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Parasitic infections caused by nematode parasites are a challenge which causes significant threats to animal health, which results in economic losses. Medicinal plants have been utilised for generations as traditional remedies against various diseases due to the presence of bioactive compounds in the plants. This article reviews four selected plant species in Brunei: Azadirachta indica, Andrographis paniculata, Clitoria ternatea, and Litsea elliptica to unravel their potential in combating helminthic infections, considering both their historical significance and known therapeutic values. The phytochemical compounds present in each species that exhibit potential anthelmintic properties are discussed and evaluated. The selected medicinal plants from Brunei have shown their potential as an alternative anthelmintic source, particularly noting their effectiveness against nematode parasites due to the presence of phytochemicals in the plants. Caenorhabditis elegans can be used as a model organism to explore the exact active compounds having anthelmintic ability and elucidate its mechanism of action to enhance a better understanding of plant-based anthelmintics and their potential in combating nematode parasitic infections. Hence, the identification and understanding of the phytochemical constituents of these plants can offer promising avenues for the development of novel interventions to combat parasitic infections in livestock, promoting sustainable agricultural practices and securing food production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new specific fertilizer for non-granary area in Skuduk-Chupak is developed through the adoption of site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) approach involving identification of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) requirement with determination of N fertilizer proportion and timing. Total crop NPK requirement obtained from the nutrient omission plot trials carried out in consecutive seasons with targeted yield of 5 t/ha is 86.5:54.7:91.7 kg/ha N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. Then, N fertilizer proportion and timing studies were carried out for two subsequent seasons and the results showed that the ratio of N at 20% during early tillering, 30% at active tillering and 50% at panicle initiation (PI) stage produced the highest yield (5.03 t/ha) among all treatments. Application of 50% N fertilizer at PI stage contributed to higher number of panicles (380), number of spikelet/panicle (126) and filled spikelet (81.6%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pineapples (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) cultivation on drained peats could affect the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere and also the leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Carbon dioxide emission needs to be partitioned before deciding on whether cultivated peat is net sink or net source of carbon. Partitioning of CO2 emission into root respiration, microbial respiration, and oxidative peat decomposition was achieved using a lysimeter experiment with three treatments: peat soil cultivated with pineapple, bare peat soil, and bare peat soil fumigated with chloroform. Drainage water leached from cultivated peat and bare peat soil was also analyzed for DOC. On a yearly basis, CO2 emissions were higher under bare peat (218.8 t CO2 ha/yr) than under bare peat treated with chloroform (205 t CO2 ha/yr), and they were the lowest (179.6 t CO2 ha/yr) under cultivated peat. Decreasing CO2 emissions under pineapple were attributed to the positive effects of photosynthesis and soil autotrophic activities. An average 235.7 mg/L loss of DOC under bare peat suggests rapid decline of peat organic carbon through heterotrophic respiration and peat decomposition. Soil CO2 emission depended on moderate temperature fluctuations, but it was not affected by soil moisture.