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Objective: To determine the prevalence of self-reported halitosis among patients attending the dental clinic of a university in southern Brazil and identify associated factors. Material and Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study included 269 individuals over 18 who attended the clinic for six months. A questionnaire was used to collect data on self-reported halitosis, sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene habits, medication use, systemic diseases, smoking and drinking habits, and self-perception of oral health. The relative and absolute frequencies of the variables were analyzed, and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the sample was 44.86 (±16.55), and 65% were female. The study found a self-reported prevalence of halitosis of 27.9%. Individuals who reported xerostomia were more likely to have self-reported halitosis (OR=2.15; 95% CI: 1.22-3.78). Furthermore, those who visited the dentist more than a year ago were more likely to have self-reported halitosis compared to those who visited no more than six months ago (OR=1.93; 95% CI: 1.09-3.41). Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of self-reported halitosis among patients and revealed an association with individuals who reported having xerostomia and who have been attending dental appointments for a longer time.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a major cause of non-dental pain in the oral and facial regions. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of TMD and anxiety among academics and to investigate the relationship between TMD and its associated factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 295 academics undertaking health courses at a university in Brazil. METHODS: The Simplified Anamnesis Index and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to evaluate TMD and assess anxiety, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed using relative and absolute frequencies of variables. In the bivariate analysis, Pearson’s chi-square test was used, and in the multivariate analysis, raw and adjusted binary logistic regressions were used to obtain the odds ratio (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The average age of academics was 22.95 (standard deviation ± 6.14) years, predominantly comprising women (82.7%), whites (90.8%), and singles (86.6%). The findings revealed that 81.2% of academics had TMD and 50.5% exhibited symptoms of anxiety. Academics with anxiety were three times more likely to have TMD (OR = 3.6) than those without anxiety. CONCLUSION: A significant association between anxiety and TMD was observed in academics. The prevalence of TMD was high, with academics with anxiety having a high likely to develop TMD. These findings highlight the importance of addressing mental health concerns in addition to physical health, as they are often related.

Abstract Introduction Endodontic treatments are considered by the patients to be one of the most painful and anxiety-generating procedures and this feeling may be linked to both environmental and individual aspects. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of anxiety of patients immediately before the endodontic treatment. Methods The study design was a cross-sectional quantitative analysis where patient sampling was performed on those who met the inclusion criteria and needed endodontic treatment. The interview instruments for the investigation were a questionnaire with semi-structured questions, the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale, and a digital device for measurement of blood pressure and heart rate. The variables investigated were gender, age, whether the patient liked to visit the dentist, depression, whether the patient used medication for depression, systolic and diastolic pressure, and heart rate. Data statistical were analysed using descriptive statistics and to evaluate the association between variables Pearson’s chi-square tests were used with a significance level of 5%. Results 175 patients were included in the study and categorized as little anxious (33.7%), mildly anxious (45.1%), moderately anxious (15.4%), and extremely anxious (5.7%). There was a strong association between higher degrees of anxiety and whether the patient declared not liking to visit the dentist; no other significant correlation was found. Conclusion Endodontic patients who claim not to like to visit the dentist are more anxious. Healthcare professionals can pursue strategies to treat these patients with anxiety reduction techniques avoiding the postponement or evasion of endodontic treatments.

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to verify oral candidiasis, identify the causative species, and investigate the antifungal susceptibility of yeasts isolated from liver transplant patients. Methods A descriptive analysis of 97 patients who underwent liver transplantation was conducted at a hospital. Two clinical examinations (Collections A and B) of the oral cavity were performed. Oral material was collected from all patients, inoculated in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, and incubated at 35℃ for 48 hours. Samples were identified by molecular sequencing of the internal trascribed space region of rDNA. Results An antifungal susceptibility test with fluconazole, amphotericin B, and micafungin was performed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute yeast broth microdilution method. Among the patients, 15 presented with oral candidiasis: eight in Collection A and seven in Collection B. The primary type of candidiasis was atrophic, followed by pseudomembranous candidiasis. The most prevalent species was Candida albicans (nine), followed by Candida glabrata (three), Candida tropicalis (two), and Candida dubliniensis (one). Regarding susceptibility to fluconazole, of the 15 samples, 11 were susceptible, three were susceptible in a dose-dependent manner, and one was resistant. Conclusion The most commonly identified type of candidiasis was atrophic, with C. albicans and C. glabrata being the most prevalent causative species. One fluconazole-resistant isolate each of C. tropicalis and C. albicans were identified.

Objective: To identify the most prevalent oral lesions based on reports from a pathology institute’s reports and associations between malignant and oral potentially malignant disorders with patient’s demographic variables and the anatomical location. Material and Methods: All 1,298 histopathological reports of oral lesions recorded in the database were reviewed. Demographic variables, anatomical location of the lesion, histopathological diagnosis of the lesions, and their biological behavior were analyzed. Results: Regarding the biological behavior of the identified lesions, benign lesions were predominant (70%), followed by lesions of undetermined behavior (14.3%), malignant lesions (14.2%), absence of histological alteration (1.2%), and finally, oral potentially malignant disorders (0.5%). The anatomical locations of the most prevalent oral lesions potentially malignant disorders and malignant were in the following structures of the oral cavity: gums, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth and hard palate (p=49.2%), and tongue (p=48.7%). Conclusion: The probability of malignant and premalignant lesions was higher among males (PR= 4.21; 95% CI 2.08-6.22), the increase in age (PR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.05-1.08), and in the tongue region (PR = 5.48; 95% CI 1.67; 17.92). Identification of malignant and potentially malignant oral conditions is higher in older men and in tongue specimens.

The objective was to investigate the experience and severity of dental caries, from the medical records of children who visited the Children's Dental Clinic of a Faculty of southern Brazil, for four years. A cross-sectional study was carried out by analyzing 262 medical records containing information sociodemographic, as well as clinical oral data, to investigate dental caries. Amongst all children included in study, 226 (86.3%) had some teeth with experience of dental caries and 161 (61.5%) had three or more dental caries. The mean dental caries in children aged between 6-8 years was 5.3 ± 3.1, and the average in children aged between 9-12 years was 2.0 ± 1.9. There was association between the severity of dental caries (more than three teeth) and not using dental floss, as well as with the geographical location of residence. Older children were considered to be protected from dental caries. In this study, the experience of dental caries was high, especially in primary teeth, and variables such as the geographical location of residence, absence of flossing were related to the greater severity of dental caries.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Dry mouth syndrome or xerostomia is defined as decreased salivary flow or hypofunction of salivary glands. Its origins are multicausal and might be the result of a change in the salivary glands or a systemic imbalance. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the prevalence of self-reported xerostomia and to identify associated factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on the entire population of 293 elderly people over 60 years of age living in a Brazilian municipality. METHODS: Data were gathered from a questionnaire that asked about demographic data, chronic diseases and use of continuous medications, and which used the Xerostomia Inventory (XI) to evaluate dry mouth sensation. Our analysis consisted of multivariate regression and estimation of odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) in binary logistic regression models. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported xerostomia was 19.1%. Elderly people with diabetes had higher odds of having self-reported xerostomia (OR: 3.59; 95% CI: 1.48-8.68; P < 0.001) as did those who had chronic diseases and used continuous medication (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.19-4.67; P = 0.009). Elderly people who used continuous medication for the gastrointestinal tract were more likely to have xerostomia (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.03-1.44; P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: Elderly people with diabetes and chronic diseases who were using continuous medication were more likely to have dry mouth. Use of continuous medications for the gastrointestinal tract led to a greater chance of having self-reported xerostomia.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: People have been using psychoactive substances for a long time. Over the last few years, this practice has spread among university students, who use these substances to improve their academic performance, relieve stress and increase concentration and memory. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the use of psychoactive drugs among healthcare students at a higher education institution in the city of Passo Fundo (RS), Brazil, and to ascertain the associated demographic and lifestyle factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in a higher education institution. METHODS: We included 287 undergraduate medicine and dentistry students in this study. They answered a self-administered questionnaire regarding sociodemographic, lifestyle and health variables. The statistical analysis used univariate and bivariate analyses with Pearson’s chi-square test (P-value < 0.05). Multivariate analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals. The SPSS software, version 20.0, was used. RESULTS: The prevalence of use of psychoactive substances among the students was 24.7%. Among these students, high frequencies of psychoactive drugs had been prescribed by physicians (95.8%) and for the purpose of relaxation or stress relief (73.2%). Women, medical students (compared with dental students) and participants with lower academic performance were more likely to use psychoactive drugs. After the multivariate adjustment, the “course” and “academic performance” remained associated with use of psychoactive drugs. CONCLUSION: There was high prevalence of psychoactive drug use among the students at the higher education institution investigated. Some variables (female sex, medical students and low academic performance) were associated with the outcome.

To verify the presence of periodontitis, its severity, and their association with associated factors based on medical records of patients who attended the Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Southern Brazil over 4 years. This is a cross-sectional study, which included 422 medical records of patients aged ≥ 18 years. The clinically analyzed data were: plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Sociodemographic data, dental hygiene, harmful habits and chronic systemic diseases were described. Statistical analysis of binary logistic regression was used to verify the relationship between the severity of periodontitis and the exposure variables. The older adults [odds ratio (OR) = 2.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-4.54 – 41 to 55 years and OR = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.49-6.09 – 56 to 87 years], and men (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.18-3.14) showed higher chances of periodontitis severity. Smokers (OR = 3.54; 95% CI: 2.05-6.12), those with hypertension (OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.23-3.63) and with diabetes (OR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.08-4.12) showed higher chances of developing advanced periodontitis. Advanced or severe periodontitis occurred in one-third of the patients. The findings showed that men, older adults, with systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smokers are more susceptible to severe periodontitis.

Objective: To verify whether recreational interaction with pediatric patient before dental care influences cortisol levels and anxiety. Material and Methods: Twelve children were selected and divided into two groups: 6 children who had not previously received recreational intervention (Group I) and 6 children who received recreational intervention before dental care (Group II). Saliva was collected with Salivettes™ kits before and soon after dental care for the measurement of cortisol. Wilcoxon test was applied to verify the difference in salivary cortisol levels before and after the dental visit in the whole sample, and the Mann- Whitney U test was used to analyze the difference between groups I and II. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results: Among patients from Group I, 3 had their cortisol levels increased after dental care, 2 had their cortisol levels decreased, and the other 1 patient remained constant. All participants from Group II had no significant difference in cortisol levels pre- and post-procedure. Mean salivary cortisol level was higher in Group I, pre- and post-procedure, compared to Group II. Conclusion: Pediatric patients who participated in an interactive activity prior to dental care have a lower level of anxiety according to the salivary cortisol levels obtained, compared to patients who did not participate in recreation. The techniques for the dentist to approach the child control the anxiety of the patient and make the procedure calmer and less stressful for both of them.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the decision-making by patients to replace temporary restorations with permanent restorations after endodontic treatment and to verify the associated factors and evaluate the quality/integrity of the temporary restorative material within one month. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using non-probabilistic sampling which analyzed patients after one month of endodontic treatment. The self-administered questionnaire contained sociodemographic, treatment decision-making and endodontic treatment questions. The restoration present in the mouth was evaluated in the clinical oral examination. The Poisson Regression test was used to verify the prevalence ratio. Results: The prevalence failure to perform permanent restorations was 61.1% of patients, and 42.7% reported not having adhered. The reasons are lack of time and not knowing the importance of replacing the restoration with a definitive one. The glass ionomer temporary restorative frequency was higher among those who chose not to replace the temporary restoration with a permanent one (PR=5.19; 95%CI 2.10-12.33). In addition, there was an association between the quality of the restorative material and the type of material, and the best clinical quality of the restoration was statistically associated with glass ionomer and composite resin. Conclusions: The findings show the importance of guidance by the dental surgeon in helping patients decide to replace their temporary restoration.

Context: Anxiety is defined as an emotion produced by a set of feelings and physical changes. Many patients are afraid of some procedures involved in dental therapy. Aim: The objective of this study was to verify the anxiety of patients regarding the visits to dental clinics of a higher education institution, as well as to observe the moment of greatest anxiety. Settings and Design: It is a cross-sectional observational study including 94 patients from the dental clinics of an educational institution in a city of southern Brazil. Materials and Methods: The Corah Dental Anxiety Scale, composed of four questions, was used to evaluate the dental anxiety levels of all patients. The sample universe included registered patients under treatment in the clinics of the studied institution, from August to November of 2016. We included only healthy patients over 18-year old who were subjected to surgical and nonsurgical procedures. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed through descriptive statistic to verify the frequency distribution of all variables. Pearson's Chi-square test, at 5% significance level and 95% confidence interval, was used to evaluate the association between the dependent variable (dental treatment anxiety) and the independent variables (demographics), aided by the SPSS software 20.0. Results: It was found that most of the participants were not anxious (69.1%) and the moment of greatest anxiety reported was before local anesthesia. In addition, statistics showed no correlation among gender, age group, and type of procedure performed. It was possible to conclude that the level of anxiety of the patients regarding the dental care performed in the clinics of the studied institution was low for both surgical and nonsurgical procedures. Conclusion: This survey revealed that the moment of greatest anxiety for the patients was before the anesthetic procedure, and gender, age, and type of procedure did not influence the level of anxiety felt by the patient.

Background: Diseases of the gingival tissues are considered a global public health problem concern. These diseases show great differences in their distribution and prevalence in the different localities investigated. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the periodontal conditions of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in Brazilian adolescents and young people, as well as to verify the associated factors. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional population-based study that used secondary data from the National Oral Health Survey (SB Brazil 2010) performed by the Ministry of Health. This study assessed 7328 adolescents aged 12 years and 5445 young people aged 15–19 years. The characteristics of the periodontal conditions were obtained by the community periodontal index, which provided the outcome variables of gingival bleeding and dental calculus. The predictor variables were demographic, socioeconomic, and oral clinical data. Results: The results showed a high prevalence of gingival bleeding (32%) and dental calculus (33.1%) in the individuals assessed. In addition, as observed after adjusting to the Poisson regression model, the variables of 12 years of age, no tooth loss, fewer household residents, >6 years of education, and no need for dental treatment were considered protective factors for gingival bleeding and dental calculus. Conclusions: The variables of nonwhite skin color, certain regions of the country, and low monthly household income were considered risk factors for the outcomes. Boys presented a higher prevalence of dental calculus than girls.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity caused by fungi of the genus Candida and usually associated with immunosuppressed individuals. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the presence of oral candidiasis and identify the presence of Candida spp. in liver transplant recipients and assess the association between the presence of the fungus and sociodemographic variables, dietary habits and environmental exposure. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 49 patients who had undergone liver transplants at Hospital São Vicente de Paulo in Passo Fundo - RS. Patient information was collected to obtain sociodemographic data, eating habits and environmental exposure. Fungal infections were screened by oral clinical examination and the presence of Candida spp by the collection of oral samples with a sterile swab, seeded in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, incubated at 25°C and observed at 48 hours. To identify Candida albicans, the germ tube test was performed. RESULTS: In 49 patient samples, 39% had the yeast of the genus Candida isolated and, of these patients, 12% had candidiasis, 66% of atrophic type and 34% pseudomembranous. Eleven yeast species were (58%) Candida non-albicans and eight (42%) Candida albicans. STUDY LIMITATIONS: The present study presents as a limitation the inclusion of patients in different stages of immunosuppression. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of Candida non-albicans in the oral cavity of transplant patients with a long period of transplantation is warning to a more effective control of the health of these individuals, especially those with older age.

A fluoretação da água de abastecimento é uma das principais medidas preventivas de saúde pública para controle de cárie dentária. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi conhecer o nível de fluoretação da água de abastecimento da cidade de Passo Fundo. O presente trabalho possui uma abordagem quantitativa, cujo delineamento foi transversal e teve como objetivo verificar os níveis de fluoretação da água de abastecimento da cidade de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados de relatórios públicos da Corsan, constando os valores mínimos, máximos e médios de flúor na água, nos anos de 2014 e 2015 totalizando 72 amostras. As avaliações consideradas inadequadas não ultrapassaram 5% do total de análises realizadas. Concluindo que a média da concentração de flúor apresentou-se de acordo com a legislação vigente durante os dois anos pesquisados.

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Anxiety is usually classified as a disorder of neurotic nature and is often related to contexts of stress, which may include worries, motor tension and autonomic hyperactivity. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of mothers’ anxiety on their children’s anxiety during dental care. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted at in a private dentistry school in the south of Brazil. METHODS: Convenience sampling was used. All mothers of children undergoing treatment were invited to participate in this study. Data to investigate anxiety related to dental treatment among the children were collected through applying the Venham Picture Test (VPT) scale. For the mothers, the Corah scale was applied. A self-administered sociodemographic questionnaire with questions about demographic, behavioral, oral health and dental service variables was also used. RESULTS: 40 mother-child pairs were included in the study. The results showed that 40% of the children were anxious and 60% of the mothers were slightly anxious. Local anesthesia was the procedure that caused most anxiety among the mothers, making them somewhat uncomfortable and anxious (60%). Family income higher than R$ 1,577.00 had an influence on maternal anxiety (75.6%). Maternal anxiety had an influence on child anxiety (81.3%). CONCLUSION: Most of the children showed the presence of anxiety, which ranged from fear of dental care to panic, inferring that maternal anxiety has an influence on children’s anxiety. Dental procedures did not interfere with the mothers’ anxiety, but caused positive feelings, whereas they affected the children more.

Periodontal disease is a multifactorial oral health problem that may be associated with several risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence rates of risk factors and socioeconomic aspects of patients with periodontal disease. One-hundred and twelve patients underwent the application of a socioeconomic questionnaire and intraoral examinations. The later was founded in the search and registration of gingival bleeding, dental calculus and periodontal pockets. In a multivariate analysis using the Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID), the clinical findings were tested for their association with socioeconomic information, such as patient’s level of education. Gingival bleeding, dental calculus and periodontal pockets were detected in 82.1, 88.4 and 38.4% of the sample, respectively. Patients with lower level of education presented higher rates of gingival bleeding (p = 0.018), calculus (p = 0.001) and periodontal pockets (p = 0.001). Other socioeconomic factors, such as age, knowledge of oral hygiene tools, and access to dental services also showed statistically significant associations with periodontal diseases (p < 0.05). These outcomes corroborate with most of the previous scientific literature. In practice, they may contribute to the development of oral health care strategies to reach more effectively populations in need for optimal dental services.

Resumo Introdução O flúor possui eficácia no combate e na prevenção à cárie dentária, o que justifica sua adição na água de abastecimento público, no sal, em géis, soluções para bochechos, vernizes, dentifrícios e materiais restauradores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a fluoretação da água potável para consumo humano no abastecimento público, em um município do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio de análise das amostras de água. Métodos O estudo tem um delineamento descritivo de 121 amostras de água fluoretada, coletadas mensalmente no ano de 2013, em diferentes bairros da zona urbana do município. Resultados Os níveis estavam aceitáveis em 39,7% das amostras, pois 60,3% apresentaram-se abaixo do ideal, e somente 21,4% das amostras ofereceram a melhor combinação risco-benefício para a população (0,65-0,94mg/L de F). Conclusão Concluiu-se que os níveis de concentração de flúor observados nas amostras de água não se mantiveram constantes no período, estando em desacordo com a legislação vigente. Esses dados podem estar correlacionados com a alta prevalência de cárie dentária encontrada na população em estudos municipais.

Objetivo: O aparelho fotopolimerizador é um instrumento que emite luz capaz de ativar componentes da resina composta e demais produtos odontológicos, polimerizando-os, garantindo a qualidade da restauração e sua longevidade. Para a efetivação da fotopolimerização as principais fontes emitentes de luz são as fontes de luz halógenas e os diodos emitentes de luz (LEDs). Todos os aparelhos fotopo­limerizadores são unidades capazes de perda de rentabilidade de acordo com o tempo de uso. Para que o aparelho fotopolimerizador permaneça com sua intensidade de luz ideal, é importante realizar a manutenção periódica dos aparelhos para garantir a adequada polimerização das resinas compostas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a potência dos fotopolimerizadores presentes nas Clínicas Odontológicas do curso de Odontologia da Faculdade Meridional de Passo Fundo – RS, comparando a intensidade de luz de aparelhos novos e usados e verificando a média da potência de três aferições em tempos diferentes. Metodologia: a potência foi aferida através do uso de um radiômetro. Foram avaliados 26 aparelhos fotopolimerizadores caracterizados em novos e usados. Resultados: conforme os resultados obtidos houve diferença estatisticamente significativa, sendo que os aparelhos fotopo­limerizadores usados são mais potentes que os aparelhos novos. Entre as três aferições distintas, a terceira aferição foi a que apresentou a maior média de potência tanto para os aparelhos novos, como para os usados. Conclusão: desse modo, pode-se concluir que os aparelhos usados são mais potentes que os novos e dentre as três aferições, a que obteve maior média de potência foi à terceira, tanto para novos como para os usados.

Objetivo: Avaliar, in vitro, a microinfiltração de um cimento resinoso autoadesivo (Relyx U200, 3M ESPE) em ambos os substratos dentários – esmalte e dentina. Metodologia: A amostra foi constituída por 8 dentes hígidos, preparados para receber uma coroa total, com margens em esmalte na face vestibular e em dentina na face palatina. Sobre estes foram cimentadas coroas confeccionadas em resina composta (Z350 Filtek, 3M ESPE) utilizando o cimento resinoso autoadesivo (Relyx U200, 3M ESPE) conforme as orientações do fabricante. Foi realizada a ciclagem térmica de 700 ciclos e após, os espécimes ficaram submersos em corante azul de metileno 1% por 5 horas, em seguida foram seccionados no sentido vestíbulo-lingual e avaliados por um microscópio estereoscópio com aumento de 16 vezes com uma câmera digital acoplada para obtenção dos resultados. As imagens foram avaliadas através de escores para a microinfiltração. Resultados: Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste estatístico de Anova Anyone, que demonstrou não haver diferença significativamente estatística na microinfiltração entre dentina e esmalte. Conclusão: O cimento resinoso autoadesivo Relyx U200 não apresentou diferença na microinfiltração entre esmalte e dentina. Sendo necessário a realização de outros estudos para avaliar o desempenho deste material.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the current implementation status of Dental Specialty Centers (Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas - CEO) in Brazil. The sample included CEOs implemented up to November 2015 in the 27 Brazilian federative units. Data were obtained directly from the database of the Informatics Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System, according to the National Registry of Health Facilities (NRHF) of Dental Specialty Centers of all Brazilian regions. Primary care data were also collected from the cities with implemented CEOs, including coverage status of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) and number of Oral Health Teams (OHT) I and II, at 2 collection periods (January 2006 and November 2015). There were 1019 CEOs implemented in Brazil, which were unequally distributed among the Brazilian states, with prevalence of implementation of CEOs type II (n=503, 49.4%). The statistical analysis showed significant difference between the three types of CEO (I, II, and III) and the variables of coverage rate (FHS) and number of teams (OHT I, OHT II) at both data collection periods. Although presenting an evolutionary aspect in the implementation of CEOs, the implementation of medium-complexity care in Brazil is disorganized.

The purpose of this research was to ascertain the population's knowledge about oral cancer and propose permanent actions incorporated to the Primordial Prevention Measures. Materials and Methods: There were apply questionnaires in 120 patients of a Basic Health Unit, and most the sample were female and the aged was between 18-82 years. Results: The results showed that most of users don't know adequately about the oral cancer, of which, some believe it's a communicable disease, others believe it's not even a disease. Users know some of the risk factors, but they don't know how to perform self-examination of the mouth. Conclusions: It is suggested the incorporation of three new actions to Prevention Primordial Measure, including the creation of a permanent program in Elementary and Secondary Education Schools, encouraging in favor of self-examination of the mouth and against the use of tobacco and alcohol; the training of dentists from the public care about the actions of measures in Primary and Secondary Prevention; and the integration of effective communication about the actions of measures in Primary and Secondary Prevention.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to verify from a school-based epidemiological survey, the prevalence of anterior open bite, analyzing the influence of pacifier habit in the school. METHODS: The first step was a questionnaire for the parents, and later clinical examinations in 237 school children, 3-14 years old, in the city of Santo Expedito do Sul/RS, Brazil. RESULTS: The population gender distribution was 50.3% boys and 49.4% girls with a mean age of 8.63 years, and 16% had primary dentition, 50.2% mixed dentition and 33.8 % permanent dentition. There was a 22.8% prevalence of anterior open bite, obtaining a significant association between anterior open bite and the pacifier sucking habit on the three dentitions. CONCLUSION: The duration and frequency of the habit were strongly associated with anterior open bite malocclusion in the deciduous and mixed dentitions.OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, a partir de um levantamento epidemiológico de base escolar, a prevalência de mordida aberta anterior, analisando a influência do hábito da chupeta no seu estabelecimento. MÉTODOS: na primeira etapa, foi aplicado um questionário aos responsáveis e, posteriormente, foram feitos exames clínicos em 237 escolares de 3 a 14 anos do município Santo Expedito do Sul/RS. RESULTADOS: o tamanho da população, segundo o sexo, foi de 50,3% meninos e 49,4% meninas, com média de idade de 8,6 anos, sendo que 16% possuíam dentição decídua; 50,2%, dentição mista; e 33,8%, dentição permanente. Verificou-se uma prevalência de 22,8% de mordida aberta anterior, obtendo-se associação significativa entre a mordida aberta anterior e o hábito de sucção de chupeta, nas três dentições. CONCLUSÃO: a duração e a frequência do hábito estiveram fortemente associadas à má oclusão de mordida aberta anterior nas dentições decídua e mista.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the decision making of orthodontists of Passo Fundo district - Rio Grande do Sul (RS, Brazil), in the Orthodontics/Speech Therapy interdisciplinary treatment of mouth breathing individuals. METHODS: The present study is a quantitative approach and the design is descriptive, using as instrument data collection of a questionnaire sent to 22 orthodontists practicing in the above-mentioned district. The project was approved the the Ethics in Research Committee and all individuals signed a free informed consent. RESULTS: All professionals considered the inter-relation between Orthodontics and Speech Therapy necessary, but divergences were found in situations where a associated therapy may exist, considering that 54.5% trust the inter-relation to develop aspects associated to language, orofacial motricity and habits. In cases of associated treatment, the results obtained were considered satisfactory by 73.7% of professionals, even though they consider that only 6 to 20% of their patients collaborate with treatment. CONCLUSION: In relation to decision-making in treatment of mouth breathing individuals, the orthodontists in Passo Fundo/RS agree that there is need for speech therapy. The full vision of the individual in a multidisciplinary team is of fundamental importance in the treatment of patients with mouth breathing syndrome.

Objetivos. Avaliar a influência do forma do fio ortodôntico e sua posição vertical no reforço de uma resina acrílica utilizada para próteses parciais fixas provisórias. Método. Foram confeccionadas 70 barras (25 x 3 x 3 mm) utilizando resina acrílica à base de polimetilmetacrilato com diferentes reforços (n = 10). Dois diferentes formatos da secção transversal do fio foram avaliados: circular (C) e retangular (R). Três posições verticais do fio também foram avaliadas: superior (S), mediana (M), inferior (I). Espécimes do grupo controle foram avaliados sem reforço. As diferentes condições experimentais foram avaliadas em teste de resistência à flexão por 3 pontos em máquina universal de ensaios. Os dados foram analisados utilizando a análise de variância ANOVA (1-fator) seguido pelo teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). Resultados. Os valores médios de resistência à flexão e desvio padrão foram: RI = 171±15a; CI = 125±15b; RM = 117±11bc; RS = 108±13cd; CM = 99±7d; controle = 90±4d; e CS = 89±10d. Conclusão. A utilização de fio ortodôntico retangular na posição inferior do material apresentou a melhor condição de reforço da resina acrílica para prótese parcial fixa provisória.

OBJETIVOS: determinar a prevalência e gravidade da cárie dentária e a necessidade de tratamento em pré-escolares de cinco e seis anos de idade em um município com fluoretação de águas. MÉTODOS: o desenho do estudo foi do tipo transversal caracterizado por um censo, sendo examinadas 432 crianças de cinco e seis anos, de ambos os sexos, das escolas da rede municipal de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul. O levantamento epidemiológico foi realizado por meio de exames clínicos e dados relativos às questões demográficas referentes aos pré-escolares, segundo metodologia proposta pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os examinadores foram devidamente treinados e calibrados, obtendo resultado do teste Kappa de 0,91. A pesquisa foi encaminhada e aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Instituto de Cardiologia de Porto Alegre-RS. RESULTADOS: o índice ceo-d foi de 4,1 (±3,73) e somente 106 (24,5%) das crianças estavam livres de cárie dentária na dentição decídua; a prevalência da necessidade de tratamento de cárie foi de 69,9%. CONCLUSÕES: alta prevalência de cárie dentária e grande necessidade de tratamento foram encontradas, denotando que as estratégias de promoção de saúde bucal do município ainda não estão sendo efetivas.OBJECTIVES: to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries and the need to treat pre-school aged between five and six years in a municipality with fluorinated water. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was carried out using a census examining 432 children aged between five and six years, of both sexes, from municipal public schools in Passo Fundo, in the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul. An epidemiological survey was conducted using clinical examinations and demographic data on the pre-school children, in accordance with the methodology proposed by the World Health Organization. The investigators were duly trained in the application of common standards, obtaining a result of 0.91 on the Kappa test. The study was sent to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Institute of Cardiology in Porto Alegre-RS. RESULTS: the ceo-d índex was 4.1 (±3.73) and only 106 (24.5%) of children were free of caries in milk teeth; the prevalence of the need for treatment of caries was 69.9%. CONCLUSIONS: a high prevalence of dental caries and widespread need for treatment was found, indicating that the oral health promotion strategies used in the municipality are still not proving to be effective.

Aim: Mechanical characteristics of the preparation along with luting agent are significant elements on the maintenance of fixed prostheses. This study aimed at assessing the retention of metal complete crowns luted with two different luting agents under different preparation height. Methods: Forty human third molars were selected and prepared to receive total crowns, and were randomly divided in 4 groups: (1) 5-mm preparation height (PH) and RelyX U100 self-adhesive resin cement (SA); (2) 5-mm PH and zinc phosphate (ZP); (3) 3-mm PH and SA; and (4) 3-mm PH and ZP. Crowns were cast in nickel-chromium alloy. The tensile strength was tested in a universal testing machine. Results: Mean tensile strength values to crown displacement (kgf) and standard deviation were 39.6 (13.0) for group 1; 16.9 (8.1) for group 2; 32.2 (7.9) for group 3; and 10.6 (3.2) for group 4. Overall, the crowns cemented with SA presented significantly higher mean tensile strength values than ZP, and the 5-mm PH presented significantly higher mean tensile strength values than 3-mm PH. Conclusions: The self-adhesive resin cement and higher preparation height improved crown retention.

Os primeiros pinos intra-radiculares a surgirem no mercado eram feitos de aço inoxidável ou de bronze banhado a ouro. Posteriormente surgiram os pinos de titânio, de cerâmica e os pinos de fibra reforçados por resina. Os pinos intra-radiculares são utilizados em procedimentos restauradores, principalmente em situações clínicas com comprometimento significativo da estrutura coronária remanescente. Contudo, é comum a ocorrência de falhas em dentes restaurados com pinos intra-radiculares, principalmente associadas à fratura radicular. Portanto, o objetivo desta revisão crítica da literatura foi avaliar os tipos de pinos intra-radiculares empregados e comparar os resultados de resistência à fratura quando submetidos a cargas cíclicas. Para tanto, foram selecionados 14 estudos experimentais in vitro a partir de bases de dados eletrônicas (BBO, Lilacs, Pubmed, Cochrane, Scielo) desenvolvidos entre 2001 e 2008. Os resultados dos estudos demonstraram, na sua grande maioria, que não houve fraturas dentárias durante a aplicação de carga cíclica. Concluiu-se que independentemente do tipo de pino intra-radicular, as fraturas ocorrem quando os dentes são submetidos a cargas estáticas, e não durante a aplicação de cargas cíclicas. Quando a dentição está protegida de parafunções, os sistemas de pinos intra-radiculares atualmente utilizados fornecem bons resultados.

ABSTRACT Objective To check knowledge of undergraduate dental students to make diagnosis of dental fluorosis with varying degrees of severity and choose its appropriate treatment. Methods Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire addressing knowledge of undergraduates based on ten images of mouths presenting enamel changes. Results Only three images were correctly diagnosed by most undergraduates; the major difficulty was in establishing dental fluorosis severity degree. Conclusion Despite much information about fluorosis conveyed during the Dentistry training, as defined in the course syllabus, a significant part of the students was not able to differentiate it from other lesions; they did not demonstrate expertise as to defining severity of fluorosis and indications for treatment, and could not make the correct diagnosis of enamel surface changes.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the perception of mothers about oral health of their children, as well as to check the influence of demographic variables, perception and preventive practice in oral health of mothers regarding guidance received during pregnancy. Methods Quantitative and cross-sectional field study, with a non-probability sample formed by all mothers who attended the primary healthcare unit of Ijuí (RS), Brazil, from January to July 2014, comprising a sample of 79 women. Self-applied questionnaires were given to these mothers. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics, the χ2 test at a significance level of 5%. Results The mothers who received dental orientation during pregnancy had greater perception of oral health of their children. The mean age of mothers was 26 years, most of them attended high school education (32.9%) and worked outside the home (60.8%). There was a statistically significant relation between the outcome variable, dental orientation during pregnancy, and the independent variables: schooling level of mothers, occupation, baby’s first visit to the dentist, duration of breastfeeding, beginning of baby’s tooth brushing and knowledge about dental decay (p

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the profile of elderly followed up by Family Health Strategy teams and the influence of self-reported chronic diseases on demographic variables, describing self-perception and satisfaction with quality of health. Methods: This is a cross-sectional population- based study carried out with 301 elderly residents in two areas of a city in southern Brazil. Data were collected through a questionnaire based on the Health, Well-Being, and Aging Study adapted by researchers, and a playful scale to assess satisfaction with health. For the statistical analysis, the χ2 test was used (p

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the prevalence of the main oral problems present in special needs children and to relate the underlying conditions with the clinical and demographic variables. Methods The study was based on the physical examination of 47 students from the Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais diagnosed as Down syndrome, cerebral palsy and intellectual deficit. For data collection, we used a self-administered questionnaire that included indices of dental caries and oral hygiene, Angle classification, malposition of dental groups and oral hygiene habits. Results The predominant age group was 12-25 years (46.8%) and most patients were male (55.3%). Regarding daily brushing, 63.8% reported brushing their teeth three times a day, and 85.1% did it by themselves. A total of 48.9% were rated as Angle class I, and 25.5% had no type of malocclusion. A high dental carries index (decayed, missing, filled >10) was observed in 44.7%, and 53.2% had inadequate oral hygiene (zero to 1.16). There was a statistically significant difference between cerebral palsy and the act of the participants brushing their teeth by themselves. Conclusion There was a high decayed-missing-filled teeth index and malocclusion class I, as well as inadequate oral hygiene. The type of underlying condition of the participants influenced the act of brushing teeth by themselves.

Resumo Introdução O uso da laserterapia em pacientes oncológicos com mucosite oral tem efeitos biológicos por meio de processos fotofísicos e bioquímicos que aumentam o metabolismo celular, estimulando a atividade mitocondrial, atuando como analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios e reparadores da lesão da mucosa. Objetivo Averiguar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com mucosite oral induzida pelos tratamentos antineoplásicos previamente à aplicação de laserterapia e posterior à regressão das lesões orais. Metodologia Trata-se de um ensaio quase-experimental com 18 pacientes oncológicos em atendimento hospitalar que desenvolveram mucosite oral. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e o questionário de Qualidade de Vida (UW-QOL) aplicado antes das sessões com laser de baixa potência e após a regressão das lesões. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram o teste t de Student e o teste Quiquadrado, admitindo ser significativo o p