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AbstractObjective The brain neuromechanism in maintenance hemodialysis patients (MHD) with cognitive impairment (CI) remains unclear. The study aimed to probe the relationship between spontaneous brain activity and CI by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data.Methods Here, 55 MHD patients with CI and 28 healthy controls were recruited. For baseline data, qualitative data were compared between groups using the χ2 test; quantitative data were compared between groups using the independent samples t-test, ANOVA test, Mann–Whitney U-test, or Kruskal–Wallis test. Comparisons of ALFF/fALFF/ReHo values among the three groups were calculated by using the DPABI toolbox, and then analyzing the correlation with clinical variables. p

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of delayed encephalopathy in patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) and to investigate the clinical significance and clinical value.Methods:The baseline data from 68 patients admitted in the 981st Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force were collected, including sex, age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), history of smoking/drinking, history of DEACMP. Laboratory examination records including cranial CT/MRI, cervical vascular color ultrasonography, cardiac color ultrasonography, blood biochemical markers, blood routine, and blood coagulation function were also collected. Additionally, patients were followed-up visited at 1 month and 6 months. Patients were divided into either the DEACMP group or the NDEACMP group according to the occurrence of DEACMP. The risk factors of DEACMP were identified by univariate and logistic regression analyses. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of each index were compared by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:Among the 68 patients, 13 patients suffered from DEACMP with an incidence of 19.1%. Univariate analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences in patients’ age, blood glucose, blood glucose/potassium, GCS scores, abnormal cranial CT/MRI, and coma time more than 4 h (P B, SE, Wald, df, P, Exp (B) of GCS score were -0.489, 0.208, 5.55, 1, 0.018 and 0.634, respectively. Overall, GCS score is correlated with DEACMP’s occurrence. ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity, specificity, and the AUC of GCS scores were 0.769, 0.873 and 0.843, respectively. The AUC of the indices in descending order are: GCS score, blood glucose, blood glucose/potassium and age.Conclusion:GCS score, blood glucose, blood glucose/potassium, and age are useful predictive factors for the occurrence of DEACMP. Among these, GCS score is the most significant predictive factor.

ObjectiveThis study compared the clinical efficacy and safety of argatroban and alteplase in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 131 patients admitted for acute cerebral infarction within 48 h of onset from 1 December 2018 to 1 May 2021. The patients were divided according to treatment (i.e., the argatroban and alteplase groups). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (before treatment, at 24 h, and at 3, 7, and 14 days), 14-day response rate, 3-month modified Rankin Scale score (mRS), activities of daily living (ADL) score, prognosis, and adverse events during treatment were compared.ResultsSixty-two and 69 patients were enrolled in the alteplase and argatroban groups, respectively, and both had comparable baseline data. The NIHSS scores of the alteplase group decreased significantly before and after treatment (24 h and at 3, 7, and 14 days), whereas those of the alteplase group decreased most rapidly after 24 h of administration. The argatroban group showed no significant changes in NIHSS score in the first 7 days after treatment until day 14, at which it significantly decreased. Statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed in four points (P vs. 65.2%; χ2 = 131; P = 0.001). The 3-month mRS, ADL and pre-treatment comparisons were statistically significant in the two groups (P P > 0.05). Furthermore, the outcomes at 3 months after treatment in both groups did not vary significantly (alteplase vs. argatroban: 48/62 vs. 51/69; χ2 = 0.217; P = 0.641). Adverse events during treatment included gingival bleeding (two patients), positive fecal occult blood (two patients), and minor intracranial blood ooze (one patient) in the alteplase group, whereas no adverse events (e.g., bleeding and shock) were noted in the argatroban group.ConclusionThe short-term efficacy of argatroban in improving neurological function in patients with acute cerebral infarction was significantly lower than that of alteplase. However, the long-term efficacy at 3 months of treatment was comparably significant to that of alteplase with fewer adverse events.

The chemical composition of biominerals is essential for understanding biomineral formation and is regarded as an attractive subject in bio-mineralogical research on human kidney stones (urinary calculi). In order to obtain more geochemically interpreted data on biogenic minerals, mineralogical compositions and major and trace element concentrations of sixty-six kidney stone samples derived from kidney stone removal surgeries were measured. Infrared spectroscopy results showed that calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) were the two main mineral components of kidney stones. Geochemical results indicated that major and trace element concentrations were present in the following order: Ca > Mg > Na > K > Zn > Fe > Pb > Ba > Cu > Ti > Mo > Cd > Cr. With the exception of Ca, Mg was the second-most abundant element. Zn exhibited higher concentrations relative to other trace elements, which suggests a potential substitution of calcium by metal ions with a similar charge and radius rather than by metals in kidney stone formation. Pb appeared in significantly higher concentrations than in previous studies, which indicates Pb enrichment in the environment. In order to discern multi-element relationships within kidney stones, principal component analysis was applied. Three principal components (PCs, eigenvalues >1) were extracted to explain 64.4% of the total variance. The first component exhibited positively correlated Na-Zn-Cr-Mo-Cd-Pb, while the second component exhibited more positively weighted Mg-K-Ba-Ti. Fe-Cu demonstrated a positive correlation in the third component. This study suggests that Ca exhibits a preference for uptake by oxalates during human urinary stone crystallization, while other alkali metals and alkaline earth metals precipitate with phosphate.

Background: To investigate the potential prognostic role of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) using the method of systematic review and meta-analysis.Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for eligible studies up to February 2020. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the relationship.Results: A total of 14 studies including 4,009 patients with UC were incorporated. The results showed that a high pretreatment serum LDH was associated with an inferior overall survival (OS, HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.39–1.87, p < 0.001), cancer-specific survival (CSS, HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.05–1.90, p = 0.022), and disease-free survival (DFS, HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.04–2.59, p = 0.034) in UC. Subgroup analyses identified that a high pretreatment serum LDH was associated with a poor OS (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.02–3.81, p = 0.042) and DFS (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.04–2.59, p = 0.034) in upper tract urothelial carcinoma, a short OS (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.37–2.15, p < 0.001) in urothelial carcinoma of bladder.Conclusion: Our findings indicated that a high level of pretreatment serum LDH was associated with inferior OS, CSS, and DFS in patients with UC. This biomarker can be an important factor incorporated into the prognostic models for UC.

In the real world, there are many different kinds of sources, such as light, sound, and gas, distributed randomly over an area. Source search can be carried out by robotic system in applications. However, for a single robot, the multisource search has been receiving relatively little attention compared to single-source search. For multisource task searching, a single robot has a high travel cost and is easy to trap a source which has been located before. In order to overcome these shortages, two multisource search algorithms inspired by the foraging behavior of Physarum polycephalum are proposed in this paper. First, a Physarum-inspired Strategy (PS) is designed based on the gradient climbing characteristic of Physarum polycephalum during foraging. The PS is simple and effective to let a mobile robot traverse all sources. Then, an extension algorithm named Physarum-inspired Decision-making Strategy (PDS) is proposed based on PS. Therein the synthetical field gradient model is established by introducing decision-making factor to obtain more accurate gradient information estimation. The PDS also introduces an obstacle avoidance model. Various simulation results obtained in the multisource environments show that the performance of PDS is better than other algorithms.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protects retinal ganglion cells against ischemia in ocular degenerative diseases. We aimed to determine the effect of BDNF-AS on the ischemic injury of retinal ganglion cells.The levels of BDNF and BDNF-AS were measured in retinal ganglion cells subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation. The lentiviral vectors were constructed to either overexpress or knock out BDNF-AS. The luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine whether BDNF-AS could target its seed sequence on BDNF mRNA. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to determine cell viability, and TUNEL staining was used for cell apoptosis.The levels of BDNF-AS were negatively correlated with BDNF in ischemic retinal ganglion cells. BDNF-AS directly targeted its complementary sequences on BDNF mRNA. BDNF-AS regulated the expression of BDNF and its related genes in retinal ganglion cells. Down-regulation of BDNF-AS increased cell viability and decreased the number of TUNEL-positive retinal ganglion cells under oxygen and glucose deprivation conditions.Inhibition of BDNF-AS protected retinal ganglion cells against ischemia by increasing the levels of BDNF.

XPC-RAD23B (XPC) plays a critical role in human nucleotide excision repair (hNER) as this complex recognizes DNA adducts to initiate NER. To determine the mutagenic potential of structurally different bulky DNA damages, various studies have been conducted to define the correlation of XPC-DNA damage equilibrium binding affinity with NER efficiency. However, little is known about the effects of XPC-DNA damage recognition kinetics on hNER. Although association of XPC is important, our current work shows that the XPC-DNA dissociation rate also plays a pivotal role in achieving NER efficiency. We characterized for the first time the binding of XPC to mono- versus di-AAF-modified sequences by using the real time monitoring surface plasmon resonance technique. Strikingly, the half-life (t1/2 or the retention time of XPC in association with damaged DNA) shares an inverse relationship with NER efficiency. This is particularly true when XPC remained bound to clustered adducts for a much longer period of time as compared to mono-adducts. Our results suggest that XPC dissociation from the damage site could become a rate-limiting step in NER of certain types of DNA adducts, leading to repression of NER.

We report our experimental results and theoretical analysis on carrier escape time in In0.4Ga0.6As1 -yNy/GaAs (y = 0; 0.005) ridge waveguide single-quantum-well (QW) lasers with N-contents of 0% and 0.5%. The experiments were carried out by using novel time-resolved two-color pump-probe transmission measurements. Our results show a significant decrease of carrier escape time with nitrogen incorporation in the InGaAsN QW, which agrees well with the values obtained from the theoretical calculation based on thermally activated hole leakage. The measurement results provide experimental supports for hole leakage theory.

The time evolution of the photoluminescence (PL) of 1300-nm emitting InGaAsN/ GaAs/GaAsP strain-compensated single quantum well (QW) in the temperature range of T 1/4 10 K - 300 K is investigated. The PL spectra observed at the early stages of carrier recombination is dominated by two transitions. These two transitions are identified as the first quantized electron state to heavy-hole state (e1-hh1) and electron to light-hole state (e1-lh1) from the analysis of polarized photocurrent measurements in combination with k · p simulation of the band structure. At longer time delays, the dilute-nitride QW exhibits carrier localization at low temperatures and faster recombination time at higher temperatures. The PL dynamics characteristics observed in the InGaAsN QW are different from those measured from the InGaAs QW.

文章對中華人民共和國成立以來，中國大陸非國有書業發展歷程進行了系統回顧與分析。作者將1949年以來大陸書業的發展以1980年為界劃分為前後兩個階 段，前一階段為非國有書業的限制發展時期；後一階段為鼓勵發展時期。文章重點分析了1980年以來大陸非國有書業發展的三個步驟，即1980年非國有經濟 開始進入圖書零售領域；1988年非國有經濟得以進入圖書二級批發環節；2003年圖書的總發行權和全國連鎖經營權的大門開始向非國有經濟敞開。This article reviews and analyzes the brief history of the Non-state-owned Book Industry on the Mainland of P. R. China since 1949, which is divided into two stages by the year of 1980. The first phase is a restriction period and the second one is an encouragement period. The article focuses especially on the 3 steps of the second stage, namely: firstly, Non-state-owned enterprises was permitted to enter the book retailing sector in 1980; secondly, Second level wholesale right could he delegated to privately-owned enterprises in 1988; thirdly, general distribution right and the chain bookstores operation right were opened tip to the Non-state-owned enterprises.

Multiobjective optimization involves minimizing or maximizing multiple objective functions subject to a set of constraints. In this study, a novel constrained multiobjective biogeography optimization algorithm (CMBOA) is proposed. It is the first biogeography optimization algorithm for constrained multiobjective optimization. In CMBOA, a disturbance migration operator is designed to generate diverse feasible individuals in order to promote the diversity of individuals on Pareto front. Infeasible individuals nearby feasible region are evolved to feasibility by recombining with their nearest nondominated feasible individuals. The convergence of CMBOA is proved by using probability theory. The performance of CMBOA is evaluated on a set of 6 benchmark problems and experimental results show that the CMBOA performs better than or similar to the classical NSGA-II and IS-MOEA.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate the clinical value of pelvic diameter in the evaluation of surgical difficulty and selection of the best surgical plan for exogenous cervical leiomyomas. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five patients with exogenous cervical leiomyomas admitted to our hospital from 2012 to 2021 were enrolled. All patients underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging examination before surgery and received surgical treatment within 1 week. Relevant clinical data were collected. According to the surgical approach, they were divided into two groups: the laparoscopic group and the laparotomy group. The clinical significance of the pelvic diameter line in the surgical selection of exogenous cervical leiomyomas was discussed by retrospective analysis of the correlation between the pelvic diameter line and the collected clinical indicators. Results: There was no significant difference in tumor location and pelvic diameter between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in tumor diameter and the ratio of tumor diameter line to pelvic diameter line (P < 0.05). In addition, the laparoscopic group underwent more myomectomy than hysterectomy and lost more blood during operation (P < 0.05).The postoperative index showed that patients in the laparotomy group had a higher proportion of full of cellular leiomyoma, higher postoperative temperature, and longer postoperative exhaust time (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The ratio of the tumor diameter line to the pelvic diameter line is correlated with the surgical plan selection of exogenous cervical leiomyomas, which may be used to evaluate the surgical difficulty of these patients and the selection of the suitable surgical plan.

The conditions leading to China's attempts to enter the global publication market and evaluates the performance of Chinese government agencies and publishing firms in their going-global strategies is discussed.