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Abstract Plant-beneficial Pseudomonas and Bacillus have been extensively studied and applied in biocontrol of plant diseases. However, there is less known about their interaction within two-strain synthetic communities (SynCom). Our study revealed that Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5 inhibits the growth of several Bacillus species, including Bacillus velezensis. We established a two-strain combination of Pf-5 and DMW1 to elucidate the interaction. In this combination, pyoluteorin conferred the competitive advantage of Pf-5. Noteworthy, pyoluteorin-deficient Pf-5 cooperated with DMW1 in biofilm formation, production of metabolites, root colonization, tomato bacterial wilt disease control, as well as in cooperation with beneficial bacteria in tomato rhizosphere, such as Bacillus spp. RNA-seq analysis and RT-qPCR also proved the pyoluteorin-deficient Pf-5 mutant improved cell motility and metabolite production. This study suggests that the cooperative effect of Bacillus–Pseudomonas consortia depends on the balance of pyoluteorin. Our finding needs to be considered in developing efficient SynCom in sustainable agriculture.

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has high potential in fabricating large-scale structural components, offering advantages such as high forming efficiency, mold-free production, and superior energy utilization. Al–Cu alloys undergo rapid solidification and thermal cycling during WAAM, leading to anisotropy in their mechanical properties, which can compromise the performance of the alloys. To address this issue, this study proposes a homogenization treatment strategy. Employing electron microscopy, mechanical testing machines and other testing methods, a systematic analysis of the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-deposited Al–Cu alloys before and after homogenization is conducted. The investigation reveals that the as-deposited WAAM Al–Cu alloys exhibits a heterogeneous structure of fine equiaxed grains and coarse columnar grains, which significantly differentiates the mechanical properties along the scanning direction and the deposition direction. Notably, the elongation along the deposition direction falls below 8%, unsatisfactory for practical applications. An optimized homogenization treatment of 510 °C for 24 h is established. After homogenization, the coarse columnar grains transform into equiaxed grains, while the fine equiaxed grains grow, enhancing microstructural uniformity. Additionally, the homogenization treatment mitigates geometrically necessary dislocations and reduces solute segregation at grain boundaries. Consequently, the anisotropy in mechanical properties of WAAM Al–Cu alloys is eliminated after homogenization, and the elongation is elevated to over 10.2%. Moreover, we also found that homogenization facilitates the dissolution of coarse θ′ phases and promotes the precipitation of θ″ phases during artificial aging, resulting in higher strength and ductility in T6 treated Al–Cu alloy.

Abstract Subduction zones metamorphic fluids are pivotal in geological events such as volcanic eruptions, seismic activity, mineralization, and the deep carbon cycle. However, the mechanisms governing carbon mobility in subduction zones remain largely unresolved. Here we present the first observations of immiscible H2O-CH4 fluids coexisting in retrograde carbonated eclogite from the Western Tianshan subduction zone, China. We identified two types of fluid inclusions in host ankerite and amphibole, as well as in garnet and omphacite. Type-1 inclusions are water-rich with CH4 vapor, whereas Type-2 are CH4-rich, with minimal or no H2O. The coexistence of these fluid types indicates the presence of immiscible fluid phases under high-pressure conditions (P = 1.3-2.1 GPa). Carbonates in subduction zones can effectively decompose through reactions with silicates, leading to the generation of abiotic CH4. Our findings suggest that substantial amounts of carbon could be transferred from the slab to mantle wedge as immiscible CH4 fluids. This process significantly enhances decarbonation efficiency and may contribute to the formation of natural gas deposits.

Abstract Zero-shot relation extraction (ZSRE) is essential for improving the understanding of natural language relations and enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of natural language processing methods in practical applications. However, the existing ZSRE models ignore the importance of semantic information fusion and possess limitations when used for zero-shot relation extraction tasks. Thus, this paper proposes a dual contrastive learning framework and a cross-attention network module for ZSRE. First, our model designs a dual contrastive learning framework to compare the input sentences and relation descriptions from different perspectives; this process aims to achieve better separation between different relation categories in the representation space. Moreover, the cross-attention network of our model is introduced from the computer vision field to enhance the attention paid by the input instance to the relevant information of the relation description. The experimental results obtained on the Wiki-ZSL and FewRel datasets fully demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

Abstract Recently, Arıkan proposed a polarization‐adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes, demonstrating their superior error correction performance over polar codes at short block lengths. It was confirmed that PAC codes approached the optimal performance achievable with limited code length. This paper proposes a novel low‐complexity list decoding algorithm for PAC codes, incorporating path splitting and pruning strategies based on a set of highly reliable information bits. Simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces sorting complexity and average list size, all while incurring negligible performance loss. Unlike previous pruning algorithms designed for polar codes, the proposed strategy eliminates the need to individually assess the reliability of decoding paths in each decoding process. Instead, the algorithm minimizes redundant decoding paths through a high‐reliability information bit set, constructed using Monte Carlo experiments.

Abstract Background Recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) is mainly manifested as a low mood, negative and pessimistic mood, and often presents suicidal tendencies when severe. This study reports on a patient with RDD who experienced rat poison poisoning occurring tongue biting. The patient’s psychiatric symptoms improved after receiving emergency management and subsequent combined medical care. Case presentation The patient was a 51-year-old female with RDD complicated with rat poison poisoning. Tongue bite occurred on the third day of hospitalization. She received emergency treatment. Depression, anxiety and suicide risk assessment, safety management and caregiver-health education were conducted on the day of admission and before discharge. At the follow-up after discharge, the risk of suicide was reduced. Conclusions Suicide in patients with RDD is characterized by repetition and complexity. The occurrence of clinical cases involving tongue bite after gastric lavage is rare. Suicide assessment and emergency management play an auxiliary role in the treatment of patients with recurrent depressive disorder.

Abstract Taking 21 cities in Guangdong Province as the research object, this study quantitatively analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution of urbanization and ecological environment coupling from 2000 to 2020 using a coupling coordination model, and predicts the coordinated development of urbanization and ecological resilience coupling from 2000 to 2020 using an LSTM deep learning model. Analysis of the geographical data conveys the following observations: (1) Remotely sensed night-time luminosity data indicate a precipitous escalation in the urbanization quotient within Guangdong, with the Pearl River Delta, featuring Guangzhou and Shenzhen as hubs, exhibiting high levels of nocturnal radiance, in stark contrast to the lower and more dispersed illumination in the province’s northern latitudes. (2) Indices of ecological resilience suggest a progressive enhancement across Guangdong, with Maoming exhibiting the utmost resilience, succeeded by Jiangmen, Dongguan, Shenzhen, and Zhongshan in terms of ecological robustness. (3) The synergistic relationship between urbanization dynamics and ecological resilience metrics in Guangdong has been incrementally enhanced, with Qingyuan and Shaoguan exemplifying optimal coupling and coordination, while Zhongshan has experienced the most pronounced increment in these interdependencies. (4) The proportional advancement of urbanization and ecological resilience in the province is approaching a theoretical equilibrium state. (5) Projections based on spatiotemporal models forecast a gradual upgrade in the urban-ecological systems’ coupling and coordination coefficients from 2021 to 2025, with a general trend of incremental progression among the majority of the province’s urban centers towards a moderate level of integrated development.

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most challenging malignant tumors worldwide, primarily because of its high incidence and mortality rates. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 3 (P4HA3) has been established as a pivotal factor for facilitating cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis across multiple human tumors. Nevertheless, the precise role of P4HA3in GC has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to examine the role of P4HA3 as a potential biomarker for predicting immunotherapy response in patients with GC. Our comprehensive analysis of data from the TCGA, TIMER, and other databases revealed a significant association between elevated P4HA3 expression in GC and adverse prognostic outcomes. Furthermore, we confirmed that P4HA3 expression was strongly correlated with immune infiltrating cells, immune infiltration markers, the tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), the immune score, the stromal score, and immune checkpoints, thus highlighting P4HA3 as a crucial and dependable therapeutic target within the context of immune-based antitumor strategies. Our findings suggest that P4HA3 may function as an immune-related biomarker in the pathogenesis and treatment of GC, indicating that P4HA3 is a promising prognostic and therapeutic target for this malignancy.

Abstract Objective Cancer is currently the most common cause of death in adult dogs. Like humans, dogs have a one-third chance of developing cancer in their lifetime. We used shallow whole-genome sequencing (sWGS) to analyze blood cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from four tumor-bearing dogs (one with benign and three with malignant tumors) and 38 healthy dogs. Results Similar to the results observed in the healthy dogs, no copy number aberration (CNA) was detected in the dog with benign lipomas, and the distribution of cfDNA fragment size (FS) closely resembled that of the healthy dogs. However, among the three dogs diagnosed with malignant tumors, two dogs exhibited varying degrees and quantities of CNAs. Compared to the distribution of FS in the healthy dogs, the cancer dogs exhibited a noticeable shift towards shorter lengths. These findings indicated that CNA and FS profiles derived from sWGS data can be used for non-invasive cancer detection in dogs.

Abstract Background Anticipatory grief is common among family caregivers of cancer patients and may be related to caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, cognitive appraisal, and coping strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of cognitive appraisal and coping strategies in the relationship between caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, and anticipatory grief among caregivers of cancer patients. Methods This study surveyed from January to September 2023 among 265 caregivers of lung and breast cancer patients in two public hospitals. They completed measures of caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, cognitive appraisal, coping, and anticipatory grief. AMOS software was used to model the data with Bayesian structural equation modeling. Results Bayesian structural equation modeling results showed that caregiver burden had a direct effect on anticipatory grief. The chain mediating effects for cognitive appraisal tendency and coping tendency between caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, and anticipatory grief, respectively. Coping tendency acted as a mediator between psychological capital and anticipatory grief. Conclusions The relationships between caregiver burden, family resilience, and psychological capital with anticipatory grief are embedded in the mediating effects of cognitive appraisal and coping. Early identification and intervention for caregiver burden, family resilience, psychological capital, cognitive appraisal, and coping methods may prevent anticipatory grief in caregivers of cancer patients.

Abstract Background Compliance with medication is crucial for the favorable prognosis of children with epilepsy. The objective of this study was to assess the determinants of medication compliance and to construct a predictive model for the risk of non-compliance among pediatric epilepsy patients. Methods The study included children diagnosed with epilepsy and treated at our hospital between February 1 and September 30, 2023. We evaluated the demographic characteristics and medication compliance profiles of these patients. The predictive model’s performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to determine its sensitivity and specificity. Results A total of 168 children with epilepsy were analyzed. The rate of non-compliance with medication was found to be 32.74% (55 out of 168). Logistic regression identified the educational level of parents (OR = 2.844, 95% CI: 2.182–3.214), monthly household income (OR = 1.945, 95% CI: 1.203–2.422), the number of medications taken (OR = 1.883, 95% CI: 1.314–2.201), and the level of epilepsy knowledge received (OR = 2.517, 95% CI: 1.852–3.009) as significant factors influencing non-compliance (all p

Abstract The point cloud keypoint detection algorithm like USIP that uses downsampling first and then fine-tuning the sampling points cannot effectively detect the defect part of the single view defect point cloud, resulting in the inability to output the keypoints of the defect part. Therefore, this paper proposes the twin structure key point detection algorithm named TSKPD based on the idea of contrastive learning, which uses two single-view defect point clouds to synthesize relatively more complete key points for learning, so as to promote the network model to learn the features of the complete point cloud. The robustness of key point detection of point cloud is effectively improved, and the detection of single view defect point cloud is realized. The test results on ModelNet40 and ShapeNet datasets show that the coverage rate of TSKPD on the missing part of the single view defect point cloud is 12.62 higher than the existing optimal algorithm.

With the rapid development of information technology, new types of services such as remote surgery and high-precision robot control in the Internet of things and industrial Internet have necessitated new requirements for end-to-end latency. Traditional Ethernet technology has been found difficult to meet the requirements of various applications due to its transmission uncertainty property. Hence, deterministic networks have emerged as a solution, with time-sensitive networking (TSN) standing as a promising deterministic service assurance technology. TSN was designed to be compatible with traditional Ethernet, ensuring clock consistency between networks through high-precision time synchronization. By employing low-latency traffic shaping and data scheduling strategies, TSN effectively controlled data transmission delays and jitter. Furthermore, the combination of proactive fault prevention and network configuration mechanisms enabled the deterministic transmission of time-sensitive services. The deterministic service assurance technology was focused on within TSN. The background, development goals, advantages, and classification of TSN standards were introduced. An overview of current TSN standards was provided from four aspects: time synchronization, resource management, traffic control, and reliability. The current research status, both domestically and internationally, was reported. The strengths, weaknesses and applicable scenarios of different standards were analyzed and compared. The application value of TSN in fields such as automotive, industrial, and aerospace was elaborated upon, with research trends in each area being analyzed. The challenges facing the development of time-sensitive networks were summarized, and future research directions were discussed.

Abstract This study aims to enhance the durability, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of recycled fine aggregate concrete (RFAC) subjected to the combined effects of wet-dry cycles and sulfate erosion. Dry–wet cycle tests were conducted in RFAC with different admixtures of biotite metakaolin (MK) and 15% fly ash (FA) mix (M) under 5% sulfate erosion environment. The effect of 0%, 30%, 60% and 90% recycled fine aggregate (RFA) replacement of natural fine aggregate on mass loss, cubic compressive strength, relative dynamic modulus test of RFAC, damage modeling and prediction of damage life of concrete were investigated. The results showed that the concrete cubic compressive strength and relative dynamic modulus were optimal for recycled concrete at 15% MK biotite dosing and 60% RFA substitution, and its maximum service life was accurately predicted to be about 578 cycles under 5% sulfate dry–wet cycling using Weibull function model. This study is pioneering in addressing the durability of RFAC under sulfate attack combined with wet-dry cycling, employing a novel approach of incorporating MK and FA into RFAC. The findings highlight the practical application potential for using MK and FA in RFAC to produce durable and sustainable construction materials, particularly in sulfate-exposed environments. This research addresses a critical challenge in the construction industry, providing valuable insights for developing more durable and eco-friendly construction materials and contributing to long-term sustainability goals.

Under the backdrop of climate warming and changes in snow cover area, the spatial fragmentation characteristics of snow cover need to be studied in depth. In this study, we analyzed the spatial and temporal change patterns of the snow cover area and explored the changing characteristics of its spatial fragmentation in Northeast China from 1980 to 2019 using the “China AVHRR Daily Cloudless 5 km Snow Area Product Dataset.” The findings indicate that the mean stable snow cover area in Northeast China from 1980 to 2019 was 79.41 × 104 km2 (±14.47 × 104 km2), with no significant changes observed since the 1980s. However, compared to the 1980s, mountainous areas such as the Changbai Mountain and Lesser Khingan Mountain regions were identified as the main areas of snow cover recession. The mean patch size (MPS), largest pach index (LPI) and patch size coefficient of variation (PSCV) for spatial fragmentation from 1980 to 2019 showed the following rates of change of −1.06 × 104 km2/10 a (p < 0.05), −1.04%/10 a (p > 0.05), and 71.6%/10 a (p < 0.05), respectively. The spatial continuity of snow fragmentation in Northeast China has significantly increased, with fragmentation showing significant growth. From 2010 to 2019, the spatial fragmentation of snow cover in Northeast China increased by 50% compared to the 1980–1989 period. This paper suggests that the increase in temperature is the major factor leading to the fragmentation of snow cover. The main contribution of this paper is the analysis of the change characteristics of the spatial fragmentation in regional snow cover.

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS), generally referred to as cerebral infarction (CI), is a high-risk stroke. After CI, blood vessels need to be reopened, and cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI) is prone to occur during this period. Taohong Siwu Decoction (THSWD) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula that has been used to activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis. It has been confirmed that THSWD can improve CIRI caused by ischemic stroke, but its specific mechanism is not clear. Methods: We observed the protective effect of THSWD on rats that had undergone middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusin (MCAO/R) and PC12 cells after oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) injury based on the silent information regulator 1/forkhead box protein O1 (SIRT1/FOXO1) signaling pathway. We explored the role of the SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway on the use of THSWD for ischemic stroke (IS) and its mechanism from the perspectives of oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Experimental tools included neurological deficit assessment, staining, Tunel assay, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Results: We detected activation of the SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway after THSWD administration on MCAO/R rats and PC12 cells after OGD/R. THSWD attenuated oxidative stress, enhanced autophagy, and inhibited apoptosis. Conclusion: THSWD can improve CIRI by modulating the SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway.

Previous studies indicate a strong correlation between the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and lower economic status. However, these studies often struggle to delineate a clear cause–effect relationship, leaving healthcare providers uncertain about how to manage kidney disease in a way that improves patients’ financial outcomes. Our study aimed to explore and establish a causal relationship between CKD and socioeconomic status, identifying critical influencing factors. We utilized summary meta-analysis data from the CKDGen Consortium and UK Biobank. Genetic variants identified from these sources served as instrumental variables (IVs) to estimate the association between CKD and socioeconomic status. The presence or absence of CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and albuminuria were used as exposures, while income and regional deprivation were analyzed as outcomes. We employed the R packages ‘TwoSampleMR’ and ‘Mendelianrandomization’ to conduct both univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, assessing for potential pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Our univariable MR analysis revealed a significant causal relationship between high levels of albuminuria and lower income (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73–0.96, p = 0.013), with no significant pleiotropy detected. In the multivariable MR analysis, both CKD (OR = 0.867, 95% CI: 0.786–0.957, p = 0.0045) and eGFR (OR = 0.065, 95% CI: 0.010–0.437, p = 0.0049) exhibited significant effects on income. This study underscores that higher albuminuria levels in CKD patients are associated with decreased income and emphasizes the importance of effective management and treatment of albuminuria in CKD patients to mitigate both social and personal economic burdens.

Objective We conducted a community-based cohort study to predict the 3-year occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among population aged ≥60 years.Method Participants were selected from two communities through randomized cluster sampling in Jiading District of Shanghai, China. The two communities were randomly divided into a development cohort (n = 12012) and a validation cohort (n = 6248) with a 3-year follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors. A nomogram was established to predict the occurrence of CKD within 3 years. The area under the curve (AUC), the calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) curve were used to evaluate the model.Result At baseline, participants in development cohort and validation cohort were with the mean age of 68.24 ± 5.87 and 67.68 ± 5.26 years old, respectively. During 3 years, 1516 (12.6%) and 544 (8.9%) new cases developed CKD in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. Nine variables (age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, exercise, previous hypertension, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin and serum creatinine) were included in the prediction model. The AUC value was 0.742 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.728–0.756] in the development cohort and 0.881(95%CI, 0.867–0.895) in the validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curves and DCA curves demonstrate an effective predictive model.Conclusion Our nomogram model is a simple, reasonable and reliable tool for predicting the risk of 3-year CKD in community-dwelling elderly people, which is helpful for timely intervention and reducing the incidence of CKD.

Urban growth boundary (UGB) delineation is critical not only for China's urban planning policies, such as the ''three control lines'' of the Ministry of Natural Resources, but also for addressing global challenges related to sustainable urban development. This study contributes to the international discourse on urban growth management by developing an innovative artificial neural network-cellular automata (ANN-CA) model, tailored for cities experiencing rapid expansion. Using Guangzhou as a case study, we constructed an impact factor model that incorporates a wide range of factors, including urban spatial terrain, natural environment, current urban land classification, and industrial and economic conditions, along with the layout of modern service networks. The ANN-CA model was then employed to simulate urban spatial expansion and UGB delineation for the year 2030 under various constraints, such as strict protection zones and sustainable development scenarios. Our findings indicate that between 2020 and 2030, Nansha, Panyu, and Zengcheng districts will witness the most significant urban expansion, with respective area increases of 13.81 km2, 8.94 km2, and 5.8 km2, marking them as key growth areas. Furthermore, we propose that future urban expansion in Guangzhou should prioritize the southern and eastern regions, aligning with the city's strategic spatial objectives of ''moving east, expanding south, connecting west, and optimizing north.'' By emphasizing ecological protection and intensive land use, this study provides a robust framework for urban planning in Guangzhou and offers insights applicable to rapidly urbanizing regions worldwide.

Hydrogels formed by self-assembling peptides with low toxicity and high biocompatibility have been widely used in food and biomedical fields. Seafood contains rich protein resources and is also one of the important sources of natural bioactive peptides. The self-assembled peptides in seafood have good functional activity and are very beneficial to human health. In this review, the sequence of seafood self-assembly peptide was introduced, and the preparation, screening, identification and characterization. The rule of self-assembled peptides was elucidated from amino acid sequence composition, amino acid properties (hydrophilic, hydrophobic and electric), secondary structure, interaction and peptide properties (hydrophilic and hydrophobic). It was introduced that the application of hydrogels formed by self-assembled peptides, which lays a theoretical foundation for the development of seafood self-assembled peptides in functional foods and the application of biological materials.

Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of the microstructure of bone tissue, leading to an increased risk of fragility fractures and affecting human health worldwide. Food-derived peptides are widely used in functional foods due to their low toxicity, ease of digestion and absorption, and potential to improve osteoporosis. This review summarized and discussed methods of diagnosing osteoporosis, treatment approaches, specific peptides as alternatives to conventional drugs, and the laboratory preparation and identification methods of peptides. It was found that peptides interacting with RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid)-binding active sites in integrin could alleviate osteoporosis, analyzed the interaction sites between these osteogenic peptides and integrin, and further discussed their effects on improving osteoporosis. These may provide new insights for rapid screening of osteogenic peptides, and provide a theoretical basis for their application in bone materials and functional foods.

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), pose growing global health challenges. Socio-demographic and economic development acts paradoxically, complicating the process that determines how governments worldwide designate policies and allocate resources for healthcare. Methods We extracted data on ADRD and PD in 204 countries from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. Health disparities were estimated using the slope index of inequality (SII), and concentration index (CIX) based on the socio-demographic index. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were employed to evaluate temporal trends. Results Globally, the SII increased from 255.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 215.2 to 295.5)] in 1990 to 559.3 (95% CI, 497.2 to 621.3) in 2019 for ADRD, and grew from 66.0 (95% CI, 54.9 to 77.2) in 1990 to 132.5 (95% CI, 118.1 to 147.0) in 2019 for PD; CIX rose from 33.7 (95% CI, 25.8 to 41.6) in 1990 to 36.9 (95% CI, 27.8 to 46.1) in 2019 for ADRD, and expanded from 22.2 (95% CI, 21.3 to 23.0) in 1990 to 29.0 (95% CI, 27.8 to 30.3) in 2019 for PD. Age-standardized disability-adjusted life years displayed considerable upward trends for ADRD [EAPC = 0.43 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.59)] and PD [0.34 (95% CI, 0.29 to 0.38)]. Conclusions Globally, the burden of ADRD and PD continues to increase with growing health disparities. Variations in health inequalities and the impact of socioeconomic development on disease trends underscored the need for targeted policies and strategies, with heightened awareness, preventive measures, and active management of risk factors.

Abstract Background Few studies have explored the longitudinal association between eating alone and depressive symptoms, and have focused on the effect of eating alone transition. This study aims to explore the longitudinal association between eating alone, its transition and depressive symptoms among two national surveys using a cohort study design. Methods The participants aged ≥ 45 years were recruited for the 2016 to 2018 waves China Family Panel Data (CFPS) and 2015 to 2018 waves China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Eating alone was assessed by self-reported. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Cox hazard regression was used to explore the associations between eating alone, its transition and depressive symptoms after adjusting for covariates. Results A total of 21,476 participants were included in this study. The Cox model showed that compared with commensality, eating alone was associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms, both in the CFPS, CHARLS and pooled analysis. In addition, compared with commensality consistently, the transition from commensality to alone and eating alone consistently were associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms. The sensitivity analyses showed that the association remained robust. Conclusions Eating alone and a change from commensality to eating alone were associated with higher risks of depressive symptoms among Chinese middle-aged and older adults in two cohorts. This study suggested that providing eating partners may be an effective intervention method to prevent depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults.

Abstract Aims To test the association of C-reactive protein (CRP) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with gout. Methods This cohort study included 502 participants with gout from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate Cox regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were utilized to examine the association of CRP levels with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Results After adjusting for multiple variables, Cox regression analysis showed that compared with individuals in the lowest tertile of CRP levels, those in the middle and highest tertiles experienced increases in all-cause mortality risk of 74.2% and 149.7%, respectively. Similarly, the cancer mortality risk for individuals in the highest tertile of CRP levels increased by 283.9%. In addition, for each standard deviation increase in CRP, the risks of all-cause and cancer mortality increased by 25.9% and 35.4%, respectively (P 60 years), gender (male), presence or absence of hypertension, non-diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-cardiovascular disease and non-cancer. Furthermore, the association with cancer mortality was significant in subgroups including males, those without hypertension and cancer, and those with or without diabetes. However, the association with cardiovascular mortality was only significant in the non-hypertension subgroup (P

Abstract Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and intracranial hemorrhage are severe emergencies in the neonatal period. The two do not appear to be correlated. However, our report suggests that parenchymal brain hemorrhage in full-term newborns may put patients at risk for NEC by altering intestinal function through the brain-gut axis. Case presentation We present a case of spontaneous parenchymal cerebral hemorrhage in a full-term newborn who developed early-stage NEC on Day 15. Conclusions It is possible to consider brain parenchymal hemorrhage as a risk factor for the appearance of NEC. Clinicians should be highly cautious about NEC in infants who have experienced parenchymal hemorrhage. This article is the first to discuss the relationship between parenchymal hemorrhage and NEC in full-term newborns.

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) can aggravate lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and is a significant risk factor for recipient mortality after lung transplantation. Metformin protects against I/R injury in a variety of organs. However, the effect of metformin on diabetic lung I/R injury remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to observe the effect and mechanism of metformin on lung I/R injury following lung transplantation in type 2 diabetic rats. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following six groups: the control + sham group (CS group), the control + I/R group (CIR group), the DM + sham group (DS group), the DM + I/R group (DIR group), the DM + I/R + metformin group (DIRM group) and the DM + I/R + metformin + Compound C group (DIRMC group). Control and diabetic rats underwent the sham operation or left lung transplantation operation. Lung function, alveolar capillary permeability, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, necroptosis and the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio were determined after 24 h of reperfusion. Results Compared with the CIR group, the DIR group exhibited decreased lung function, increased alveolar capillary permeability, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and necroptosis, but decreased the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio. Metformin improved the function of lung grafts, decreased alveolar capillary permeability, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and necroptosis, and increased the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio. In contrast, the protective effects of metformin were abrogated by Compound C. Conclusions Metformin attenuates lung I/R injury and necroptosis through AMPK pathway in type 2 diabetic lung transplant recipient rats.

Background Currently, no universally accepted standardized VTE risk assessment model (RAM) is specifically designed for critically ill patients. Although the ICU-venous thromboembolism (ICU-VTE) RAM was initially developed in 2020, it lacks prospective external validation. Objectives To evaluate the predictive performance of the ICU-VTE RAM in terms of VTE occurrence in mixed medical-surgical ICU patients. Methods We prospectively enrolled adult patients in the ICU. The ICU-VTE score and Caprini or Padua score were calculated at admission, and the incidence of in-hospital VTE was investigated. The performance of the ICU-VTE RAM was evaluated and compared with that of Caprini or Padua RAM using the receiver operating curve. Results We included 269 patients (median age: 70 years; 62.5% male). Eighty-three (30.9%) patients experienced inpatient VTE. The AUC of the ICU-VTE RAM was 0.743 (95% CI, 0.682-0.804, P

Background and aimsTaohong Siwu Decoction (THSWD) is a traditional Chinese herbal prescription that is effective for ischemic stroke, Whether THSWD regulates the CCL2/CCR2 axis and thus reduces the inflammatory response induced by ischemic stroke is not known. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of THSWD in the treatment of ischemic stroke using bioinformatics combined with in vitro and in vivo experiments.MethodsR language was used to analyze middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat transcriptome data and to identify differential gene expression following THSWD treatment. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to analyze the gene set enrichment pathway of MCAO/R rats treated with THSWD. PPI networks screened key targets. The Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HBMEC) Oxygen Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation (OGD/R) model and SD rat models of MCAO/R were established. FITC-dextran, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and RT-qPCR were performed to identify potential treatment targets.ResultsA total of 515 differentially expressed genes of THSWD in MCAO/R rats were screened and 92 differentially expressed genes of THSWD potentially involved in stroke intervention were identified, including Cd68, Ccl2, and other key genes. In vitro, THSWD reversed the increase in permeability of HBMEC cells and M1/M2 polarization of macrophages induced by CCL2/CCR2 axis agonists. In vivo, THSWD improved nerve function injury and blood-brain barrier injury in MCAO/R rats. Further, THSWD inhibited the infiltration and polarization of macrophages, reduced the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-9, and increased the expression of IL-4, while reducing the gene and protein expression of CCL2 and CCR2.ConclusionTHSWD may play a protective role in ischemic stroke by inhibiting the CCL2/CCR2 axis, reducing the infiltration of macrophages, and promoting the polarization of M2 macrophages, thereby reducing inflammatory damage, and protecting injury to the blood-brain barrier.

One of the crucial issues confronting China is high carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Despite the numerous measures outlined to promote the country’s carbon neutrality target, CO2 emissions in the nation continue to increase. This means that more policy options are needed to help improve environmental sustainability (ES) in the nation. Hence, examining the relationship between financial development (FD), foreign direct investment, industrialization, and environmental sustainability in China to provide proper recommendations to drive the carbon neutrality agenda of the nation is deemed fitting. In attaining this goal, time-series data from the period 1990 to 2018 is employed. According to the results, foreign direct investment deteriorates environmental sustainability by promoting more CO2 emissions. This validates the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH). In addition, industrialization and financial development are not friendly to the nation’s environmental quality. Furthermore, economic growth and urbanization escalate environmental pollution in the nation. In addition, the interactions between financial development and foreign direct investment and between financial development and industrialization deteriorate the environment in China. Moreover, foreign direct investment and financial development have an inverted U-shaped association with environmental degradation, but industrialization and environmental pollution are not nonlinearly related. The study advocated for the implementation of measures that could help advance the carbon-neutrality targets of the nation.

BackgroundThe annual incidence of insomnia continues to increase owing to changes in lifestyle habits, increased work pressure, and increased environmental pollution. In recent years, an increasing number of external therapies have been proven effective in treating insomnia and have been widely used. However, the relative benefits and harms of external therapies remain uncertain, and an optimal treatment strategy has not yet been determined.ObjectivesA network meta-analysis was performed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of multiple external therapies for patients with insomnia.MethodsEight electronic databases were comprehensively searched from their inception to June 2023 for relevant literature. We also searched the grey literature and reviewed the reference lists of related systematic reviews. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment of the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using the Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook, and a network meta-analysis was conducted using Stata and RevMan software.ResultsIn total, 14,826 studies were identified. Of these, 83 studies, including 9 external therapies and 6,100 patients, were deemed eligible for the present network meta-analysis. Except for the SL outcome, each external therapy was better than conventional medicine and the sham intervention (SI) in improving sleep quality. In terms of improving the psychological state indices of insomnia patients, each external therapy was superior to the SI; each external therapy had a better effect on the regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters. Tuina may be the most effective intervention in improving the total effective rate, Pittsburgh sleep quality index score, and SL. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) perhaps resulted in the best improvement in total sleep time and awakening time (surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA] = 78.3 and 75.4%, respectively); and moxibustion (MB) and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) were the most effective in reducing Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale scores. In terms of improving the monoamine neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, the best interventions were acupoint catgut embedding, electroacupuncture, and Tuina (SUCRA = 82.0, 69.9 and 90.3%, respectively). Safety results showed that the three safest interventions were the SI, Tuina, and foot bath. No serious adverse events were reported across the studies, and the most common minor adverse events included drowsiness, pain, excessive thirst, and hematoma.ConclusionBoth Tuina and rTMS have significant effects on improving sleep quality, but the safety of rTMS is low. Therefore, Tuina can be recommended as the first line of treatment to improve sleep quality. If a patient’s anxiety and depression symptoms are evident, MB or HBO can be selected for treatment based on the actual situation. External therapy to improve sleep quality may be related to the regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters, which may be a potential mechanism of action.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=440882.

AimTo investigate the current situation and need for post-competence training for psychiatric nurses in China and provide a reference for the development of training programs for psychiatric nurses.DesignA cross-sectional design.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from August to October 2023 with 435 psychiatric nurses from 34 hospitals in 24 provinces of mainland China. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and chi-square tests were used for data analysis.ResultsThe training content for psychiatric nurses is extensive, and the training load is large. Psychiatric nurses have high training demands for first aid knowledge, emergency handling ability, and anti-riot skills. Nurses with different years of experience have different training needs. The training needs of psychiatric nurses in specialized and general hospitals also different.ConclusionThe training status of psychiatric nurses is not consistent with the demand. Managers should combine this with psychiatric nurses’ own work needs to develop practical and effective training programs.

This study examined the impact of various combinations of metakaolin and 15% fly ash mix (M) on the mechanical properties and durability of recycled fine aggregate concrete (RFAC), aiming to enhance the properties, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of concrete, while also determining the optimal metakaolin admixture. And the effect of 0%, 30%, 60%, and 90% recycled fine aggregate replaced natural fine aggregate on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and carbonation resistance of RFAC was investigated, and the functional relationship equation of the compressive strength and the model of carbonation depth were established. The results showed that the change rule in mechanical strength and carbonation depth of the recycled concrete with metakaolin were the same as those of the concrete with metakaolin natural aggregate. When metakaolin is mixed in amounts less than 15%, it has a positive effect on the mechanical properties of RFAC, particularly its compressive strength. And the increase in the dosage of metakaolin is obviously advantageous for the improvement of the carbonation resistance of RFAC. Recycled fine aggregates acted negatively on the various properties of concrete and the extent of effect increased with the increase in substitution rate. When 15% fly ash is used as cementitious material, it can be compounded with 15% metakaolin to formulate RFAC with excellent performance, and the recycled fine aggregate can be replaced by 60%.

Abstract Background and aims Recent studies have shown that intestinal flora are involved in the pathological process of ischemic stroke (IS). The potential protective effect of the traditional Chinese prescription, Tao Hong Si Wu Decoction (THSWD), against inflammatory injury after IS and its underlying mechanisms of action were investigated in the current study. Methods Fifty SPF(Specefic pathogen Free) male C57 mice were randomly assigned to sham operation, model, THSWD low-dose (6.5 g/kg), medium-dose (13 g/kg) and high-dose (26 g/kg) groups (10 mice per group). Mouse models of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion were prepared via thread embolism. Neurological function score, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and other methods were employed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Notably, THSWD induced a reduction in the neurological function score (P

In this work, a progressive micropunching technology was proposed to form complex shaped microparts using thin copper strip with a thickness of 200 μm. The mechanical properties, microstructure and texture of the annealed thin copper strip were systematically studied, and the quality of the formed microparts through both 1-step micropunching and progressive micropunching were evaluated and discussed. The results show that annealing temperatures of 500 and 600 °C are beneficial to improve the plasticity and formability of copper strips, thereby enhancing the dimensional and shape accuracy of formed complex shaped microparts. Compared with the formed products after 1-step micropunching, the smooth zone of the microparts by progressive micropunched increases by 25%. Also, progressive micropunching significantly improves the surface finish of the cross section of formed microparts. Overall, the proposed progressive micropunching process is functional to enhance the dimensional and shape accuracy of punched parts, exhibiting superiority in comparison with 1-step micropunching process.

Lightweight lattice structures can have their mechanical properties and failure modes predicted through computer simulation. This approach has great potential for use in aerospace, the automotive industry, and defense equipment. However, due to the limitations of the LPBF process, fabricated lattice structures contain internal defects that affect the compression response, which leads to high-level errors in finite element method (FEM) predictions and experimental results. Thus, in this paper, a finite element model considering the effect of pore defects was built by using finite element simulation in connection with the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) damage model to investigate the compressive behavior and mechanical response of the body-centered cubic lattice structure of AlSi10Mg alloys prepared by the LPBF process. A three-dimensional reconstruction of the molded BCC lattice structure was performed by computed tomography (CT) to obtain the structure's distribution and shape of micropores. Using a combination of simulation (FEM-GTN) and experimentation, the effects of process parameters on the compressive properties and mechanical behavior of the BCC lattice structure during quasi-static compression were investigated. The results show that the FEM simulation results corrected by the GTN damage model are in better accordance with the experimental results (the error rate is reduced by more than 10 %) compared to the FEM simulation results without considering the influence of the pore defects, which proves the higher accuracy of the FEM-GTN simulation model. This work provides a reference for the property prediction and fabrication of high-performance, lightweight lattice structures.

Abstract The tourism industry in China presents uneven tourism efficiency but deepening spatial associations; thus, tourism resources must be more rationally allocated. In this study, the highly efficient SBM model was used to measure the tourism environmental efficiency of 31 provinces in China. A spatial correlation network is then constructed based on the gravity model, and the structural characteristics and influencing factors of the network are analyzed. The results show that (1) the overall tourism environmental efficiency in China presents a fluctuating growth trend, with significantly higher values observed in the eastern region than in the central and western regions; moreover, the growth in efficiency in the eastern region has been relatively stable in recent years, that in the central region has increased, while that in the western region has significantly declined. (2) A spatially linked network with a stable tourism environmental efficiency structure has been formed in China. The number of network relations and density of the network fluctuate and increase, while the network efficiency continues to decrease; however, a strong small-world nature is observed. (3) An obvious network core–edge structure is observed, with Shanghai, Beijing, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu at the center showing a significant intermediary role and remote provinces such as Tibet, Xinjiang, Ningxia, and Inner Mongolia at the edge showing fewer connections. (4) The four major plates of China based on the CONCOR algorithm are sparsely connected internally and show strong inter-plate connections and spillover effects. (5) The industry support capacity difference matrix, technological development level difference matrix, transportation accessibility difference matrix, and environmental regulation level difference matrix significantly and positively affect spatial associations, while the geographical distance matrix significantly and negatively affect spatial association relationship establishment. These findings have important theoretical and practical significance for the sustainable development of tourism in China's provinces and cities.

Abstract Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by China’s two-child policy. Methods A mixed-method study involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires encompassed socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, as well as the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Initially, the participants were required to complete the questionnaires, enabling us to assess their respective pregnancy stress statuses. Subsequently, we selectively interviewed pregnant women with a second child and exhibited at least mild pregnancy stress. The qualitative study sought to uncover the factors contributing to their stress during pregnancy. Results A total of 463 subjects were enrolled; of the subjects, 22 (4.8%) had no stress, 407 (87.9%) had mild stress, 34 (7.3%) had moderate stress. Generalized linear regression analysis revealed significant factors (P

Abstract Background Enzyme therapy based on differential metabolism of cancer cells has demonstrated promising potential as a treatment strategy. Nevertheless, the therapeutic benefit of reported enzyme drugs is compromised by their uncontrollable activity and weak stability. Additionally, thermozymes with high thermal-stability suffer from low catalytic activity at body temperature, preventing them from functioning independently. Results Herein, we have developed a novel thermo-enzymatic regulation strategy for near-infrared (NIR)-triggered precise-catalyzed photothermal treatment of breast cancer. Our strategy enables efficient loading and delivery of thermozymes (newly screened therapeutic enzymes from thermophilic bacteria) via hyaluronic acid (HA)-coupled gold nanorods (GNRs). These nanocatalysts exhibit enhanced cellular endocytosis and rapid enzyme activity enhancement, while also providing biosafety with minimized toxic effects on untargeted sites due to temperature-isolated thermozyme activity. Locally-focused NIR lasers ensure effective activation of thermozymes to promote on-demand amino acid deprivation and photothermal therapy (PTT) of superficial tumors, triggering apoptosis, G1 phase cell cycle arrest, inhibiting migration and invasion, and potentiating photothermal sensitivity of malignancies. Conclusions This work establishes a precise, remotely controlled, non-invasive, efficient, and biosafe nanoplatform for accurate enzyme therapy, providing a rationale for promising personalized therapeutic strategies and offering new prospects for high-precision development of enzyme drugs. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Objective As the predominant complication in preterm infants, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) necessitates accurate identification of infants at risk and expedited therapeutic interventions for an improved prognosis. This study evaluates the potential of Monosaccharide Composite (MC) enriched with environmental information from circulating glycans as a diagnostic biomarker for early-onset BPD, and, concurrently, appraises BPD risk in premature neonates. Materials and methods The study incorporated 234 neonates of ≤32 weeks gestational age. Clinical data and serum samples, collected one week post-birth, were meticulously assessed. The quantification of serum-free monosaccharides and their degraded counterparts was accomplished via High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Logistic regression analysis facilitated the construction of models for early BPD diagnosis. The diagnostic potential of various monosaccharides for BPD was determined using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, integrating clinical data for enhanced diagnostic precision, and evaluated by the Area Under the Curve (AUC). Results Among the 234 neonates deemed eligible, BPD development was noted in 68 (29.06%), with 70.59% mild (48/68) and 29.41% moderate-severe (20/68) cases. Multivariate analysis delineated several significant risk factors for BPD, including gestational age, birth weight, duration of both invasive mechanical and non-invasive ventilation, Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA), pregnancy-induced hypertension, and concentrations of two free monosaccharides (Glc-F and Man-F) and five degraded monosaccharides (Fuc-D, GalN-D, Glc-D, and Man-D). Notably, the concentrations of Glc-D and Fuc-D in the moderate-to-severe BPD group were significantly diminished relative to the mild BPD group. A potent predictive capability for BPD development was exhibited by the conjunction of gestational age and Fuc-D, with an AUC of 0.96. Conclusion A predictive model harnessing the power of gestational age and Fuc-D demonstrates promising efficacy in foretelling BPD development with high sensitivity (95.0%) and specificity (94.81%), potentially enabling timely intervention and improved neonatal outcomes.

Change detection (CD) is a fundamental operation in remote sensing image interpretation. This process employs a range of image processing and recognition techniques to identify semantic alterations in the same geographical region across different temporal phases. However, most of existing CD methods rarely utilize the relationship between dual-time phase features. In addition, they tend to overlook the potential benefits of integrating spatial and channel information, which impairs their ability to discern fine details and address pseudochanges. To address these limitations, we propose a cross-perception and hierarchical similarity metric network (CPHSM-Net). The features are first captured using a feature extractor that adds an adaptive spatial channel enhancement (ASCE) strategy to adaptively obtain a more meaningful representation of the features. Then, the relationships between the features of each layer are captured by the cross-perception (CP) module. Finally, the variation feature description is further enhanced by the hierarchical similarity metric (HSM) module, which is designed to capture the variations and differences in the images. The F1 scores obtained by CPHSM-Net in experimental tests on three publicly available datasets (LEVIR-CD, WHU-CD, and DSIFN-CD) were 91.07%, 92.56%, and 65.75%, respectively, which is superior to the state-of-the-art comparison methods.

The task of named entity recognition has been widely used in medical text analysis, but there is still the problem of poor transfer ability in practical applications. This work proposes a novel named entity recognition method based on a proposed knowledge distillation framework and Efficient GlobalPointer for Chinese biomedical and clinical data. Specifically, our study leverages the Efficienct GlobalPointer to address the issue of entity nesting and introduces a context shield window to mitigate interference from redundant information. Furthermore, the model’s generalization ability is enhanced through a novel knowledge distillation framework. The proposed knowledge distillation framework solves the problem of independent feature learning process in feature distillation by using linkage mechanism. The recognition accuracy is improved by the proposed knowledge distillation method while keeping the model complexity low, so that our method can meet the inference speed requirement in real applications while ensuring a certain recognition accuracy. Our method achieves excellent experimental results on three publicly available Chinese datasets, where the comprehensive evaluation metric F1 exceeds the best results achieved by existing methods.

Spatial variation of riverbed topography caused by the difference of dynamic conditions of surface water affects spatial distribution of pressure at water-sediment interface, which has an important influence on the interaction between surface water and groundwater and the interaction between groundwater and wetland water. To reveal the influence mechanism of riverbed undulations on surface water-ground water interaction, This study established a groundwater flow numerical simulation model and analyzed the influence mechanism of riverbed topography on surface water-groundwater-wetland interaction process based on the characteristics of riverbed topographic undulations of a profile at Liuyuankou, Kaifeng, the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The results show that: (1) compared with flat riverbed, the variable riverbed topography leads to an increasing exchange fluxes between surface water and between groundwater and wetland water; (2) The spatial fluctuation of riverbed topography forms different levels of groundwater flow systems at the bottom of the riverbed, and changes the groundwater flow path and the travel time. Compared with the flat bed topography, the variation of the topography of river bed complicates the groundwater flow path in the underlying aquifer. Retention areas are developed in different positions in the aquifer near the bed interface. Moreover, the greater topography degree of the river bed, the older the groundwater age in the aquifer beneath the wetland bed and aquifer near the wetland. This study can provide theoretical basis for promoting the coordinated protection of surface water, groundwater and wetland water in the suspended reach of the lower Yellow River.

Super-homogeneous functions including homogeneous functions, quasi-homogeneous functions, and several non-homogeneous functions are considered. Using the weight function method, the construction conditions of Hilbert-type multiple integral inequalities with super-homogeneous kernels are first discussed. Then, using the obtained results, the construction problem of bounded multiple integral operators with super-homogeneous kernels in weighted Lebesgue space is discussed, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for operator boundedness and the operator norm formula are obtained.

Sugar beet has strong drought resistance and requires a large amount of nitrogen (N) during growth. Can deficit irrigation combined with low N supply of sugar beet improve water productivity (WP) and N use efficiency (NUE)? In this field study in 2020–2021, two irrigation regimes (W1, field capacity (FC) of the 0–60 cm soil layer was not lower than 70% from 45 days after emergence (DAE) to harvest period; W2, FC of the 0–60 cm soil layer was not lower than 50% in 45–90 DAE, but was consistent with that of W1 after 90 DAE) and three N application rates (0 (N0), 150 (N1), and 225 (N2) kg N ha−1) were designed. Then, their impacts on taproot yield (TY), water consumption (WC) and N uptake (NU) were explored. The results showed that there was no significant difference in TY between W2 and W1 treatments under the N1 and N2 levels. Under the N1 and N2 levels, the daily water consumption (DWC, 0.121 and 0.125 mm ℃d−1) and daily N uptake (DNU, 53.6 and 71.6 g N ℃d−1) of W2 treatment were significantly lower than the DWC (0.161 and 0.164 mm ℃d−1) and DNU (60.6 and 86.5 g N ℃d−1) of W1 treatment in 0–90 DAE. The W2N1 treatment had similar WP and higher NUE compared with the W1N2 treatment. In addition, the fertilizer-15N recovery rate in W2N1 treatment was 8.8% higher than that in W1N2 treatment, the fertilizer-15N loss rate was 6.6% lower than that in W1N2 treatment, but there was no difference in the fertilizer-15N residue between the two. This study clarified that implementing W2 deficit irrigation (50% FC at the canopy rapid growth stage (45–90 DAE)) and N1 nitrogen application rate (33% nitrogen reduction based on 225 kg N ha−1) could not reduce TY but improve WP and NUE.

Introduction The onset of cancer compels patients to grapple with existential questions. Enabling individuals with cancer, irrespective of the disease stage, to experience meaningful lives is of utmost importance in enhancing their overall quality of life. This study will synthesise qualitative research evidence to understand cancer patients’ perceptions and perspectives regarding their meaning in life. Such insights ultimately contribute to enhancing the profound experience of meaning throughout the life course of cancer patients.Methods and analysis The English and Chinese databases we will search include the Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMbase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Data, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals. Two independent reviewers will assess the quality of the included studies using the standard JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research and extract data using the standard JBI Data Extraction Tool for Qualitative Research. The JBI meta-aggregation approach will be employed to compare, analyse and summarise the original results. To enhance confidence in the synthesised results of the qualitative study, the final synthesised study results will be graded using the JBI ConQual approach.Ethics and dissemination External ethical approval is not necessary for this review since it involves a retrospective analysis of publicly available primary data through secondary analysis. The findings of the review will be disseminated by publishing them in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023447664.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting from dysregulated lipid metabolism, constituting the pathophysiological foundation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. AS has a high incidence rate and mortality rate worldwide. As such, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used recently due to its stable therapeutic effect and high safety. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) are the main active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum, a Chinese herbal medicine. Research has also shown that GLP has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, regulates gut microbiota, improves blood glucose and lipid levels, and inhibits obesity. Most of the current research on GLP anti-AS is focused on animal models. Thus, its clinical application remains to be discovered. In this review, we combine relevant research results and start with the pathogenesis and risk factors of GLP on AS, proving that GLP can prevent and treat AS, providing a scientific basis and reference for the future prevention and treatment of AS with GLP.

ObjectiveInvestigate the impact of combined computerized cognitive training and occupational therapy on individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsWe randomly assigned 118 MCI patients into two groups: a combined intervention group (n = 37) and a control group (n = 81), the latter receiving standard nursing care. The intervention group additionally underwent 12 weeks of computerized cognitive training and occupational therapy. Blind assessors evaluated cognitive performance, anxiety, depression, and daily living activities before the intervention, post-intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up.ResultsRepeated-measures analysis of variance showed that the sMoCA scores, HAMA scores, and ADL scores of the experimental group at T2 (post-intervention) and T3 (3-month follow-up) were higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a benign, self-limiting illness that can progress to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in approximately 30% of cases. Neurological injuries can occur in both diseases, albeit with distinct presentations. Venous sinus thrombosis is a serious cerebrovascular complication in patients with neuropsychiatric SLE but is rarely observed in patients with KFD. The involvement of various antibodies, particularly antiphospholipid antibodies, can cause vascular endothelial cell injury, resulting in focal cerebral ischemia and intracranial vascular embolism in SLE. However, there are cases in which thrombotic pathology occurs without antiphospholipid antibody positivity, attributed to vascular lesions. In this report, we present a case of KFD and lupus encephalopathy featuring cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, despite the patient being negative for antiphospholipid antibody. We also conducted a comparative analysis of C3 and C4 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood, along with the protein ratio in CSF and serum, to elucidate the pathological changes and characteristics of lupus encephalopathy.

Abstract Background Numerous studies have explored care interventions to improve the psychological outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but inconclusive evidence makes it difficult for decision-makers, managers, and clinicians to get familiar with all available literature and find appropriate interventions. This umbrella review aimed to analyze the relationship between care intervention and psychological outcomes of ICU patients based on existing systematic reviews. Methods An umbrella review of evidence across systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 1987 and 2023 was undertaken. We systematically searched reviews that examined the association between care intervention and the improvement of adverse psychological outcomes in ICU patients using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and manual reference screening. The measurement tool (AMSTAR 2) was applied to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies. The excess significance bias, between-study heterogeneity expressed by I 2, small-study effect, and evidence class were estimated. Results A total of 5110 articles were initially identified from the search databases and nine of them were included in the analysis. By applying standardized criteria, only weak evidence was observed in 13 associations, even though most included reviews were of moderate to high methodological quality. These associations pertained to eight interventions (music therapy, early rehabilitation, post-ICU follow-up, ICU diary, information intervention, preoperative education, communication and psychological support, surrogate decision-making) and five psychological outcomes (post-intensive care syndrome, transfer anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression). Weak or null association was shown among the rest of the associations (e.g., weak association between music therapy and maternal anxiety or stress level). Conclusions The evidence of these eight supporting interventions to improve the adverse psychological outcomes of ICU patients and caregivers was weak. Data from more and better-designed studies with larger sample sizes are needed to establish robust evidence.