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The paper contains the research on the wear rate of PVD coatings using the ball-cratering method. The purpose of the research was to determine their usefulness to apply them as coating of dies and extrusion rams in punching process of transformer plates. The AlCrN layer characterised with the lowest wear intensity. Almost five-times greater wear intensity was noticed for the TiN layer obtained for the lower volatilisation temperature. The wear intensity of the TiAlN layers were diverse. The layer coated in the lower volatilisation temperature characterised with greater wear by 1.5 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of abrasion wear resistance tests of wear-resistant steel and surfacing under laboratory conditions and natural operation. Abrasion wear resistance determined on the basis of the study by determining geometrical characteristics of the alloying additives using computer image analysis methods, as well as examining the changes occurring on the surface of the workpieces and their wear intensity. Based on the results obtained from laboratory tests, it was noted that AR steel exhibited 14 times greater wear than the padding weld. This wear is affected by alloy additives, which, for the padding weld, are chromium additives. The microstructure image shows that soil mass had a destructive effect mainly on the matrix of the material, whereas in the areas with high concentrations of chromium precipitates, this effect was significantly weaker. The operational test results showed that within the area of the tine subjected to hardfacing, the material loss was lower than that for the same area of the tine in the as-delivered state. For the hardfaced tine, a 7% loss of volume was noted in relation to the operating part before testing and following the friction process. However, for the operating part in the as-delivered state, this difference amounted to 12%.

Martensitic low-alloy steels are widely used in machine construction. Due to their declared weldability, arc welding is most often used to join elements made of this type of steel. However, the high temperature associated with welding causes unfavourable changes in the microstructure, resulting in reduced abrasion resistance. Therefore, it is important to know the tribological properties of the welded joint. This article presents the results of a study on the abrasion wear resistance of a welded joint of an abrasion-resistant steel. This study tested a welded joint of an abrasive-resistant steel produced by the arc welding method. Wear testing of the welded joint was carried out under laboratory conditions by the ball-cratering method in the presence of abrasive slurry on the cross-section of the welded joint. Based on the test results, the change in the abrasive wear rate of the material as a function of the distance from the welded joint axis was determined. It was also found that the thermal processes accompanying welding caused structural changes that increased the wear rate index value. Adverse changes in the tribological properties of a welded material persist up to a distance of approx. 20 mm from the weld centre.

Wear-resistant steels are designed to allow for operation under extreme loading conditions. They combine large strength with resilience and resistance to abrasive wear. In stock, the steel is subjected to preliminary heat treatment. However, any further processing at temperatures higher than 200 °C results in tempering that influences the mechanical properties of the material. The presented paper aims to study changes in abrasive wear properties across the welded joint made out of this steel, and its prime novelty lies in using the ball-cratering method to test the wear resistance of the joints. To distinguish between different crystalline structures in the weld, metallographic and XRD analyses were performed that resulted in the determination of five primary zones for which wear tests were carried out. Abrasive wear rates, studied across the welded joint, indicate that the material in the HAZ has the lowest resistance to abrasive wear. Similarly, the obtained values of the wear index show decreasing resistance of the material approaching the joint axis.

This paper presents the results of wear tests of three types of commercial abrasion-resistant steels. The samples, cut from commercially available sheets of metal, were subjected to wear tests to a total friction path of 20,000 m. The tests were provided using the "rotating bowl" method in three types of natural soil masses. The soil moisture and test parameters were kept constant. The tests were carried out in six replications for each material. The testing results indicate that hardness does not determine the resistance to abrasive wear, which is supported by the weight loss results for particular materials. Hardox 600 steel, which is not characterized by the highest hardness, exhibited the lowest weight loss value compared to the other materials in all test soils. For the light soil, the weight loss for Hardox 600 was approx. 1.3 times lower than for Hardox 500 steel and approx. 1.6 times higher than for Hardox Extreme steel. With regards to the medium and heavy soil, the weight losses for Hardox 600 in relation to Hardox 500 steel were approx. 1.7 and 1.6 times lower, respectively, while in relation to Hardox Extreme steel the weight losses were 1.5 and 1.7 times higher, respectively.

This study presents the results of testing for abrasive wear of Vanadis 60 SuperClean powder metallurgy steel as compared to Hardox 600 steel and PMFe60P padding weld. The testing was conducted by the "rotating bowl" method using natural abrasive soil masses. Two types of abrasive masses with particle size distributions corresponding to light soil and medium soil were used. The obtained results enable the conclusion that the weight loss for Vanadis 60 SuperClean powder steel in both types of abrasive mass was approximately seven times lower than that for Hardox 600 steel and two times lower than PMFe60P padding weld. The high resistance of powder steel to abrasive wear in abrasive soil masses is related to the presence of a large number of fine M 6 C (tungsten-molybdenum) and MC (vanadium) carbide precipitates in its microstructure. The obtained test results indicate that the application of Vanadis 60 SuperClean steel may be extended to working elements operating in mineral abrasive environments.

Background: The exhaustive collection of new sarcoma cases and their second histologic review offer a unique opportunity to study their incidence and time trends in France according to the major subtypes., Methods: Data were collected from population-based cancer registries covering 22% of the French population. Crude and world age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were estimated according to anatomic, histological and genetic groups, age and sex over the 2010-2013 period., Results: Time trends in incidence were calculated by the annual percent change over the 2000-2013 period. During the most recent period (2010-2013), 3942 patients with sarcoma were included. The ASR of soft-tissue and bone sarcomas, and gastro-intestinal stromal tumors (GIST) were 2.1, 1.0 and 0.6, respectively. For the four most frequent histological subtypes (unclassified, leiomyosarcoma, GIST and liposarcoma), the ASR ranged from 0.4 to 0.7. ASRs were 1.9 for complex genomic and 1.3 for recurrent translocation sarcomas. The time-trend analysis showed a significant increase of sarcoma incidence rate between 2000 and 2005, which stabilized thereafter. Incidence rates increased for four histological subtypes (GIST, chondrosarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, solitary fibrous tumors) and decreased for three (leiomyosarcomas, Kaposi sarcoma and fibrosarcoma)., Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate sarcoma incidence based on a systematic pathological review of these cancers and on the updated sarcoma classifications. Due to the paucity of literature on sarcomas, future studies using data from population-based cancer registries should consider a standardized inclusion criterion presented in our study to better describe and compare data between countries.

Background: Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a rare disease, and most available data on gastric MALT lymphoma (GML) come from clinical studies of selected patients treated in centres of excellence., Aims: To analyse the clinical features, management and survival of GML patients in a population-based study in France METHODS: All new cases of GML diagnosed between 2002 and 2010 in 11 French areas covered by cancer registries were included. Pathology reports were verified and, if necessary, reviewed by an expert pathologist. All clinical data were retrospectively collected from medical files and analysed using stata V. 14 software., Results: Four hundred and sixteen patients with confirmed GML (50% male, median age 67 years) were identified. Among them, 44 showed an early transformation into diffuse large B cell lymphoma and were considered to have had an initially missed high-grade lymphoma. At diagnosis, 76% of patients were at stage IE/II, and 24% at stage III/IV of the disease. Helicobacter pylori infection was found in 57% of the patients. Eradication treatment was administered to 76% of patients and complete remission (CR) was obtained in 39%. One hundred and ninety patients received at least one other treatment, including 10 already in CR after eradication. Altogether, CR was obtained in 70% of patients and the 5-year overall survival was 79% (95% CI [75-83])., Conclusions: In comparison to clinical series, in the general population, GMLs are more frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, their clinical management is heterogeneous, and there is a risk of misdiagnosis and overtreatment. These results highlight the necessity of following currently available guidelines in this field., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction: Incidence, mortality, survival and prevalence are key indicators to assess public health policies and estimate the needs of the population for cancer management. The aim of this article is to provide the more current estimates of these indicators, in line with the fifteenth operational objective of the 2014-2019 Cancer Plan "Collect data/Support Public Health"., Methods: Incidence and survival data came from cancer registries. Mortality data came from the French epidemiology center on medical causes of death. Prevalence was estimated by using incidence and survival estimates., Results: In metropolitan France in 2017, the estimated number of new cancer cases and cancer deaths was respectively 399,500 and 150,000. The most frequent cancers (breast, prostate) had highest net survivals: 78 and 84% at 10 years. Several cancers (including lung, liver and pancreatic cancers) had worse prognosis (5-year survival≤33%). In 2017, 1,396,000 men and 1,359,000 women had cancer in the previous 15 years, representing respectively 5.4% and 4.8% of the population aged 15 and over., Discussion: Despite the decrease of cancer mortality, the prognosis of some cancers remains poor and the cancer prevalence is high. These results highlight the need for intensifying the efforts already made in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and justify the interest in the post-cancer period., (Copyright © 2019 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: In order to evaluate at the population level the impact of the actions developed in France since 2004 to organize the care of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer, we conducted the present study to provide an unbiased view of the pathway of care of these patients., Methods: Using a population-based registry, we conducted a review of all cases of cancer diagnosed during 2012 and 2013 in 15- to 24-year-old patients living in nineteen French administrative areas., Results: The median times for diagnosis and treatment of the 993 included AYAs were 9 weeks (3-22) and 1 day (0-20), respectively. Delays in diagnosis were significantly longer in young adults than in adolescents, especially for soft-tissue sarcomas (48.7 weeks vs. 15.4 weeks, P = 0.04) and bone tumors (21.4 weeks vs. 10.1 weeks, P = 0.04). The first physicians seen by patients were mostly general practitioners (67.4%). Most patients (77.5%) were treated in adult units. Management decisions were taken within the context of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) in 85.3% of cases. MDT meetings that involved both pediatric and adult oncologists were uncommon (15.7% of patients). Twenty-six percent of patients were included in randomized or nonrandomized clinical studies. The proportion of inclusion was significantly higher in adolescents (39.5%) than in young adults (16.8%)., Conclusion: In France, pathways of care for AYAs are heterogeneous. It is necessary to organize a national network of expert centers with adequate medical skills and specific psychosocial support and facilities to provide the best possible care for these patients., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Purpose: To analyze trends in second primary cancer (SPC) incidence by using a case-mix approach to standardize on first cancer site distribution., Methods: Cases registered by 13 French cancer registries between 1989 and 2010 and followed-up until June 2013 were included. The person-year approach was used to compute standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of metachronous SPC. Usual SIRs and cancer site-specific weighted SIRs called "case-mix SIRs" (cmSIRs) were estimated by sex and calendar period of first cancer diagnosis. Calendar trends in SIRs and cmSIRs were compared., Results: More than 2.9 million person-years at risk were included. Among males, SIRs dropped from 1.49 to 1.23 between 1989-1994 and 2005-2010, while cmSIRs decreased from 1.40 to 1.27. This difference seems mainly related to a stronger representation of prostate cancers (at lower risk of SPC) and a weaker contribution of bladder and head and neck cancers (at higher risk of SPC) in recent periods of diagnosis. Among females, both SIRs and cmSIRs have remained stable at around 1.22 and 1.21, respectively., Conclusions: The cmSIR is an indicator that is not influenced by changes in first cancer site distribution. Its use should be encouraged to assess second cancer incidence control., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Penile cancer is rare, and few population-based studies have described changes in time trend. This study aims to determine whether there has been an evolution in incidence and survival of penile cancer over time in France., Methods: Rates of age world-standardized incidence (ASRW) and net survival (NS) between 1989 and 2011 were calculated using data from 16 French cancer registries. Time trend incidence and survival analysis were confined to the eight registries operating throughout the full period. Log-linear Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in incidence rates. The incidence rate for the most recent period was also calculated from all 16 cancer registries operating during 2009-2011. Human papillomavirus (HPV) exposure was deduced from the morphological code. NS was estimated using the Pohar-Perme estimator of the net cumulative rate., Results: No significant change in incidence was observed between 1989 and 2011 (AAPC: 0.08%; 95%CI: -1.01%; +1.17%). The incidence increased with age. The ASRW in 16 registries operating in 2009-2011 was 0.59 per 100,000 (95%CI: 0.50-0.68). The proportion of cases potentially linked to HPV was nearly 11% and did not change significantly over time. NS decreased with age but did not change over time (around 65% at 5 years)., Conclusion: Penile cancer remains rare in France, but survival is still low - probably because of delays in diagnosis and limited improvements in care. International clinical trials are needed to develop care recommendations based on an adequate level of evidence., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been recently recognised as a carcinogenic factor for a subset of head and neck cancers (HNC). In Europe, France has one of the highest incidence rates of HNC. The aim of this study is to explore changes in HNC incidence in France, potentially in relation with infection by HPV. HNC were classified into two anatomical groups: potentially HPV-related and HPV-unrelated. Trends over the period 1980-2012 were analysed by an age-period-cohort model based on data from eleven French cancer registries. Among men, the age-standardised incidence rate (ASR) of HNC decreased in both groups, but less so for HPV-related sites as compared to unrelated sites, especially in recent years (annual percentage change [APC] over the period 2005-2012: -3.5% vs. -5.4%). Among women, the ASR increased in both groups, but more rapidly for HPV-related as compared to unrelated sites (APC over the period 2005-2012: +1.9% vs. -0.4%). This preferential growth of HPV-related versus unrelated HNC was observed in the cohorts born from 1930 to 1935. The differences in trends between possible HPV-related and HPV-unrelated sites suggest an increasing incidence of HNC due to HPV infection. The difference was less marked in men as compared to women, most likely because of a higher contamination in the HPV-related group by cancers due to tobacco or alcohol consumption. The pattern observed is consistent with observations made in other countries, with studies of HPV prevalence in HNC and the evolution of sexual behaviour in France., (© 2017 UICC.)

Background: To develop a prediction model to quantify the cumulative risk of Second Primary Cancer (SPC) among cancer patients given that they survive their disease., Methods: A cohort of 293,435 patients based on data from twelve French cancer registries was analyzed. For five first cancer sites, SPC incidence rates were estimated using Poisson regression models. The cumulative risks of SPC were computed for different follow-up times. For comparison purpose, the same method was used to estimate the probability of cancer in the general population., Results: In this population-based cohort, 27,320 patients presented with a SPC. The cumulative risk of SPC varied depending on first cancer site, with a 10-year cumulative probability of SPC ranging from 6.2% for women with breast cancer to 44.0% for men with head and neck cancer. Compared with the general population, the 10-year cumulative risk of SPC was dramatically elevated for tobacco-related first cancers, with an increase of +7.3% for men aged 55 to 64 with a first lung cancer and +35.6% for men aged 45 to 54 with a first head and neck cancer. Lower differences were observed among patients diagnosed with a first prostate cancer (+5.5% among men aged 55 to 64), colorectal (+4.1% for women aged 55 to 64 and +6.3% for men aged 55 to 64), and breast (+2.0% among females aged 75 and older) cancers., Conclusion: This study provides physicians with a practical estimate to assess the risk of SPC of their patients more accurately., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The aim of the SUDCAN collaborative study was to compare the trends in 1- and 5-year net survival and the trends in the dynamics of the excess mortality rates in head and neck cancers between six European Latin countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland). The data were extracted from the EUROCARE-5 database. First, the net survival was studied over the 2000-2004 period using the Pohar-Perme estimator. For trend analyses, the study period was specific to each country. The results are reported from 1992 to 2004 in France, Italy, Spain and Switzerland and from 2000 to 2004 in Belgium and Portugal. The analyses were carried out using a flexible excess rate modelling. There were significant differences between countries in 5-year age-standardized net survivals over the 2000-2004 period, ranging from 33 to 34% in France and Portugal from 42 to 44% in Switzerland and Italy, respectively. The age-standardized net survival improved considerably from 1992 to 2004 in Italy, Spain and Switzerland, but not in France because of lack of improvement in the elderly. The increase in net survival was linked to a decrease in the excess mortality rate up to 3-4 years after diagnosis. The net survival from head and neck cancers improved over the study period, but significant differences were still observed in 2004. Differences in sex ratio and anatomical distribution contributed only partially towards these disparities. Differences in stage at diagnosis, time to treatment and/or proportion of human papillomavirus-related cases are also probably involved in the survival disparities observed. Overall, the prognosis of these tumours remains poor.

Head and neck cancers (HNC) have a poor prognosis and a long treatment delay may have a negative impact on this. Some studies have investigated the determinants of this delay but not in the general population and rarely taking into account socio-economic factors. A high-resolution population-based study about cancer management was conducted, using registries in the north-west of France, on HNC diagnosed between 2008 and 2010. The median time between diagnosis and multidisciplinary team meeting (DMI) (N = 1631) was 14 days (Q1: 7 to Q3: 26). The median time between diagnosis and first treatment (DTI) (N = 1519) was 35 days (Q1: 21 to Q3: 54). When the first treatment was radiotherapy, the interval was 54.5 days (Q1: 40 to Q3: 71). In multivariate analysis, DTI was associated with the type of first treatment and place of treatment. For advanced stage HNC, DTI was associated with comorbidities, topography of the cancer and socio-economic status, underprivileged patients being treated later than privileged ones. Given the French governmental cancer plans which set out to coordinate care pathways via nursing coordinators and to improve the availability of radiotherapy, the waiting times observed in this study still seem long. The optimal care pathway should include adapted social management but the DTI was still longer for underprivileged patients.

Background: In the context of early detection of head and neck cancers (HNC), the aim of this study was to describe how people sought medical consultation during the year prior to diagnosis and the impact on the stage of the cancer., Methods: Patients over 20 years old with a diagnosis of HNC in 2010 were included from four French cancer registries. The medical data were matched with data regarding uptake of healthcare issued from French National Health Insurance General Regime., Results: In 86.0 % of cases, patients had consulted a general practitioner (GP) and 21.1 % a dentist. Consulting a GP at least once during the year preceding diagnosis was unrelated to Charlson index, age, sex, département, quintile of deprivation of place of residence. Patients from the 'quite privileged', 'quite underprivileged' and 'underprivileged' quintiles consulted a dentist more frequently than those from the 'very underprivileged' quintile (p = 0.007). The stage was less advanced for patients who had consulted a GP (OR = 0.42 [0.18-0.99]) - with a dose-response effect., Conclusions: In view of the frequency of consultations, the existence of a significant association between consultations and a localised stage at diagnosis and the absence of a socio-economic association, early detection of HNC by GPs would seem to be the most appropriate way.

Objective: The aim of this epidemiological study was to describe the incidence, mortality and survival of ovarian cancer (OC) in France, according to age, period of diagnosis, and histological type., Methods: Incidence and mortality were estimated from 1980 to 2012 based on data in French cancer registries and from the Centre for Epidemiology of Causes of Death (CépiDc-Inserm) up to 2009. Net survival was estimated from registry data using the Pohar-Perme method, on cases diagnosed between 1989 and 2010, with date of last follow-up set at 30 June 2013., Results: In 2012, 4615 cases of OC were diagnosed in France, and 3140 women died from OC. World population age-standardized incidence and mortality rates declined by respectively 0.6% and 1.2% per year between 1980 and 2012. Net survival at 5years increased slightly, from 40% for the period 1989-1993 to 45% for the period 2005-2010. Net survival varied considerably according to histological type. Germ cell tumors had better net survival at 10years (81%) compared to epithelial tumors (32%), sex cord-stromal tumors (40%) and tumors without biopsy (8%)., Conclusions: Our study shows a decline in incidence and mortality rates from ovarian cancer in France between 1980 and 2012, but net survival remains poor overall, and improved only slightly over the whole study period., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Tobacco is currently the largest risk factor for cancers of the lung, lip/oral cavity/pharynx (LOCP) and esophagus. Variations in tobacco consumption over time have led to changes in cancer incidence in the general population. Data on the incidence of cancers at these sites in adults aged 20-44 years old are scarce. Our objective was to provide estimates of incidence trends for these cancers in France among this age group over the last 30 years., Methods: Observed incidence data over the period 1982-2010 for the 20-44 age group were provided from six cancer registries (eight for esophagus) covering approximately 6% of the French population. Age-period-cohort models were used on the observed period, and estimates of cancer incidence for France in 2012 were provided on the basis of short-term predictions., Results: In men, a sharp decline was observed over time for LOCP and esophageal cancers, while lung cancer saw only a slight decline. In women, a large increase was seen in lung cancer incidence, while LOCP cancer incidence did not vary significantly., Conclusion: Smoking behaviors among adults aged 20-44 impact incidence trends in cancers of the lung, LOCP and esophagus, although other factors are involved, particularly in LOCP and esophageal cancers. Our results highlight the importance of preventative efforts which particularly target women aged 20-44. Efforts to curb tobacco smoking in men should also be pursued., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Improvement of the initial management of sarcomas after the dissemination of evidence-based guidelines depends on the primary sarcoma location: a population-based study. To improve the initial management of adult sarcomas, a regional expert team in Northern France performed two actions: dissemination of evidence-based guidelines (EBG) for the management of soft tissue/visceral sarcoma and yearly educational symposia. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of the dissemination of EBG on the key-indicators of adult sarcoma management., Methods: We conducted a before-after population-based study (before: 2005 with 63 cases, after: 2008-2009 with 86 cases) in the Lille area (Northern France urban/sub-urban area with 800,000 inhabitants). The following were the key-indicators of adult sarcoma management: pre-therapeutic biopsy, appropriate tumour and chest imaging, expert interdisciplinary discussion, expert interdisciplinary discussion before the first treatment and in operated cases, the rate of R0 resection., Results: There was no statistically significant difference in patient and tumour characteristics for the two time periods in terms of gender, prior cancer, primary location, histological subtype, grade, size, metastasis and lymph node involvement. There was no statistically significant improvement in primary tumour imaging (83 versus 87%), chest imaging (67 vs 71%), pre-therapeutic biopsy (57 vs 58%). There was an improvement in expert multidisciplinary discussion (37 vs 45%) or discussion before the first treatment (26 vs 44%) but no statistically significant. However, when soft tissue and bone sarcomas were analysed separately, we observed statistically significant improvements in expert multidisciplinary discussion (50 vs 74%, p = 0.02) and R0 resection rate (58 vs 91%, p = 0.002). In contrast, in cases of visceral sarcoma, there was no improvement in expert multidisciplinary discussion (10 vs 16%, p = 0.7) or in R0 resection (88 vs 81%, p = 0.7)., Conclusions: The dissemination of EBG was associated with a limited improvement in sarcoma management when measured in this before-after population-based study, and this improvement was dependent on the primary location of the tumour. Efforts to implement these guidelines by all surgical teams that could treat sarcoma, including visceral sarcoma, need to be made.

Objectives: Although the incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to rise in Northern France, the risks of death and cancer in this population have not been characterized., Methods: All patients <17 years, recorded in EPIMAD registry, and diagnosed between 1988 and 2004 with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were included. The observed incidences of death and cancer were compared with those expected in the regional general population obtained by French Statistical Institute (INSEE) and the cancer Registry from Lille. Comparisons were performed using Fisher's exact test and were expressed using the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and standardized incidence ratios., Results: A total of 698 patients (538 with CD and 160 with UC) were identified; 360 (52%) were men, the median age at IBD diagnosis was 14 years (12-16) and the median follow-up time was 11.5 years (7-15). During follow-up, the mortality rate was 0.84% (6/698) and did not differ from that in the reference population (SMR=1.4 (0.5-3.0); P=0.27). After a median follow-up of 15 years (10-17), 1.3% of patients (9/698) had a cancer: colon (n=2), biliary tract (cholangiocarcinoma; n=1), uterine cervix (n=1), prepuce (n=1), skin (basal cell carcinoma (n=2), hematological (acute leukemia; n=1), and small bowel carcinoid (n=1). There was a significantly increased risk of cancer regardless of gender and age (standardized incidence ratio=3.0 (1.3-5.9); P<0.02). Four out of nine patients who developed a cancer had received immunosuppressants or anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy (including combination therapy in three patients)., Conclusions: In this large pediatric population-based IBD cohort, mortality did not differ from that of the general population but there was a significant threefold increased risk of neoplasia.

Purpose: Biological markers are crucial factors in order to differentiate female breast cancers and to determine the right therapy. This study aims at evaluating whether testing for biomarkers for female breast cancer has similar frequency and characteristics across and within countries., Methods: Population-based cancer registries of the Association for cancer registration and epidemiology in Romance language countries (GRELL) were asked to complete a questionnaire on biomarkers testing. The data collected referred to invasive female breast cancer cases diagnosed between 2004 and 2009. The investigation focused on 1) the overexpression and amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 oncogene (HER2); 2) the expression of oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors; and 3) the proliferation index (PI). Weighted percentages, the heterogeneity among and within countries, and the correlation between responses and calendar years were evaluated. The study was based on 19,644 breast cancers., Results: Overall, 85.9% of the cases were tested for HER2, 91.8% for both ER and PgR, and 74.1% for proliferative markers. For HER2 and ER-PgR, the frequency of testing increased from 2004 to 2009. Testing varied among countries (HER2 from 82.0% to 95.9%, ER-PgR from 89.3% to 98.9%, PI from 10% to 92%) and also within the same country (e.g. HER2 in Italy from 51% to 99%) as well as within single cancer registries. The most relevant differences were in the scores for positive/negative/not clearly defined HER2 (e.g. HER2 was defined positive if IHC 3+ in 21/33 registries), and in the cut-off of positive cells for ER/PgR (from >0% to >30%) and PI positivity (from >0% to >20%)., Conclusions: Biological markers are widely tested in the Romance language countries; however, the parameters defining their positivity may vary, raising concerns about homogeneity in breast cancer classification and treatment., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Over the 1998-2002 period, some French Départements have been shown to have the world's highest incidence of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers in men. The objectives were to describe the changes in UADT cancer incidence in France over the 1980-2005 period, present projections for 2010, and describe the anatomical and histological characteristics of these tumours. The trend of cancer-incidence over 1980-2005 and projection up to 2010 were obtained using age-period-cohort models (data from eleven cancer registries) and incidence/mortality ratios in the area covered by these registries. The description of UADT cancers by anatomical and histological characteristics concerned data collected between 1980 and 2004 in eleven cancer registries. In men, cancer incidence decreased in all cancer sites and the world-standardized incidence rates decreased by 42.9% for lip-oral cavity-pharynx (LOCP) cancers and 50.4% for larynx cancer. In women, the world-standardized incidence rates increased by 48.6% for LOCP cancers and 66.7% for larynx cancer. Incidence increased the most for oropharynx, palate, and hypopharynx cancers. Incidence analysis by one-year cohorts revealed a progressive shift of the incidence peak towards younger and younger generations, with no change as yet in the mean age at diagnosis. In France, the incidence of these cancers is still higher than in other European and North American countries. This urges actions towards reducing the major risk factors for those cancers, namely alcohol and tobacco consumption, especially among young people, and reducing exposure to risk factors due to social inequalities., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Nutrition has a major influence after coronary events but long-term adherence to dietary advice is poorly evaluated., Aim: To evaluate if a cardiovascular rehabilitation programme including dietary counselling has a positive impact on adherence to dietary recommendations., Methods: Two groups of coronary patients were compared in an observational non-randomized study. Group I included 32 patients at the acute phase of a coronary syndrome and group II included 104 patients between six months and three years after completing a cardiovascular rehabilitation programme. The evaluation was performed with (1) a validated 14-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which gives scores for the consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), Omega-6 and Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), fruits and vegetables, and a global cardiovascular protective dietary score; and (2) biological markers., Results: SFA score was higher in group I vs II (7.4+/-2.8 vs 4.4+/-2.1, p<0.001) whereas Omega-3 PUFA (2.2+/-2.0 vs 4.7+/-2.1, p<0.001), fruit and vegetables score (3.3+/-1.4 vs 4.3+/-1.7, p=0.001) and global dietary score (-1.1+/-4.5 to 7.0+/-4.9, p<0.001) were higher in group II. The Omega-6:Omega-3 PUFA ratio was higher in group I (14.2+/-12.7 vs 6.3+/-5.4, p<0.001). Biological markers showed higher plasma contents of Omega-3 PUFA (4.05+/-1.70% vs 2.80+/-1.07%, p<0.001), folate (19.7+/-12.2 nmol/L vs 13.0+/-5.0 nmol/L, p<0.001) and vitamin C (7.60+/-3.99 mg/L vs 4.18+/-3.46 mg/L, p<0.001), and a higher erythrocyte membrane Omega-3 PUFA content (6.60+/-2.19% vs 5.38+/-2.17%, p=0.016) in group II vs I., Conclusion: Using a short FFQ, this study showed sustained improvement in dietary habits in patients with coronary heart disease who receive nutritional education during a cardiovascular rehabilitation programme.