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Abstract Purpose Identifying primary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA) preoperatively is challenging, often relying on postoperative pathology. Invasive biopsy increases bleeding risk, emphasizing the importance of early PHA diagnosis through imaging. However, comprehensive summaries of ultrasound, abdominal computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and whole- body positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) in this context are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the comprehensive imaging characteristics of PHA. Patients and methods Imaging data were collected from 7 patients diagnosed with PHA via pathology between January 2000 and December 2019 in two provincial grade III hospitals. All patients underwent routine color ultrasound examinations before surgery, with 3 patients receiving contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).CT scans, both plain and enhanced, were performed on 5 patients, and whole-body PET-CT examinations were conducted on 2 patients. Results Among the 7 patients with PHA, 4 presented with a single solid intrahepatic mass (2 of which were large), 1 with a single exophytic macroblock type, 1 with a mixed type featuring multiple masses and nodules, and 1 with a multiple nodule type. Conventional ultrasound of PHA showed uneven echoes within the tumor, potentially accompanied by septal zone echoes, and a blood flow grade of 0-I. CEUS displayed early-stage circular high enhancement, a central non-enhancement area, and a "vascular sign" around the tumor. CT scans revealed low-density shadows in the plain scan stage, high peripheral ring enhancement, and punctate nodular enhancement in the arterial phase, with varying intensities and the presence of a "vascular sign." During the portal vein stage, the interior of the tumor was consistently unfilled and exhibited structural disorder. PET-CT showed low-density lesions in the liver and low fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism. Conclusions Imaging diagnosis plays a crucial role in PHA diagnosis. When liver tumor imaging matches the above characteristics, consider PHA.

Abstract Bone metastasis is an essential factor affecting the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa), and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are closely related to distant tumor metastasis. Here, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and Cytoscape application were used to identify diagnostic markers for metastatic events in PCa. We screened ten hub genes, eight of which had area under the ROC curve (AUC) values > 0.85. Subsequently, we aim to develop a bone metastasis-related model relying on differentially expressed genes in CTCs for accurate risk stratification. We developed an integrative program based on machine learning algorithm combinations to construct reliable bone metastasis-related genes prognostic index (BMGPI). On the basis of BMGPI, we carefully evaluated the prognostic outcomes, functional status, tumor immune microenvironment, somatic mutation, copy number variation (CNV), response to immunotherapy and drug sensitivity in different subgroups. BMGPI was an independent risk factor for disease-free survival in PCa. The high risk group demonstrated poor survival as well as higher immune scores, higher tumor mutation burden (TMB), more frequent co-occurrence mutation, and worse efficacy of immunotherapy. This study highlights a new prognostic signature, the BMGPI. BMGPI is an independent predictor of prognosis in PCa patients and is closely associated with the immune microenvironment and the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Mechanically strong magnesium-doped Ca-silicate bioceramic scaffolds have many advantages in repairing large segmental bone defects. Herein we combine β-TCP with 6 mol% magnesium-doped calcium silicate (Mg6) at three different ratios (TCP, TCP+15 %Mg6, TCP+85 %Mg6) to find an appropriate ratio which can exert considerable influence on bone regeneration. In this study, the bioceramic scaffolds were assessed for mechanical strength, bioactive ion release, biocompatibility, and osteogenic capacity through in vitro testing. Additionally, the potential for promoting bone regeneration was investigated through in vivo implantation of porous tube-like scaffolds. The results showed that the compressive strength increased with the augmentation of Mg6 component. Especially the compressive strength of the TCP+85 %Mg6 group reached 38.1 ± 3.8 MPa, three times that of the other two groups. Furthermore, extensive in vivo investigations revealed that the TCP+85 %Mg6 bioceramic scaffolds were particularly beneficial for the osteogenic capacity of critical-sized femoral defects (20 mm in length). Altogether, magnesium doping in bioceramic implants is a promising strategy to provide stronger mechanical support and enhance osteogenesis to accelerate the repair of large defects.

BackgroundThe relation between mental disorders (MDs) and infertility can be reciprocal. But exactly which MD affects infertility remains controversial. Our aim was to use Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore bidirectional causality between 15 MDs and male infertility and female infertility.MethodsThe data of MDs, male infertility, and female infertility were derived from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse variance weighted method was considered to be the main analytical approach. Sensitivity analysis was performed using MR-Egger, Cochran’s Q, radial MR, and MR-PRESSO tests.ResultsOur results found that mood disorders (OR, 1.4497; 95% CI, 1.0093 – 2.0823; P = 0.0444) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR, 1.3921; 95% CI, 1.0943 – 1.7709; P = 0.0071) were positively correlated with male infertility, but obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR, 0.8208; 95% CI, 0.7146 – 0.9429; P = 0.0052) was negatively associated with male infertility. For females, anorexia nervosa (OR, 1.0898; 95% CI, 1.0070 – 1.1794; P = 0.0329), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR, 1.1013; 95% CI, 1.0041 – 1.2079; P = 0.0406), and major depressive disorder (OR, 1.1423; 95% CI, 1.0213 – 1.2778; P = 0.0199) increased risk of infertility. In reverse relationship, female infertility increased the incidence of bipolar disorder (OR, 1.0009; 95% CI, 1.0001 – 1.0017; P = 0.0281).ConclusionWe demonstrated the association between five MDs and male or female infertility. Female infertility was also found to be associated with an increased risk of one MD. We look forward to better designed epidemiological studies to support our results.

Abstract Background Ilizarov method has become one of primary methods for treating bone defects. Currently, there is growing trend in the application of modified Ilizarov methods (e.g., applying unilateral external fixators or with flap tissue) and its combined methods (e.g., Ilizarov method with antibiotic spacer or internal fixation) to manage bone defects. However, there is a lack of studies with systematical evaluation of the clinical effects of these evolving methods. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis for overall evaluating the clinical effects on long bone defects of lower extremity in Ilizarov methods and its combined methods. Methods Studies were identified in three electronic databases (Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library) from the earliest indexing year through November 01, 2022, and relevant data were extracted subsequently. The total number of participants, number of participants with bone unions, bone result or functional result, and related complications including pin infection, pin loosening, pain, refracture, limb discrepancy, malalignment, joint stiffness, recurrent infection, and amputation were extracted in this study. Then, union rate (defined as the proportion of patients who achieved bone unions) and specific complication incidence rate (defined as the proportion of patients who experienced specific complication) were pooled estimated respectively. Relative risk (RR) was used for comparing the clinical effects among various Ilizarov technique. Results Sixty-eight case series studies, 29 comparative studies, and 3 randomized clinical trials were finally included. The union rate of Ilizarov methods was 99.29% (95% CI: 98.67% ~ 99.86%) in tibial defects and 98.81% (95% CI: 98.81% ~ 100.00%) in femoral defects. The union rate of Ilizarov method with antibiotic spacer and intramedullary nail in tibial defects was 99.58% (95% CI: 98.05% ~ 100.00%) and 95.02% (95% CI: 87.28% ~ 100.00%), respectively. Compared to the Ilizarov methods, the union rate of the Ilizarov method with antibiotic spacer in tibial defects increased slightly (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 ~ 1.04). Meanwhile, compared to Ilizarov methods, we found lower excellent rate in bone result in Ilizarov method with antibiotic spacer, with the moderate to high heterogeneity. Compared to the Ilizarov method, lower rate of pin infection, higher rate of recurrent infection and amputation were observed in Ilizarov method with intramedullary nail, however, the findings about the comparison of pin infection and recurrent infection between the two groups were presented with high degree of statistical heterogeneity. Conclusion Our study confirmed the reliable treatment of Ilizarov methods and its combined technique on long bone defects, and founded there were significant differences on some complications rate between Ilizarov methods and its combined technique. However, the findings need to be confirmed by further studies.

Abstract Keverprazan, a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker, was approved for treating acid‐related diseases. This study aimed to analyze the safety, pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of multiple doses of keverprazan. This was a randomized, positive‐/placebo‐controlled, phase Ic trial. Twenty‐six healthy adults were randomized to receive 20 mg/day keverprazan (n = 8), 40 mg/day keverprazan (n = 8), placebo (n = 6), or 20 mg/day vonoprazan (n = 4) for 7 days. Safety, PK and PD assessments were conducted. In the keverprazan, vonoprazan, and placebo groups, adverse events (AEs) were reported in nine (56.25%), two (50.00%), and three (50.00%) subjects, respectively. AEs were mild except a moderate abdominal pain leading to withdraw. No serious AEs occurred. The plasma concentration‐time profiles of keverprazan showed rapid absorption (median time to maximum plasma concentration of 1.25–3.0 h). The terminal half‐life was 6.23 and 7.01 h for keverprazan 20 and 40 mg groups on day 7. The maximum plasma concentration was 43.1 and 93.2 ng/mL, respectively. There was no apparent accumulation of keverprazan and the major metabolite after 7‐day administration. The intragastric pH greater than 5 holding time ratios (HTRs) over 24 h postdose increased from 79.1%, 84.4%, and 84.5% on day 1 to 99.0%, 97.4%, and 100.0% on day 7 in the vonoprazan 20 mg and keverprazan 20 and 40 mg groups, respectively. The intragastric pH greater than 5 HTR of keverprazan reached a plateau at 20 mg. Keverprazan is well‐tolerable. A steady‐state in exposure was generally reached after 7 days of treatment. A dose of 20 mg/day keverprazan can elicit a significant, stable, and long‐lasting gastric acid inhibition effect.

The Longdong Loess Plateau is an important rainfed agricultural area in China.It is of great significance to study the differences of land surface processes under different farmland for understanding the regional land-atmosphere interaction.Based on the farmland micrometeorological and lysimeters observation data of Qingyang City， Gansu Province from June 2021 to May 2022， this paper analyzed the differences in microclimate and evapotranspiration characteristics of three different crops： apple， corn， and wheat； combined with correlation analysis and sensitivity analysis， the main influencing factors of evapotranspiration from the underlying surface of different crops were discussed.The results showed that： （1） The temperature and land-air temperature difference in the apple field were smaller during the growing period； the relative humidity of corn field was higher than that of wheat field， especially in the canopy； the surface albedo of corn field was basically lower throughout the year， but it increased in May due to covering with mulch film， and its annual average net radiation was significantly lower than that of the apple field and wheat field； （2） The daily variation of evapotranspiration basically followed the mid-growth stage > the early growth stage > the maturity stage， the evapotranspiration of corn was the largest in the mid-growth period， reaching a maximum of 4.9 mm·d-1， and the annual daily evapotranspiration of wheat field was less than 3 mm·d-1.during the whole growth period， the change of daily evapotranspiration of apple field was the most， while that of wheat field was relatively stable； （3）Net radiation was the main meteorological driving factor for evapotranspiration change in apple field and corn field during the growing period， but it had relatively little effect in wheat field； the sensitivity of evapotranspiration to saturated water vapor pressure difference in the growing period of the three places was smaller than that in the non-growing period.

AimsTo evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of cetagliptin (CAS number:2243737-33-7) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A population PK/PD model was developed to quantify the PK and PD characteristics of cetagliptin in patients.Materials and methods32 Chinese adults with T2DM were enrolled in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive either cetagliptin (50 mg or 100 mg), placebo, or sitagliptin (100 mg) once daily for 14 days. Blood samples were collected for PK and PD analysis. Effects on glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon were evaluated following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (day15). Effects on HbA1c and glycated albumin (GA), and safety assessments were also conducted. Meanwhile, a population PK/PD model was developed by a sequential two-step analysis approach using Phoenix.ResultsFollowing multiple oral doses, cetagliptin was rapidly absorbed and the mean half-life were 34.9-41.9 h. Steady-state conditions were achieved after 1 week of daily dosing and the accumulation was modest. The intensity and duration of DPP-4 inhibition induced by 50 mg cetagliptin were comparable with those induced by sitagliptin, and 100 mg cetagliptin showed a much longer sustained DPP-4 inhibition (≥80%) than sitagliptin. Compared with placebo group, plasma active GLP-1 AUEC0-24h increased by 2.20- and 3.36-fold in the 50 mg and 100 mg cetagliptin groups. A decrease of plasma glucose and increase of insulin and C-peptide were observed following OGTT in cetagliptin groups. Meanwhile, a tendency of reduced GA was observed, whereas no decreasing trend was observed in HbA1c. All adverse events related to cetagliptin and sitagliptin were assessed as mild. A population PK/PD model was successfully established. The two-compartment model and Sigmoid-Emax model could fit the observed data well. Total bilirubin (TBIL) was a covariate of volume of peripheral compartment distribution (V2), and V2 increased with the increase of TBIL.ConclusionsCetagliptin was well tolerated, inhibited plasma DPP-4 activity, increased plasma active GLP-1 levels, and exhibited a certain trend of glucose-lowering effect in patients with T2DM. The established population PK/PD model adequately described the PK and PD characteristics of cetagliptin.

BackgroundAlthough immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show a significant overall survival advantage over standard advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) therapies, tumor response to these agents remains poor. Some studies have shown that combination therapy including an ICI appears to be the best treatment; however, the overall benefit in terms of efficacy and toxicity still needs to be assessed. Thus, we performed a network meta-analysis to evaluate the differences in the efficacy of several combinations that include an ICI to provide a basis for clinical treatment selection.MethodsWe conducted a thorough search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for articles from January 2010 to June 2023. R 4.4.2 and STATA 16.0 were used to analyze data; hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the results.ResultsAn indirect comparison showed that nivolumab plus cabozantinib and pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib were the most effective treatments for progression-free survival (PFS), with no significant differences between the two interventions (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.96–1.78; P=0.08); rank probability showed that pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib had a 57.1% chance of being the preferred treatment. In the absence of indirect comparisons between pembrolizumab plus axitinib, nivolumab plus ipilimumab, avelumab plus axitinib, nivolumab plus cabozantinib, and pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib, pembrolizumab plus axitinib (40.2%) was the best treatment option for overall survival (OS). Compared to pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib, nivolumab plus ipilimumab (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01–0.65; P=0.02) and pembrolizumab plus axitinib (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.00–0.78; P

ObjectiveThis network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to compare and rank the effects of training interventions including aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), combined aerobic and resistance training (CT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on vital metabolic indicators in adults with overweight and obesity.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from 1990 to February 2023. Articles were included if they described randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of exercise training on anthropometry parameters, lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with overweight and obesity. Weighted mean difference with 95% CI was calculated.ResultsA total of 28 studies with 1,620 patients were included. Results revealed that AE exerts best effects on weight loss (−2.35 [−4.05, −0.64]) and body mass index (−0.9 [−1.38, −0.42]), while HIIT is the most effective in reducing waist circumference (−5.93 [10.71, −1.15]), percentage body fat (−3.93 [−5.73, −2.12]), serum triglycerides (−20.55 [−37.20, −3.91]), and fasting blood glucose (−14.31 [−22.47, −6.16]) and improving VO2 max (7.41 [4.37, 10.45]). However, no significant benefit was observed in terms of total cholesterol and blood pressure.ConclusionsAE is the optimal exercise type for reducing body weight and BMI, while HIIT exerts the most beneficial effects on improving body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic abnormalities in adults with overweight and obesity.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023444322, identifier CRD42023444322.

Changes in the planting structure of farmland on the Loess Plateau impact land surface energy and water exchange， regional evapotranspiration， etc.The complex hydrothermal coupling mechanism of different crop underlying surfaces plays an essential role in the land-atmosphere interaction on the Loess Plateau.In this paper， based on the observation data of 34 months from 2019 to 2021 in the east of Gansu province， combined with CLM5.0-BGCCROP coupled with the crop module， the land surface characteristics of different typical crops （winter wheat， corn， and apple forest） on the Loess Plateau were offline single-point simulated.To verify the simulation ability of CLM5.0 on the land surface processes of agricultural fields on the Loess Plateau and compare the differences in soil temperature， soil liquid water content， and surface energy fluxes of different crops.The results showed that： （1） CLM5.0 has a better simulation effect on soil temperature and liquid water content characteristics， average RMSE is less than 2.5℃ and 0.1 m3·m-3， respectively.The simulated soil temperature values in the wheat field are high， and there is a cold bias in the corn and apple fields.Winter wheat， which has a dry growth period， caused more soil drying than corn.Apple forest， which has a rich root system， absorbed more soil water， making the soil drier overall.（2） Part of the simulation bias is due to setting crop underlying surfaces to a single crop functional type in the model， overestimating the leaf area index of crops during the growth period， underestimating the surface albedo， overestimating the net radiation flux， and converting more energy flux into sensible and latent heat flux.（3） Another part of the simulation bias comes from the diverse crop management methods in the farmland.For example， crop fields are not completely tilled to bare soil after harvest， and the model overestimates soil temperature and soil liquid water content in wheat and corn fields.The model does not have the mulching option， which leads to the low simulated soil temperature and soil liquid water content in corn fields， about 1.84℃ and 0.058 m3·m-3， respectively.（4） The winter wheat and corn mixed crop underlying surface simulation experiment could better simulate the surface energy fluxes， and the simulated average deviations of net radiation， sensible heat flux， and latent heat flux were -6.13 W·m-2， 11.46 W·m-2， -1.97 W·m-2， respectively.During the growth period， canopy transpiration dominates， and with the increase of crop leaf area index， sensible heat flux decreases， soil temperature decreases， latent heat flux increases， and soil liquid water content decreases.

BackgroundStudies using novel antiandrogens (NAA) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have shown overall survival benefit. As patients develop resistance to NAA therapy, the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib in combination with NAA may become a promising therapy. However the overall benefit of olaparib monotherapy or combination therapy still needs to be evaluated. Therefore, we performed a network meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and toxicity between olaparib, olaparib combined with abiraterone and NAA.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) University Meeting abstracts for randomized controlled trials reporting olaparib and NAA from 2010 up to March, 2023. Network meta-analysis using Stata 16.0 and R 4.4.2, hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the results.ResultsFour trials reported olaparib, olaparib plus abiraterone and apalutamide plus abiraterone. radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) was significantly lower in patients on apalutamide plus abiraterone compared to olaparib (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.06-1.93). rPFS was similar for olaparib plus abiraterone and olaparib (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.99-1.84); likewise, olaparib plus abiraterone and apalutamide plus abiraterone were similar (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.83-1.35). In addition, there was no significant difference between the three interventions for OS. But olaparib has the highest probability of being a preferred treatment for improving rPFS and OS.ConclusionrPFS was in favor of olaparib compared with apalutamide plus abiraterone. But there were no difference between olaparib plus abiraterone and either olaparib or apalutamide plus abiraterone. Apalutamide plus abiraterone might be the most preferred intervention in cases where AEs are involved.Systematic review registrationhttps://inplasy.com, identifier INPLASY2023100072.

IntroductionBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is mainly responsible for mammalian non-shivering thermogenesis and promotes energy expenditure. Meanwhile, similar to white adipose tissue (WAT), BAT also secretes a variety of adipokines to regulate metabolism through paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine ways. The chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-13 (CXCL13), a canonical B cell chemokine, functions in inflammation and tumor-related diseases. However, the role of CXCL13 in the adipose tissues is unclear.MethodsThe expression of CXCL13 in BAT and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT) of mice under cold stimulation were detected. Local injection of CXCL13 into BAT of normal-diet and high-fat-diet induced obese mice was used to detect thermogenesis and determine cold tolerance. The brown adipocytes were treated with CXCL13 alone or in the presence of macrophages to determine the effects of CXCL13 on thermogenic and inflammation related genes expression in vitro.ResultsIn this study, we discovered that the expression of CXCL13 in the stromal cells of brown adipose tissue significantly elevated under cold stimulation. Overexpression of CXCL13 in the BAT via local injection could increase energy expenditure and promote thermogenesis in obese mice. Mechanically, CXCL13 could promote thermogenesis via recruiting M2 macrophages in the BAT and, in the meantime, inhibiting pro-inflammatory factor TNFα level. DiscussionThis study revealed the novel role of adipose chemokine CXCL13 in the regulation of BAT activity and thermogenesis.

Abstract To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effects of a technique in which biological amniotic membranes (bAMs) are used in the treatment of patients with recurrent macular holes. In this prospective nonrandomized case series study, 23 eyes of 23 patients with recurrent macular holes who had already undergone surgery with pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling were evaluated. In the surgery, a bAM was used to cover the macular area, and C3F8 tamponade was performed on these patients. Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation was performed simultaneously in patients who had cataracts. Patients were followed up for at least half a year. The main outcomes were whether the macular hole closed, the morphological changes in the macular graft, the best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) and other indicators. In all eyes, the recurrent macular holes were closed. Two cases (8.69%, 2/23) had bAM shifting half a month after surgery, and these patients underwent a second surgery to adjust the position of the bAM and perform C3F8 tamponade. In the 6-month follow-up, 21 patients (91.30%, 21/23) had improved visual acuity (VA), and 2 patients (8.69%, 2/23) had no change in VA. The mean VA increased from 1.73 ± 0.32 before surgery to 1.12 ± 0.42 after surgery (t = 10.63, P = 0.00

With lower construction costs and power losses, the DC wind farm (DCWF) based on series-connected DC wind turbines (DCWT) is a potential collection scheme for large-scale offshore wind power. However, energy curtailment caused by unequal wind speed exists in DCWTs and results in energy waste, weakening the advantages of DCWTs. The energy curtailment mechanism is analyzed for DCWF, where single active bridge (SAB) is used as DC/DC converter in DCWTS and a full-bridge modular multilevel converter (FB-MMC) as the receiving end converter. The linear relationship between input and output of single active bridge (SAB) is interpreted, and a novel coordinate control strategy for DCWF is proposed to solve the wind energy curtailment caused by unequal wind speed. In addition, an auxiliary control strategy for receiving end converter is proposed to reduce the loss on HVDC link. A complete DCWF is built in PSCAD/EMTDC software package, and the results show that the proposed control strategy makes DCWF can operate well without energy curtailment under unequal wind speeds.

The series–parallel DC wind farm composed of a large number of DC wind turbine (DCWT) is a potential scheme for offshore wind power collection with lower construction costs and power losses. However, enhanced coupling issues, such as energy curtailment and fault isolation, exist in the DC wind farm. To overcome the difficulties, a series–parallel DC collection system is proposed, where DCWTs based on the single active bridge (SAB) are connected in series and then are connected in parallel via DC/DC converters. The coupling mechanism among series–parallel strings is analyzed first, and a coordinate control strategy for the whole system is proposed based on the characteristics of SAB. DC fault located at different strings is analyzed and strategies are proposed to protect the whole system. Simulation results in PSCAD/EMTDC verifies the proposed control strategy with the less coupling among series–parallel DC wind farms under unequal wind speeds and fault.

At present, the aging population is one of China's basic national concerns, and physical exercise offers endless potential to cope with it. However, the life expectancy of men in China is generally lower than that of women, and the health status of older men is more worrying. Could it be that differences in physical exercise cause the difference in life expectancy between older men and women? This study analyzes the exercise regimen of older men and women and its influence on their quality of life. Approximately 200 respondents aged over 60 were investigated using the SF-36 and exercise questionnaires. Our findings revealed the following: (1) The scores of seven dimensions of life quality of older men were significantly lower than those of older women (p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference only in physiological function (p > 0.05); (2) The exercise frequency and persistence of older men were significantly lower than those of older women (p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in exercise time (p > 0.05); and (3) All eight indices of quality of life of older men were positively correlated with the four indices of exercise (0.250 < R < 0.597). Our study offered the following conclusions: (1) The health of older men who lack physical exercise is poor. From the perspective of healthy aging, older men are a vulnerable group that deserves more attention. (2) Within an appropriate range, the more older men participate in physical activity programs, the more conducive they are to improved health. (3) This study focuses on promoting physical exercise for older adults and suggests organizing them to participate in sports activities as an important measure to promote healthy aging in China.

Background: SHR8554 is a novel μ-opioid receptor-biased agonist. It has analgesic effects by selectively activating the G protein-coupled pathway. Additionally, it can weakly activate the ß-arrestin-2 pathway, resulting in a limited number of side effects, such as gastrointestinal inhibition. Previous studies have shown that SHR8554 has good analgesic effects, safety and tolerability, but the pharmacokinetic characteristics of SHR8554 in humans have not been reported. This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of SHR8554 in healthy Chinese male subjects.Methods: A single 1 mg/41.3 μCi intravenous dose of [14C]SHR8554 was administered to six healthy male subjects. Blood, urine and faecal samples were collected at continuous time points to analyse SHR8554 parent drug levels and their metabolites. The total radioactivity in blood, plasma, urine and faeces was detected by using a liquid scintillation counter. The dynamic changes of SHR8554 and its metabolite concentration were by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and then pharmacokinetic analysis. The safety of the drug on the subjects was also observed after a single intravenous injection.Results: The total recovery of radioactivity in urine and faeces was 99.68% ± 0.79% in 216 h, including 76.22% ± 1.12% in urine and 23.46% ± 1.36% in faeces. Seventeen major metabolites in blood, urine and faeces were analysed and identified. The main metabolic pathways of SHR8554 in the human body involve 1) N-dealkylation; 2) O-deethylation; 3) mono-oxidation; 4) glucuronidation, etc. The primary mechanism of SHR8554 clearance in the human body is through urinary excretion, primarily in its parent drug and metabolite forms. The drug has good safety, and no serious adverse effects were observed.Conclusion: SHR8554 showed favourable pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety profiles in this study. SHR8554 is extensively metabolized in human body. The main metabolic pathways include N-dealkylation and O-deethylation, as well as mono-oxidation and glucuronidation. The main excretion route of SHR8554 and its metabolites is through urine.Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/, identifier CTR20220450

Aim: Ovarian serous surface papillary borderline tumor (OSSPBT) is very rare. Combined with clinical and pathological features, we aim to investigate the multimodal ultrasound features of OSSPBT. Patients and Methods: There were only 18 patients diagnosed with OSSPBT among the 142 patients who were diagnosed with borderline serous ovarian tumor by pathology from June 2008 to December 2020 in our hospital. Their clinical data, conventional ultrasound, two-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (2D-CEUS), three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (3D-CEUS) characteristics, pathology, and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The 18 patients had no specific clinical symptoms. Multiple implantable nodules were found in 8 patients (44.4%), ascites in 13 patients (72.2%), and elevated carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in 15 patients (83.3%). After excluding 2 misdiagnosed patients from 18 patients, 26 tumors in 16 patients (6 unilateral and 10 bilateral) were studied. Conventional ultrasound findings of OSSPBT showed that large solid masses around normal ovary without capsule, and numerous small dense anechoic areas were observed in the parenchyma of the lesion, with strong speckle echo (?blizzard? sign) of varying degrees. The 2D-CEUS and 3D-CEUS showed a normal ovary in the center surrounded by a radial blood supply of OSSPBT with thick and irregular branches. Histopathologically, the papillary fibrous stalk of OSSPBT had a large number of sand bodies and tortuous dilated microvessels. All patients had no recurrence after surgery, and two of them delivered successfully through assisted reproductive technology. Conclusion: OSSPBT has a good prognosis. Its conventional ultrasound is characterized by irregular solid masses surrounding normal ovaries and a large number of ?blizzard? signs. It showed low enhancement of eccentricity with irregular radial branches centered on the ovary by CEUS.

Abstract In applications such as parallel mesh refinement, it remains a challenging issue to ensure the refined surface respects the original Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model accurately. In this paper, an ultralight geometry processing library is developed to resolve this issue effectively and efficiently. Here, we say the kernel is ultralight because it has a very small set of data-structures and algorithms by comparison with industrial-level geometry kernels. Within the library, a simplified surface boundary representation (B-rep) and a radial edge structure are developed respectively to depict the geometry model and the surface mesh, plus hash tables that record the connections between the geometry model and the surface mesh. Based on these data structures, a set of efficient algorithms are developed, which initializes the connection tables, projects a point back to the original geometry, etc. With these data-structure and algorithmic infrastructures set up, the callings of eight well-designed Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are powerful enough to enable the parallel mesh refinement algorithm outputs a mesh respecting the input CAD model accurately. Numerical experiments will be finally presented to evaluate the performance of the overall parallel mesh refinement algorithm and the algorithms in relation with the developed library.

BackgroundReceiving a breast cancer diagnosis and treatment is both a physical and emotional journey. Previous studies using single-source data have revealed common and culture-specific emotional experiences of patients living with breast cancer. However, few studies have combined such data from multiple sources. Thus, using a variety of data sources, the current study sought to explore the emotional experiences of women in China newly diagnosed, post-operative, or undergoing chemotherapy. We posited that even though women living with breast cancer in China have multiple channels through which they can express these emotional experiences, little variance would be found in their emotional expressivity and the themes they want to express due to cultural inhibitions.MethodsText data from female patients newly diagnosed, post-operative, or undergoing chemotherapy were collected between June 2021 and January 2022 via a Python web crawler, semi-structured interviews, and an expressive writing intervention. Data were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis. Reporting followed the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ) guidelines.ResultsAnalyses were based on 5,675 Weibo posts and comments published by 448 posters and 1,842 commenters, transcription texts from 17 semi-structured interviews, and 150 expressive writing texts. From this total collection of 461,348 Chinese characters, three major themes emerged: (i) conflicting emotions after diagnosis; (ii) long-term suffering and treatment concerns; and (iii) benefit finding and cognitive reappraisal.ConclusionsDespite gathering information from various sources, we found that distress from body-image disturbances, gender role loss and conflict, and changes in sexuality and fertility, were consistent among this sample of female Chinese patients with breast cancer. However, when women engaged actively in benefit finding and cognitive reappraisal with strong social support, patients were able to find ways to adapt and reported post-traumatic growth. Strong social support was an important facilitator in this growth. These study findings emphasize that healthcare professionals ought to increase cultural sensitivity, provide multiple channels to encourage patients to express their emotions, and incorporate screening for patients' emotional distress at all diagnostic and treatment phases as part of routine nursing care.

Background: Vesicouterine fistula (VUF) is a rare complication after cesarean section. It is challenging to diagnose VUF correctly. Case presentation: A 34-year-old woman complained of recurrent hematuria and urinary tract infection for more than 4 years after cesarean delivery, mostly during menstruation, without vaginal leakage and with a normal menstrual cycle. Conventional transabdominal ultrasound showed no abnormal findings in bilateral kidneys and ureters, bladder and uterus, and transvaginal ultrasound showed that the scar at the lower part of the anterior uterine wall was closely adhered to the posterior wall of the bladder. Considering that the patient had hematuria but no vaginal leakage, we assumed that the fistula was flowing unidirectionally from the uterine cavity to the bladder cavity. Therefore, we chose to inject SonoVue (ultrasound contrast agent) into the uterine cavity rather than into the bladder. After intrauterine injection of SonoVue, the ultrasound contrast agent was seen flowing from the uterine cavity into the bladder cavity through the fistula, showing a hyperechoic fistula between the posterior wall of the bladder and the uterine wall, confirming the diagnosis of VUF. The accuracy of this diagnosis was then further confirmed by both MRI and cystoscopy. Conclusions: Trans-intrauterine CEUS provides a new effective imaging method for the diagnosis of VUF, especially for patients with fistulas that flow unidirectionally from the uterine cavity.

Rakicidin B1 was isolated and purified from the culture broth of a marine Streptomyces sp. as a potent anti-cancer agent, and lately the compound and its derivatives have firstly been found to possess anti-Clostridium difficile (CD) activity but with high cytotoxicity. Herein, following our previous discovery on anti-CD activity of Rakicidin B1, structure modification was performed at the OH position of Rakicidin B1 and a new Rakicidin B1-PEG hybrids FIMP2 was facilely designed and synthesized by conjugating the PEG2000 with the scaffolds of Rakicidin B1 via the linkage of carbamate. The cytotoxicity of the FIMP2 was first evaluated against three different cancer cell lines, including HCT-8 cells, PANC-1, and Caco-2, with IC50 values at 0.519 μM, 0.815 μM, and 0.586 μM, respectively. Obviously, as compared with a positive control group treated with Rakicidin B1, the IC50 value of FIMP2 increased by nearly 91-fold, 50-fold, and 67-fold, suggesting that the PEGylation strategy significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of FIMP2. Thus, this preliminary result may be beneficial to increase its safety index (SI) value due to the decreased cytotoxicity of FIMP2. In addition, this decreased cytotoxicity of FIMP2 was further confirmed based on a zebrafish screening model in vivo. Thereafter, the anti-CD activity of FIMP2 was evaluated in vivo, and its efficacy to treat CDI was found to be better than that of vancomycin. The mortality and recurrence rate of FIMP2 is not as low compared with that of vancomycin; these results demonstrated that compound FIMP2 is a new, promising anti-CD agent with significant efficacy against CD recurrence with low cytotoxicity towards bodies.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that proton pump inhibitors could impair the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. It is uncertain whether ilaprazole affects the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. This study aimed to determine the drug-drug interaction between ilaprazole and clopidogrel.Methods: A randomized crossover trial of 40 healthy subjects was performed. Clopidogrel was administered alone or in combination with ilaprazole for 7 days. The maximal platelet aggregation (MPA) to 5 μmol/L adenosine diphosphate was measured by light transmission aggregometry and the platelet reactivity index (PRI) was determined by vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein P2Y12 assay. High on-treatment platelet reactivity (HOPR) was defined as a MPA of >40%. The inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA) and PRI in the two phases were compared between two regimens after the last dosing.Results: IPA was comparable between the two regimens at 0, 10 and 24 h (p > 0.05), but higher at 4 h in the clopidogrel alone regimen compared with that in the combined treatment regimen (75.66 ± 18.44% vs. 70.18 ± 17.67%, p = 0.031). The inhibition of PRI was comparable between the two regimens at 0 and 24 h. There were no significant differences in the area under the time-IPA% curve (AUC) or the incidence of HOPR at all time-points between the two regimens.Conclusion: In healthy subjects, ilaprazole has limited effect on the pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel and it may not be clinically relevant.Clinical Trial Registration: [www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR2000031482].

The rapid increase of obesity and associated diseases has become a major global health problem. Adipose tissues are critical for whole-body homeostasis. The gut microbiota has been recognized as a significant environmental factor in the maintenance of energy homeostasis and host immunity. A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota regulates host metabolism through a close cross-talk with adipose tissues. It modulates energy expenditure and alleviates obesity by promoting energy expenditure, but it also produces specific metabolites and structural components that may act as the central factors in the pathogenesis of inflammation, insulin resistance, and obesity. Understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and adipose tissues may provide potential intervention strategies to treat obesity and associated diseases. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the gut microbiota and its actions on adipose tissues and highlight the joint actions of the gut microbiota and adipose tissue with each other in the regulation of energy metabolism.

Abstract Purpose Primary hepatic angiosarcoma is a very rare and highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis. It is difficult to diagnose because of the lack of typical clinical features, and the treatment protocols for PHA are also not clear. Therefore, this study wants to find out the clinical characteristics and surgical treatments of primary hepatic angiosarcoma. Methods Among 8990 patients diagnosed with primary malignant tumor of the liver from January 2000 to December 2019 in our hospital, only four patients were diagnosed with primary hepatic angiosarcoma. The demographics, clinical manifestation, past history, serology test results, MRI features, pathology, treatment modality and prognosis of four patients were collected and analyzed. Results Three of four patients had no clinical symptoms, while one patient's symptom was abdominal pain. The levels of tumor markers of all four patients were within the normal reference range and serological tests were negative for hepatitis B and C virus. The MRI imaging findings of all four patients were mixed mass with highly disordered vascular characteristics. All four patients were misdiagnosed preoperatively. One patient who underwent hepatic lobectomy was still alive for about 18 months after surgery. One patient who underwent hepatic lobectomy has survived for only 6 months due to severe pneumonia. The other two patients who received transarterial chemoembolization survived 16 months and 11 months respectively. Conclusion The clinical symptoms of primary hepatic angiosarcoma are not typical, and primary hepatic angiosarcoma is easily misdiagnosed. The typical imaging manifestations are structural disorder and heterogeneous tumor. Hepatic lobectomy and transarterial chemoembolization may be important surgical treatments to improve the prognosis of patients.

Abstract Background Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by autoantibodies development and an elevated spectrum of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Previous reports highlighted a relationship between IL-21and the pathogenesis of RA. Although elevated IL-21 levels have been reported in RA patients, the association of common IL-21 genetic variants with a predisposition to RA development in the Chinese population lacks. Materials and methods Five hundred and fourteen Chinese subjects (healthy controls: 303 and rheumatoid arthritis patients: 211) were enrolled in the study. Clinical data of patients were collected from medical records, and patients were treated as per the guidelines. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-21 gene (rs907715, rs2221903, rs2055979 and rs6822844) were genotyped by TaqMan SNPs genotyping method. IL-21 level in plasma of RA patients and healthy subjects was measured by ELISA. Results The plasma level of IL-21 was significantly higher in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis relative to healthy controls (p

Abstract Background This report describes an outbreak of 71 patients developed B. cepacia urinary tract infection (UTI) by contaminated single-use anesthetic gel. Methods Epidemiological investigation of patients with B. cepacia-positive urine or blood samples between March 19, 2018 and Novemeber 15, 2018 was conducted to identify the source of infection. Microbiological samples from hospital surfaces, endoscopes, disposable items, and the hands of staff were tested for B. cepacia contamination. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to compare homology in B. cepacia isolates. Results During the outbreak, nosocomial B. cepacia UTI was confirmed in 71 patients. Epidemiological investigation showed that 66 patients underwent invasive urological diagnosis and treatment, while the remaining five patients underwent bedside indwelling catheterization, with all patients exposed to single-use anesthetic gel. All batches of anesthetic gel were recalled and the outbreak abated. Overall, 155 samples were collected from environmental surfaces and disposable items, and B. cepacia contamination was confirmed in samples from one used cystoscope and three anesthetic gels from the same batch. PFGE showed homology between 17 out of 20 B. cepacia isolates from patients and three isolates from the contaminated anesthetic gel. All patients achieved cure. Conclusion Contaminated single-use anesthetic gel was confirmed as the source of the B. cepacia outbreak, with infection occurring during invasive urological diagnostic and treatments. Thus, investigations of nosocomial outbreaks of B. cepacia infection should consider contamination of diagnostic and treatment items used in infected patients.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health concern. Psidium guajava L. (guava) is widely used for food as well as a folk medicine. Previous studies have shown its anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the underlying mechanisms remains to be elusive. In this study, we assessed the potential therapeutic effects of aqueous extract of guava leaves (GvAEx) on T2DM and explored their potential mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. GvAEx was gavage administered for 12 weeks in diabetic db/db mice. Our results have demonstrated that GvAEx significantly lowered fasting plasma glucose levels (p < 0.01) and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively). Additionally, GvAEx increased hepatic glycogen accumulation, glucose uptake and decreased the mRNA expression levels of gluconeogenic genes. Furthermore, GvAEx-treatment caused higher glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) expression in the membrane in hepatocytes. Notably, for the first time, we have elaborated the possible mechanism of the hypoglycemic effect of GvAEx from the perspective of intestinal microbiota. GvAEx has significantly changed the composition of microbiota and increased short chain fatty acid (SCFA) -producing Lachnospiraceae family and Akkermansia genus in the gut. Taken together, GvAEx could alleviate hyperglycemia and insulin resistance of T2DM by regulating glucose metabolism in the liver and restoring the gut microbiota. Thus, GvAEx has the potential for drug development against T2DM.

This paper proposes an analytical model for the modular multilevel converter (MMC) based on the theory of harmonic balance, which removes the iteration process for traditional models. The proposed model considers dynamic harmonic interactions between the modulation of converters and passive elements in the MMC. By transferring the equations into frequency-domain as complex Fourier series, a steady-state harmonic model is created with singular coefficients matrix. Then, through the elimination of all DC components in dynamic model, the singular coefficient matrix can be derived to nonsingular one, and the order of it can be reduced. Finally, the typical open-loop analytical model with DC neutral grounded MMC is derived aim, and the time-domain simulations is used to validate the effectiveness of proposed model. The proposed model can be used to accelerate the simulation and analyze the influence of parameters to guide the design of MMC.

Due to low investment cost and high reliability, a new scheme called DR-HVDC (Diode Rectifier based HVDC) transmission was recently proposed for grid integration of large offshore wind farms. However, in this scheme, the application of conventional control strategies for stability operation face several challenges due to the uncontrollability of the DR. In this paper, a coordinated control strategy of offshore wind farms using the DR-HVDC transmission technology to connect with the onshore grid, is investigated. A novel coordinated control strategy for DR-HVDC is proposed based on the analysis of the DC current control ability of the full-bridge-based modular multilevel converter (FB-MMC) at the onshore station and the input and output characteristics of the diode rectifier at the offshore. Considering the characteristics of operation stability and decoupling between reactive power and active power, a simplified design based on double-loop droop control for offshore AC voltage is proposed after power flow and voltage–current (I–V) characteristics of the offshore wind farm being analyzed. Furthermore, the impact of onshore AC fault to offshore wind farm is analyzed, and a fast fault detection and protection strategy without relying on communication is proposed. Case studies carried out by PSCAD/EMTDC verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for the start up, power fluctuation, and onshore and offshore fault conditions.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has attracted much attention in the past 2 decades. To develop novel AIE-active materials, ACQ-to-AIE transformation via regioisomerization is one of the most straightforward method. However, most of the reported ACQ-to-AIE transformations are achieved by migrating bulky units. In this work, a facile conversion was realized by migrating a small pyrrolidinyl group from para- to ortho-position on the rofecoxib scaffold. As a result, a pair of new isomers named MOX2 and MOX4 exhibited AIE behavior and ACQ activity, respectively. Moreover, MOX2 also showed solvatochromic, mechanochromic, and acidochromic properties with reversible multi-stimulus behavior. Single crystal X-ray analysis of MOX2 revealed that the molecular conformation and its packing mode were responsible for the AIE emission behavior. Further investigation indicated that MOX2 showed high lipid droplets staining selectivity. Taken together, the current work not only provides a new design philosophy for achieving ACQ-to-AIE conversion by migrating a small pyrrolidinyl group but also presents a promising candidate MOX2 for potential applications such as in security ink, optical recording and biological applications.

Lipid-related cancers cause a large number of deaths worldwide. Therefore, development of highly efficient Lipid droplets (LDs) fluorescent imaging probes will be beneficial to our understanding of lipid-related cancers by allowing us to track the metabolic process of LDs. In this work, a LDs-specific NIR (λmax = 698 nm) probe, namely BY1, was rationally designed and synthesized via a one-step reaction by integrating triphenylamine (electron–donor group) unit into the structure of rofecoxib. This integration strategy enabled the target BY1 to form a strong Donor–Acceptor (D-A) system and endowed BY1 with obvious aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect. Meanwhile, BY1 also showed observable solvent effect and reversible mechanochromatic luminescent property, which could be interpreted clearly via density functional theory (DFT) calculations, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (XPRD), and single crystal X-ray data analysis. More importantly, BY1 exhibited highly specific fluorescent imaging ability (Pearson’s correlation = 0.97) towards lipid droplets in living HeLa cells with low cytotoxicity. These results demonstrated that BY1 is a new promising fluorescent probe for lipid droplets imaging, and it might be beneficial to facilitate biological research of lipid-related cancers.

Carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems is critical for combating global climate change and achieving regional carbon neutrality, and LUCC is a vital factor influencing the carbon cycle process of terrestrial ecosystems and causing changes in carbon sources/sinks. This study analyzes the drivers of LUCC based on a review of the dynamics of LUCC in Changzhi from 2000 to 2020, analyzes the driving factors of LUCC using the Clue-S model and binary logistic regression analysis model, then simulates land-use patterns under different scenarios in 2030 by the CA-Markov model, and finally analyzes carbon stock changes and spatial distribution characteristics in different periods from the perspective of carbon source/sink interconversion with the help of InVEST model. The results show: (1) in the past two decades, more than 90% of the expansion of artificial surfaces in Changzhi comes from cultivated land. Ecological conservation policies are more decisive in influencing LUCC than natural, social, and transportation accessibility factors. (2) During the 20 years, the total carbon stock increased by 680,989.73 t, with the carbon emission control area accounting for 7.5%, mainly distributed near urban centers and coal mining areas. The carbon sink enhancement area accounts for 5.5% and is mainly concentrated near forest land and ecological and nature reserves. (3) The spatial location of cities influences the density of carbon stock in the adjacent range. Carbon stock density increases within the buffer zone with the distance from urban center, county center, expressways, national highway, settlements, rivers, provincial roads, reservoirs, railways, county highway, and village roads. The rate of carbon stock increase per 100 m is 0.12 t/ha, 0.25 t/ha, 0.17 t/ha, 0.36 t/ha, 0.71 t/ha, 0.33 t/ha, 0.38 t/ha, 0.57 t/ha, 0.23 t/ha, 0.46 t/ha, and 0.48 t/ha respectively. The higher the administrative center and road grades, the lower the carbon density will be instead. (4) In the 2030 CD scenario, compared with the ND scenario, the cultivated land and grassland are effectively protected and the cultivated land area is increased by 445.68 km2, while the expansion of artificial surface is suppressed and the area is reduced by 448.2 km2, which ultimately leads to a reduction in carbon loss of 392,011.85 t. Future ecological management should focus on protecting high-value carbon sink areas and carbon sink enhancement areas and the ecological management and restoration of low-value carbon sink areas and carbon emission control areas.

Opencast mining contributes to the severe disturbance of vegetation and serious damage to the ecological environment. Scientific assessment of the ecological losses may provide guidance for the sustainable land use in mining areas. This study uses the Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model to estimate the net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation in the Pingshuo mining area from 2006 to 2020 and uses statistical analysis and mathematical models to study the impact of mining and land reclamation on NPP. The results show that NPP decreased slowly at a rate of 0.809 gC/(m2·month) per year. In 2006, the urban area of Pinglu and the opencast coal mining area were located in the western part of the study area, while the eastern part was distributed with a large amount of grassland, forested and cultivated land, and the NPP showed a high pattern in the east and low in the west. With the continued eastward movement of Antaibao and Anjialing mining areas, as well as the construction and continuous westward expansion of the East opencast mine, the pits of all three opencast mines moved to a central location in 2020, changing the spatial distribution of NPP to high in the surroundings and low in the middle. The NPP within the three opencast mines decreased significantly, but the change in NPP increased from −7.34 gC/(m2·month) to 7.15 gC/(m2·month) as the reclamation area increased, indicating that mining increased ecological losses while land reclamation mitigated them. The variation of NPP within 600 m outside the mining area is 2.06~7.45 gC/(m2·month), and 0.11~1.00 gC/(m2·month) from 600 m to 1000 m, indicating that NPP is sensitive to the influence of mining. The results may provide guidance for further analysis of the impact of mining on local environments and exploration of more appropriate land reclamation measures.

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a worldwide and hardly controlled virus disease in soybean. Kefeng-1 is an elite variety resistant to SMV in China. In order to discover resistance genes and regulation networks in Kefeng-1, we analyzed transcriptome data of resistant (Kefeng-1) and susceptible (NN1138-2) soybean varieties in response to infection of the SMV strain SC18 at 0, 6, and 48 hours post-inoculation (hpi) and 5 days post-inoculation (dpi). Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with Kefeng-1 and NN 1138-2. Based on the enrichment analysis for gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, we found that 48 hpi was the best time point for the defense response of the two soybean varieties in response to the SMV infection. The expression of seven candidate genes was further verified by qRT-PCR and was relatively consistent with the results of RNA-Seq. The expression of genes for Glyma.11G239000 and Glyma.18G018400, members of the ethylene-insensitive 3/ethylene-insensitive3-like (EIN3/EIL) protein family involved in ETH, were downregulated in NN1138-2 but not in Kefeng-1 and the expression of Glyma.14G041500 was upregulated in Kefeng-1 at 5 dpi. The expression of jasmonic acid repressor genes (TIFY/JAZ) was downregulated in NN1138-2 but not in Kefeng-1. NPR1 involved in the salicylic acid signaling pathway was downregulated in NN1138-2 at 48 hpi but upregulated in Kefeng-1. It shows that ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid signaling pathways may be involved in the disease resistance process to the SMV strain SC18. Our findings would help to understand the molecular mechanism of soybean resistance to SMV.

In this work, we synthesized a pair of positional isomers by attaching a small electron-donating pyrrolidinyl group at ortho- and para-positions of a conjugated core. These isomers exhibited totally different fluorescent properties. PDB2 exhibited obvious aggregation-induced emission properties. In contrast, PDB4 showed the traditional aggregation-caused quenching effect. Their different fluorescent properties were investigated by absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations and single-crystal structural analysis. These results indicated that the substituent position of the pyrrolidinyl groups affects the twisted degree of the isomers, which further induces different molecular packing modes, thus resulting in different fluorescent properties of these two isomers. This molecular design concept provided a new accurate strategy for designing new aggregation-induced emission luminogens.

Large-scale wind farms integrated with multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) system decouples the frequency between the wind farms and the receiving end, resulting in weakened frequency regulation ability of the onshore AC grid. Recently a new topology is proposed, called diode rectifier based HVDC, which recouples the wind farm and onshore AC system due to its characteristics, where offshore AC voltage changes with the DC voltage of HVDC system. A coordinated power control strategy for frequency regulation participation is proposed in this paper for offshore wind farms connected with diode-rectifier based high voltage direct current (HVDC) system. Considering the primary frequency and inertia response control, variable power supplementary control is implemented in wind turbines, and a telecommunication-less method of frequency event detection via detection of offshore AC voltage is proposed, avoiding communication delay and communication failure. Simulations using EMTDC/PSCAD show that frequency dip can be accurately detected by the AC voltage of offshore wind farm, and wind farm can quickly compensate active power.

With the growth of wind energy penetration in electricity transmission grids, fault ride-through (FRT) ability is required in order to maintain the uninterrupted operation of wind farm in voltage disturbance scenarios. For widespread used doubly-fed induction generator FRT issues, an auxiliary hardware circuit is adopted in large-grid-voltage drop situations. Among all hardware protection devices, the rotor crowbar scheme can suppress rotor overcurrent immediately, while the stator series impedance scheme has the advantage of increasing voltage during voltage dips. A comprehensive FRT scheme based on series impedance and rotor crowbar is proposed. Also, the simulation results show that the proposed method can keep the continuous operation of wind farm during fault situation and recovery, also suppress the overcurrent during voltage recovery and improve the terminal voltage.

Network programmable technologies enforce the capacity of flexible configuration and resource composition by providing network devices with programmable interfaces. Starting with the discussion on the background in the naissance and developments of network programmable technologies，the initial programmable technologies，frameworks of control and data plane and typical software defined networking （SDN）and network function virtualization（NFV）were reviewed. The research on protocol irrelevance，implementation of flow tables， high-level programming languages and integration with NFV were elaborated. Moreover，the future works were summarized in the end.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) imaging agents are potent tools for early cancer diagnosis. Almost all of the COX2 imaging agents using celecoxib as backbone were chemically modified in the position of N-atom in the sulfonamide group. Herein, a novel COX-2 probe (CCY-5) with high targeting ability and a near-infrared wavelength (achieved by attaching a CY-5 dye on the pyrazole ring of celecoxib using a migration strategy) was evaluated for its ability to probe COX-2 in human cancer cells. CCY-5 is expected to have high binding affinity for COX-2 based on molecular docking and enzyme inhibition assay. Meanwhile, CCY-5 caused stronger fluorescence imaging of COX-2 overexpressing cancer cells (Hela and SCC-9 cells) than that of normal cell lines (RAW 264.7 cells). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated RAW264.7 cells revealed an enhanced fluorescence as LPS was known to induce COX-2 in these cells. In inhibitory studies, a markedly reduced fluorescence intensity was observed in cancer cells, when they were co-treated with a COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. Therefore, CCY-5 may be a selective bioimaging agent for cancer cells overexpressing COX-2 and could be useful as a good monitoring candidate for effective diagnosis and therapy in cancer treatment.

This paper investigated the characteristics of a novel type of hybrid high voltage direct current (HVdc) converter, which is composed by line commutated converter series with voltage source converter. The system and valve level control strategies are introduced, which can provide ac system voltage support. A novel filter design scheme composed by resonant filers for hybrid HVdc are also proposed, which can decrease the capacity of reactive power compensation equipment without deteriorate harmonic characteristics. The ac voltage of HVdc fluctuation level caused by transmitted power variation will be effectively reduced, with the coordination between filter design scheme and converter control. In addition, the influence of ac grid strength is also analyzed by equivalent source internal impedance represented by short circuit ratio (SCR). Finally, the +800 kV/1600 MW hybrid HVdc system connecting two ac grids under different SCR cases are studied, and the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation results have validated the effectiveness for proposed strategy.

Research on friction stir welding temperature field, welding heat transfer, thermal cycling process and weld nugget formation was important for welding structure reliability and safety. At present, the domestic and foreign studies about FSW mainly concentrated in the welding process, welding materials, microstructure and mechanical properties of joint of friction stir head mechanism. The results of finite element calculated in this paper, the data in the file storage format was chose for research, the design data is read from the algorithm and realizes the extraction of different types of data. This paper uses the element local stress polishing and method for smoothing, the Gauss integral point welding stress numerical conversion data, laid the foundation for the realization of stress field visualization. In order to realize the data sharing in different formats, the data in a uniform format for the re-storage, analysis and processing was carried out.

In this paper, a novel cataluminescence (CTL)-based sensor array consisting of nine types of catalytic materials is developed for the recognition of several harmful gases, namely carbon monoxide, acetone, chloroform and toluene. First, the experimental setup is constructed by using sensing nanomaterials, a heating plate, a pneumatic pump, a gas flow meter, a digital temperature device, a camera and a BPCL Ultra Weak Chemiluminescence Analyzer. Then, unique CTL patterns for the four types of harmful gas are obtained from the sensor array. The harmful gases are successful recognized by the PCA method. The optimal conditions are also investigated. Finally, experimental results show high sensitivity, long-term stability and good linearity of the sensor array, which combined with simplicity, make our system a promising application in this field.

Nowadays, most vehicles are equipped with positioning devices such as GPS which can generate a tremendous amount of trajectory data and upload them to the server in real time. The trajectory data can reveal the shape and evolution of the road network and therefore has an important value for road planning, vehicle navigation, traffic analysis, and so on. In this paper, a road network generation method is proposed based on the incremental learning of vehicle trajectories. Firstly, the input vehicle trajectory data are cleaned by a preprocess module. Then, the original scattered positions are clustered and mapped to the representation points which stand for the feature points of the real roads. After that, the corresponding representation points are connected based on the original connection information of the trajectories. Finally, all representation points are connected by a Delaunay triangulation network and the real road segments are found by a shortest path searching approach between the connected representation point pairs. Experiments show that this method can build the road network from scratch and refine it with the input data continuously. Both the accuracy and timeliness of the extracted road network can continuously be improved with the growth of real-time trajectory data.

BACKGROUND: Norovirus (NoV) has been recognized as the most important cause of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis affecting all age group people in the world. Genetic recombination is a common occurance in RNA viruses and many recombinant NoV strains have been described since it was first reported in 1997. However, the knowledge of recombinant NoV in China is extremely limited. METHODS: A total of 685 stool specimens were tested for NoV infection from the acute gastroenteritis patients who visited one general hospital in Beijing from April 2009 to November 2011. The virus recombination was identified by constructing phylogenetic trees of two genes, further SimPlot and the maximum chi-square analysis. RESULTS: The overall positive rate was 9.6% (66/685). GII.4 New Orleans 2009 and GII.4 2006b variants were the dominant genotype. Four GII.g/GII.12 and one GII.12/GII.3 recombinant strains were confirmed, and all derived from adult outpatients. The predictive recombination point occurred at the open reading frame (ORF)1/ORF2 overlap. CONCLUSIONS: The GII.g ORF1/GII.12ORF2 recombinant has been reported in several countries and it was the first report of this recombinant in China.

The title compound, C51H78INO12, contains a 29-membered ring incorporating amide, lactone and ester groups. It contains a total of 15 stereogenic centres. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming C(8) chains propagating in [100]. A weak intramolecular O—H...O interaction also occurs.

The title compound, C51H78N4O12, is a derivative of rapamycin, a triene macrolide antibiotic molecule isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. The macrocyclic ring structure has 15 chiral centres, with one of the substituent hydroxy groups giving an intramolecular hydrogen bond to a ketone O-atom acceptor. The molecules also form intermolecular hydroxy–ketone O—H...O hydrogen-bonding associations, giving one-dimensional chains extending along (010). The crystal has 108 Å3 solvent-accessible voids.

In the title compound, C15H23N3O4, the six-membered pyran, cyclohexane and trioxane rings adopt chair, chair and boat conformations, respectively, while the seven-membered rings adopt distorted boat and very distorted chair conformations. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are connected by weak C—H...N and C—H...O interactions.