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Tandang, Danilo N., Docot, Rudolph Valentino A., Galindon, John Michael, Jr, Tomas Reyes, Tadiosa, Edwin R., Tandang, Sue Dixie A., Moran, Cecilia B., Bustamante, Rene Alfred Anton (2023): Corybas hamiguitanensis (Orchidaceae), a new species from a UNESCO world heritage site in the Philippines. Phytotaxa 598 (1): 80-88, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.598.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.598.1.6

The results of phylogenetic analysis, based on the whole chloroplast genome and morphological study support the transfer of a long ignored bamboo species, Sasa gracilis, to the recently established genus, Sinosasa, in this study. Morphologically, this species differs from all the other known Sinosasa species by having very short (2–3 mm) foliage leaf inner ligules, which is unusual in this genus. A revised description of its morphology and colour photos are also provided.

We propose the re-establishment of Dyckia tomentosa, after rediscovering its populations, the synonymization of Dyckia polyclada, and Dyckia magnifica as a new species from southern Brazil that is morphologically related to D. tomentosa. Descriptions of external morphology, leaf anatomy and pollen morphology, and comments on species distributions and habitats are provided. The informal species complex in which D. magnifica and D. tomentosa are placed is morphologically re-circumscribed and proposed here as the “Dyckia selloa complex”.

Carex sect. Mitratae s.l. was established by Kükenthal in 1909 and can be distinguished from the closely related sections in having nutlets frequently discoid-annulate at the apex and a persistent style base. Based on field surveys and specimen examination, three new species of sect. Mitratae are described and illustrated here. Carex fatsuaniana was collected from Yunnan and differs from C. truncatigluma in having the utricles nearly glabrous, the nutlets with a ca. 0.5 mm long beak at the apex, the staminate spikes cylindrical, 5–7.5 cm long, 4–5 mm wide, and the pistillate glumes acuminate at the apex. Carex damingshanica was collected from Guangxi and differs from C. breviscapa and C. rhynchachaenium in having 3 or 4 spikes, the lateral spikes cylindrical, the pistillate glumes, utricles and nutlets all shorter than in the other two species. Carex radicalispicula was collected from Sichuan and differs from C. truncatirostris in having the staminate spikes clavate, 1.5–2 mm wide, the pistillate glumes pale yellow-white, 3–3.2 mm long, acuminate or short-awned at the apex, and the nutlets with 3 angles shallowly constricted at the middle.

Examination of living populations and herbarium specimens (including type material) of Rohdea yunnanensis and R. fargesii has revealed that the two species are morphologically very distinct from each other. We therefore reinstate the independent specific status of R. yunnanensis which has been placed in synonymy with R. fargesii var. fargesii. In former species, the blade margin denticulate; bract base branched or erose; perianth lobe also erose and denticulate; fruit conical and seed reniform, hilum oblique.

Hybridization is a process that can occur randomly in nature between different genetically compatible species, as is observed within the genus Catasetum. Thus, this work proposes the description of a new nothospecies found in the lake of Castanho located in the municipality of Careiro Castanho. It is described, illustrated and compared with its parental species: C. gnomus and C. saccatum. In addition, information regarding the distribution, habitat and phenology as well as a key to the natural hybrids occurring in the Brazilian state of Amazonas are presented. Taxonomic notes are presented for five taxa of the genus currently treated as species that, after performing controlled pollination and germination in vitro, have proven to be in reality natural hybrids. Finally, we propose to place C. sanguineum into the synonymy of C. naso.

Orchis patens has previously been considered to consist of three widely disjunct populations in northern Italy, Algeria/Tunisia and the Canary Islands. The last is already commonly treated as O. canariensis, but because the type of O. patens is from the Algerian populations, the name of the Italian taxon has been in doubt. We here review the taxonomic literature and provide a key to the species of O. section Robustocalcare supported by molecular data recently published for these three taxa. We conclude that Orchis patens subsp. brevicornis is the correct name for the Italian taxon.

Rohdea rotiformis is described and illustrated as a new species from Sichuan province of China. The new species possesses a cushionlike, ringed, fleshy appendage above the stamens in perianth throat. In these features, the new species is morphologically similar to R. urotepala but differs in its ringed appendage surface smooth without verruculose.

Background and aims – This study is part of ongoing research on the Arecaceae Flora of the Serra do Cabral, an isolated massif in the southwest of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais State. Because of the isolation of the massif, the area has a rich biodiversity and a high level of endemism. While searching for populations of the rare and critically endangered Syagrus cabraliensis, a new bluish-leaved palm species was discovered and it is described here. Material and methods – The new species’ morphology is described based on field collections. The pinnae were analysed using SEM and LM cross- and longitudinal sections following default methodology. In addition, we compared the species to S. cabraliensis and provided ecological notes and a conservation status assessment. Key results – Syagrus carvalhoi resembles S. cabraliensis but they can easily be distinguished by morphoanatomical characters. Both species occur non-sympatrically in the Serra do Cabral, in contrasting microhabitats: S. carvalhoi in the southern quartzitic campos rupestres and S. cabraliensis in the northern ferruginous campos rupestres. A key to the known grass-like Syagrus species from the massif is provided. Based on the restricted area of occurrence and the anthropogenic threats, Syagrus carvalhoi is assessed as critically endangered. Conclusion – Syagrus carvalhoi is the second grass-like endemic Syagrus species from the Serra do Cabral and presents rare characters within the genus (grass-like aspect, colonial habit, flowers in tetrads, and the stem forking at or below the ground). This discovery corroborates that this isolated OCBIL is a home for endemic and rare palm species. The Serra do Cabral massif has proved a source of morphological and anatomical novelties in Arecaceae, affecting the taxonomy and understanding of the evolution and ecology of palms. Our results reinforce the notion that it is important to conserve this area with rich and rare biodiversity but under alarming and unprecedented threats.

During fieldwork conducted between 2020 and 2022 in the Sierra Madre of Chiapas, we discovered a previously undescribed species of Spathiphyllum. It is morphologically similar to S. matudae, but differs in having shorter petioles, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate blades, sometimes subovate, fewer pairs of primary veins per side, stipitate spadix and its pistils constricted between the ovary and the style. Here, we describe and illustrate S. frailescanense, a new species of Araceae from the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico.

A new species of Bulbophyllum sect. Epicrianthes, Bulbophyllum wiratnoi Saputra, Schuit., Mustaqim & J.Champ., is described based on specimens from Indonesian New Guinea. A detailed morphological description and diagnosis, information on distribution and ecology, a preliminary conservation assessment, and a discussion are provided. A key to species of Bulbophyllum sect. Epicrianthes in Indonesian New Guinea is also presented.

Henderson, Andrew, Fernández, Eladio, Montero, Oscar, Clase, Teodoro, Gratacos, Xavier, Bacon, Christine D. (2023): Five new species of Coccothrinax (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae) from Hispaniola. Phytotaxa 589 (2): 101-111, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN

Neottia milinensis (Orchidaceae), a new species from Milin, Xizang, China, is described and illustrated based on morphological characters and molecular data. The new species is similar to N. camtschatea and N. tenii, but differs from them by having pubescent stem, slender pedicel, lip 8 mm long without a pair of auricles at base, lobelets triangular and less than 1/3 of lip. Molecular phylogenetics indicated that N. milinensis is close to N. camtschatea.

Gopallawa, Bhathiya, Perera, Amila, Madola, Indrakheela, Yakandawala, Deepthi, Kumar, Pankaj, Jayawickrama, Harsha, Chase, Mark W. (2023): Gastrodia pushparaga (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Gastrodieae), a new species from Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 587 (2): 193-199, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.587.2.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.587.2.8