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Virchow’s law of thrombosis states that thrombosis in a vessel occurs as a combination of the following: (i) injury to the vessel wall, (ii) stasis of blood flow, and (iii) blood hypercoagulability. Injury to the wall includes infection/inflammation and/or injury to the resident cells of the wall. We postulate that in COVID-19, the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly infects the alveolar type II cell or directly or indirectly infects/injures the pericyte, promoting inflammation and interaction with endothelial cells, thereby causing a cascade of events leading to our observation that thrombosis occurred within the walls of the pulmonary vessels and not in the lumen of the vascular circulation.

The vasa vasorum of the large pulmonary vessels is involved in the pathology of COVID-19. This specialized microvasculature plays a major role in the biology and pathology of the pulmonary vessel walls. We have evidence that thrombosis of the vasa vasorum of the large and medium-sized pulmonary vessels during severe COVID-19 causes ischemia and subsequent death of the pulmonary vasculature endothelium. Subsequent release of thrombi from the vasa interna into the pulmonary circulation and pulmonary embolism generated at the ischemic pulmonary vascular endothelium site, are the central pathophysiological mechanisms in COVID-19 responsible for pulmonary thromboembolism. The thrombosis of the vasa vasorum of the large and medium-sized pulmonary vessels is an internal event leading to pulmonary thromboembolism in COVID-19.

estombes–Rosai–Dorfman disease—often simply referred to, in the literature, as Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD)—is a rare, nonmalignant disorder of histiocyte proliferation typically involving the cervical lymph nodes. A subset of patients with RDD, however, display extranodal manifestations highly variable in presentation, more challenging to diagnose, and less likely to spontaneously regress when compared to the nodal manifestations. This study describes the case of a young African male presenting himself with multiple nodules involving the anterior abdominal wall, who was found to have extranodal RDD. The current mode of diagnosis and the clinical management of RDD are reviewed.

Measurements of tree tissue chemistry are influenced by the precision and accuracy of laboratory analyses, sampling position within the tree, variation among replicate trees of the same species, and variation from year to year. We characterized these sources of uncertainty for six northern hardwood species and compared them with observed rates of long-term change. Uncertainty associated with laboratory quality control was small (1%-5%) and differed among elements, with K concentrations exhibiting the lowest accuracy and precision. Sampling position within the tree was more important for branches (the coefficient of variation was 23%) and wood (37%) than for foliage or bark (12% for both) (p < 0.001). Foliar N and P concentrations in leaves were less variable than other elements or tissue types both from tree to tree (p = 0.02) and from year to year (p = 0.03), which means that more samples would be needed to detect differences over space or time for Ca, Mg, or K in branches or wood. Concentrations of foliar N increased over 25 years at the Huntington Forest (p ≤ 0.03) by > 16%. Uncertainty analysis can be used to guide the allocation of sampling effort, depending on the elements and tissue types of interest and the objectives of the study. Key words: Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., Acer saccharum Marsh., Acer rubrum L., Betula papyrifera Marsh., Betula alleghaniensis Britt., Prunus pensylvanica L.f. Les mesures chimiques dans les tissus des arbres sont influencees par la precision et l'exactitude des analyses de laboratoire, la position de l'echantillonnage dans l'arbre, la variation parmi les arbres de la meme espece faisant partie d'un echantillonnage repete et la variation d'une annee a l'autre. Nous avons caracterise ces sources d'incertitude chez six especes de feuillus nordiques et nous les avons comparees aux taux de changement observes a long terme. L'incertitude associee au controle de la qualite en laboratoire etait faible (1-5 %) et differente selon les elements; l'exactitude et la precision des concentrations de K etaient les plus faibles. La position de l'echantillonnage dans l'arbre etait plus importante dans le cas des branches (coefficient de variation de 23 %) et du bois (37 %) que du feuillage et de l'ecorce (12 % dans les deux cas) (p < 0,001). La concentration foliaire de N et P etait moins variable que celle des autres elements ou des types de tissus tant d'un arbre a l'autre (p = 0,02) que d'une annee a l'autre (p = 0,03), ce qui signifie que davantage d'echantillons seraient necessaires pour detecter des differences dans l'espace et le temps dans le cas de Ca, Mg ou K dans les branches et le bois. La concentration foliaire de N a augmente de plus de 16 % (p ≤ 0,03) sur 25 ans a la foret de Huntington. L'analyse de l'incertitude peut etre utilisee pour orienter l'allocation de l'effort d'echantillonnage selon les elements et les types de tissus vises et les objectifs de l'etude. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., Acer saccharum Marsh., Acer rubrum L., Betula papyrifera Marsh., Betula alleghaniensis Britt., Prunus pensylvanica L.f., Introduction Changes in the nutritional status of forests and thus tree tissue chemistry can result from many different factors, including natural disturbances, forest management (Purahong et al. 2014), and pollutant [...]

Background Work ability and mental health in the workplace is increasingly promoted in terms of workplace health management. In order to select suitable interventions at work in a concrete context, employees and managers of a large state organization (science and development sector) were asked about perceived needs, desired effects and possible side effects of health promotion interventions. Methods 13 semi-structured interviews with managers and three focus group interviews with employees (N = 20) were conducted in autumn 2020 by a behavior therapist in training. The evaluation was carried out by a qualitative content analysis of the interview transcripts according to a deductive procedure and was checked by two independent raters. Results Most frequently, need was expressed for individual case counselling by a health expert due to the diversity of work-related problems. Managers would like to see more health-related leadership training, and a review of the various communication channels of their organization. Expected positive effects are increased self-efficacy, higher person-job-fits and reduced absenteeism. Side effects were mentioned, such as confusion of health management activities with therapy, or sensitization effects when speaking too much about mental health in mentally healthy teams. Lack of competence with the topic of mental health was mentioned as a reason for non-participation in mental health promotion activities. Conclusions The role of managers in relation to mental health needs to be more defined. Side effects related to mental health activities should be considered in evaluations. Selection of health interventions should depend on the concrete needs of the organization.

Employees with mental illness are often the first to be unable to cope with increasingly complex psychosocial work demands. But people without mental illness can also suffer from, for example, high workload. This study compares a short coaching to stabilize work ability for employees with and without mental illness regarding coaching topics, effects on work-related resources, goal attainment, and unwanted events. Individual coaching of three sessions (problem exploration by behavior analysis, practice of new behavior, reflection) was conducted with employees from different professional fields. A medical history was taken to determine whether participants are affected by a mental disorder. All coaching was conducted by the same behavior therapist in training (L.P.W.) under the supervision of an experienced behavior therapist (B.M.). Two hundred and three coachings with three sessions were completed. In total, 103 participants did not have a mental illness (51%), and 100 participants reported a mental disorder (49%). The coaching participants with mental illness had lower initial levels of work-related capacities (more severe impairments) and coping behavior as compared to the participants without mental illness. In the pre–post comparisons, both groups achieved significant improvements in work-related coping after the coaching. There were no differences in goal attainment between both groups. While participants without mental illness reported more unwanted events in parallel to the coaching (30% reported negative developments in life), participants with mental illness reported coaching-related unwanted events (20% felt to be dependent on the coach). Coaching with an individual focus on one topic can improve work-related resources in participants with and without mental disorders. Since participants with and without mental illness experience different unwanted events in coaching, psychotherapeutic expertise is needed in order to set the right focus.

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