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By utilizing biomass gasification, the energy content of the biomass can be utilized to produce gas to be used for cogeneration of heat and power as well as other energy carriers such as fuels for vehicles. The concept is suitable for application to existing CHP plants as well as for utilizing spent liqour in small scale pulp and paper mills. The introduction would enable flexible energy utilization, use of problematic fuels as well as protects the environment by e.g. avoiding the release of toxic substances. In this paper, the possibilities to develop this concept is discussed. In this paper we compare different gasification processes with respect to what gas quality we get, and how the gasification can be modelled using different modelling approaches, and how these can be combined. Results from simulations are compared to experimental results from pilot plant operations in different scales and with different processes like CFB and BFB Technologies, athmospheric and pressurized, and using steam, air and oxygen as oxidizing media., cited By 0. QC 20181003

Modern society is profoundly dependent on fossil feed stocks to produce multiple products, such as transportation fuels, fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, detergents, synthetic fibers, plastics, fertilizers, lubricants, solvents, waxes, etc., as well as heat and power (Demirbas, 2006). The fossil resources are not endless. Their price is increasing continuously due to increasing scarcity, and not regarded as sustainable from an environmental point of view (Kamm, 2006). A versatile resource, especially in terms of producing carbon-based products, to replace fossil feedstocks is biomass (Vlachos, 2010) or other sources originating form biomass, such as black liquor (BL). Conversion of biomass to other products can be performed either by biochemical or thermochemical processes. In the case of large-scale production of, for example, carbon-based products, thermo-chemical conversion is considered more efficient compared to biochemical processes (Zhang, 2010). Techniques for thermo-chemical conversion can be divided into pyrolysis, gasification, combustion and liquefaction. Among these techniques, gasification is a versatile platform for production of multiple products, as illustrated in Figure 6.1., QC 20220125

The fluidized bed gasification of untreated and pre-treated olive residue and pre-treated olive residue mixed with reed, pine pellets and Douglas fir wood chips is studied. Leaching is used as a pre-treatment process targeted on the elimination of alkali metals such as K and Na as well as chlorine to reduce/eliminate the ash-related problems during gasification. The leaching pre-treatment process could affect the producer gas composition toward the lower or higher yield of CO and H-2 of the producer gas depending on the moisture content of parent fuels. The lower total tar yield of the producer gas in the case of leached olive residue was observed compared to untreated olive residue. At the same time, there are present wider varieties of different tar components in the producer gas of the leached olive residue compared to the untreated one. The distinctions in tar composition and content between the leached and untreated olive residue are attributed to the alkali and alkali earth metal and chorine chemistry affected by leaching pre-treatment. The addition of woody fuels and reed at elevated proportions resulted in the lower LHV value compared to the leached olive residue. The tar content of the producer gas is seen to increase adding reed and woody fuels to the leached olive residue, i.e. the producer gas contained additional variety of tar components whereas phenol becomes one of the key components determining the total tar content, apart from benzene, toluene and naphthalene. This is seen to be due to the higher cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin as well as higher chlorine content of the reed and woody fuels compared to the leached olive residue. The olive residue is seen to be better fuel for gasification compared with woody fuels and reed. Even more, we believe that the leached olive residue is better compared to all other tested fuel/mixtures in this study. It is seen that the proportions of different fuels in the mixture play role in the composition of the prod, QC 20120522

QC 20111128

QC 20111128

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QC 20111128

Experimental results from birchwood and pinewood pyrolysis in a new single particle reactor are presented. Apparent lunetic parameters for the mass-loss of wood particles (5-800 mg) at temperatures from 300 to 860°C are determined. Kinetic parameters for the evolution of CO, CO2, H2O, H2 and CH4, are also established. The drylng process was examined and it was found that drying and pyrolysis increasingly overlap in time as temperature rises and that the overlap is substantial above 450 °C., QC 20160205

Metallic iron as a catalyst for tar cracking in biomass gasification has been investigated. Based on previous studies showing that iron must be in its elemental form to catalyze the tar breakdown reactions, thermodynamic calculations suggest the existence of an operating window where iron is neither oxidized nor contaminated by carbon deposits. A straightforward biomass gasification model has been derived and used in conjunction with thermodynamics for making plots that illustrate the mentioned operating window, which is achievable under real conditions. Experiments made under these specific calculated conditions confirm that elemental iron effectively acts as a tar breakdown catalyst, resulting in an improved gas yield and a decrease in tar concentration. The desired operating window is governed mainly by adjusting the oxygen input (i.e., the equivalence ratio) and the temperature., QC 20100525

QC 20100624

Shrinkage models have been developed and included in a model for the pyrolysis of large wood particles. Shrinkage is modelled in three different ways: uniform shrinkage, shrinking shell and shrinking cylinders. These models and a reference model without shrinkage are compared with experimental data for mass loss versus time during pyrolysis of birch cylinders at different temperatures. In the experiments a wood particle was introduced into a pyrolysis furnace held at constant temperature. The particle mass and volume were recorded using a balance and a video camera. Uniform shrinkage slows down the pyrolysis whereas shrinking shell and cylinder models enhance the pyrolysis rate. The effect was sufficiently small to be neglected given the uncertainty about some wood physical properties., QC 20100624

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QC 20100624