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We study the consequences of a working time reduction (WTR hereafter) in an exogenous growth model with unemployment (due to efficiency wage considerations) and a renewable natural resource. The resource is an essential input whose marginal productivity is bounded by physical laws. In the laissez-faire equilibrium, firms set headcount employment, working time and a wage level which affects workers’ effort. We show that if a WTR always decreases the total number of worked hours, its impact on the number of (un)employed crucially depends on the relative scarcity of the resource. If the ressource inflow is unlimited, the economy converges toward a balanced growth path and a WTR lowers the levels of output, employment and wages along this path, without affecting their growth rate. When the resource inflow is finite, the economy converges toward a stationary state. In this case, a WTR increases the stationary level of hourly wages and employment if the resource is scarce enough (which is for instance the case if the labour and capital saving technical progress is unbounded). Furthermore, the long-term elasticity of employment (resp., of the hourly wage) to the cut in hours is larger (resp., smaller) when the resource is scarcer. The transitory dynamics toward the stationary state is studied numerically. As far as the impact of a WTR on employment and wage are concerned, this analysis confirms the results put forward for the stationary state

International audience; This study assesses the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on economic growth and domestic investment in a panel of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries during the period of 1990–2017 by utilizing the method of fixed-effects and system generalized method of moments (GMM). The findings show that FDI inflows are positively and significantly associated with the economic growth of the host economy. When considering the origin of FDI, we find that FDI from developed countries contributes to the growth rate in the receiving economy, while FDI from developing countries shows no significant effect. Importantly, FDI does not appear to crowd in or out domestic investment. Only FDI from developed countries is associated with crowding in of domestic investment.

International audience; This paper studies how transit lines should be developed in polycentric cities. In several growing metropolitan areas, local authorities have to decide whether to rely on existing radial lines connecting suburban areas to the city-center, or to develop new circular lines directly connecting suburban areas. An efficient transit system aims at reducing external costs of transport (congestion and pollution) by attracting private car users. We study the effect of two types of policies on the modal split. First, we compare the effect of three administration regimes (public, semi-public and private) on the external costs of transport. Second, we consider the opening of a new transit line directly linking the suburbs. We find that it reduces aggregate user cost but is not Pareto-improving unless crowding is high on existing transit lines. Our analysis is complemented by a numerical illustration based on an open source Fortran program. This tool needs a relatively small set of data and can be used by policy makers wishing to investigate the pricing reforms or the possibility of opening a new transit line for a specific case study.

Biopower, electricity generated from biomass, is a major source of renewable energy in the US. About ten percent of US non-hydro renewable electricity in 2020 was generated from biomass. Despite significant growth in woody biomass use for electricity in recent decades, a systematic assessment of associated impacts on forest resources is lacking. This study assessed associations between biopower generation, and selected timberland structure indicators and carbon stocks across 438 areas surrounding wood-using and coal-burning power plants in the Eastern US from 2005 to 2017. Timberland areas around plants generating biopower were associated with more live and standing-dead trees, and carbon in their respective stocks, than comparable areas of neighboring plants only burning coal. We also detected an inverse association between the number of biopower plants and number of live and dead trees, and respective carbon stocks. We discerned an upward temporal trajectory in carbon stocks within live trees with continued biopower generation. We found no significant differences related to the amount of MWh biopower generation within the analysis areas. Net impacts of biopower descriptors on timberland attributes point to a positive trend in selected ecological conditions and carbon balances. The upward temporal trend in carbon stocks with longer generation of wood-based biopower may point to a plausibly sustainable contribution to the decarbonization of the US electricity sector.

International audience; Business failure prediction (BFP) is an important instrument in assessing the risk of corporate failure. While a large body of research has focused on BFP, recent research in operations research and analytics acknowledges the beneficial effect of incorporating textual data for predictive modelling. However, extant BFP research that incorporates textual company information is very scarce. Based on a dataset containing 13,571 European companies provided by the largest European data aggregator, this study investigates the added value of extending traditional BFP models with textual website content. We further benchmark various feature extraction techniques in natural language processing (i.e. the vector-space approach, neural networks-based approaches and transformers) and assess the best way of representing and integrating textual website features for BFP modelling. The results confirm that including textual website data improves BFP predictive performance, and that textual features extracted by transformers add the most value to the BFP models in this benchmark setting.

Energy poverty is a new growing dimension of inequality in both developed and developing economies. Here, we develop an empirical model to examine the linkage between fuel poverty, income, and high housing costs in developing countries. Our analysis focuses on Egypt, a country that has undergone rapid development and significant energy reforms in recent years. Employing a probit and ordered multinomial framework to data from the Egyptian HIECS Survey, a nationally representative sample of both households and dwellings, we estimate the fuel, income, and housing cost-induced poverty extent and their key determinants. Our results show that households with low income, high energy, and high housing expenses represent approximately 16.4% of the total population, and 7.44% have low income, high energy, and low housing expenses. Our findings on critical factors driving LIHC poverty types (e.g., house type and family size) have some important policy implications for understanding the fuel poverty phenomenon and inequality reduction in Egypt, not only for the LIHC definition but also for any indicator of (fuel) poverty involving the posthousing (energy cost) concept. 175

Environmental concerns and a shortage of truck drivers motivate a paradigm shift in truck-dominated supply chains. To alleviate the pressure on truck transport, one can consolidate freight with other companies. Freight consolidation can be facilitated by third-party logistics service providers, who combine shipments that require delivery to the same destination on the same day. More gains can be realized through “proactive freight consolidation”, by proactively synchronizing the timing of shipments prior to placing orders. This is facilitated by a joint replenishment policy. The truck intensity of supply chains can be further reduced by shifting freight from road towards alternative transport modes, such as train. Modal split transport combines two complementary transport modes by using both modes in parallel. We analyze how proactive freight consolidation can be combined with modal split transport. We propose a heuristic that combines a can-order joint replenishment policy to consolidate freight orders proactively via truck, with a tailored base-surge policy to coordinate shipments via train. We develop a lower bound on the optimal cost to validate our heuristic. By comparing the truck usage and cost performance of our policy against alternative replenishment strategies, we show how the combination of proactive freight consolidation and modal split transport can shift freight towards alternative transport modes, without negatively impacting costs or service. 257

This study explores how gay male employees represent themselves on social media. Research shows that online self-representations vary according to imagined audiences and platforms’ affordances, but little is known about the possible roles of work in this process. In a qualitative study based on interviews and observations in the Brazilian subsidiary of a multinational automaker, I show how employees’ assessment of compatibility between professionalism and homosexuality leads them to adopt different strategies on Facebook and Instagram, platforms where work and other spheres of their lives overlap. These behaviors are dynamic, occurring in a process I label “testing the waters”: The gay men observe visible audiences’ reactions and change their online self-representations in response to these reactions. This study shows how worried, conscious, and strategic LGBTQIA+ employees are about their use of social media, in new spaces that reproduce old workplace pressures.

International audience; We use an activity-based transport model to simulate the progression of a virus at the regional scale. We analyse several scenarios corresponding to distinct situations and describing how small initial clusters of infected agents expand and reach a pandemic level. We evaluate the effectiveness of some public restrictions and compare the number of infections with respect to the base-case scenario, where no restrictions are in place. We consider the wearing of masks in public transport and/or in some activities (work, leisure and shopping) and the implementation of a lockdown. Our analysis shows that education, including the primary level, is one of the major activities where infections occur. We find that the wearing of masks in transportation only does not yield important impacts. The lockdown is efficient in containing the spread of the virus but, at the same time, significantly increases the length of the wave (factor of two). This is because the number of agents who are susceptible to be infected remains high. Our analysis uses the murdasp tool specifically designed to process the output of transport models and performs the simulation of the pandemic.

International audience; This paper fills an important gap related to employee perceptions of teleworking during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on the work/family border and task-technology fit theories, we propose and empirically test a new model using data collected from 483 employees. Our findings suggest that social well-being, work-family balance and task-technology fit during the pandemic are positively related to teleworking performance. In addition, teleworking performance during the pandemic affects employees’ intention to continue to telework and career engagement after the pandemic. Also, we offer evidence of the impact of the moderating effect of factors contributing to the digital divide in this context. Our findings contribute to the teleworking literature, by proposing a model which provides insights into employees’ perceptions of teleworking during the pandemic and how this affects their intention to telework and career engagement after the pandemic. Our research has multiple implications for employers, policy makers and technology developers.

International audience; This paper explores the relation between campaign spending and votes, in France, relying on political financing reforms as a quasi-natural experiment to assess if and how spending affects votes, for both incumbent and challenger candidates in multiparty legislative elections. The French reforms were adopted in the mid-1990s, modifying the fundraising rules in three important ways: (i) spending limits were reduced, (ii) legal entities no longer were allowed to fund candidates, and (iii) the maximal amount of candidates' personal campaign spending reimbursed by the State was raised. We study observations on two consecutive legislative elections, one before and one after the reforms. The difference in campaign expenses across elections turns out to be affected strongly by the reforms: candidates from the extreme parties (far-left and far-right) increased their expenditures substantially, while the candidates fielded by moderate parties reduced them considerably. Focusing on politicians running in both elections, we estimate the impact of spending using first-difference panel data methods and TSLS. Our instrumental variables for the difference in spending are constructed from the regulatory reforms. We find that spending by incumbents did not have statistically significant effects on their vote shares. Spending by challengers is statistically significant but the impact nevertheless is economically small.

Les indicateurs bibliométriques internes à la revue Développement durable & territoires indiquent une variation conjointe des items « innovation » et « conservation ». La tendance est celle d’une croissance simultanée de ces deux items. Une gouvernance durable se propose de concilier conservation et innovation. La transition écologique affecte tous les secteurs, énergie, agriculture, transports, habitat, aménagement du territoire, industries, tourisme, finance. La situation générale des artic...

La catastrophe est un deuil collectif consécutif à un évènement extrême, naturel ou technologique. L’objectivation des phénomènes naturels de grande ampleur a été tardive. La disparition soudaine et totale de deux agglomérations en Martinique en 1902 a conduit à la création du premier poste d’observation en continu d’un volcan. Puis, la génération d’Haroun Tazieff a mis en place une interdisciplinarité internationale entre sciences de la nature (dites « dures »). Un récent bilan interne de l’...

International audience; As the Fourth Industrial Revolution gains momentum and involves a plethora of disruptive technology concepts, such as blockchain, they have infiltrated economies that have only experienced a small portion of their scope, consequences, and applications in their different branches. This research aims to examine the potential uses of blockchain technology within the framework of smart contracts in the insurance sector, notably in the event of a pandemic that results in business interruption. Businesses hardly ever take business interruption insurance into account, particularly in a country similar to Lebanon, where natural disasters and pandemics are scarce. Due to the complexity of the task and the numerous requirements for trust in terms of risk consistency, traditional insurance companies are not interested in offering these kinds of insurance contracts. In this current study, a quantitative study was conducted over 213 businesses in various fields and revealed acceptance and socio-demographic differences in the activity sectors of this potentially ground-breaking solution for a developing country that is undergoing a sanitary and economic crisis. As a result, smart contracts and decentralized finance (DeFi) were proposed in the current research as potential solutions to overcome the Lebanese currency devaluation and high insurance costs.

International audience; This contribution investigates the effects of horizontal mergers and acquisitions on the plant capacity utilisation of the Swedish district courts over the periods 2000-2017. More specifically, we empirically demonstrate the decomposition of input-oriented and output-oriented technical efficiency by incorporating several concepts of plant capacity utilisation. Moreover, we also explore the impact of convexity on input-oriented and output-oriented measures of plant capacity in the short-run scenario in an attempt to discover the potential rationale behind the merger wave. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to assess horizontal mergers by employing plant capacity utilisation concepts. The results indicate that the horizontal mergers improve capacity utilisation. Furthermore, the nonconvex frontier method provides a more conservative estimate of plant capacity changes of this merger wave.

International audience; Dorénavant incontournable dans le management de nos organisations, le bien-être au travail fait l’objet depuis quelques décennies de nombreuses études ralliant diverses disciplines de recherches telles que la psychologie, la philosophie ou la sociologie. Elles mettent en avant tantdes dimensions collectives, ou liés à l’environnement de travail, que des dimensions individuelles (Bernard,2019). L’objet de cette communication est d’étayer la dimension individuelle par la compréhension du phénomène de vagabondage de l’esprit, ou « mindwandering » et de ses conséquences sur les comportements humains et notamment de ses conséquences potentielles sur le bien-être des individus en entreprise. Un modèle expérimental veillant à asseoir l’hypothèse du lien entre mind-wandering et bien-être au travail sera également proposé. Pour finir, un des objectifs majeurs de cette communication reste bien entendu de soumettre à la critique par la communauté scientifique un protocole expérimental particulièrement rigoureux permettant de tester notre hypothèse. En effet, le coût expérimental étant particulièrement important, la validation du protocole par les pairs semble indispensable.

International audience

How can two countries’ trade policies be related to each other? A first possibility is that they are not related at all and that each country’s tariffs are defined under national considerations (the “rock” hypothesis). A second is that each country adapts its tariffs in reaction to what the other does (the “tango” hypothesis). A third is that both countries react to events happening in the rest of the world (the “roll” possibility). This paper examines the determinants of Australia’s and the US’ average tariff levels. Relying on historical data that cover a century (1904 to 2005), the three hypotheses are examined. The results indicate a strong long-run relation between the US and the Australian tariffs. Interrelations are also exhibited, with the US decisions influencing more strongly the Australian tariffs than the opposite. The results are important to assess the sustainability and stability of the regional trade agreements in the Pacific area.

International audience

We document substantial variation in the effects of a highly-effective literacy program in northern Uganda. The program increases test scores by 1.4 SDs on average, but standard statistical bounds show that the impact standard deviation exceeds 1.0 SD. This implies that the variation in effects across our students is wider than the spread of mean effects across all randomized evaluations of developing country education interventions in the literature. This very effective program does indeed leave some students behind. At the same time, we do not learn much from our analyses that attempt to determine which students benefit more or less from the program. We reject rank preservation, and the weaker assumption of stochastic increasingness leaves wide bounds on quantile-specific average treatment effects. Neither conventional nor machine-learning approaches to estimating systematic heterogeneity capture more than a small fraction of the variation in impacts given our available candidate moderators.

International audience; Free mode choice, termed “synchromodality,” is an extension of intermodal service network design and is still in the early stages of modeling development. European countries have already started moving toward realizing this innovative transportation system. However, advancement in global transport with longer distances is rare and needs more infrastructural preparation and studies to clarify the steps for such a transition. In this paper, an advanced intermodal service network model (AI-SNM) is proposed to support the development of synchromodal transportation systems. This mixed-integer programming (MIP) model finds the optimal path between O/D pairs while considering horizontal integration of variant transport modes in a supply chain network along with resource constraints and time windows. It minimizes the total transportation cost, transshipment cost, and tardiness with a penalty for delays at intermodal terminals and overdue costs at the destination that accounts for the opening and closing times of the terminals. In order to solve the model for large problem instances, an efficient multiobjective genetic algorithm using a novel coding approach is developed. The algorithm is tested on two US-based case studies, showing the capability of the model to provide cost- and time-saving advantages in long-haul freight. The results of this study can be applied to long-distance global transportation with similar geography and scale.

International audience; Research and development (R&D) outsourcing offers some obvious productivity benefits (e.g., access to new technology, variabilised costs, risk sharing, etc.). However, recent work in economics points to a productivity headwind at the level of the innovation ecosystem. The market for technologies with economies of scope and knowledge spillovers (those with the biggest impact on industry economics and social welfare) has structural features that allow customers to capture a disproportionate share of economic value and transfer a disproportionate share of economic risk to technology providers, even though the providers aim to maximise profit. This reduces the incentives to invest in new ventures that specialise in the most promising early-stage projects. Therefore, near-term gains from R&D outsourcing can be offset by slower innovation in the long run.

This article uses a survey amongst students at European universities to explore whether Russia's invasion of Ukraine has affected attitudes towards European integration. Some respondents completed the survey just before Russia's assault on 24 February 2022, and some did so just afterwards, thus delivering a quasi-experimental design situation, which we exploit. Our results suggest that the ominous news about the Russian attack increased the participants' interest in EU politics, consolidated their attachment to the EU and made them more mindful and appreciative of the benefits of deeper European integration. In effect, the war so close to the EU Eastern border provoked a rally around the supranational EU flag, with convergence of public opinion towards shared European values.

Regional innovation systems (RISs) characterized periodical and is suitable for analyzing the Chinese economy which has entered the new normal. However, few scholars analyze and identify the stage of RISs from the perspective of life cycle. This paper divides the life cycle of RISs into four stages: initial stage, growth stage, maturity stage, and decline stage. Based on the analysis of the characteristics in every stage of the life cycle in the RISs, this paper constructs entropy weight disturbing attribute model to identify the stage of 31 provincial innovation systems in China. The research results show that all the RISs in maturity stage belong to the eastern developed regions, and innovation achievement capacity is significant. The RISs are widely distributed which are in the growth stage. The innovation efficiency capacity, innovation growth capacity and innovation network capacity of RISs which are in growth stage are in a high level. The provinces with the innovation system in the initial stage are mainly in the backward areas of the west, and the innovation growth capacity is better than other innovation capacities. Mastering the evolutionary stage of the RISs is helpful to promote the implementation of innovation-driven development strategies. 131

International audience; We study how parents transmit patience to their children with a focus on two theoretically important channels of socialization: parenting values and parental involvement. Using high-quality administrative and survey data, and a setting without reverse causality concerns, we document a substantial intergenerational transmission of patience. We show that parenting values represent a key channel of the transmission. Authoritative parents (high in control and warmth) do not transmit patience to their children, in contrast to authoritarian and permissive parents. Thus, the authoritative parenting style seems to counteract the transmission of impatience. While parental involvement does not appear to be a relevant channel at the aggregate level, we document important heterogeneity by parent gender.

International audience; Policymaking during a pandemic can be extremely challenging. As COVID-19 is a new disease and its global impacts are unprecedented, decisions are taken in a highly uncertain, complex, and rapidly changing environment. In such a context, in which human lives and the economy are at stake, we argue that using ideas and constructs from modern decision theory, even informally, will make policymaking a more responsible and transparent process.

International audience; This study aims to better understand the modern evolution of the workplace not only as a place to work but also increasingly as a place to live. Current research largely excludes the instrumental aspects of this blurring of personal and professional spheres at work, as manifested in an intentional dissolution of the boundaries between work and non-work activities. To understand the meaning and implications of these new workplaces, which rely on a central tension between care and control and tend to reinterpret paternalism as an organizing principle, this study develops a conceptual framework derived from Michel Foucault's concept of pastoral power. This framework helps make sense of a caring mode of power that marks modern organizations. The application of this framework-using a qualitative case study of a French company's home-like working environment-suggests a processual and constructivist conceptualization of these workplaces as a manifestation of pastoral power, embedded in a broader governmentality strategy. It emphasizes the material and discursive construction of the workplace as a place to live and highlights the emergence of neo-paternalism as a new form of care and control. This critical perspective informs discussion on the implications of this caring mode of control for workers, in a hopeful call to stay alert to modern capitalist intrigues.

International audience; Recent changes in the world of work have modified the conditions of the exercise of management in ways that challenge managers’ traditional authority and identity, both symbolically and physically. In this context, we analyse the “visibilizing process” of managers, through which they attempt to make themselves more visible, in ways that reaffirm their authority and restore their identity as managers. To that end, we develop a Foucauldian framework on power and visibility, which sheds light on the “political economy of visibility” of the manager. We apply this framework to a case study that encouraged a re-spatialization of remote work in coworking spaces. The findings show how the manager in our case study staged his own visibility, by enhancing managerial control, to manage his invisibility and shape his intertwined identities. Through the visibilizing process, the manager legitimated his role, materialized his function, and restored his authority.

International audience; Grandparenting duties can affect the well-being of the elderly both positively and negatively. This paper disentangles the interactions between grandparenting, quality of life, and life satisfaction in China. Using a panel dataset of 3205 respondents in three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2011, 2013, and 2015, we find that grandparents who look after grandchildren are less at risk of depression, receive more financial and in-kind transfers from their children, and report greater life satisfaction than grandparents who do not look after grandchildren. These benefits vary across gender and rural-urban status, however. The positive effect of grandparenting is driven mainly by the direct effect with negligible mediating effect attributable to better quality of life.

As many complex dynamical systems, financial markets exhibit sudden changes or tipping points that can turn into systemic risk. This paper aims at building and validating a new class of early warning signals of critical transitions. We base our analysis on information spreading patterns in dynamic temporal networks, where nodes are connected by short-term causality. Before a tipping point occurs, we observe flickering in information spreading, as measured by clustering coefficients. Nodes rapidly switch between "being in" and "being out" the information diffusion process. Concurrently, stock markets start to desynchronize. To capture these features, we build two early warning indicators based on the number of regime switches, and on the time between two switches. We divide our data into two sub-samples. Over the first one, using receiver operating curve, we show that we are able to detect a tipping point about one year before it occurs. For instance, our empirical model perfectly predicts the Global Financial Crisis. Over the second sub-sample, used as a robustness check, our two statistical metrics also capture, to a large extent, the 2016 financial turmoil. Our results suggest that our indicators have informational content about a future tipping point, and have therefore strong policy implications.

The aim of this paper is to identify the driving forces of cross-border investments emanating from Sovereign wealth funds and to test the existence of spatial competition among recipient countries. For this, we develop an original econometric framework that quantifies the role of spatial dependence in the location of investments, and that uses a modified version of the standard estimation procedure of spatial panel model, which accommodates the Inverse Hyperbolic Sine transformation of the dependent variable. This transformation copes with two critical features of net capital flows, namely an highly skewed distribution and the presence of zero and negative values. Using a large-scale database, we provide evidence of negative spatial dependence, investments in one country being on average at the expense of its neighbors.

The rise of wages in China would seem to indicate that the demographic dividend has reached its end. A more refined approach reveals, however, that the situation of Chinese workers has not really improved: even though real wages are rising, the share of wages in the nation’s wealth has not kept pace. The reason for this is China’s position within global value chains, where the employment relationship is not solely governed by the employer–employee power relationship, but by contractual relations established between ‘lead firms’ and subcontractors. This situation echoes labour institutional economist JR Commons’ concept of ‘competitive menace’ and analyses of the structural imbalance of power in the employer/employee relationship. We argue that despite the Chinese government’s desire for industrial upgrading and its intention to develop internal labour markets, Chinese labour institutions have shown significant resistance to change making it hard to envisage any shift towards a Fordist regime of capital accumulation based on a virtuous cycle of mass production and mass consumption. JEL codes: B52, J30

International audience; We demonstrate that even though during WWII the interest rate was close to zero supporting the financing of the military effort, dissent inside the FOMC occurred with a similar frequency to other policy episodes. Our analysis highlights that the debates which resulted in dissents turned around two broad issues: the size of the Fed’s balance sheet as well as the functioning of and communication with financial markets. Thus, we argue that the conventional view depicting the Fed as merely accommodating treasury needs should be revised. Our detailed investigation of dissents emphasises the modernity of the objections raised by Fed officials.

A generalized game is a situation in which interaction between agents occurs not only through their objective function but also through their strategy sets; the strategy set of each agent depends upon the decision of the other agents and is called the individual constraint. As opposed to generalized games with exogenous shared constraint literature pioneered by Rosen (1965), we take the individual constraints as the basic premises and derive the shared constraint generated from the individual ones, a set . For a profile of strategies to be a Nash equilibrium of the game with individual constraints, it must lie in . But if, given what the others do, each agent agrees to restrict her choice in , something that we call an endogenous shared constraint, this mutual restraint may generate new Nash equilibria. We show that the set of Nash equilibria in endogenous shared constraint contains the set of Nash equilibria in individual constraints. In particular, when there is no Nash equilibrium in individual constraints, there may still exist a Nash equilibrium in endogenous shared constraint. We also prove a few results for a specific class of generalized games that we call non-classical games. Finally, we give two economic applications of our results to collective action problems: carbon emission and public good problems.

International audience; This paper studies an interesting logistical problem related to maintaining a set of selected turbines in offshore wind farms. A service operation vessel (SOV), used to support maintenance activities, also carries a safe transfer boat (STB), which is used to transport technicians, parts, and equipment to the turbines. The maintenance activities are optimised over a planning horizon by simultaneously coordinating the SOV and the STB. A mixed-integer linear programming model is designed, where the objective function is to minimise the total maintenance cost. As the proposed mathematical model is hard to solve with a commercial solver, a decomposition approach is developed. A two-stage stochastic programming model is also designed to tackle uncertain conditions, including the duration of maintenance and the STB’s travel time. The performance of the solution method is evaluated using the Thanet Offshore Wind Farm, in the southeast of the UK. The results of our experiments show that joint use of an SOV and an STB can yield a lower total maintenance cost than only using an SOV or crew travel vessels (CTVs) that are currently the common practice in maintaining offshore turbines.

Predictive analytics is an increasingly popular tool for enhancing decision-making processes but is in many business settings based on rule-based models. These rule-based models reach their limits in complex settings. This study compares the performance of a rule-based system with a customised LSTM encoder-decoder deep learning model for predicting train delays. For this, we use a purposefully built real-world dataset on railway transportation, where trains’ interdependence over the network makes delay prediction more difficult. Results show that the deep learning model, which incorporates rich spatiotemporal interdependency information in real-time, outperforms the rule-based system by 18%, with the difference increasing to above 23% with higher complexity. The study also dissects the performance difference across different settings: dense versus rural areas, peak versus off-peak hours, low versus high delay, and before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The deep learning model is implemented as a proof of concept for decision support within Belgium’s railway infrastructure company Infrabel.

International audience; From a theoretical point of view, -returns to scale is a relevant alternative to traditional DEA models for estimating production technologies under global returns to scale assumptions such as strictly increasing or strictly decreasing returns to scale. However, from a methodological and empirical point of view, a remaining question is the estimation of . This contribution proposes an effective methodology to estimate an optimal value of based upon a goodness-of-fit strategy. A global method using a grid search is presented first. Second, for generalised FDH technologies, a minimum extrapolation principle is developed to estimate directly the optimal -returns from a linear program. An illustration on 63 US industries over the period 1987-2012 shows the relevancy of our approach.

Multiple selves is a conventional assumption in behavioural welfare economics for modelling intrapersonal well-being. Yet an important question is which self has normative authority over others. In this paper, we advance an argument for what we call the ‘ontological approach’ to personal identity in behavioural welfare economics. According to this approach, ethical questions – such as which preference should be granted normative authority over another – can be informed by the ontological criterion of personal persistence, which aims at determining what it takes for an individual to persist from one time to another.

Review of: Le Hellfest: Un pèlerinage pour metalheads (Hellfest: A Pilgrimage for Metalheads), Corentin Charbonnier (2017) Azay-sur-Cher: Corentin Charbonnier éditions, 208 pp., ISBN 978-2-95587-890-3, p/bk, €17

Purpose Upstream social marketers advocate implementing effective public policies to protect vulnerable populations from the impacts of advertising harmful products. This study aims to explore how alcohol ad content restrictions (as practised in some countries where ads may only convey factual information and objective properties of alcohol products) versus non-regulated advertising affect consumers’ product perceptions, attitude towards the ad and desire to drink. This study also examines how such restrictions influence the noticeability of text health warnings in ads (signalling alcohol-related risks) depending on their prominence. Design/methodology/approach A multi-method study was used to increase the validity of results. An online quantitative survey (n = 348) and an eye-tracking study (n = 184) were conducted on young French people (15–30). The eye-tracking method is particularly relevant for objectively measuring visual attention. Findings Results show that content restrictions on alcohol advertising reduce ad appeal and desire to drink. A more prominent format enhanced attentional processing of the text warning, whereas none of the tested ad contents influenced its noticeability. Practical implications This study assesses scientific evidence of the effect on alcohol ad content regulations adopted by some countries and provides arguments for upstream social marketers to inform and influence policymakers. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first multi-method study that assesses the effect of regulated vs non-regulated alcohol ads in terms of persuasion and of text warning visibility.

This study presents an analytical framework for examining how remanufacturing rate, consumer buying behavior, and consumer preferences impact a supply chain's economic and environmental outcomes. An original equipment manufacturer and a third-party remanufacturer make decisions influenced by the competitive leverage of relicensing fees and the maximum available quantity of remanufactured products. We analyze this monopoly scenario in a two-period model, assuming that consumers are strategic. The remanufacturing rate has a nonmonotonic impact on the economic outcomes of this supply chain system, and excellent environmental improvement is not an inevitable consequence of a high remanufacturing rate.

International audience; When hit with an adverse shock, banks that do not comply with capital regulation sell risky assets to satisfy their solvency constraint. When financial markets are imperfectly competitive, this naturally gives rise to a GNEP. We consider a new framework with an arbitrary number of banks and assets, and show that Tarski's theorem can be used to prove the existence of a Nash equilibrium when markets are sufficiently competitive. We also prove the existence of ϵ-Nash equilibria.

International audience; AbstractThis paper analyses the effect of single farm payments (SFPs) introduced by the Luxembourg agreements (2003) of the Common Agricultural Policy, on the performance of crop farms in Eure-et-Loir, France, over the period 2005–2008. Technical inefficiency scores of these crop farms are first estimated. Then, the estimated technical inefficiency scores are regressed on SFPs received by farmers following a standard two-step procedure. The analysis shows a negative effect of SFPs on the technical inefficiency of Eure-et-Loir farms. This implies that subsidies granted to farms without production restrictions seem to reduce technical inefficiency.

Many firms have been performing a variety of organizational reforms to achieve long-term manufacturing sustainability. Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and Lean techniques have attracted much attention in this context. Although the potential benefits of implementing Lean and I4.0 in an integrated manner (Lean-I4.0) have been recognized, the studies addressing the practical issues for their integrated implementation, in particular the factors affecting the successful implementation, are missing. Therefore, this study is to determine the critical success factors (CSFs) that will enable the manufacturing industry in India to successfully implement the Lean-I4.0, thus obtaining manufacturing sustainability. The CSFs identified through a literature review were first validated by industrial experts. The Decision-Making Trail and Evaluation Laboratory technique was subsequently adopted to analyze the interdependence of the factors and classify them as either cause or effect. Finally, the Analytical Network Process technique in SuperDecisions was employed to rank the factors considering their interdependence scores. The results stress that i) the maturity of I4.0 and its relationship with lean and ii) the skill level and experience of workers are very important in the successful implementation of the Lean-I4.0. Besides, the study highlights that all the factors affect, at varying degrees, the successful implementation of the Lean-I4.0.

We analyze the conflict between king Louis XV and the venal office-holders who were members of the French parliaments throughout the eighteenth century. There are contrasting views as to the nature of this confrontation. We consider that the parliaments cooperated with the king as long as their rents were protected. However, they opposed political measures that were likely to harm them. In particular, the introduction of a competing body of civil servants, the intendants, was a major cause of conflict, as they were responsible for the enforcement of reforms that reduced the privileges of office-holders. We propose an analytical narrative of the late French Old Regime and provide an empirical test of our predictions. The data suggest that the political opposition of the French parliaments was primarily a response to the king’s reform agenda on matters that would reduce their income and political power.

National audience

National audience; En France, l’activité et l’emploi des femmes ont fortement progressé au fil des générations depuis les cohortes nées dans les années 1920, se rapprochant ainsi peu à peu des niveaux masculins. Cette progression a contribué à soutenir l’activité économique et le revenu des ménages. Elle a aussi joué un rôle important pour l’autonomie financière des femmes. Mais cette tendance est-elle encore vérifiée pour les plus jeunes générations ? Le niveau d’emploi des femmes continue-t-il à rattraper celui des hommes ? Utilisant les dernières données disponibles, Henri Martin dresse un panorama de ces évolutions.

International audience; The basic bathtub model extends Vickrey’s bottleneck model to admit hypercongestion (traffic jam situations). A fixed number of identical commuters travel a fixed distance over a dense network of identical city streets between home and work in the early morning rush hour under dynamic macroscopic fundamental diagram congestion. This paper investigates social optima in the basic bathtub model and contrasts them with the corresponding competitive equilibria. The model gives rise to delay-differential equations, which considerably complicate analysis of the solution properties and design of computational solution algorithms. This paper considers the cases of smooth and strictly concave travel utility functions and of α–β–γ tastes. For each it develops a customized solution algorithm, which it applies to several examples, and for α–β–γ tastes, it derives analytical properties as well. Departures may occur continuously, in departure masses, or a mix of the two. Additionally, hypercongestion may occur in the social optimum. This paper explores how these qualitative solution properties are related to tastes.

We thank participants at the 4th annual OECD conference on Immigration in OECD countries (particularly Richard Freeman), at the 2014 Annual Meeting of the ASSET, at the 2014 ETSG, at the 5th International conference on “Economics of global interactions”, at the internal seminar of the University Aldo Moro of Bari, and at the EQUIPPE internal seminar for useful comments and discussions.; International audience; This article focuses on an apparent conflict between the standard trade theory and available empirical evidence on factor flows. Theoretically, labor and capital flows must be substitutes. However, empirical papers find migration and FDI to be either substitutes or complements, depending upon the skill content of migration. To reconcile the standard theory with these empirical results, we develop a two-country general equilibrium model. We consider three factors – capital, unskilled and skilled labor – and two internationally traded goods. Countries only differ in their factor endowments. The first country is a developing country amply endowed with unskilled labor; the second one is a developed country well endowed with skilled labor. Under imperfect factor mobility, we find that capital and unskilled labor flows are substitutes, while capital and skilled labor flows are complements.

International audience