmann, N, Ha-Minh, M, Heizmann, F, Heizmann, J, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Holzapfel, B, Holzmann, S, Houdy, T, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Kuffner, B, Kunka, N, Lasserre, T, La Cascio, L, Lebeda, O, Lebert, M, Lehnert, B, Letnev, J, Leven, F, Le, TL, Lichter, S, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Megas, F, Melzer, C, Menshikov, A, Mertens, S, and Meier, M

Subjects
Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

The determination of the neutrino mass is one of the major challenges in astroparticle physics today. Direct neutrino mass experiments, based solely on the kinematics of β -decay, provide a largely model-independent probe to the neutrino mass scale. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to directly measure the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2eV (90 % CL). In this work we report on the first operation of KATRIN with tritium which took place in 2018. During this commissioning phase of the tritium circulation system, excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction with the recorded spectra was found and stable conditions over a time period of 13 days could be established. These results are an essential prerequisite for the subsequent neutrino mass measurements with KATRIN in 2019.

Published
2020

8. Development of a silicon drift detector array to search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos with the KATRIN experiment.

Author

Siegmann, D, Edzards, F, Bruch, C, Biassoni, M, Carminati, M, Descher, M, Fiorini, C, Forstner, C, Gavin, A, Gugiatti, M, Hiller, R, Hinz, D, Houdy, T, Huber, A, King, P, Lechner, P, Lichter, S, Mießner, D, Nava, A, and Onillon, A

Subjects
STERILE neutrinos, SILICON detectors, NEUTRINOS, FOCAL plane arrays sensors, NEUTRINO detectors, NEUTRINO mass, DARK matter
Abstract

Sterile neutrinos in the keV mass range present a viable candidate for dark matter. They can be detected through single β -decay, where they cause small spectral distortions. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims to search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos with high sensitivity. To achieve this, the KATRIN beamline will be equipped with a novel multi-pixel silicon drift detector focal plane array named TRISTAN. In this study, we present the performance of a TRISTAN detector module, a component of the eventual 9-module system. Our investigation encompasses spectroscopic aspects such as noise performance, energy resolution, linearity, and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. What’s So Funny?

Author

Lichter, S. Robert, primary, Baumgartner, Jody C, additional, Morris, Jonathan S., additional, and Amundson, Daniel, additional

Published
2018
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21. Politics Is a Joke!

Author

Lichter, S. Robert, primary, Baumgartner, Jody C, additional, Morris, Jonathan S., additional, and Amundson, Daniel, additional

Published
2018
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25. Laughing Matters

Author

Lichter, S. Robert, primary, Baumgartner, Jody C, additional, Morris, Jonathan S., additional, and Amundson, Daniel, additional

Published
2018
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29. Politics and Professional Advancement

Author

Rothman, Stanley, Nevitte, Neil, and Lichter, S. Robert

Abstract

Apparently, the department of agriculture is the last bastion for ideological pluralism in the modern American academy. Almost everywhere else, according to research by Stanley Rothman et al., a monolithic liberal orthodoxy holds sway, rewarding its own and conferring career disadvantage upon scholars deemed politically inconvenient. As his acceptance address for the NAS's highest award, Professor Rothman proffers statistical corroboration, from his team's survey analyses, of the anecdotal impression that many who aspire to the centers of intellectual curiosity are excluded simply for thinking different thoughts. (Contains 17 notes and 4 tables.)

Published
2005
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33. Howard Beach Youth: A Study of Racial and Ethnic Attitudes.

Author

Center for Media and Public Affairs, Washington, DC., Lichter, Linda S., and Lichter, S. Robert

Abstract

This assessment of the climate of racial and ethnic attitudes in Howard Beach (New York) was conducted at John Adams High School, the public school attended by the greatest number of high school children in the Howard Beach community. The survey of 1,217 students was administered in December, 1986, several weeks before the incident in which a number of Blacks were beaten and one died in Howard Beach. Results of the survey revealed a significant amount of racial and ethnic tolerance as well as tensions. Large majorities of all White groups reported that neither they nor their parents discouraged contacts with non-Whites. While students report a high perception of tolerance in their home environment, in school many students perceived the existence of racial and ethnic problems. The schools' three largest minority groups--Italians, Blacks, and Hispanics--elicited the highest rates of negative stereotyping. Findings demonstrated the complexity of prejudice. There was no consistent pattern of racial cleavage. (PS)

Published
1987

34. Does Hollywood Hate Business or Money?

Author

Lichter, S. Robert

Abstract

Uses content analysis of television characters in all occupations across 30 seasons to test the argument that television entertainment depicts business negatively. Reaffirms that television stigmatizes the occupation of business, independently of economic factors. Notes that these results pose a challenge to mass communications theory that interprets popular culture as a source of social control. (SR)

Published
1997

45. An extended presidential honeymoon? coverage of Barack Obama in the New York Times during 2009 and 2010

Author

Farnsworth, Stephen J. and Lichter, S. Robert

Subjects
The New York Times (Newspaper), Content analysis (Communication), Press and politics -- Analysis, Political science
Abstract

Content analysis of front page New York Times stories during the first and second years of the Barack Obama presidency revealed news coverage that was far more positive in tone than the norm for recent U.S. presidents, particularly with respect to foreign policy coverage. While coverage of Obama was somewhat less positive during 2010 when compared to 2009, the Obama findings overall reveal a much longer honeymoon than seen in the past. Coverage of specific problematic policy areas, like offshore drilling issues in the wake of the BP oil spill, was particularly negative. Coverage of arms control matters was very positive in tone in 2010 for Obama, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009. Keywords: Political Communications, Political News Coverage, New York Times, Barack Obama, Presidential Honeymoon, Press-Presidential Relations. Durante los primeros dos anos de su presidencia Barack Obama gozo de una cobertura muy positiva comparada con la de sus antecesores en sus respectivos primeros bienios. Esto es lo que destaca un analisis de contenido de primeras planas del New York Times que comprende el periodo mencionado. A pesar de que el ano 2010 (segundo ano) fue menos positivo que 2009, el analisis de contenido revela que la presidencia de Obama se distingue de la de sus antecesores por haber logrado la luna de miel mas prolongada con la opinion publica. La cobertura de areas problematicas de politicas como la perforacion de pozos marinos en la etapa inicial del derrame de BP en el Golfo de Mexico fue particularmente negativa. En contraste, la cobertura de la politica de control de armas fue muy positiva, como tambien lo fue el que Obama recibiera el Premio Nobel 2009., Barack Obama was the first president in years to enjoy a 'honeymoon' in the mass media during his first months in office (Farnsworth and Lichter 2006, 2011b, 2012). Newspaper and [...]

Published
2013

47. The design, construction, and commissioning of the KATRIN experiment

Author

Aker, M., additional, Altenmüller, K., additional, Amsbaugh, J.F., additional, Arenz, M., additional, Babutzka, M., additional, Bast, J., additional, Bauer, S., additional, Bechtler, H., additional, Beck, M., additional, Beglarian, A., additional, Behrens, J., additional, Bender, B., additional, Berendes, R., additional, Berlev, A., additional, Besserer, U., additional, Bettin, C., additional, Bieringer, B., additional, Blaum, K., additional, Block, F., additional, Bobien, S., additional, Böttcher, M., additional, Bohn, J., additional, Bokeloh, K., additional, Bolz, H., additional, Bornschein, B., additional, Bornschein, L., additional, Bouquet, H., additional, Boyd, N.M., additional, Brunst, T., additional, Burritt, T.H., additional, Caldwell, T.S., additional, Chaoui, Z., additional, Chilingaryan, S., additional, Choi, W., additional, Corona, T.J., additional, Cox, G.A., additional, Debowski, K., additional, Deffert, M., additional, Descher, M., additional, Díaz Barrero, D., additional, Doe, P.J., additional, Dragoun, O., additional, Drexlin, G., additional, Dunmore, J.A., additional, Dyba, S., additional, Edzards, F., additional, Eichelhardt, F., additional, Eitel, K., additional, Ellinger, E., additional, Engel, R., additional, Enomoto, S., additional, Erhard, M., additional, Eversheim, D., additional, Fedkevych, M., additional, Felden, A., additional, Fischer, S., additional, Formaggio, J.A., additional, Fränkle, F.M., additional, Franklin, G.B., additional, Frenzel, H., additional, Friedel, F., additional, Fulst, A., additional, Gauda, K., additional, Gehring, R., additional, Gil, W., additional, Glück, F., additional, Görhardt, S., additional, Grimm, J., additional, Grössle, R., additional, Groh, S., additional, Grohmann, S., additional, Gumbsheimer, R., additional, Hackenjos, M., additional, Häßler, D., additional, Hannen, V., additional, Harms, F., additional, Harper, G.C., additional, Hartmann, J., additional, Haußmann, N., additional, Heizmann, F., additional, Helbing, K., additional, Held, M., additional, Hickford, S., additional, Hilk, D., additional, Hillen, B., additional, Hiller, R., additional, Hillesheimer, D., additional, Hinz, D., additional, Höhn, T., additional, Hötzel, M., additional, Holzmann, S., additional, Horn, S., additional, Houdy, T., additional, Howe, M.A., additional, Huber, A., additional, James, T., additional, Jansen, A., additional, Kaiser, M., additional, Karl, C., additional, Kazachenko, O., additional, Kellerer, J., additional, Kippenbrock, L., additional, Kleesiek, M., additional, Kleifges, M., additional, Kleinfeller, J., additional, Klein, M., additional, Köhler, C., additional, Köllenberger, L., additional, Kopmann, A., additional, Korzeczek, M., additional, Kosmider, A., additional, Kovalík, A., additional, Krasch, B., additional, Krause, H., additional, Kraus, M., additional, Kuckert, L., additional, Kumb, A., additional, Kunka, N., additional, Lasserre, T., additional, La Cascio, L., additional, Lebeda, O., additional, Leber, M.L., additional, Lehnert, B., additional, Leiber, B., additional, Letnev, J., additional, Lewis, R.J., additional, Le, T.L., additional, Lichter, S., additional, Lokhov, A., additional, Lopez Poyato, J.M., additional, Machatschek, M., additional, Malcherek, E., additional, Mark, M., additional, Marsteller, A., additional, Martin, E.L., additional, Mehret, K., additional, Meloni, M., additional, Melzer, C., additional, Menshikov, A., additional, Mertens, S., additional, Minter (née Bodine), L.I., additional, Monreal, B., additional, Mostafa, J., additional, Müller, K., additional, Myers, A.W., additional, Naumann, U., additional, Neumann, H., additional, Niemes, S., additional, Oelpmann, P., additional, Off, A., additional, Ortjohann, H.-W., additional, Osipowicz, A., additional, Ostrick, B., additional, Parno, D.S., additional, Peterson, D.A., additional, Plischke, P., additional, Poon, A.W.P., additional, Prall, M., additional, Priester, F., additional, Ranitzsch, P.C.-O., additional, Reich, J., additional, Renschler, P., additional, Rest, O., additional, Rinderspacher, R., additional, Robertson, R.G.H., additional, Rodejohann, W., additional, Rodenbeck, C., additional, Röllig, M., additional, Röttele, C., additional, Rohr, P., additional, Rupp, S., additional, Ryšavý, M., additional, Sack, R., additional, Saenz, A., additional, Sagawe, M., additional, Schäfer, P., additional, Schaller (née Pollithy), A., additional, Schimpf, L., additional, Schlösser, K., additional, Schlösser, M., additional, Schlüter, L., additional, Schneidewind, S., additional, Schön, H., additional, Schönung, K., additional, Schrank, M., additional, Schulz, B., additional, Schwarz, J., additional, Šefčík, M., additional, Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., additional, Seller, W., additional, Sibille, V., additional, Siegmann, D., additional, Slezák, M., additional, Spanier, F., additional, Steidl, M., additional, Sturm, M., additional, Sun, M., additional, Tcherniakhovski, D., additional, Telle, H.H., additional, Thorne, L.A., additional, Thümmler, T., additional, Titov, N., additional, Tkachev, I., additional, Trost, N., additional, Urban, K., additional, Valerius, K., additional, VanDevender, B.A., additional, Van Wechel, T.D., additional, Vénos, D., additional, Verbeek, A., additional, Vianden, R., additional, Vizcaya Hernández, A.P., additional, Vogt, K., additional, Wall, B.L., additional, Wandkowsky, N., additional, Weber, M., additional, Weingardt, H., additional, Weinheimer, C., additional, Weiss, C., additional, Welte, S., additional, Wendel, J., additional, Wierman, K.J., additional, Wilkerson, J.F., additional, Wolf, J., additional, Wüstling, S., additional, Xu, W., additional, Yen, Y.-R., additional, Zacher, M., additional, Zadoroghny, S., additional, Zboril, M., additional, and Zeller, G., additional

Published
2021
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48. Neutral tritium gas reduction in the KATRIN differential pumping sections

Author

KATRIN Collaboration, Marsteller, A., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Drexlin, G., Friedel, F., Gehring, R., Grohmann, S., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Jansen, A., Kosmider, A., LaCascio, L., Lichter, S., Müller, K., Priester, F., Rinderspacher, R., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Sharipov, F., Sturm, M., Welte, S., and Wolf, J.

Subjects
Technology, Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Orders of magnitude (temperature), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Superconducting magnet, Tritium, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, TPMC simulation, 0103 physical sciences, KATRIN experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, 010302 applied physics, Tritium illumination, Vacuum measurement, Spectrometer, Pumping speed, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Gas flow, Beamline, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Neutrino, 0210 nano-technology, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, ddc:600, KATRIN
Abstract

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to measure the effective electron anti-neutrino mass with an unprecedented sensitivity of $0.2\,\mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{c}^2$, using $\beta$-electrons from tritium decay. The electrons are guided magnetically by a system of superconducting magnets through a vacuum beamline from the windowless gaseous tritium source through differential and cryogenic pumping sections to a high resolution spectrometer and a segmented silicon pin detector. At the same time tritium gas has to be prevented from entering the spectrometer. Therefore, the pumping sections have to reduce the tritium flow by more than 14 orders of magnitude. This paper describes the measurement of the reduction factor of the differential pumping section performed with high purity tritium gas during the first measurement campaigns of the KATRIN experiment. The reduction factor results are compared with previously performed simulations, as well as the stringent requirements of the KATRIN experiment., Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Vacuum

Published
2021
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49. Authors' response: improving news coverage in the 2012 presidential campaign and beyond

Author

Farnsworth, Stephen J. and Lichter, S. Robert

Subjects
Press and politics -- Research, Television broadcasting of news -- Research, Presidents -- Elections, Political science
Abstract

Recently, Politics & Policy published an article presenting our findings that reveal President Barack Obama received something of a media honeymoon in The New York Times, a sharp contrast from that influential newspaper's first-year coverage of Reagan, Clinton, and George W. Bush. Our findings triggered a thoughtful column concerning political coverage by the Times' public editor, Arthur S. Brisbane, which in turn led to extensive online discussions of media bias. In the interest of continuing this discussion and encouraging more substantive, even-handed, and informative news in the ongoing presidential campaign, this short response offers suggestions about what we regard as the two key problems of contemporary journalism: that the media are too focused on the sports of politics ('the horse-race') at the expense of issue-based coverage, and that media outlets sometimes play favorites in the tone of coverage. Keywords: Presidential News Coverage, Political Communications, Media, Parties, Elections, Voting, Political Institutions, 2012 Presidential Campaign, Barack Obama. Recientemente, Politics & Policy publico un articulo presentando resultados nuestros que revelan que el presidente Barak Obama recibio una especie de luna de miel en el periodico The New York Times, mostrando un gran contraste en la cobertura del primer ano de Reagan, Clinton y George W. Bush. Nuestros resultados provocaron una nota editorial reflexiva por parte del editor publico del Times Arthur S. Brisbane, quien a su vez desencadeno extensas discusiones en linea sobre la imparcialidad de los medios de comunicacion. Con el interes de continuar esta discusion y fomentar noticias mas sustanciales, imparciales e informativas en la actual campana presidencial, este breve ensayo ofrece sugerencias respecto a lo que consideramos los dos problemas clave del periodismo contemporaneo: que los medios estan muy enfocados en el deporte de la politica (o 'the horse-race') a expensas de reportajes basados en problemas y que los medios de comunicacion algunas veces muestran un tono de favoritismo en sus coberturas., As reporters and editors cover the 2012 general election, we would all be better off if they try to improve news content over that provided four years ago. Even though [...]

Published
2012

50. News coverage of new presidents in The New York Times, 1981-2009

Author

Farnsworth, Stephen J. and Lichter, S. Robert

Subjects
The New York Times (Newspaper) -- Criticism and interpretation, Newspapers -- Criticism and interpretation, Political science
Abstract

Content analysis of front-page The New York Times stories during the first year of the Barack Obama presidency revealed news coverage that was far more positive in tone than that received during the first year of the Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush presidencies. Overall, the Obama findings reveal a media honeymoon in that influential newspaper, a sharp contrast from first-year coverage of other presidents during the modern era of a more combative press. The positive policy coverage Obama received in the Times was also significantly more positive than on evening newscasts of network television and on Fox News' Special Report. Keywords: Political Communications, Media Honeymoon, Presidential News Coverage, the Presidency, Obama, George W. Bush, Reagan, New York Times, Fox News. Un analisis de los reportajes en primera plana del New York Times durante el primer ano de presidencia de Barack Obama revelo reportajes con un tono mucho mas positivo que aquel recibido durante el primer ano de las presidencias de Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton y George W. Bush. En conjunto, estos hallazgos muestran una luna de miel del influyente periodico con Barack Obama, un marcado contraste con la cobertura que recibieron otros presidentes durante la era moderna de una prensa mas competitiva. La positiva cobertura que Obama recibio del Times tambien fue significativamente mas positiva que la recibida por noticieros vespertinos en cadenas televisivas y en el programa Fox News' Special Report., New presidents once enjoyed a 'honeymoon' in the mass media. Newspaper and television reporters, perhaps anxious to endear themselves to new White House staffers who could become regular sources, provided [...]

Published
2012

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