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O conhecimento de sintomas de deficiência nutricional permite a identificação e a correção de deficiências, possibilitando intervenções corretas e sem desperdícios. Entretanto os métodos de diagnose química são demorados e de alto custo, além de ocorrer em estádio fenológico avançado, quando parte significativa da produção já estiver comprometida. A identificação de deficiência nutricional baseada em análise de imagens é uma estratégia inovadora para identificar a deficiência com antecedência e garantir a correção do nutriente na cultura. O objetivo foi verificar métodos de extração de características de imagens digitais foliares, baseados em padrões de textura da folha e em índices espectrais, para a identificação de sintomas de deficiência de nitrogênio (N) em híbridos de milho (Zea mays L.), cultivados no campo. O experimento foi conduzido no campo, em blocos ao acaso em fatorial 4x3 e 4 blocos, sendo 4 doses de adubação: omissão individual e completa (0%) de N, 50%, 100% e 200% da dose recomendada de N. Os híbridos foram: DKB390 PróR2® (H1), Pioneer 30F35® (H2) e Syngenta Status® (H3). A coleta e digitalização das folhas ocorreram em V4 e R1. Foram obtidas as imagens da folha indicativa do estádio (FI), analisadas quimicamente e por imagens. Os métodos de extração de características baseados em padrões de textura de imagens em escala de cinza foram: Fourier, Descritor Fractal (Fractal), Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Gabor Wavelets (GW) e Gabor Wavelets+Fractal Descriptors (GWF); e também foram estudados métodos de extração de características baseados em 4 índices espectrais de imagens coloridas: excesso de verde (EVd), vermelho normalizado (Vern), verde normalizado (Vn) e razão verde-vermelho (Rvv) e a combinação entre eles. Foram determinadas as concentrações foliares de N, além do estudo dos métodos de extração de características. Os resultados mostraram que a redução nas doses de N promoveu decréscimos significativos na concentração foliar desse elemento nas folhas. Nos métodos baseados em padrões de textura, a identificação de deficiência foi melhor no estádio R1 para os híbridos H2 e H3. No estádio V4, foi observado acertos de 69% (Fourier) e de 68,75% (LBP) no H1; 66,25% (Fourier e LBP) no H2 e 65,75% (LBP) e 63,5% (Fourier). Entretanto, no estádio R1, a porcentagem de acertos foi de 69,0% (Fourier) e 64,75% (LBP) no H1; 86,5% (LBP) e 77,25% (Fourier) no H2 e 90,75% (LBP) e 87,5% (Fourier) no H3. Para os métodos de extração de características baseados em índices espectrais, a classificação melhorou no estádio R1. As imagens de folhas em R1 apresentaram classificação muito boa para H1 e boa para H3, e razoável para H2. Observou-se 70% de acertos em H1, 53% de acertos em H2 e 65% de acertos em H3. Portanto, conclui-se que os sintomas de deficiência ou de excesso de N podem ser identificados pelas metodologias de análise de imagens digitais estudadas. Os métodos de extração de características baseados em textura de imagem apresentam melhor desempenho de classificação do que os métodos baseados em índices espectrais. O método baseado na textura de imagens que apresenta o melhor desempenho é o Fourier.

The artificial vision system (AVS) uses image analysis methods that can interpret images and identify nutritional deficiency symptoms in plant, even in the early stages of development. The objective of this study was to propose methods of image processing using analysis by texture to identify the deficiency of calcium (Ca) in maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown in nutrient solution. Plants were grown in nutrient solution in a greenhouse. Calcium doses were 0.0; 1.7; 3.3 and 5.0 mM of Ca, with four replications. Plant and leaf images were sampled at three main stages of maize development: V4 (plants with four leaves fully developed), V6 (plants with six leaves fully developed) and V8 (plants with eight leaves fully developed). Sampled material was split into (i) index leaf (IL) of the growing stage (V4 = leaf 4, V6 = leaf 6, and V8 = leaf 8), and (ii) new leaf (OL), both to image capture and chemical analysis. Such leaves were scanned, processed by the AVS and chemically analyzed. The texture methods used by the AVS to extract deficiency characteristics in the leaf images were: Volumetric Fractal Dimension (VFD), Gabor Wavelet Energy (GWE) and VFD with canonical analysis (VFDCA). The amount of Ca in the solution resulted in variation in the concentration of Ca in NL and IL, allowing the observation of typical symptoms of Ca deficiency. The AVS method was able to identify all Ca levels in leaves, being the GWE the best indicator using color images, scoring 80% of rights in images of the middle section of new leaves in V4.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic imaging approach to identify the deficiency of boron in leaves of maize. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under a hydroponic...

RESUMO As plantas forrageiras tropicais apresentam alto potencial de produção de massa de forragem, condicionada às condições edafoclimáticas, principalmente à adubação nitrogenada. A magnitude da resposta depende do sincronismo entre a disponibilidade de nutrientes e as necessidades da planta forrageira na rebrotação, e os resultados encontrados na literatura são contrastantes. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar características estruturais e bromatológicas de Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Massai submetido a quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120mg/dm3) e três momentos de aplicação após o corte (um, três e sete dias), divididos em três cortes, em um esquema fatorial 4 x 3 e delineado inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação. O incremento na taxa de aparecimento de perfilhos, na densidade populacional de perfilhos, na produção de massa seca de folha total e nos teores de proteína bruta foi de 42%, 65%, 770% e 35%, respectivamente, para a dose de 120mg/dm³ em relação à ausência de adubação nitrogenada. As fibras em detergente neutro e em detergente ácido decresceram cerca de 6% e 9%, respectivamente, com a adição de nitrogênio. Apenas a massa seca de folha total respondeu às épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio após o corte, com valores pouco expressivos. A adubação nitrogenada exerce efeito positivo sobre as variáveis estudadas, porém novos estudos devem ser conduzidos para a definição da época de adubação de nitrogênio após o corte, para a melhor utilização do nutriente pelas plantas. ABSTRACT Tropical forage plants have a high potential for mass production of fodder, subject to soil and climatic conditions, especially with nitrogen fertilization. The magnitude of the response depends on the timing of availability of nutrients and forage plant needs in the regrowth. Thus, this work was carried out to evaluate structural and bromatologic characteristics of the Panicum maximum Jacq cv. Massai in response to four nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80 and 120mg/dm3) and with three application times after cutting (one, three and seven days) in a 4 x 3 factorial treatment combination, in a completely randomized design, with four replicates. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The increase in the rate of tillering, tiller population density, dry mass total leaf production and crude protein levels was 42%, 65%, 770% and 35%, respectively for the dose of 120mg / dm³ regarding the absence of fertilization. The neutral detergent and acid detergent fibers showed a decrease of 6% and 9% with nitrogen addition. Dry mass total leaf production responded to times of nitrogen application after cutting, with little significant values. Nitrogen fertilization has a positive effect on the variables studied, but new studies should be conducted to define the timing of nitrogen fertilization after cutting, for better utilization of this nutrient by plants.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:46:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-06832011000500022.pdf: 930038 bytes, checksum: 1f77ee92954f4f75da6ecda9f9382578 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:46:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-06832011000500022.pdf: 930038 bytes, checksum: 1f77ee92954f4f75da6ecda9f9382578 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:35:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-06832011000500022.pdf: 930038 bytes, checksum: 1f77ee92954f4f75da6ecda9f9382578 (MD5) S0100-06832011000500022.pdf.txt: 27223 bytes, checksum: a2e4b078b78ca9ae76e219fcc8cfc5b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:09:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-06832011000500022.pdf: 930038 bytes, checksum: 1f77ee92954f4f75da6ecda9f9382578 (MD5) S0100-06832011000500022.pdf.txt: 27223 bytes, checksum: a2e4b078b78ca9ae76e219fcc8cfc5b8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:09:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-06832011000500022.pdf: 930038 bytes, checksum: 1f77ee92954f4f75da6ecda9f9382578 (MD5) S0100-06832011000500022.pdf.txt: 27223 bytes, checksum: a2e4b078b78ca9ae76e219fcc8cfc5b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-01 A caramboleira (Averrhoa carambola) tende a acumular grande quantidade de Mn nos seus tecidos, mas são escassas as informações sobre a forma como o excesso desse nutriente permanece na planta. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o esclarecimento desse aspecto, neste trabalho foram cultivadas mudas de caramboleira em solução nutritiva de Furlani (1999) com concentrações crescentes de Mn (0; 0,5; 25; e 50 mg L-1 de Mn), e aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias os tecidos de caule, folha e raiz foram colhidos e submetidos a uma sequência de soluções extratoras: água, DTPA (ácido dietilenotriaminopentacético) e HCl (ácido clorídrico) 1 mol L-1, com posterior determinação da quantidade de Mn nos extratos e nos tecidos remanescentes. Foram encontrados teores crescentes de Mn nos extratos de água, DTPA e HCl 1 mol L-1. A maior parte (cerca de 50 %) do Mn permaneceu no tecido vegetal, mesmo após subsequentes extrações com as diferentes soluções extratoras, indicando que essa parte está fortemente ligada aos tecidos. Os maiores teores de Mn foram encontrados nas raízes e, os menores, no caule e nas folhas, sugerindo que a caramboleira tende a fixar o Mn nas raízes, possivelmente como mecanismo para limitar o transporte para a parte área, evitando a intoxicação da planta. Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) plants tend to accumulate significant amounts of Mn in their tissues. However, information regarding the form in which the plant stores the excess is scarce. For a deeper understanding of this aspect, star fruit plantlets were grown in nutritive solutions of Furlani (1999) with increasing levels of Mn (0, 0.5, 25 and 50 mg L-1), and after 30, 60, 90 and 120 days the tissues were collected and subjected to a sequence of extracting solutions: water, DTPA (diethyltriaminepentacetic acid), and HCl (chloridric acid) 1 mol L-1. Then, Mn was determined in the extracts and remaining tissues. Increasing Mn concentrations were found in the extracts with water, DTPA and HCl. The greatest part of Mn (about 50 %) was detected in the remaining tissues, even after successive extractions with the different solutions, suggesting a strong linkage to plant tissues. Highest Mn concentrations were found in the roots, then the stalk and the leaf tissues, suggesting that star fruit plants tend to fix Mn in the root tissues, which is possibly a defense mechanism to limit Mn transport to the aerial part, to avoid plant intoxication. UNESP UNESP

Every year, efficient maize production is very important to the economy of many countries. Since nutritional deficiencies in maize plants are directly reflected in their grains productivity, early detection is needed to maximize the chances of proper recovery of these plants. Traditional texture methods recently showed interesting results in the identification of nutritional deficiencies. On the other hand, deep learning techniques are increasingly outperforming hand-crafted features on many tasks. In this paper, we propose a simple transfer learning approach from pre-trained cnn models and compare their results with those from traditional texture methods in the task of nitrogen deficiency identification. We perform experiments in a real-world dataset that contains digitalized images of maize leaves at different growth stages and with different levels of nitrogen fertilization. The results show that deep learning based descriptors achieve better success rates than traditional texture methods.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:26:54Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:47:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84866658154.pdf: 112559 bytes, checksum: 487885c56534ac059eaa3c62b195f0a4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:26:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-01 A better understanding of the differences between the levels of nutrients, depending on the type of pruning used in the cultivation of the guava tree, may allow a more adequate understanding of the physiological processes of this fruit. The analysis of flowers is a tool that can be used to assist in assessing the nutritional status of crops, especially perennials. We evaluated the effects of different types of pruning on nutrient concentrations in flowers and fruit, at different developmental stages and in different parts of the fruit. The study was carried out in Vista Alegre do Alto, in orchards of guava variety Paluma. Flowers and fruit were collected in orchards, one under heavy pruning and the other with continuous pruning. The fruit were collected in two stages (two millimeters length and mature) and divided into basal part and apex, with the top toward the stalk. Flowers were collected in the same orchards as the fruits, sampling the basal part and apex of the flowers. F tests were performed and, when necessary, the Scott-Knott test at α= 5%. Overall, there were nutritional differences among flowers and fruits in relation to the type of pruning employed; drastic pruning provided higher levels of nutrients compared with continuous pruning. In relation to the portion of the samples, especially for fruit, there were differences between the apex and base, as well as between different stages of fruit collection. CNPC Campus Experimental de Registro USP FZEA FCAV

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:43:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1806-66902011000200001.pdf: 204895 bytes, checksum: fb805b1f8f556955d125919608861f15 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:43:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1806-66902011000200001.pdf: 204895 bytes, checksum: fb805b1f8f556955d125919608861f15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:59:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1806-66902011000200001.pdf: 204895 bytes, checksum: fb805b1f8f556955d125919608861f15 (MD5) S1806-66902011000200001.pdf.txt: 33661 bytes, checksum: 6c84464aed9ebd40a19f33028337d9aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:17:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1806-66902011000200001.pdf: 204895 bytes, checksum: fb805b1f8f556955d125919608861f15 (MD5) S1806-66902011000200001.pdf.txt: 33661 bytes, checksum: 6c84464aed9ebd40a19f33028337d9aa (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:17:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1806-66902011000200001.pdf: 204895 bytes, checksum: fb805b1f8f556955d125919608861f15 (MD5) S1806-66902011000200001.pdf.txt: 33661 bytes, checksum: 6c84464aed9ebd40a19f33028337d9aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de calcário e boro nos atributos químicos de um Latossolo, estado nutricional e produtividade da cultura do feijoeiro. As doses de calcário empregadas foram crescentes, considerando-se a saturação por bases igual a 70%, correspondendo às doses: zero; 0,6; 1,2 (v = 70%); 1,8 e 2,4 t ha-1. O calcário utilizado apresentava poder relativo de neutralização total (PRNT), poder de neutralização (PN) e reatividade (RE) de 131; 137 e 95%, respectivamente. As doses de boro estudadas foram iguais a 0 (zero); 0,6; 1,2; 1,8; e 2,4 mg dm-3 de B, sendo a referência para definição das mesmas a de 1,2 mg dm-3 de B (ou 1,2 kg ha-1 de B). Utilizou-se como fonte o ácido bórico (H3BO3) p.a. (17% B). Na época do florescimento foi avaliado o estado nutricional das plantas e, aos 90 dias foram avaliadas a fertilidade do solo e a produção de grãos. No solo houve melhoria dos atributos pH, SB, V e na concentração de Ca e Mg, e do B com o emprego da adubação boratada. A interação da calagem com a adubação boratada promoveu maior acúmulo de Ca, Mg e B nas plantas. Os dados apresentados demonstram que o feijoeiro foi responsivo à calagem e à adubação boratada, tendo atingido bons índices de produção com a utilização de 1,8 kg ha-1 de B com doses crescentes de calcário. The objective was to study the application of lime and boron on the chemical in an Oxisol in the nutritional status and yield. The doses of limestone were increasing, considering the saturation of bases 70%, corresponding doses: zero, 0.6; 1.2 (saturation of bases = 70%), 1.8 and 2.4 t ha- 1, respectively. The lime used had relative power of total neutralization (PRNT) = 131% (neutralization power, PN = 137% and reactivity, RE = 95%). The boron doses studied were equal to 0 (zero), 0.6; 1.2; 1.8, and 2.4 mg dm-3 of B, with reference to the definition of the same 1.2 mg dm-3 B (or 1.2 kg ha-1 B). It was used as a source boric acid (H3BO3) (17% B). At the time of flowering was assessed the nutritional status of plants and, at 90 days were evaluated soil fertility and yield. There was improvement in soil pH of the attributes, SB, V and the concentration of Ca and Mg, and B with the use of boron fertilization. The interaction of lime with boron fertilization increased the concentration of Ca, Mg and B in plants. The data presented demonstrate that the common bean was responsive to liming and boron fertilization, reaching good production rates with the use of 1.8 kg ha-1 of B with increasing doses of lime. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Caprinos e Ovinons Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Solos e Adubos Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias USP Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Solos e Adubos Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

Although zinc is widely used in agriculture, special attention is required when studying its interactions with other nutrients. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of zinc doses and sources applied to rice (cv. Caiapó) seeds on the nutrient contents and accumulation in the initial growth phase. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, at Unesp/ Jaboticabal Campus - São Paulo, Brazil (21º15’22’’S, 48º18’58’’W, altitude 575 m), from February to March 2005. The experimental design was the entirely randomized one, with three replications. The treatments were five doses of Zn: 0 g kg-1, 1 g kg-1, 2 g kg-1, 4 g kg-1, and 8 g kg-1 of seeds; and two sources of zinc - sulphate and oxide. The increase of zinc sulphate doses promoted a higher accumulation of S, Cu, Fe, and Mn in the shoots, and of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, and Mn in rice roots. However, it promoted a smaller accumulation of N, K, and B in the shoots. The increase of zinc oxide doses promoted a higher accumulation of K, Mg, S, Cu, and Mn in the shoots, and of N, Ca, B, Cu, and Mn in the roots. However, it promoted a smaller accumulation of N, Ca, B, and Fe in the shoots, and of P in the roots. KEY-WORDS: Fertilization; plant nutrition; Oryza sativa L.; Zn; micronutrients. O zinco, apesar de largamente utilizado na agricultura, requer atenção especial, quando se estuda sua interação com os demais nutrientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de doses e fontes de zinco aplicadas em sementes de arroz (cv. Caiapó), sobre o teor e acúmulo de nutrientes na fase inicial de crescimento. O experimento foi realizado em condições de casa de vegetação, em Jaboticabal, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (21º15’22’’S, 48º18’58’’W e altitude de 575 m), no período de fevereiro a março de 2005. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram cinco doses de Zn: 0 g kg-1, 1 g kg-1, 2 g kg-1, 4 g kg-1 e 8 g kg-1 de semente; e duas fontes de zinco - sulfato de zinco e óxido de zinco. O aumento das doses de zinco como sulfato promoveu maior acúmulo de S, Cu, Fe e Mn, na parte aérea, e de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe e Mn, no sistema radicular do arroz, porém, menor acúmulo de N, K e B na parte aérea. O aumento das doses de zinco como óxido promoveu maior acúmulo de K, Mg, S, Cu e Mn, na parte aérea, e de N, Ca, B, Cu e Mn, no sistema radicular, porém, menor acúmulo de N, Ca, B e Fe na parte aérea e de P nas raízes.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Adubação; nutrição de plantas; Oryza sativa L.; Zn; micronutrientes.

O zinco, apesar de largamente utilizado na agricultura, requer atenção especial, quando se estuda sua interação com os demais nutrientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de doses e fontes de zinco aplicadas em sementes de arroz (cv. Caiapó), sobre o teor e acúmulo de nutrientes na fase inicial de crescimento. O experimento foi realizado em condições de casa de vegetação, em Jaboticabal, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (21º15’22’’S, 48º18’58’’W e altitude de 575 m), no período de fevereiro a março de 2005. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram cinco doses de Zn: 0 g kg-1, 1 g kg-1, 2 g kg-1, 4 g kg-1 e 8 g kg-1 de semente; e duas fontes de zinco - sulfato de zinco e óxido de zinco. O aumento das doses de zinco como sulfato promoveu maior acúmulo de S, Cu, Fe e Mn, na parte aérea, e de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe e Mn, no sistema radicular do arroz, porém, menor acúmulo de N, K e B na parte aérea. O aumento das doses de zinco como óxido promoveu maior acúmulo de K, Mg, S, Cu e Mn, na parte aérea, e de N, Ca, B, Cu e Mn, no sistema radicular, porém, menor acúmulo de N, Ca, B e Fe na parte aérea e de P nas raízes.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Adubação; nutrição de plantas; Oryza sativa L.; Zn; micronutrientes. Although zinc is widely used in agriculture, special attention is required when studying its interactions with other nutrients. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of zinc doses and sources applied to rice (cv. Caiapó) seeds on the nutrient contents and accumulation in the initial growth phase. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, at Unesp/ Jaboticabal Campus - São Paulo, Brazil (21º15’22’’S, 48º18’58’’W, altitude 575 m), from February to March 2005. The experimental design was the entirely randomized one, with three replications. The treatments were five doses of Zn: 0 g kg-1, 1 g kg-1, 2 g kg-1, 4 g kg-1, and 8 g kg-1 of seeds; and two sources of zinc - sulphate and oxide. The increase of zinc sulphate doses promoted a higher accumulation of S, Cu, Fe, and Mn in the shoots, and of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, and Mn in rice roots. However, it promoted a smaller accumulation of N, K, and B in the shoots. The increase of zinc oxide doses promoted a higher accumulation of K, Mg, S, Cu, and Mn in the shoots, and of N, Ca, B, Cu, and Mn in the roots. However, it promoted a smaller accumulation of N, Ca, B, and Fe in the shoots, and of P in the roots. KEY-WORDS: Fertilization; plant nutrition; Oryza sativa L.; Zn; micronutrients.

The identification of the nutritional status of maize by foliar chemical analysis requires sampling of leaves when the plant is in an advanced stage of development, hindering corrective action in ongoing cultivation, if deficiency detection of a specific nutrient occurs. An artificial vision system (AVS) is a set of methods used for analysis and interpretation of images. Therefore, an AVS is being developed to identify nutrient deficiencies at different stages of plant development, especially in the early stages of growth, which may contribute to early diagnosis and correction in the same cycle of growth. The objective was to evaluate methods of digital image processing to develop the AVS to diagnose induced nitrogen deficiency in maize leaves. The experiment was done in greenhouse and the treatments were N doses (0.0; 3.0; 6.0 e 15.0 mMol L−1) combined with three growing stages (V4, V7 and R1). The images of maize leaves were digitized in 1200 dpi. After scanning, leaves were chemically analyzed for N content and was determined the dry mass of plants. The studied methods in AVS were: Volumetric Fractal Dimension (VFD), Gabor Wavelet (GW) and VFD with canonical analysis. The omission and reduction of nitrogen in maize plants resulted in typical symptoms of N deficiency. The AVS was able to identify levels of nitrogen deficiency in the early stages of development of corn, with global percentage of right of 82.5% at V4 and 87.5% at V7. The GW technique with color images resulted in the better method for features extraction.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:44:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1806-66902013000300003.pdf: 659986 bytes, checksum: e0f82469ddfadda036c4b870a889aca7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:44:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1806-66902013000300003.pdf: 659986 bytes, checksum: e0f82469ddfadda036c4b870a889aca7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:40:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1806-66902013000300003.pdf: 659986 bytes, checksum: e0f82469ddfadda036c4b870a889aca7 (MD5) S1806-66902013000300003.pdf.txt: 38410 bytes, checksum: e11975fa0543732f95e722cc9e8e2812 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:12:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1806-66902013000300003.pdf: 659986 bytes, checksum: e0f82469ddfadda036c4b870a889aca7 (MD5) S1806-66902013000300003.pdf.txt: 38410 bytes, checksum: e11975fa0543732f95e722cc9e8e2812 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:12:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1806-66902013000300003.pdf: 659986 bytes, checksum: e0f82469ddfadda036c4b870a889aca7 (MD5) S1806-66902013000300003.pdf.txt: 38410 bytes, checksum: e11975fa0543732f95e722cc9e8e2812 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-01 O conhecimento sobre o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes em hipobiotos de caramboleira permite melhor eficiência da adubação na produção de hipobiotos (porta-enxertos). Objetivou-se determinar o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes em hipobiotos de caramboleira cultivada em solução nutritiva. O experimento constituiu de cinco tratamentos, referentes aos tempos de coleta 25; 50; 75; 100 e 125 dias após o transplantio, dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em seis repetições. As plantas utilizadas foram obtidas de sementes de frutos de caramboleira 'Malásia', cultivadas em vasos com solução nutritiva. Nos diferentes órgãos dos hipobiotos (folhas, caule e raízes), avaliou-se o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes e os índices nutricionais, a cada 25 dias. O ponto de enxertia (6 mm) foi atingido aos 110 dias após o transplantio. A ordem decrescente dos nutrientes acumulados em cada hipobioto produzido é de (em mg por planta): N = 634; K = 368; Ca = 152; Mg = 106; S = 98; P = 88 (em µg por planta) de: Fe = 2.963; Mn = 2.165; B = 722; Zn =780, e Cu = 96. O acúmulo médio de nutrientes é maior nas folhas > caule = raízes. O período de maior exigência de nutrientes pelos hipobiotos é compreendido entre 25-75 dias após o transplantio. As diferentes taxas de acumulação líquida dos nutrientes, nas diferentes partes da caramboleira, nem sempre acompanham a taxa de acumulação de nutrientes do respectivo órgão. Knowledge of the growth of, and nutrient accumulation in rootstock of the star fruit leads to a more efficient fertilization in the production this rootstock. The objective was to determine the growth of, and nutrient accumulation in rootstock of the star fruit when grown in a nutrient solution. The experiment consisted of five treatments, related to the period of collection: 25; 50; 75; 100 and 125 days after transplanting, arranged in a completely randomized design with six replications. The plants used were obtained from seeds of the fruit of the 'Malaysia' carambola, grown in pots with a nutrient solution. The growth, accumulation of nutrients, and nutritional indices of different organs of the rootstock (leaves, stems and roots) were assessed every 25 days. The grafting point (6 mm) was reached at 110 days after transplanting. In decreasing order, the nutrients accumulated in each rootstock produced were (mg per plant): N = 634, K = 368, Ca =152, Mg = 106, S = 98, P = 88, and (mg per plant): Fe = 2,963, Mn = 2,165, B = 722;Zn = 780 and Cu = 96. The average accumulation of nutrients was higher in the leaves > stems = roots. The period of greatest nutrient demand by the rootstock occurred between 25-75 days after transplanting. The different net rates of accumulation of nutrients in the various parts of the star fruit do not always follow the rate of nutrient accumulation in the respective organ. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Campus Experimental de Registro Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Solos e Adubos Universidade de São Paulo/USP Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos Zootecnia Unesp/FCAV Produção Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Campus Experimental de Registro Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Solos e Adubos Unesp/FCAV Produção Vegetal

Um sistema de visão artificial (SVA) para diagnose nutricional de milho, baseado em análise de imagens de folhas foi recentemente proposto pelo GCC-IFSC e Agrárias-FZEA/USP. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional do milho cultivado em casa de vegetação em solução nutritiva, com deficiência e suficiência nutricionais induzidas de nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P), potássio (K) e manganês (Mn) utilizando visão artificial, e posteriormente em campo visando validar o diagnóstico pelo sistema de visão artificial desenvolvido. As doses dos nutrientes foram constituídas pela omissão, 1/5, 2/5 e a dose completa, combinadas em três estádios de desenvolvimento do milho (V4, V7 e R1), com quatro repetições. O experimento foi individual para cada elemento. Em cada época foram coletadas imagens de folhas indicativas do estádio (FI), folhas velhas (FV) para o N, P e K e folhas novas para o Mn, que foram primeiramente digitalizadas em 1200 dpi, e em seguida encaminhadas para serem analisadas quimicamente. Também foram avaliadas nas plantas, as variáveis biométricas (altura, diâmetro do colmo e número de folhas) e determinar as produções de massa seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, além da determinação dos teores de nutrientes. A omissão de N, P e K proporcionaram deficiências nutricionais características nas folhas do milho, quando cultivado em casa de vegetação. As modificações nas folhas do milho, com as doses dos nutrientes estudadas, possibilitaram a obtenção de imagens necessárias para o desenvolvimento do SVA, em casa de vegetação. A utilização das imagens da casa de vegetação para treinar o SVA visando à validação de imagens do campo, gerou confusão na interpretação, levando a erros de classificação, entretanto, o uso desta tecnologia para diagnose nutricional do milho, tanto em casa de vegetação, como no campo, é promissora. An artificial vision system (AVS) for nutrient diagnosis of corn, based on analysis of images of leaves was recently proposed by SCG-IFSC and Agrarian-FZEA/USP. The objective was evaluate the nutritional status of maize grown in a greenhouse in nutrient solution with induced nutritional deficiency and sufficiency of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and manganese (Mn) using artificial vision, and correlate the results obtained with foliar analysis, and then the field in order to validate the diagnosis by artificial vision system developed. Doses of nutrients were established by omission, 1/5, 2/5 and full dose, combined into three developmental stages of corn (V4, V7 and R1), with four replications. The experiment was for each individual element. Images of leaves were collected in each epoch indicating the stage (FI), old leaves (FV) for N, P and K and Mn for new leaves, which were first scanned at 1200 dpi, then sent to be analyzed chemically. The biometric variables (height, stem diameter and number of leaves) were also evaluated, and the dry matter production of shoots and roots was determined, besides the determination of nutritional content. The omission of N, P and K caused typical nutrient deficiencies provided in the leaves of maize when grown in a greenhouse. The changes in the leaves of maize, with doses of nutrients studied, allowed the imaging necessary for training SVA in a greenhouse. The use of images of the greenhouse to train the SVA aiming to validate images of the field has led to confusion in the interpretation leading to errors of classification, however the use of this technology for nutrient diagnosis of corn, both in the greenhouse and in the field, is promising.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:48:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452011000400030.pdf: 439833 bytes, checksum: 60999d5119790c2fe45dc3c0f4dadc66 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:48:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452011000400030.pdf: 439833 bytes, checksum: 60999d5119790c2fe45dc3c0f4dadc66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:59:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452011000400030.pdf: 439833 bytes, checksum: 60999d5119790c2fe45dc3c0f4dadc66 (MD5) S0100-29452011000400030.pdf.txt: 22881 bytes, checksum: 261ad7777224005975379a01da27167d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:17:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452011000400030.pdf: 439833 bytes, checksum: 60999d5119790c2fe45dc3c0f4dadc66 (MD5) S0100-29452011000400030.pdf.txt: 22881 bytes, checksum: 261ad7777224005975379a01da27167d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:17:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452011000400030.pdf: 439833 bytes, checksum: 60999d5119790c2fe45dc3c0f4dadc66 (MD5) S0100-29452011000400030.pdf.txt: 22881 bytes, checksum: 261ad7777224005975379a01da27167d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Com o objetivo de estudar a relação entre doses de calcário e produção de carambolas, um experimento de campo foi conduzido em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, no município de Bebedouro(SP), no período de 1999 a 2006. O delineamento adotado foi o em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. O calcário foi aplicado uma única vez em 1999, nas doses de: 0; 1,85; 3,71; 5,56 e 7,41 t ha-1. A produção das caramboleiras aumentou em resposta à aplicação do corretivo de acidez. As produções acumuladas de frutos, nos anos sucessivos de 2003, 2004, 2005 e 2006, estiveram associadas às doses mais econômicas de calcário de 4,5; 4,8; 5,3 e 5,3 t ha-1, respectivamente. With the objective to study the relationship between limestone doses and star fruit production, a field experiment was conducted on Oxisol soil in Bebedouro, São Paulo state, Brazil, from 1999 to 2006. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with four replications. The limestone was used only once in 1999, at doses from 0, 1.85; 3.71; 5.56 and 7.41 ton ha-1. The guava production increased in response to the acidity corrective application. The accumulated production of fruits in successive years 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 was associated with economical doses of limestone of 4.5; 4.8; 5.3 and 5.3 ton ha-1 respectively. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Solos e Adubos Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho USP Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Solos e Adubos Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:48:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452011000400031.pdf: 565254 bytes, checksum: 6a551606b22e52b2b05cee9d660a176a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:48:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452011000400031.pdf: 565254 bytes, checksum: 6a551606b22e52b2b05cee9d660a176a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:59:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452011000400031.pdf: 565254 bytes, checksum: 6a551606b22e52b2b05cee9d660a176a (MD5) S0100-29452011000400031.pdf.txt: 25342 bytes, checksum: 7e6d50dbe5309bb91cf1f95133c70390 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:17:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452011000400031.pdf: 565254 bytes, checksum: 6a551606b22e52b2b05cee9d660a176a (MD5) S0100-29452011000400031.pdf.txt: 25342 bytes, checksum: 7e6d50dbe5309bb91cf1f95133c70390 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:17:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452011000400031.pdf: 565254 bytes, checksum: 6a551606b22e52b2b05cee9d660a176a (MD5) S0100-29452011000400031.pdf.txt: 25342 bytes, checksum: 7e6d50dbe5309bb91cf1f95133c70390 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de carambola do mundo, entretanto há poucas informações científicas, especialmente estudos de nutrição mineral com mudas dessa frutífera. Objetivando contribuir com o conhecimento desse importante aspecto, desenvolveu-se estudo que permitisse avaliar o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes em mudas de caramboleiras, cultivadas em solução nutritiva. O experimento foi realizado em parcelas subdivididas, sendo utilizadas como parcela as duas cultivares de caramboleira ('B-10' e 'Golden Star') e, como subparcelas, as cinco épocas de coleta de plantas, realizadas aos 208; 233; 258; 283 e 308 dias após o transplantio para a solução nutritiva. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. As mudas foram cultivadas em vasos (8L) com solução nutritiva (pH=5,5 ± 0,5), com aeração. O experimento iniciou-se em 24-08-2005. Nos diferentes órgãos das mudas (folhas, caule e raízes), avaliaram-se o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes, e os índices nutricionais. Não houve diferenças no crescimento e, em geral, no acúmulo da massa da matéria seca entre as duas cultivares. Houve acúmulo linear da massa da matéria seca das mudas de caramboleira com o tempo de cultivo, sendo maior nas folhas > caule > raízes. O período de maior acúmulo da massa de matéria seca e da taxa de crescimento relativo na planta inteira esteve compreendido entre 208 - 233 e 233 - 258 dias após o transplantio para a 'B-10' e a 'Golden Star', respectivamente. Brazil is one of the greatest producer of star fruit in the world, however, there are few scientific information, especially studies of mineral nutrition with seedlings of this fruitful. In order to contribute with the knowledge of this important aspect, it was developed a study that allowed evaluating the growth and the accumulation of nutrients in seedlings of star fruits trees, cultivated in nutritional solution. The experiment was realize in split plot, with two cultivars ('B-10' and 'Golden Star') and as subplots, five collecting periods of plants, realized in 208, 233, 258, 283 and 308 days after the transplantation to nutritional solution, with 3 repetitions. The seedlings had been cultivated in pots (8L) with nutritional solution (pH=5.5 ± 0.5), with aeration. The experiment started on 08-24-2005. In the different parts of the seedlings (leaves, stem and roots), it was evaluated the growth and the accumulation of nutrients and nutritional ratios. It did not have differences in the growth and, in general, in the accumulation of the dry matter between the two cultivars. There was linear accumulation of the dry matter of the seedlings of star fruit trees with the cultivation period, it was bigger in leaves > stem > roots. The period of greater accumulation of dry matter and the tax of relative growth in the entire plant was between 208 - 233 and 233 - 258 days after the transplantation for 'B-10' and 'Golden Star' respectively. Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Unesp FCAV Deptº. de Solos e Adubos USP FZEA Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Caprinos e Ovinos Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Unesp FCAV Deptº. de Solos e Adubos

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:54:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0006-87052011000300022.pdf: 402173 bytes, checksum: 05ca33338760be6ba05a637f7ed5d8c5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:54:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0006-87052011000300022.pdf: 402173 bytes, checksum: 05ca33338760be6ba05a637f7ed5d8c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:46:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0006-87052011000300022.pdf: 402173 bytes, checksum: 05ca33338760be6ba05a637f7ed5d8c5 (MD5) S0006-87052011000300022.pdf.txt: 30023 bytes, checksum: b3619a51e6716360aa480a4c2b083e71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:12:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0006-87052011000300022.pdf: 402173 bytes, checksum: 05ca33338760be6ba05a637f7ed5d8c5 (MD5) S0006-87052011000300022.pdf.txt: 30023 bytes, checksum: b3619a51e6716360aa480a4c2b083e71 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:12:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0006-87052011000300022.pdf: 402173 bytes, checksum: 05ca33338760be6ba05a637f7ed5d8c5 (MD5) S0006-87052011000300022.pdf.txt: 30023 bytes, checksum: b3619a51e6716360aa480a4c2b083e71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Para a realização de uma análise confiável, a etapa mais sensível e que merece extremo cuidado é a amostragem do tecido vegetal e do solo. A amostra mais adequada é aquela que representa o melhor possível a área de estudo, exigindo um mínimo de plantas amostradas para atender a esse objetivo e com o menor número possível de amostras simples coletadas. Assim, o presente trabalho procurou dimensionar o número de plantas a serem amostradas para a diagnose do estado nutricional, bem como o número de amostras simples necessárias para formar a amostra composta, para fins de avaliação da fertilidade do solo cultivado com caramboleiras. O estudo foi realizado em um pomar comercial de caramboleiras, no município de Vista Alegre do Alto (SP), empregando-se amostragem aleatória, coletando-se a sexta folha a partir do ápice do ramo da caramboleira, na altura mediana da frutífera, no florescimento da cultura, em 40 plantas. Foram coletadas, também, 30 amostras simples de solo, em zigue-zague, nas linhas da cultura, com o auxílio de um trado tipo holandês, nas camadas de 0 a 0,2 m e 0,2 a 0,4 m. Considerando-se aceitável um erro amostral de 10%, 21 plantas de carambola seriam suficientes para as determinações químicas foliares de macronutrientes. Já para os micronutrientes, seriam necessárias, no mínimo, 52 plantas amostradas. O aumento do número de amostras simples reduziu o erro porcentual na estimativa da média desejada, permitindo a recomendação de 14 e 17 amostras simples nas camadas de 0 a 0,2 m e 0,2 a 0,4 m (erro = 20%), respectivamente. For a reliable nutritional analysis, the most sensitive stage is the plant and soil samplings. The most proper sampling is the one that best represents the area under study, requiring a minimum of sampled plants and the least possible number of simple samples collected. This work aimed to assess the number of plants to be sampled for the diagnosis of nutritional status, as well as the number of simple samples for making up of the compost sample for evaluating the soil fertility in starfruit orchard. This study was performed in a commercial starfruit orchard, in Vista Alegre do Alto, State of São Paulo. Random sampling was taken, collecting the sixth leaf from the apex of the branch of 40 starfruit trees, at the medium canopy height during blooming season. In the same way, 30 simple soil samples were collected, in a zigzag pattern following the planting lines, using a Dutch-type auger, at depths of 0 to 0.2 m and 0.2 to 0.4 m. Assuming a sample error of 10%, 21 starfruit trees would be sufficient for determining the chemical leaf macronutrients. For micronutrients, a minimum of 52 sampled plants would be necessary. Increasing the number of soil samples resulted in reduced percentage of error within the desired average estimate, thus allowing for a recommendation of 14 to 17 simple samples at depths of 0 to 0.2 m and 0.2 to 0.4 m (error = 20%), respectively. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho

In systems of high production the micronutrients, especially the zinc is important for the culture of the rice. The present work objectified to evaluate the residual effect in ways of application of Zn on the nutrition and the initial growth of rice plants. The experiment was in a completely randomized design, with four treatments, having had zinc applied by foliar, incorporated in the ground and the seeds and the witness (without zinc), in four repetitions. To the 42 after the emergency, evaluated the text of Zn in the ground and the plant and the initial growth of the rice plants. The application of Zn saw ground incorporated provided residual effect in the text of the micronutrient in the soil. The application of Zn saw foliar promoted greater absorption of the nutrient for the rice plants. The ways of application of Zn saw seed, foliar and ground had been similar in promoting the increment in the production of dry matter of rice plants.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:46:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-06832007000600024.pdf: 112198 bytes, checksum: 8606964bde1cfa443ebafee47e6f94b5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:46:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-06832007000600024.pdf: 112198 bytes, checksum: 8606964bde1cfa443ebafee47e6f94b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:59:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-06832007000600024.pdf: 112198 bytes, checksum: 8606964bde1cfa443ebafee47e6f94b5 (MD5) S0100-06832007000600024.pdf.txt: 46625 bytes, checksum: ffde9f42ec7977ab883fbee1c7a49ca9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:17:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-06832007000600024.pdf: 112198 bytes, checksum: 8606964bde1cfa443ebafee47e6f94b5 (MD5) S0100-06832007000600024.pdf.txt: 46625 bytes, checksum: ffde9f42ec7977ab883fbee1c7a49ca9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:17:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-06832007000600024.pdf: 112198 bytes, checksum: 8606964bde1cfa443ebafee47e6f94b5 (MD5) S0100-06832007000600024.pdf.txt: 46625 bytes, checksum: ffde9f42ec7977ab883fbee1c7a49ca9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-01 A acidez do solo é um dos mais importantes fatores que limitam a produção em regiões tropicais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da calagem na fertilidade do solo e na nutrição e produtividade da goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.). O experimento foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro, São Paulo, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (V = 26 % na camada de 0-20 cm), no período de agosto/1999 a julho/2006. As doses de calcário empregadas foram: 0; 1,85; 3,71; 5,56 e 7,41 t ha-1. Durante 78 meses após aplicação do corretivo foram realizadas análises químicas de solo. Foi feita avaliação do estado nutricional e da produtividade durante cinco safras agrícolas. A calagem promoveu alteração nos atributos químicos do solo ligados à acidez, elevando o pH, Ca, Mg, soma de bases (SB) e saturação por bases (V) e diminuindo H + Al, até 60 cm. Os teores foliares de Ca e Mg aumentaram com as doses de calcário. As maiores produções acumuladas de frutos estiveram associadas a um valor de V de 50 % na linha e 65 % na entrelinha das goiabeiras. Soil acidity is one of the most important constraints to agricultural production in the tropics. For this reason, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of soil liming on the performance of guava (Psidium guajava L.) trees. The experiment took place at the Citrus Experimental Station in Bebedouro, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The soil was a Typic Haplustox (V = 26 % in the 0 to 20 cm layer) between August 1999 and July 2006. The following doses of limestone were employed: 0, 1.85, 3.71, 5.56, and 7.41 t ha-1. During the 78 months after starting the experiment, soil chemical attributes were periodically examined. Over a period of five years, the guava tree leaves were analyzed for micro-and macronutrients and the fruit yield was determined. Liming improved the evaluated soil chemical attributes: pH, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), BS, V, and hydrogen and aluminum (H + Al) down to a depth of 60 cm of samples taken from both in and between tree rows. The Ca and Mg levels increased in the leaves also. The highest fruit yields were observed when soil base saturation reached 50 % in the rows and 65 % between rows. Universidade Estadual Paulista FCAV Departamento de Solos e Adubos Unesp Departamento de Solos e Adubos Unesp FCAV Universidade Estadual Paulista FCAV Departamento de Solos e Adubos Unesp Departamento de Solos e Adubos Unesp FCAV

The zinc application (Zn) in seeds affects the nutrition of seedlings. This study evaluates the effect of rates of Zn applied in maize seed cv. P30K75, on the accumulation of macronutrients and micronutrients in the initial growth phase. The experiment was set in a greenhouse, through a completely randomized design, testing five rates of Zn (0; 5; 10; 20 and 40 g.kg -1 of seeds) and two sources (zinc sulphate, 22% of Zn and zinc oxide, 50% of Zn), with three replications in Jaboticabal, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.. The use of Zn sulphate promoted higher accumulation of N, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe and Mn in the shoots and of N, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu and Fe in the roots, but lowered the accumulation of B and Fe in the roots. The use of Zn oxide promoted higher accumulation of B, Cu, Fe and Mn in the shoots and of K, Mg, S and Cu in the roots but lowered the accumulation of N, Ca, B, Fe and Mn in the roots.

The potential use of the foliar chemical analysis as method of evaluation of the nutritional status will depend on the criterion of adequate leaf sampling. Thus, it this paper to evaluates the influence of the types of leaves and the times of samplings on the nutrient foliar contents of the sugar cane, during two cycles, submitted to nitrogen application. A field experiment was set, in the experimental Farm Santa Terezinha Jaboticabal, SP, in ratton of sugar cane (SP 79-1011), cultivated in a distrofic Red Latossol, with the following rates of nitrogen (treatments): zero; 50; 100; 150 and 200 kg of N ha- 1 . The treatments had been applied after the cut of the sugar caneplant on june/2005. It was evaluated during the two first cuts of the ratton sugar cane, the nutritional status, in leaves +1 and +3, 4 and 9 months after the cut, and the production of stalks. The alterations in the chemical composition in leaves +1 and +3 of the sugar cane, occurred independently of the employed rates of nitrogen. The sampling of folha+3, collected four months after the cut plants, showed revealed adequate for foliar diagnosis in the culture of the sugar cane crop.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:23:54Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:40:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84858706850.pdf: 286565 bytes, checksum: 5295e74aa194b55d9d8b57119570943c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:23:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-01 The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of omission of macronutrients in the growth and the nutritional state of elephant-grass plants (Pennisetum purpureum Shum cv. Mott). The experiment was developed in the FCAV/UNESP, in Jaboticabal-SP,Brazil, using nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with seven treatments (the complete solution proposed by Hoagland & Amon (1950) and the individual omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, in these solution), in three repetitions. Pre-germinated plants were placed in pot (5 dm3), containing the nutrient solution, which was aerated constantly during the experimental period and the respective treatments, with three replications each. Weekly, the height of the plants, the leaf number, apex diameter and number of tillers were evaluated as well as plant nutritional state. The omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S limited the production of dry weight of shoot the elephant grass, compared to the full treatment. The deficiency of a macronutrient, in addition to promoting reduction of its content in the shoot, resulted in reducing the accumulation of most macronutrients, with resultant morphological changes, translated as characteristic symptoms of deficiency. Departamento de Solos e Adubos Faculdade de Ciências Agrárlas e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesqulta Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Solos e Adubos Faculdade de Ciências Agrárlas e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesqulta Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho