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Introduction: Sampling for describing plant-pollinator interaction networks has been performed using techniques that either focus on the plants (with flowervisit data) or the animals (with analyzing pollen on the body surface of flower visitors). The differences in the structure of the networks obtained using these methods likely influences our understanding of the contribution of nocturnal pollinators, yet this key finding has yet to be the focus of study. Methods: In this study, we conducted an intensive diurnal field survey in the subalpine meadows of the Dajiuhu Wetland and supplemented the data with an analysis of diurnal and nocturnal pollen data to examine the changes in pollination networks. Results: We observed 41 plant and 154 pollinator species, corresponding to 665 specific interactions. Visitation and pollen analyses showed significant differences in the composition and interaction between network plants and pollinators, resulting in important structural changes in the network. Given that the diurnal pollen data showed new links that were preferentially attached to highly connected nodes, the level of asymmetric specialization did not decrease; however, nestedness increased 1.3-fold, and mean pollinator connectivity from 3.1 to 5.1. As the behaviors of nocturnal pollinators tended to be more specialized, the inclusion of nocturnal pollen data led to an increase in the number of extreme-specialist pollinator species. Consequently, nestedness decreased 0.8-fold, but mean plant connectivity went from 14.2 to 16.2. Discussion: These findings suggest that the structure of pollination networks is influenced by the sampling methods and the level of detail of the investigation. Our study has strong implications for the development of monitoring schemes for plant-pollinator interactions. Due to the practical difficulties of nocturnal field visitation, when conducting research, combining diurnal field visitation with both diurnal and nocturnal pollen analyses is the most convenient and realistic method to capture the full complexity of these networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bonefishes and other elopomorphs have a unique, transparent leptocephalus larval stage that is challenging to study due to its cryptic nature. Understanding life history is important especially considering adult bonefishes in Hawaiʻi are highly sought gamefish valued for their tenacious fight on rod-and-reel and delicate taste. In this study light traps were used to capture leptocephali at three nearshore locations around Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi. Across 130 + h of trapping, 59 larvae were captured, most during 2000–2100 h on rising tides. Lengths ranged from 54 to 66 mm, indicating late stage I larvae. Otolith analyses (N = 26) revealed ages from 28 to 72 days with an average age of about 48 days. Genetic species identification on a subset of the larvae showed that one of 28 total specimens was Albula virgata, which is endemic to Hawaiʻi, and the remaining were the Indo-Pacific A. glossodonta. Along with calm inshore waters, estuarine habitat appears to be a critical element for leptocephali recruitment success. Reducing impacts to these estuarine habitats and protecting and restoring freshwater input may have positive impacts on leptocephali recruitment, the essential starting point for thriving bonefish fisheries in Hawaiʻi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As evidence of global insect declines continues to mount, insect conservationists are becoming increasingly interested in modeling the demographic history of at-risk species from long-term survey data. However, certain entomological survey methods may be susceptible to temporal biases that will complicate these efforts. Entomological light traps, in particular, may catch fewer insects today than they once did due solely to increases in anthropogenic light pollution. Here we investigate this possibility by comparing the demographic histories of corn earworm moths (Helicoverpa zea) estimated from pairs of blacklight and pheromone traps monitored at the same farms. We find a stark decline in blacklight trap efficacy over 25 years of monitoring in Delaware, USA, mirrored over 10 years of monitoring in New Jersey, USA. While the precise causes of this decline remain a subject for discussion, the practical consequences are clear: insect conservationists cannot fully rely on long-term trends from entomological light traps. Implications for insect conservation: H. zea populations appear to have remained largely stable over the past 25 years when assessed using pheromone trap data; when assessed using blacklight trap data, however, they appear to have declined precipitously. This disparity is consistent with a gradual loss in light trap efficacy due to concomitant increases in anthropogenic light pollution. Unfortunately, many nocturnal insects of conservation concern have historically been monitored via light traps alone. Going forward, insect conservationists should seek out alternative sources of monitoring data against which to calibrate estimates of demographic history obtained from light traps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractScarabs are pests of horticultural crops in the north-western Himalayan regions. However, our current understanding falls short in comprehending the factors driving the population flare-ups of these pests. We investigated the pest population dynamic of Melolontha sp. Fabricius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Polyphylla sikkimensis Brenske (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) by monitoring seven sites using UV traps and damage caused by them in 2017 and 2018. Melolontha furcicauda (Ancey) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) was the most dominant species, followed by Melolontha Cuprescens Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Melolontha indica Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and P. sikkimensis. The activity of species peaked in July. The highest Shannon (1.35–1.36), Simpson (0.73–0.74) and Pielou’s evenness indices (0.97–0.98) were recorded at Badagaon in both years. Scarab species from Badagaon and Janjehli were similar in species richness and abundance while Palampur and Sangla were most dissimilar. Melolontha indica and M. furcicauda preferred rose the most and M. cuprescens preferred apple. Maximum damage rate of potato (42.5–47.5%), cabbage (26.2–28.8%) and kidney beans (18.7–20.0%) by P. sikkimensis was recorded at Badagaon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Background Analyses of the temporal distribution of mosquitoes are presented in statistical charts, but it is difficult to prove in statistics whether differences in peak periods exist among different years or habitats. This study aimed to investigate the application of circular statistics in determining the peak period and a comparison of differences. Methods Surveillance of adult mosquitoes was conducted twice a month by light traps in five different habitats from March to November for 3 years (2021–2023) in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. The Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to determine the differences in mosquito density among different years and habitats. Circular statistics and line charts were employed to determine the peak period and a comparison of differences. Results Among a total of 14,834 adult mosquitoes comprising five mosquito species from four genera, Culex pipiens pallens was dominant and accounted for 89.6% of the specimens identified. Aedes albopictus, Armigeres subalbatus, and Anopheles sinensis made up 5.7%, 4.2%, and 0.5%, respectively. Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for less than 0.1%. The mean mosquito density (females/trap night) for the trapping period was 10.3 in 2021, 5.6 in 2022, and 3.6 in 2023. Among five habitats, the highest mosquito density was 8.9 in livestock sheds, followed by 6.8 in parks, 5.9 in rural dwellings, 5.5 in urban dwellings, and 5.4 in hospitals. No statistically significant differences were found among different years (H = 1.96, d.f. 2, P = 0.376) and habitats (H = 0.45, d.f. 4, P = 0.978). Overall, the peak period of mosquito activity fell in the months from June to September. The peak period among 3 years differed significantly (F (2,7022) = 119.17, P 0.05). Conclusion Circular statistics could be effectively combined with statistical charts to elucidate the peak period of mosquitoes and determine the differences in statistics among different years and habitats. These findings will provide valuable information for mosquito control and public health management. Graphical Abstract

The study was done to find out what would happen to the number of generations of adult Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) moths if the temperature went up in 2025, 2050, 2075, and 2100. This was done by doing a comparison field study in Sharkyia Governorate for four years, from 2018 to 2021.The adult moths' population recorded nine generations. The general averages of generation time and coefficient variance were 40 ± 17; 35 ± 10 and CV by 42.2; 28.4 days, respectively. The general average of thermal heat units was 556 ± 5; 558 ± 3 and CV by 0.9; 0.5 units, respectively. In the predicted years, in 2025 to 2100, the average generational duration ranged between 33 and 37 days, with a standard deviation ranging between 11 and 14 days, and CV values at 33.5 to 38.3 day less than that in the field study. The generations' time was 48 days in the field study, while the values decreased to 44 days in 2025 and continued to decline in 2050, 2075, and 2100 to 40, 37, and 33 days, respectively. The period for generation growth in the expected years was shorter than in the field study years, so the generations will occur earlier. The thermal constant remained nearly constant across generations and from peak to peak, while the thermal units in the year increased from 5024 units in the average of four years of field study to 5366, 5659, 5881, and 6065 units in the expected years 2025, 2050, 2075, and 2100, respectively. In 2025, S. littoralis adult moths recorded nine generations; it increased to ten in 2050, continued at ten in 2075, and increased to eleven generations in 2100. There is an inverse relationship between temperatures and the number of days required to complete the growth of the generation, that is, the higher the temperature, the fewer the days required to complete the generation period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Analyses of the temporal distribution of mosquitoes are presented in statistical charts, but it is difficult to prove in statistics whether differences in peak periods exist among different years or habitats. This study aimed to investigate the application of circular statistics in determining the peak period and a comparison of differences. Methods: Surveillance of adult mosquitoes was conducted twice a month by light traps in five different habitats from March to November for 3 years (2021–2023) in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. The Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to determine the differences in mosquito density among different years and habitats. Circular statistics and line charts were employed to determine the peak period and a comparison of differences. Results: Among a total of 14,834 adult mosquitoes comprising five mosquito species from four genera, Culex pipiens pallens was dominant and accounted for 89.6% of the specimens identified. Aedes albopictus, Armigeres subalbatus, and Anopheles sinensis made up 5.7%, 4.2%, and 0.5%, respectively. Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for less than 0.1%. The mean mosquito density (females/trap night) for the trapping period was 10.3 in 2021, 5.6 in 2022, and 3.6 in 2023. Among five habitats, the highest mosquito density was 8.9 in livestock sheds, followed by 6.8 in parks, 5.9 in rural dwellings, 5.5 in urban dwellings, and 5.4 in hospitals. No statistically significant differences were found among different years (H = 1.96, d.f. 2, P = 0.376) and habitats (H = 0.45, d.f. 4, P = 0.978). Overall, the peak period of mosquito activity fell in the months from June to September. The peak period among 3 years differed significantly (F(2,7022) = 119.17, P < 0.01), but there were no statistically significant differences in peak period among different habitats (F(4,7020) = −159.09, P > 0.05). Conclusion: Circular statistics could be effectively combined with statistical charts to elucidate the peak period of mosquitoes and determine the differences in statistics among different years and habitats. These findings will provide valuable information for mosquito control and public health management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Date palm borers are among the most important pests of date trees in Iran. This study aimed to determine the population fluctuations of rhinoceros beetles Oryctes sp., infesting the date palm Phoenix doctylifera, using light traps in Mahshar date palm orchards. Samplings were weekly conducted from 2021 to 2022 in two randomly selected date palm orchard. Over two years of monitoring coleopteran adults, two species of the genus Oryctes namely O. agamemnon mathiesseni and O. elegans were observed. The beginning seasonal activity of both univoltine species was middle May, reaching the peaks during summer, and the populations declined gradually till October. In each of research years, one of two species was dominant, so that in the first year, the number of adult beetles of O. agamemnon mathiesseni was significantly more than O. elegans, while in the second year, the number of O. elegans was higher. In both sampling years, the activity of dominant species in that year started earlier, and ended later. A two-year study of the sex ratio in these horned beetles revealed that females outnumbered males substantially (2.5 to 4 times in two years) in the subspecies O. agamemnon mathiesseni. For O. elegans, this ratio ranged from 1.5 times (2021) to 2.5 times (2022). The successful IPM programs are effectively dependent on prediction of the emergence time and population fluctuations of pest insects, and it is hoped that the results of this study will be useful to control of the rhinoceros beetles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The many publications on forests and moth communities accomplished in different sampling regions and habitat types have produced diverse results and conclusions. The multiplicity of outcomes requires regional or local investigations on forest traits and herbivores to determine optimal management methods to maintain biodiversity and ecological stability in woodlands. Our study focused on sessile oak–hornbeam forests, which are economically and ecologically significant in many European countries. Samplings were performed in 2011–2012 using portable light traps in a highly forested area in western Hungary. We used 16 variables for PCA from the sampling of vascular plants and the local forest management plan document. These newly created variables (i.e., principal components) were related (used generalized linear models) to different groups of sampled moth communities: Macrolepidoptera, Microlepidoptera, and ecological groups (according to the host vegetation layer). Based on these significant relations, thinning activity may have various effects on moth communities, through the changed light regime and microclimate conditions. Temperature growth in the gaps could lead to the increasing abundance of heat-preferred Lepidoptera species; however, the decreasing species richness of trees (as a result of thinning) is less favourable for moth assemblages. Increasing herb coverage supports moth communities in the investigated forest stands, which may also be induced by the lower canopy closure. Besides the increasing coverage in the lower vegetation layers, plant species richness is also an important element for moth communities; this was demonstrated by the negative relation between the PC4, PC6 (weighted toward coverage), and Lepidoptera groups. Our results supported the fact that a single study on forest management practice or on vegetation traits is not sufficient to indicate their exact effect on moth communities, because their influence is complex. In order to halt the loss in diversity of the examined forest type, we suggest an overall approach to define the optimal forest management practice and tree mixture rate, regarding a larger area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early life of most decapod crustaceans takes place in the water column as larvae before they settle in benthic habitats. The spatial and temporal variability in the settling of larval stages offers valuable insights into the potential recruitment of natural populations. To explore this, we studied megalopa assemblages at various segments of coastline on El Hierro and Lanzarote islands, both within and outside the Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) of each island. The study spanned four consecutive oceanographic periods in the Canary Islands (NW Africa), employing light traps for sample collection. The low number of recorded species suggested that light traps exhibit selectivity, particularly for megalopae belonging to Portunidae and Grapsidae. El Hierro, which experienced warmer sea surface temperatures, displayed higher megalopa abundance values than Lanzarote and distinct larval assemblages was observed between these two islands. Similarly, we identified significant variations in abundance and species composition between stratified and mixing seasons. These seasonal differences were influenced by the dominance of Achelous hastatus, Percnon gibessi, and Cronius ruber during the stratified season. In Lanzarote, C. ruber was not recorded during the mixing season, suggesting that the colder conditions there may constrain its reproduction. Interestingly, we observed that species traditionally harvested from the intertidal zone for human consumption (Plagusia depressa) or used as bait for recreational fishing (Pachygrapsus spp. and P. gibessi) exhibited highermegalopa abundances within theMPAs. Incontrast,wenoted lowermegalopadensities of the non-indigenous species C. ruber within the protected areas. These results indicate a positive effect ofMPAs controlling indigenous and nonindigenous crab populations. Moreover, the study provides novel data, showing that light traps are suitable formonitoringthe temporaloccurrence, abundance, andspatial distribution of non-indigenous and commercially exploited species. This is key for adopting an ecosystem-based approach to manage marine resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart agriculture is an emerging concept that helps modern farm management using technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, drones, and artificial intelligence, so that this leads to an increase in the quantity and quality of farm products and optimization of human resources. Efforts have been made in the past to control pests and plant diseases, and this has led to an increase in agricultural products. Control and prevention of crop diseases is the least expensive method of pest control, which also has good results in reducing insect pests. This study develops a crop pest control system based on IoT technology, which includes two parts: (1) hardware as a plant protection machine, and (2) software as an information management system. Here, light trap technology and ozone sterilization are incorporated in the proposed system to control insect pests and diseases of agricultural crops. The information management system consists of IoT technology and a mobile app, which provides remote control capability. In this system, several IoT-based sensor devices are responsible for collecting environmental information in real time. The basic routing protocol for the system implementation is Open Shortest Path First. We present a fuzzy logic-based method for energy-aware routing. We proved the effectiveness of the proposed system through implementation on a greenhouse facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nHighlightsMakhana is a popular popped snack in south-east Asia due to its high nutritional value. During storage of roasted makhana seeds, Rhyzopertha dominica found feeding which later found affecting significantly the popping quality. Detailed study elucidated that adults preferred 11 mm size seeds, average 2 grubs and 1 adult per seed was found feeding inside, wherein they bored ∼2 holes, apart from natural hole and caused 49.3% damage in 75 days storage. With an artificial infestation of 150 adults per kg of seed, recorded maximum damage (46.80%) with 4.77 mg of seed dust produced. Insect successfully completed its life cycle on roasted makhana seeds in 100-125 days. Female laid 242 ± 7 eggs at 28 °C, and 210 ± 11 eggs at 32 °C. The infestation led to significant change in seed quality like popping, moisture, ash and crude fibre. The commonly available management strategy like UV light trapping was done, and peak attraction was reported at 8 pm (27%). Study showed feed preference, biology and management option, which can be useful for devising the insect management in makhana storage.Study related to the speciality crop foxnut, commonly called makhana, Euryale ferox, which is having higher commercial importanceRhyzopertha dominica, a polyphagous insect successfully expanded its hosts, and completed its life cycle in 100-125 days on roasted Makhana seedsInsect preferred 11 mm size roasted seeds (49.3 ± 0.50% seeds damaged in 75 days) than those of 7 and 9 mm roasted seeds. Unlike other hosts, showed internal feeding behaviour, affected the quality and popping in a significant wayRhyzopertha dominica can be efficiently trapped using UV light traps (370 ± 10 nm wavelength) in roasted makhana seed storage, which is an effective and non-chemical management option [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he presence of insects, especially nocturnal pests, in corn crops is a significant factor contributing to reduced maize yields. The use of light traps has become an alternative tool for monitoring pest populations at low levels. The color of the light can produce different wavelengths, which affect the attractiveness of insects. The objective of this research is to determine the efficiency of different light colors on the diversity of nocturnal insects in maize crops. The research was conducted from July to August 2023 in Bendo Village, Pare District, Kediri Regency using a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with four plots measuring 10 m x 10 m, spaced 10 m apart. Each plot was treated with one type of lamp color, namely red, yellow, blue, and white. Parameters observed included the types, roles, and populations of nocturnal insects in maize crops. Data analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test with a significance level of 5%, accompanied by calculations of the efficiency of light trap colors on the number of captures. The results showed that nocturnal insects caught by the light trap consisted of 6 orders; 13 families; and 18 genera. The highest total individuals were found in blue light (531 individuals) and the lowest in red light (296 individuals). Light color significantly influenced the average number of nocturnal insect captures, with blue light showing the highest average number of captures(88,50) which was significantly different from yellow (74,33) and red (49,33) lights. The highest efficiency was found under blue light with values reaching 100% in the number of captured insect species and total individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L. is an important woodborer in orchards especially on walnut trees. Its damage has been remarkably increased in Urmia region in recent years. In this research, the amount of pest damage was compared on different orchards such as apple, walnut and peach. The best control method of pest was investigated by using of two insecticides, pheromone and light traps in field conditions. The highest pest damage was observed on walnut trees in Balo village and the least damage was recorded in Gajin and Haji-Abad villages. Old walnut trees (25-30 years old) suffered more damages than younger trees. In 2020, peak of adult leopard moth emergence was recorded in May 29 by using pheromone trap via mass trapping. Two weeks after flight peak, control methods including the use of Hexaflumuron and Imidacloprid insecticides along with pheromone and light traps were assessed. Based on the obtained results, Hexaflumuron along with the pheromone trap exhibited the best efficacy considering the reduced pest damage in 2021. Thus, this method can be used effectively in integrated management program of leopard moth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New records two Carabidae species [Tachys plagiatus Putzeys, 1875 and Tachys tropicus Nietner, 1858 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae)] from India with detailed descriptions and notes on their geographical distribution are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of the research, light trap Lepidoptera collections were carried out in the territory of a settlement (Velyki Berehy, Zakarpatska Oblast, Ukraine), which is bordered by nature reserves, forests, and agricultural areas, as well as by the remains of a large marsh (Szernye bog) that had been drained in the past. A Jermy light trap with a household LED bulb was used to capture the moths and butterflies. In addition to assessing the Lepidoptera fauna of the area, the study aimed to find out which species of Lepidoptera are attracted to energy-saving light bulbs commonly used in households in a settlement located in a habitat-diverse environment. In addition to the artificial light pollution conditions and other anthropogenic influences of the settlement, the direction and magnitude of the effects of temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover, wind speed, and moon phase parameters at the time of collection on the flight trends of nocturnal Lepidoptera species were also investigated. A total of 97 days of collecting between May 2018 and May 2019 resulted in the collection of 122 Lepidoptera species from 16 families. In terms of their ecological requirements, species were found in closed and open forest, forest edge, scrub, meadow, actively cultivated and abandoned agricultural areas, as well as in dry and wet areas. Several species considered being agricultural, forestry, or horticultural pests were identified, but not in abundance. Among the environmental variables, temperature variation showed a strong significant positive correlation with daily species numbers and abundance, while relative humidity, wind speed, cloud coverage and moon phases showed varying degrees of negative correlation, but were generally weak. The effects of the interactions of natural and man-made environmental influences on living organisms are difficult to assess objectively, but their research is of paramount importance for the long-term effective conservation of habitats of particular conservation value and for the preservation of their biodiversity.

Environmentally friendly technologies for the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests are important to reduce the use of chemical pesticides, improve the quality of agricultural products, protect the environment, and promote sustainable development of crop production. On the basis of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, we developed a prevention and control system for crop diseases and insect pests with two main components: a plant protection device (the hardware) and an information management system (the software). To be suitable for both facility- and field-based production scenarios, we incorporated two types of plant protection devices, utilizing ozone sterilization and light-trap technologies. The devices were equipped with various sensors to realize real-time collection and monitoring of data on the crop production environment. The information management system has an IoT-based architecture and includes a mobile device app to enable remote control of the plant protection devices for intelligent management of plant protection data. The system can achieve efficient management of large-scale equipment applications and multi-device collaborative work to prevent and control pests and diseases. The developed system has operated successfully for several years in China and has been applied to cucumber, tomato, rice, and other crops. We demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the system in a greenhouse facility and in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is an important migratory pest that causes severe crop damage. Light traps can monitor and control S. frugiperda. However, the black light traps that are currently used are less effective in trapping this pest. The efficiency of light traps is determined by the sensitive wavelength and the flight-to-light capacity. Our study found that S. frugiperda was more sensitive to blue light compared to other light. The flight speed of S. frugiperda varied significantly under different light conditions. In detail, with dark conditions as the control, the highest flight speeds and the largest percentage of fast-flying individuals were exhibited under blue light, whereas the lowest flight speeds and the smallest percentage of fast-flying individuals were displayed under ultraviolet (UV) light. Based on these results, we recommend the use of blue light traps for capturing S. frugiperda moths. These results provide theoretical support for improving the efficiency of light traps in controlling S. frugiperda. Light traps are a useful method for monitoring and controlling the important migratory pest, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Studies have shown that S. frugiperda is sensitive to blue, green, or ultraviolet (UV) light, but the conclusions are inconsistent. Furthermore, conventional black light traps are less effective for trapping S. frugiperda. To improve the trapping efficiency of this pest, it is crucial to determine the specific wavelength to which S. frugiperda is sensitive and measure its flight capability under that wavelength. This study investigated the effects of light wavelength on the phototaxis and flight performance of S. frugiperda. The results showed that blue light was the most sensitive wavelength among the three different LED lights and was unaffected by gender. The flight capability of S. frugiperda varied significantly in different light conditions, especially for flight speed. The fastest flight speed was observed in blue light, whereas the slowest was observed in UV light compared to dark conditions. During a 12 h flight period, speed declined more rapidly in blue light and more slowly in UV, whereas speed remained stable in dark conditions. Meanwhile, the proportion of fast-flying individuals was highest under blue light, which was significantly higher than under UV light. Therefore, the use of light traps equipped with blue LED lights can improve the trapping efficiency of S. frugiperda. These results also provide insights for further research on the effects of light pollution on migratory insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study on hawkmoths (Sphingidae family) in the Central Highlands of Vietnam (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Dak Nong, and Lam Dong provinces) was carried out during the years 2016-2022. Light traps and butterfly nets were used to collect specimens of the Sphingidae family in the night and day times. An update checklist of Sphingidae was based on collected specimens in the studied area and combine the review data. Totally, 113 Sphingidae species from the Central Highlands of Vietnam are recorded. Among them, 78 species are recorded from collected specimens and 35 species without collected specimens are compiled from the literatures. Addition, 14 species are herein added to the known list, including one very rare species, Eurypteryx geoffreyi Cadiou & Kitching, 1990, and two endemic species, Griseosphinx marchandi Cadiou, 1996 and Callambulyx schintlmeisteri Brechlin, 1997. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Device structure, light source height, and climatic factors can potentially affect the catching of target pests in light traps. In this study, the installation of an anti-escape cover in a newly designed light trap significantly increased the number of catches of tea leafhoppers, Empoasca onukii, an economically significant pest of tea gardens, and it prevented 97.95% of leafhoppers from escaping. A series of assessments were performed in the field and showed that the optimal trapping window of the light trap was between 1.5 and 2.5 h (2 ± 0.35 h) after sunset, and the starting time of the window was positively correlated with the sunset time. The number of leafhopper catches decreased sharply when the height of the light source was above the flight height range of E. onukii adults. The height of the light source was optimal between 20 and 40 cm above the tea canopy. The efficacy of the light traps for capturing leafhoppers decreased in the autumn peak period. High numbers of leafhopper catches by the newly designed light trap in the summer could reduce E. onukii population sizes in the autumn. Overall, the newly designed light trap can be used to reduce E. onukii adult populations in tea gardens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melolonthinae is a subfamily of June beetles and contains many species of agronomic importance in India. It holds major genera like Brahmina (Blanchard 1850), Eotrichia (Medvedev 1951), Holotrichia (Hope 1837) and Sophrops (Fairmaire 1887) in India. A survey based on light trap collection was conducted in the terai foot hills of the Western Himalaya in Uttarakhand to check for the presence of the species. During surveys in the years 2021-22 and 2022-23, various chafer beetles were collected to observe the distribution pattern and their hosts. Among these various species, one beetle species is here reported for the first time i.e., Leucopholis lepidophora Blanchard, 1850, from Uttarakhand, India. This also represents their first record for Western Himalaya. Their habitus and male genitalia are provided herein to aid in identification. A preliminary checklist of Indian Leucopholis is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panotrogus Reitter, 1902 is genus of the Melolonthinae tribe Rhizotrogini (Scarabaeidae) that currently contains 21 species and 2 subspecies, of which 14 species have been recorded from Himalaya region of India. A new species Panotrogus jagbiri Kumar, Pandey & Keith, sp. nov. is described from Uttarakhand, India and illustrated. A key to Indian Panotrogus species has been prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light trap study was conducted at Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur during kharif season. The maximum adult catches of rice yellow stem borer, pink stem borer, brown planthopper, white backed plant hoper, zigzag plant hopper, gundhi bug and swarming caterpillar were observed on 44, 49, 47, 44, 47, 42 and 37 standard metrological weeks (SMW) with 176.0, 24.0, 54528, 2485, 2870, 152 and 08 adult/week, respectively. Similarly, the maximum population of natural enemies viz, carabid beetle, rove beetle, ladybird beetle and ear wig were recorded on 47, 43, 43 and 36 SMW with 402, 258, 32 and 248 adults/week. Correlation study revealed that yellow stem borer showed a significant negative correlation with rainfall (mm) (r = - 0.440) and evening relative humidity (RH-II) (r = - 0.498), while highly significant positive correlation with sunshine (hrs). Pink stem borer showed a highly significant correlation with minimum temperature (r = -0.688) and RH-II (r = -0.694) whereas brown plant hopper showed significant negative correlation (r = -0.495) with morning relative humidity (RH-I) at 1 and 5 per cent level of significance. Among the natural enemies, only ear wig showed a significant positive correlation with maximum and minimum temperature with (r = - 0.481) and (r = - 0.446), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scarabaeid beetles have an essential role in forest ecosystems, such as nutrient recycling, seed dispersal, forest regeneration, controlling parasite populations, and reducing carbon emissions. This study aims to analyse the diversity of scarabaeid beetles in the lowland rainforest ecosystem of Sorong Nature Tourism Park (SNTP), West Papua, Indonesia. The purposive sampling method was used to determine the study sites in three habitat types, i.e., rehabilitation zone, conservation zone, and protection zone. Collection of beetles were conducted by baited dung traps (type A, B, and C), light trap, and active sampling. The baits, i.e., cow and human excrements were used and was replaced every 24 hours (68 repetitions for 68 days) in each habitat. Results showed a total of 30 individuals belonging to 13 species of scarabaeid beetles were collected. Onthophagus has a highest species richness (5 species) compared to Aphodius sp., Anomala sp., and Adoretus sp. (1 species). The protection zone has a highest diversity index (H'=2.09), followed by conservation zone (H'=2) and rehabilitation zone (H'=0.5). Based on trap type, dung trap collected the most beetle species (9 species), followed by light trap (6 species) and active sampling (2 species). Pearson correlation analysis showed soil pH significantly correlated with beetle abundance. This study was the first report of scarabaeid beetles in West Papua, Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental and climatic changes are inducing population declines in numerous species. However, certain species demonstrate remarkable resilience, exhibiting both population growth and range expansion. This longitudinal study in Sweden carried out over two decades (2004–2023) examines the noctuid moths Mythimna albipuncta and Hoplodrina ambigua. Abundance and phenology data were gathered from three light traps in southeastern Sweden and integrated with distribution and phenology data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. In M. albipuncta, the distribution area expanded from 7 to 76 occupied grids (60 km2) and the abundance increased from 7 to 6136 individuals, while in H. ambigua, the distribution area expanded from 1 to 87 occupied grids and the abundance increased from 0 to 6937 individuals, during the course of the study. Furthermore, a positive yearly association was observed between the number of occupied grids and light trap abundance for each species. We also found significant extensions in the adult flight periods of more than 100 days in both species. Light traps emerged as an effective monitoring tool, with light trap abundance as a reliable proxy for distribution changes. Our findings demonstrate that the studied species cope very well with environmental and climatic changes. Given their role as dominant links between primary producers and higher trophic levels, abundance and distribution shifts of these ecological engineers have the potential to cascade up and down in the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White grubs, the immature forms of the well-known May–June beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), are the most wide spread and destructive insect pests of many agricultural crops worldwide. White grub management in Turkey relies heavily on soil application of synthetic insecticides, with negative side effects on soil organisms. In this study, a new-designed light trap (so-called ecosav-Mns1) was evaluated for mass-trapping of adult May–June beetles in a heavy infested apple orchard located in Isparta province (in southwestern part of Turkey) during the flight period from May to September in two successive years (2020 and 2021). The trap was tested at a density of 2 traps/decare in both years. The captured beetles were counted at weekly intervals during a four-month sampling period in both years, and the efficiency of the trap was evaluated on the basis of weekly mean numbers per trap in both years. The results indicated that very high numbers of beetles were captured in the traps especially in the first year of study (118.2 adults/trap/week in 2020). The newly designed light trap captured both males and females of both species; however, in both 2020 and 2021, more males were caught in the traps. The results also showed that mass-trapping of adult May–June beetles using newly designed light trap had a pronounced effect on their subsequent larval (white grub) populations. For instance, while mean number of larvae found in the soil around the root system was 9.8/tree in May in the first year of the study, it was 3.3/tree in the same month in the second year. All the results suggested that the new-designed light trap may help prevent the root damage caused by white grubs in horticultural areas by trapping adults of May–June beetles effectively. This study demonstrated that the new-designed light trap (ecosav-Mns1) may help prevent the root damage caused by white grubs in horticultural areas by trapping adults of May–June beetles effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early life of most decapod crustaceans takes place in the water column as larvae before they settle in benthic habitats. The spatial and temporal variability in the settling of larval stages offers valuable insights into the potential recruitment of natural populations. To explore this, we studied megalopa assemblages at various segments of coastline on El Hierro and Lanzarote islands, both within and outside the Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) of each island. The study spanned four consecutive oceanographic periods in the Canary Islands (NW Africa), employing light traps for sample collection. The low number of recorded species suggested that light traps exhibit selectivity, particularly for megalopae belonging to Portunidae and Grapsidae. El Hierro, which experienced warmer sea surface temperatures, displayed higher megalopa abundance values than Lanzarote and distinct larval assemblages was observed between these two islands. Similarly, we identified significant variations in abundance and species composition between stratified and mixing seasons. These seasonal differences were influenced by the dominance of Achelous hastatus, Percnon gibessi, and Cronius ruber during the stratified season. In Lanzarote, C. ruber was not recorded during the mixing season, suggesting that the colder conditions there may constrain its reproduction. Interestingly, we observed that species traditionally harvested from the intertidal zone for human consumption (Plagusia depressa) or used as bait for recreational fishing (Pachygrapsus spp. and P. gibessi) exhibited higher megalopa abundances within the MPAs. In contrast, we noted lower megalopa densities of the non-indigenous species C. ruber within the protected areas. These results indicate a positive effect of MPAs controlling indigenous and non-indigenous crab populations. Moreover, the study provides novel data, showing that light traps are suitable for monitoring the temporal occurrence, abundance, and spatial distribution of non-indigenous and commercially exploited species. This is key for adopting an ecosystem-based approach to manage marine resources.

The study was carried out in the agricultural landscape (mosaic of an urban environment, gardens, grassland, fields, small forests and semi-natural non-forest habitats) in central Europe (southeast Czechia) in 2021. A light trap was used for trapping (207 nights). A total of 485 moth species and 5 170 individuals were captured. Eurytopic species dominated the area, 72% of species and 89% of individuals. Fifty-nine species are considered pests (12%), representing 25% of individuals. The seasonal dynamics of selected harmful species were evaluated and discussed. Species of semi-natural dry and wet habitats were represented by 14%, i.e. a proportion comparable to pests, but with only 4% of individuals. The numbers of species and individuals recorded and the Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness indices are lower than at natural sites. Yet, overall biodiversity is relatively high, including the presence of some rare, ecologically, or zoogeographically remarkable species.

The Phthorimaea operculella Zeller moth is a pest that affects potato crops and is found mainly in the inter-Andean valleys of the highlands of Peru (Huancavelica). The objective of the research was to use the phenomenon of light generated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to attract the potato moth in storage. Every day at seven o'clock in the morning, the number of moths falling dead in the light trap on the water contained in the container was counted. Five LED lights with different light densities per square centimeter were tested for five nights with different frequencies: 3.125 Hz, 12.5 Hz, 50 Hz, 200 Hz and 400 Hz. Every five nights the operating current of the LEDs was changed: 5 mA, 10 mA and 15 mA. Every fifteen nights the color of the LEDs was changed, according to the following sequence: white, blue, green, yellow and red; the color that attracted the most was white light, while the one with the least attraction was red light. The white light trap using the 64 LED array attracted 38.73% of moths and consumed a total of 43 W of energy in seven days, so it is considered low energy consumption.

Abstract Background Joint efforts by government and non-government organizations have helped to reduce malaria in Bangladesh and set the country on a clear path to eventual malaria elimination. However, achieving that goal would be challenging without a comprehensive understanding of vector bionomics. Methods Targeted capturing of Anopheles mosquitoes over a rainy season, utilizing specific sampling methods, including human landing catches (HLCs), CDC-light traps (CDC-LTs), and pyrethrum spray catches (PSCs) were aimed to characterize entomological drivers of transmission in four sites of Bandarban, Bangladesh. Results Molecular characterization of a subset of 4637 mosquitoes has demonstrated the presence of at least 17 species whose capture rates were representative of the rainy season. Species compositions and bionomic traits did not vary between sites with Anopheles maculatus having the highest landing rate by HLCs and Anopheles vagus having the highest capture rate with CDC-LTs. Interestingly, Anopheles species compositions and capture rates varied significantly (p

The Phthorimaea operculella Zeller moth is a pest that affects potato crops and is found mainly in the inter-Andean valleys of the highlands of Peru (Huancavelica). The objective of the research was to use the phenomenon of light generated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to attract the potato moth in storage. Every day at seven o'clock in the morning, the number of moths falling dead in the light trap on the water contained in the container was counted. Five LED lights with different light densities per square centimeter were tested for five nights with different frequencies: 3.125 Hz, 12.5 Hz, 50 Hz, 200 Hz and 400 Hz. Every five nights the operating current of the LEDs was changed: 5 mA, 10 mA and 15 mA. Every fifteen nights the color of the LEDs was changed, according to the following sequence: white, blue, green, yellow and red; the color that attracted the most was white light, while the one with the least attraction was red light. The white light trap using the 64 LED array attracted 38.73% of moths and consumed a total of 43 W of energy in seven days, so it is considered low energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was carried out in the agricultural landscape (mosaic of an urban environment, gardens, grassland, fields, small forests and semi-natural non-forest habitats) in central Europe (southeast Czechia) in 2021. A light trap was used for trapping (207 nights). A total of 485 moth species and 5 170 individuals were captured. Eurytopic species dominated the area, 72% of species and 89% of individuals. Fifty-nine species are considered pests (12%), representing 25% of individuals. The seasonal dynamics of selected harmful species were evaluated and discussed. Species of seminatural dry and wet habitats were represented by 14%, i.e. a proportion comparable to pests, but with only 4% of individuals. The numbers of species and individuals recorded and the Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness indices are lower than at natural sites. Yet, overall biodiversity is relatively high, including the presence of some rare, ecologically, or zoogeographically remarkable species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A two-year field study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of mass-trapping of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), using newly designed light trap in reducing fruit damage in apple orchards. In both years (2020 and 2021), experiments were conducted in two apple orchards, one of which was located in Antalya (Elmalı) province and the other was located in Isparta (Senirkent) province (southwestern part of Turkey). For each of the two years, the study orchards were divided into two equal parts (plots), separating from each other by a guard row; in one of them (termed 'light trap plot'), newly designed light trap was tested and the traps were placed 30 m apart from each other along the outer rows of the plot just above the plant canopy (≈4 m from the ground), using galvanized metal poles. In the other plot (termed 'conventional plot'), conventional control system, based heavily relied on the use of synthetic insecticides, was applied for comparison. In weekly trap checks in the light trap plot of each orchard, total number of adult C. pomonella caught in each trap was recorded. The effectiveness of mass-trapping in reducing fruit damage was evaluated by comparing the percentages of weekly infestation in apple fruits (examining 100 randomly selected fruits on the trees) and the percentages of damaged fruits at harvest in both plots of each orchard. The results demonstrated that mass-trapping of adult C. pomonella using newly designed light trap was effective in reducing fruit damage in both years. Considering the yearly averages, in both 2020 and 2021 significantly lower fruit damages were observed in the light trap plot of the orchards in both Antalya (9.6 and 7.8%) and Isparta (8.8 and 7.3%) than in their conventional plots (10.2 and 9.4% in Antalya, 7.5 and 9.1% in Isparta, respectively). Mass-trapping adult C. pomonella using newly designed light trap seems to be an effective tool for the integrated pest management (IPM) of C. pomonella in apple orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungus gnats (Sciaridae) are one of the most devastating pests on mushroom farms. Generally, they are controlled using relatively inefficient physical means, like sticky or pheromone traps, or with chemical pesticides. Here, we have proposed an integrated fungus gnat control system combining a UV-A LED source at 365 nm and a high-power laser diode at 445 nm. The 365 nm UV-A LED serves a light trap, since previous studies have concluded that fungus gnats show maximum attraction in the range of 365–390 nm. The UV-A LED is also modulated at different frequencies, and the response of the gnats corresponding to these different frequencies was observed. We utilized an Arduino Uno microcontroller to run the integrated device, and a BASLER USB camera was used to capture the images. Our experiments indicated that a frequency of 40 Hz is the optimal choice for attracting the gnats most rapidly. Within 20 s of exposure, the UV-A LED operated at 40 Hz was found to trap approximately 80% of the gnats. In a restricted trapping zone measuring 2.5 × 2.5 × 3 cm3, our integrated module, which includes a 40 Hz modulated UV-A LED and a laser, resulted in a survival rate of only 50% for the total number of gnats. This outcome was accomplished through periodic 200 ms long exposures, amounting to a total duration of 2 min for a group of 100 gnats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Joint efforts by government and non-government organizations have helped to reduce malaria in Bangladesh and set the country on a clear path to eventual malaria elimination. However, achieving that goal would be challenging without a comprehensive understanding of vector bionomics. Methods: Targeted capturing of Anopheles mosquitoes over a rainy season, utilizing specific sampling methods, including human landing catches (HLCs), CDC-light traps (CDC-LTs), and pyrethrum spray catches (PSCs) were aimed to characterize entomological drivers of transmission in four sites of Bandarban, Bangladesh. Results: Molecular characterization of a subset of 4637 mosquitoes has demonstrated the presence of at least 17 species whose capture rates were representative of the rainy season. Species compositions and bionomic traits did not vary between sites with Anopheles maculatus having the highest landing rate by HLCs and Anopheles vagus having the highest capture rate with CDC-LTs. Interestingly, Anopheles species compositions and capture rates varied significantly (p < 0.05) for An. vagus, between HLCs and its often-used proxy—CDC-LTs- suggesting impacts on downstream analysis. CDC-LTs capture rates demonstrated differing compositions with indoor and outdoor biting rates. For example, Anopheles nigerrimus and Anopheles nivipes were more endophagic by HLCs and more exophagic by CDC-LTs. The use of a cow-baited CDC-LT also demonstrated significantly different results when compared to a human-baited CDC-LT considering the high degree of anthropophily in these species. The exception to both zoophily and indoor resting was An. vagus, which demonstrated both anthropophily and high resting rates indoors—pointing to this species being a possible primary vector at this site. Conclusion: A diverse Anopheles fauna in Bandarban has been confirmed through molecular methods, highlighting the potential impact of sampling techniques. Given the complexity of the local ecosystem, a better understanding of mosquito behaviour and ecology is required to achieve the goal of malaria elimination in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in the brightness, efficiency, and dynamic range of emissive displays are made possible by integrating microLEDs inside every pixel. Economical realization of these displays demands a diverse set of process technologies and device designs to accommodate the characteristics of microLEDs in large‐area formats. Here, we present advancements in stamp‐based mass transfer. We present schemes for packaging microLEDs into multi‐color emitter structures that interface readily with backplane materials. The structures reduce mass transfer cost by increasing parallelism of the process. We demonstrate their utility in active pixel arrays that use microICs as drivers. We introduce a coverglass with light trap film stacks for enhancing contrast in microLED displays. Finally, we present a surface mountable device that incorporates these technologies into a format that is applicable to videowalls and digital signage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The caddisfly fauna of the Transcarpathian part of the Pannonian Lowland was poorly studied formerly. Here, we present the results of a six-year survey (2015-2020) carried out in four sampling sites of the Ukrainian part of the Bereg Plain and provide the actualised checklist of this area. Actually, 7346 specimens of 53 caddisfly species were collected. The number of known caddisfly species increased from 13 to 61. Two species Hydropsyche guttata and Parasetodes respersellus, which formerly were considered extinct in the Pannonian Ecoregion, were detected and another especially rare species (e.g. Cyrnus flavidus) was also recorded. The fauna of the region cover a significant part of both Hungarian and Ukrainian caddisfly fauna. Assemblages of four characteristic habitat types of the region showed significant differences considering their quantitative and qualitative composition, substrate, current, hydrological- and feeding types. The high diversity and natural value of the small lowland watercourses were proven using a new Caddisfly Conservation Index (CCI) calculated, based on vulnerability and rarity of species. The fauna and assemblages showed a unique character mainly independent from large rivers of the region.

Tribe Rhizotrogini is a tribe of June beetle containing many species of agronomic importance in India. It holds major genera like Brahmina (Blanchard 1851), Eotrichia (Medvedev 1951), Holotrichia (Hope 1837) or Sophrops (Fairmaire 1887) in India. A survey based on light trap collection was conducted in various locations of Uttarakhand to check for the presence of the species. During surveys in the years 2021 and 2022, various chafer beetles were collected to observe the distribution pattern and their hosts. Among these various species, three beetle species are here reported for the first time i.e. Panotrogus expansus Keith, 2003, Panotrogus pakistanus Keith, 2002 and Pseudopanotrogus extrarius Keith, 2005 from Uttarakhand, India. This also represents their first record for India. Their habitus and male genitalia are provided herein to aid in identification. A complete list of species from the Himalayan region is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Independent photo‐charging technologies based on aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising candidates for next‐generation renewable energy systems. The conflict between light utilization and electrochemical performance in the planar electrode severely limits the availability of photo‐charging ZIBs. Herein, 3D light‐trapping structures (LTSs) are proposed and applied in a rigid VO2/C@SiCuOC electrode. A hybrid‐reflection effect driven by LTSs is employed to improve light‐harvesting efficiency. The suitable energy levels of VO2 and C ensure charge transport, while the rigid SiCuOC support meets the stability requirements. Such a 3D VO2/C@SiCuOC electrode exhibits a multiplying photo‐response current density of 42.2 µA cm−2 (≈400% of the plate) and delivers a higher energy density (0.19 mWh cm−2 at 0.51 mW cm−2). More importantly, in a realistic environment (dark for 16 h and light for 8 h), the photo‐charging ZIBs integrated into a roof exhibit an exciting open circuit voltage of 3.176 V (three in series) and supply electricity continuously. The high strength (over 9 MPa) of the photo‐charging ZIBs inherited from the 3D rigid electrode further enables its practical application. The enhanced performance of the photo‐charging ZIBs obtained from structural optimization provides unique inspiration for next‐generation clean energy harvest/storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella, is one of the most damaging pests of potatoes both in the field and in storage and occurs in almost all potato-producing areas in the world. In stored potatoes in Turkey, management of this pest still relies heavily on the use of synthetic insecticides. However, due to the development of resistance to many insecticides in the populations of this pest, the desired results from chemical control have not been obtained in recent years. In this study, the capture efficiencies of a new-designed light trap and delta pheromone trap were evaluated comparatively in mass trapping of adult PTM in stored potatoes during the storage period from October to December in both 2019 and 2020 in Antalya province (Turkey). Both trap types were tested at a density of 1 trap/15 m2 in both years. The captured moths were counted at weekly intervals during a 2-month sampling period in both years and compared between the two trap types on the basis of weekly mean number per trap. The results indicated that significantly higher numbers of moths per trap were captured in the light trap plots (rooms) than in the pheromone trap plots. The new-designed light trap captured both males and females but had a higher efficacy in capturing females than males. In addition, in both the 2019 and 2020 storage periods, much lower tuber damage rates occurred in the light trap treatment (6.8 and 8.0%, respectively) than in the pheromone trap treatment (19.1 and 21.5%, respectively). The results suggested that the new-designed light trap may help prevent tuber damage caused by PTM in stored potatoes by trapping both male and female moths effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oviposition is a critical step in the life cycles of aquatic insects. Adult caddisflies exhibit a variety of oviposition methods. In some species, females enter freshwaters to oviposit on submerged substrates. Here, we compile information on North American caddisflies that are known to dive and swim to oviposit and have sexually dimorphic leg characteristics that may be adaptations for swimming, diving, or both. We also report unexpected underwater captures of adult females of 3 caddisfly species in Willamette Basin reservoirs in Oregon, USA, including the deepest dive depths ever recorded for adult female caddisflies. From these captures, we note sexually dimorphic leg widening in the species Hydropsyche centra Ross, 1938 for the first time, confirm widened mesothoracic leg segments of Hydropsyche occidentalis Banks, 1900 adult females, and note fringes of long hairs on meso- and metathoracic tibiae and basal tarsal segments of Hydroptila argosa Ross, 1938 females. We also note fringes of long hairs on the meso- and metathoracic legs of Hydroptila ajax Ross, 1938 females from the banks of the Willamette River. The presumed oviposition attempts of caddisflies underwater in large, deep reservoirs suggest that these caddisflies may misinterpret oviposition cues in altered habitats and waste reproductive efforts. Greater understanding of caddisfly oviposition methods and abilities may be important for long-term conservation and restoration efforts supporting biodiversity in freshwater habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]