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202 results on '"Lima, Aldo A.M."'

2. The epidemiology and impact of persistent Campylobacter infections on childhood growth among children 0–24 months of age in resource-limited settings

Author

Schiaffino, Francesca, Colston, Josh M., Paredes Olortegui, Maribel, Peñataro Yori, Pablo, Mourkas, Evangelos, Pascoe, Ben, Lima, Aldo A.M., Mason, Carl J., Ahmed, Tahmeed, Kang, Gagandeep, Mduma, Estomih, Samie, Amidou, Zaidi, Anita, Liu, Jie, Cooper, Kerry K., Houpt, Eric R., Parker, Craig T., Lee, Gwenyth O., and Kosek, Margaret N.

Published
2024
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3. Perinatal Outcomes of Asynchronous Influenza Vaccination, Ceara, Brazil, 2013-2018

Author

Filho, Jose Q., Junior, Francisco S., Lima, Thaisy B.R., Viana, Vania A.F., Burgoa, Jaqueline S.V., Soares, Alberto M., Leite, Alvaro M., Herron, Simone A., Newland, Hunter L., Sarnaik, Kunaal S., Hanson, Gabriel F., Papin, Jason A., Moore, Sean R., and Lima, Aldo A.M.

Subjects
Ceará, Brazil -- Health aspects, Control, Statistics, Care and treatment, Patient outcomes, Health aspects, Influenza vaccines -- Patient outcomes -- Statistics, Influenza -- Statistics -- Control, Perinatal infection -- Statistics -- Control, Pregnant women -- Care and treatment -- Statistics
Abstract

Respiratory infections are a leading cause of disease and death worldwide (1,2), especially among young children and older adults. However, the adverse effects of respiratory infections on pregnant women and [...]

Published
2021
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4. A sparse covarying unit that describes healthy and impaired human gut microbiota development

Author

Raman, Arjun S., Gehrig, Jeanette L., Venkatesh, Siddarth, Chang, Hao-Wei, Hibberd, Matthew C., Subramanian, Sathish, Kang, Gagandeep, Bessong, Pascal O., Lima, Aldo A.M., Kosek, Margaret N., Petri, William A., Rodionov, Dmitry A., Arzamasov, Aleksandr A., Leyn, Semen A., Osterman, Andrei L., Huq, Sayeeda, Mostafa, Ishita, Islam, Munirul, Mahfuz, Mustafa, Haque, Rashidul, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Barratt, Michael J., and Gordon, Jeffrey I.

Published
2019

5. Cholera

Author

Lima, Aldo A.M., additional and Guerrant, Richard L., additional

Published
2020
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6. Oral Alanyl-Glutamine for Inflammation, Nutrition, & Enteropathy: A Randomized Dose-Response Controlled Trial in Children

Author

Moore, Sean R., Quinn, Laura A., Maier, Elizabeth A., Guedes, Marjorie M., Quetz, Josiane S., Perry, Madeline, Ramprasad, Chethan, Lopes, Gabriela M.L. Lanzarini, Mayneris-Perxachs, Jordi, Swann, Jonathan, Soares, Alberto M., Filho, José Q., Junior, Francisco S., Havt, Alexandre, Lima, Noelia L., Guerrant, Richard L., and Lima, Aldo A.M.

Published
2020
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9. Colaboradores

Author

Abrams, Charles S., Adler, Ronald S., Agarwal, Anupam, Akin, Cem, Aksamit, Allen J., Jr., Al-Awqati, Qais, Allen, Upton D., Allos, Ban Mishu, Angus, Derek C., Appelbaum, Frederick R., Armitage, James O., Armstrong, April W., Armstrong, Deborah K., Arnaout, M. Amin, Arnold, Robert M., Aronson, Louise, Atkinson, John P., Attia, Evelyn, Auerbach, Andrew D., Ayanian, John Z., Baddour, Larry M., Baden, Lindsey R., Bailey, Thomas C., Bain, Barbara J., Bajorin, Dean F., Baloh, Robert W., Bangham, Charles R.M., Barasch, Jonathan, Barrett, Bruce, Bartholomew, John R., Bartleson, J.D., Barton, Mary B., Basner, Robert C., Bass, Adam J., Bass, Anne R., Bauman, Julie E., Bausch, Daniel G., Bayer, Arnold S., Bazarian, Jeffrey J., Bearman, Gonzalo M., Becker, Richard C., Beckham, J. David, Beckman, Joshua A., Beigel, John H., Bel, Elisabeth H., Belda, Walter, Jr., Benarroch, Eduardo E., Berger, Joseph R., Berliner, Nancy, Bernat, James L., Bessesen, Daniel H., Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Biesecker, Leslie G., Biundo, Joseph J., Blankson, Joel N., Bloch, Karen C., Blom, Henk J., Boden, William E., Boivin, Guy, Bolognia, Jean, Bonomo, Robert A., Booth, Sarah L., Bosaeus, Ingvar G., Brenner, David J., Bridges, S. Louis, Jr., Brochard, Laurent, Brodsky, Robert A., Brook, Itzhak, Brown, Jennifer R., Brunetti, Enrico, Bryant, Amy E., Budge, Philip J., Buffet, Pierre A., Bushinsky, David A., Bykerk, Vivian P., Calabresi, Peter A., Calello, Diane P., Calfee, David P., Callahan, S. Todd, Camilleri, Michael, Canoso, Juan J., Cappellini, Maria Domenica, Carabello, Blase A., Carucci, Laura R., Castells, Mariana, Catherino, William H., Cederholm, Tommy E., Chalasani, Naga P., Chambers, Henry F., Chang, Larry W., Chang, Lin, Chao, Nelson J., Chatterjee, Mitali, Chaturvedi, Seemant, Chen, Lin H., Chen, Sharon C-A, Chon, Susan Y., Christiani, David C., Chu, Edward, Cieslak, Theodore J., Cioffi, George A., Clancy, Carolyn M., Clauss, Heather, Clauw, Daniel J., Clemmons, David R., Coffman, Thomas M., Cohen, David, Cohen, Jeffrey, Cohen, Myron S., Cohen, Steven P., Connors, Joseph M., Cook, Deborah J., Cook, Lucy B.M., Cooney, Kathleen A., Craigen, William J., Crandall, Jill P., Croft, Simon L., Crow, Mary K., Crump, John A., Cudkowicz, Merit E., Cunningham-Rundles, Charlotte, Dahir, Kathryn M., Damon, Inger K., Daras, Michael, Dart, Richard C., Davidson, Nancy E., Deane, Kevin D., DeAngelis, Lisa M., DeCamp, Malcolm M., DeLoughery, Thomas G., del Rio, Carlos, De Luca, Gabriele C., Denning, David W., Deuster, Patricia A., DeZern, Amy E., Dhatariya, Ketan K., Diasio, Robert B., Diemert, David J., Digre, Kathleen B., Dilsizian, Vasken, Dionne, Jodie A., Di Paola, Jorge, Dispenzieri, Angela, Dogra, Sunil, Doroshow, James H., Douglas, John M., Jr., Drazen, Jeffrey M., Drekonja, Dimitri, Dubberke, Erik R., DuBeau, Catherine E., Dumler, J. Stephen, Duvic, Madeleine, Ebi, Kristie, Edwards, Kathryn M., Edwards, N. Lawrence, Eikelboom, John W., Einhorn, Lawrence H., Elliott, Perry M., Emanuel, Ezekiel J., Falagas, Matthew E., Falk, Gary W., Fang, James C., Farley, Monica M., Feder, Gene, Feller-Kopman, David J., File, Thomas McDonald, Jr., Fishman, Glenn I., Flack, John M., Fleckenstein, James M., Fleisher, Lee A., Flint, Paul W., Fogel, Evan L., Fontana, Robert J., Forsmark, Chris E., Fournier, Pierre-Edouard, Fowler, Vance G., Jr., Franco, Manuel A., Fraser, Victoria J., Freeman, Roy, Freund, Karen M., Froberg, Blake A., Gallagher, Patrick G., Gandhi, Monica, Gandhi, Rajesh T., Ganz, Leonard, Garan, Hasan, Garcia-Tsao, Guadalupe, Geisler, William M., Gelfand, Joel M., George, Tony P., Gepstein, Lior, Gertz, Morie A., Ghanem, Khalil G., Gharavi, Ali G., Ghossein, Cybele, Gill, Christopher J., Ginsburg, Geoffrey S., Glesby, Marshall J., Gnann, John W., Jr., Goldman, David L., Goldman, Lee, Goldstein, Larry B., Gordon, Anthony C., Gotlib, Jason, Gotuzzo, Eduardo, Grasemann, Hartmut, Green-McKenzie, Judith, Greenberg, Harry B., Greenberg, Steven A., Greer, David M., Greysen, S. Ryan, Griffin, Marie R., Griggs, Robert C., Grossman, Daniel, Guay-Woodford, Lisa M., Gulick, Roy M., Haake, David A., Hagman, Melissa M., Hagspiel, Klaus D., Harris, Raymond C., Havers, Fiona P., Heath, Elisabeth I., Hecht, Frederick M., Hensrud, Donald D., Hess, Jeremy, Hewlett, Erik L., Hift, Richard J., Hill, David R., Hill, Nicholas S., Hillyer, Christopher D., Hirsch, Hans H., Hoeper, Marius M., Hoit, Brian D., Holers, V. Michael, Holland, Steven M., Hollenberg, Anthony N., Hollenberg, Steven M., Howard, Jo, Hunter, David J., Hussain, Khalid, Iannuzzi, Michael C., Inman, Robert D., Inouye, Sharon K., Ison, Michael G., Jen, Joanna C., Jensen, Dennis M., Jensen, Michael D., Jensen, Robert T., Johnston, S. Claiborne, Jones, Robin L., Jordan, Richard C., Kahi, Charles J., Kaiser, Laurent, Kaminski, Henry J., Kamya, Moses R., Kao, Louise W., Kaplan, Steven A., Kastner, Daniel L., Katzka, David A., Katzman, Debra K., Kaushansky, Kenneth, Kaye, Keith S., Keating, Armand, Kelley, Robin K., Kennedy, Richard B., Khuri, Fadlo R., Kim, Rose, Kirchhoff, Louis V., Kirking, Hannah, Kirtane, Ajay J., Kishnani, Priya S., Klausner, Jeffrey D., Klion, Amy D., Klompas, Michael, Knopman, David S., Ko, Christine J., Kodali, Susheel, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., Koppel, Barbara S., Korenblat, Kevin M., Korf, Bruce R., Kortepeter, Mark G., Koshy, Anita A., Kottilil, Shyamasundaran, Kovacs, Joseph A., Kovacs, Thomas O., Kowdley, Kris V., Kraft, Monica, Kramer, Christopher M., Krasnewich, Donna M., Kraus, William E., Krause, Peter J., Kroger, Andrew T., Kroshinsky, Daniela, Kuemmerle, John F., Kuipers, Ernst J., Kutner, Jean S., Laheru, Daniel, Lampert, Rachel, Landefeld, C. Seth, Landovitz, Raphael J., Landry, Donald W., Lange, Richard A., Lee, Hochang B., Lee, Nelson, Levey, Andrew S., Levine, Stephanie M., Lichtenstein, Gary R., Liebmann, Jeffrey M., Liebschutz, Jane M., Lim, Henry W., Lima, Aldo A.M., Limaye, Ajit P., Limdi, Nita A., Link, Mark S., Liu, Catherine, Lloyd-Jones, Donald M., Lopez, Fred A., Louie, Arnold, Lyness, Jeffrey M., MacKenzie, C. Ronald, MacLennan, Calman A., MacMillan, Harriet L., Madoff, Robert D., Maher, Jacquelyn, Maier, Lisa A., Maldarelli, Frank, Malhotra, Atul, Manary, Mark J., Marcos, Luis A., Marelli, Ariane J., Marks, Andrew R., Marschall, Jonas, Martin, Paul, Martinez, Fernando J., Mason, Joel B., Masur, Henry, Mathers, Amy J., Matthay, Michael A., McCool, F. Dennis, McInnes, Iain B., McLaughlin, Vallerie, McMichael, Amy, McMurray, John J.V., McQuaid, Kenneth R., Mead, Paul S., Means, Robert T., Jr., Melia, Michael T., Mellinghoff, Ingo K., Melton, Genevieve B., Merrick, Samuel T., Miceli, Marisa H., Michel, Marc, Mokdad, Ali H., Moy, Ernest, Mukherjee, Debabrata, Murr, Andrew H., Myerburg, Robert J., Nadeau, Kari C., Nath, Avindra, Neal-Perry, Genevieve, Neilson, Eric G., Nelson, Christina A., Nelson, David B., Nelson, Lewis S., Nestler, Eric J., Neuzil, Kathleen M., Nieman, Lynnette K., Niven, Alexander S., O’Connor, Christopher M., O’Connor, Francis G., O’Connor, Patrick G., O’Donnell, Anne E., O’Donnell, James S., Oh, Jae K., Okun, Michael S., O’Leary, Sean T., Olgin, Jeffrey E., Olivier, Kenneth N., Olivotto, Iacopo, Olsen, Nancy J., Orenstein, Walter A., Ortel, Thomas L., O’Shea, John J., Osmon, Douglas R., Ostrem, Jill L., Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Otto, Catherine M., Ottolini, Martin G., Ovsyannikova, Inna G., Pappas, Peter G., Park, Ben Ho, Patel, Robin, Patterson, Thomas F., Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel, Payne, Thomas H., Pearce, Elizabeth N., Pearson, Richard D., Perl, Trish M., Petersen, Brett W., Petri, William A., Jr., Pfeffer, Marc A., Philips, Jennifer A., Pisetsky, David S., Pletcher, Steven D., Plumb, Ian D., Poland, Gregory A., Powell, Frank, Pyeritz, Reed E., Quinn, Thomas C., Racaniello, Vincent, Radhakrishnan, Jai, Radich, Jerald, Rafailidis, Petros I., Raghu, Ganesh, Ragni, Margaret V., Rahman, Proton, Rajkumar, S. Vincent, Ralston, Stuart H., Raoult, Didier, Reboli, Annette C., Reddy, K. Rajender, Redelmeier, Donald A., Redlich, Carrie A., Reilly, John, Reller, Megan E., Reno, Hilary E.L., Resnick, Neil M., Rice, Louis B., Roach, E. Steve, Robinson, Jennifer G., Rogatsky, Inez, Rogers, Joseph G., Rolain, Jean-Marc, Rollins, Barrett J., Romero, José R., Rosen, Jennifer B., Rosenthal, Philip J., Russell, James A., Rustgi, Anil K., Safer, Joshua D., Saini, Sarbjit S., Salmon, Jane E., Salvana, Edsel Maurice T., Santoro, Nanette, Santucci, Peter A., Sarnak, Mark J., Savage, Kerry J., Savard, Patrice, Sawka, Michael N., Scanlon, Paul D., Schafer, Andrew I., Schiff, Manuel, Schilsky, Michael L., Schneider, Thomas Rudolf, Schooley, Robert T., Schriger, David L., Schuchter, Lynn M., Schwartz, Lawrence B., Seas, Carlos, Seifert, Steven A., Seifter, Julian Lawrence, Selcen, Duygu, Selim, Magdy, Semrad, Carol E., Sepulveda, Jorge, Shaw, Pamela J., Shaz, Beth H., Sheridan, Robert L., Sherman, Stuart, Shojania, Kaveh G., Shopsin, Bo, Shy, Michael E., Sidransky, Ellen, Sifri, Costi D., Siliciano, Robert F., Simel, David L., Skorecki, Karl, Slawski, Barbara A., Slutsky, Arthur S., Smetana, Gerald W., Smith, A. Gordon, Smith, Stephen R., Southwick, Frederick S., Spiegel, Allen M., Spiera, Robert, Spinola, Stanley M., Spong, Catherine Y., Stabler, Sally P., Stark, Paul, Clair, E. William St., Steiner, Theodore S., Stephens, David S., Stevens, David A., Stevens, Dennis L., Stokes, M. Barry, Stoller, James K., Stone, John H., Stone, Richard M., Su, Edwin P., Swerdloff, Ronald S., Swygard, Heidi, Sykes, Megan, Talbot, H. Keipp, Tamimi, Rulla M., Tanofsky-Kraff, Marian, Tarlo, Susan M., Taylor, Stephanie N., Teirstein, Paul S., Telford, Sam R., III, Thakker, Rajesh V., Therrien, Judith, Thompson, George R., III, Tormoehlen, Laura, Tosti, Antonella, Trehan, Indi, Umpierrez, Guillermo E., Valeri, Anthony Michael, Varga, John, Vaughn, Bradley V., Venook, Alan P., Verbalis, Joseph G., Vose, Julie M., Wachter, Robert M., Walsh, B. Timothy, Walsh, Edward E., Walsh, Thomas J., Walston, Jeremy D., Walter, Roland B., Wang, Christina, Wang, Kenneth K., Ware, Lorraine B., Warren, Cirle A., Watkins, Paul B., Weber, Thomas J., Weimer, Louis H., Weinberg, Geoffrey A., Weinstein, Robert S., Weiss, Roger D., Weiss, Roy E., Weitz, Jeffrey I., Welt, Frederick G.P., Wenzel, Richard P., Werth, Victoria P., West, Sterling G., White, A. Clinton, Jr., White, Christopher J., White, Julian, White, Perrin C., Whitley, Richard J., Whyte, Michael P., Wiebe, Samuel, Wiener-Kronish, Jeanine P., Wilber, David J., Wilcox, Mark H., Winikoff, Beverly, Winter, Jane N., Wittink, Marsha N., Wolff, Tracy A., Wolin, Edward M., Wormser, Gary P., Yancy, Clyde W., Young, Neal S., Young, Vincent B., Young, William F., Jr., Yu, Alan S.L., Zimetbaum, Peter, and Zucker, Jane R.

Published
2025
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14. Use of antibiotics in children younger than two years in eight countries: a prospective cohort study/Utilisation d'antibiotiques chez les enfants de moins de deux ans dans huit pays: une etude de cohorte prospective/El uso de antibioticos en ninos menores de dos anos en ocho paises: un estudio prospectivo de cohortes

Author

Rogawski, Elizabeth T., Platts-Mills, James A., Seidman, Jessica C., John, Sushil, Mahfuz, Mustafa, Ulak, Manjeswori, Shrestha, Sanjaya K., Soofi, Sajid Bashir, Yori, Pablo Penataro, Mduma, Estomih, Svensen, Erling, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Lima, Aldo A.M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Kosek, Margaret N., Lang, Dennis R., Gottlieb, Michael, Zaidi, Anita K.M., Kang, Gagandeep, Bessong, Pascal O., Houpt, Eric R., and Guerrant, Richard L.

Subjects
World Health Organization, Usage, Gastrointestinal agents, Pediatric pharmacology, Antibiotics -- Usage
Abstract

Introduction Antibiotics can be a lifesaving treatment for children with bacterial infections and are the most commonly prescribed therapy among all medications given to children. (1) However, antibiotics can also [...], Objective To describe the frequency and factors associated with antibiotic use in early childhood, and estimate the proportion of diarrhoea and respiratory illnesses episodes treated with antibiotics. Methods Between 2009 and 2014, we followed 2134 children from eight sites in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa and the United Republic of Tanzania, enrolled in the MAL-ED birth cohort study. We documented all antibiotic use from mothers' reports at twice-weekly visits over the children's first two years of life. We estimated the incidence of antibiotic use and the associations of antibiotic use with child and household characteristics. We described treatment patterns for diarrhoea and respiratory illnesses, and identified factors associated with treatment and antibiotic class. Findings Over 1 346 388 total days of observation, 16 913 courses of antibiotics were recorded (an Incidence of 4.9 courses per child per year), with the highest use in South Asia. Antibiotic treatment was given for 375/499 (75.2%) episodes of bloody diarrhoea and for 4274/9661 (44.2%) episodes of diarrhoea without bloody stools. Antibiotics were used in 2384/3943 (60.5%) episodes of fieldworker-confirmed acute lower respiratory tract illness as well as in 6608/16742 (39.5%) episodes of upper respiratory illness. Penicillins were used most frequently for respiratory illness, while antibiotic classes for diarrhoea treatment varied within and between sites. Conclusion Repeated antibiotic exposure was common early in life, and treatment of non-bloody diarrhoea and non- specific respiratory illnesses was not consistent with international recommendations. Rational antibiotic use programmes may have the most impact in South Asia, where antibiotic use was highest. Objectif Decrire la frequence et les facteurs associes a l'utilisation d'antibiotiques chez les jeunes enfants et estimer la proportion d'episodes de diarrhee et de maladies respiratoires traites avec des antibiotiques. Methodes De 2009 a 2014, nous avons suivi 2134 enfants qui participaient a l'etude de cohorte de naissance MAL-ED sur huit sites en Afrique du Sud, au Bangladesh, au Bresil, en Inde, au Nepal, au Pakistan, au Perou et en Republique-Unie de Tanzanie. Nous avons note l'utilisation de tous les antibiotiques declares par les meres lors de consultations bi-hebdomadalres pendant les deux premieres annees de vie des enfants. Nous avons estime l'Incidence du recours aux antibiotiques ainsi que les associations entre utilisation d'antibiotiques et caracteristiques des enfants et des foyers. Nous avons decrit les habitudes de traitement de la diarrhee et des maladies respiratoires et avons Identifie les facteurs associes aux traitements et aux classes d'antibiotiques. Resultats Sur 1 346 388 jours d'observation au total, 16 913 traitements aux antibiotiques ont ete enregistres (Incidence de 4,9 traitements par enfant et par an), la plus forte utilisation ayant ete observee en Asie du Sud. Un traitement antibiotique a ete administre pour 375/499 (75,2%) episodes de diarrhee sanglante et pour 4274/9661 (44,2%) episodes de diarrhee sans presence de sang dans les selles. Des antibiotiques ont ete utilises pour 2384/3943 (60,5%) episodes de maladie aigue des voies respiratoires inferieures confirmee par un professionnel sur le terrain ainsi que pour 6608/16 742 (39,5%) episodes de maladie des voies respiratoires superieures. Les penicillines etaient les plus frequemment utilisees pour combattre les maladies respiratoires, tandis que les classes d'antibiotiques utilisees pour traiter la diarrhee variaient selon les sites et au sein d'un meme site. Conclusion L'exposition repetee aux antibiotiques a un jeune age etait courante et le traitement de la diarrhee sans presence de sang dans les selles et de maladies respiratoires non specifiques ne respectait pas les recommandations internationales. C'est en Asie du Sud, oU l'usage des antibiotiques etait le plus important, que les programmes d'utilisation rationnelle des antibiotiques pourraient avoir le plus fort impact. Objetivo Describir la frecuencia y los-factores relacionados con el uso de antibioticos en la primera infancia y estimar la proporcion de los episodios de diarrea y enfermedades respiratorias tratados con antibioticos. Metodos Entre 2009 y 2014, se realizo el seguimiento de 2 134 ninos de ocho lugares en Bangladesh, Brasil, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, la Republica Unida de Tanzania y Sudafrica inscritos en el estudio de cohortes en el nacimiento MAL-ED. Se documento el uso de todos los antibioticos de los informes de las madres en las visitas dos veces por semana a lo largo de los dos primeros anos de vida de los ninos. Se estimo la incidencia del uso de antibioticos y las asociaciones del uso de antibioticos con caracteristicas familiares y con ninos. Se describieron los patrones de tratamiento para la diarrea y las enfermedades respiratorias, y se identificaron los factores relacionados con las clases de tratamientos y de antibioticos. Resultados De un total de 1 346 388 dias de observacion, se registraron 16 913 tratamientos con antibioticos (una incidencia de 4,9 tratamientos por nino al ano), siendo el mayor uso en el sur de Asia. Se empleo tratamiento con antibioticos en 375/499 (75,2%) episodios de diarrea hemorragica y en 4 274/9 661 (44,2%) episodios de diarrea sin deposiciones hemorragicas. Se usaron antibioticos en 2 384/3 943 (60,5%) episodios de enfermedad respiratoria aguda de las vias bajas confirmadas por los investigadores, asi como en 6 608/16 742 (39,5%) episodios de enfermedad respiratoria de las vias altas. Las penicilinas se usaron mas frecuentemente para las enfermedades respiratorias, mientras que los antibioticos para el tratamiento de la diarrea variaron entre los distintos lugares. Conclusion La exposicion repetida a antibioticos fue comun en los primeros anos de vida, y el tratamiento de diarrea no hemorragica y de enfermedades respiratorias no especificas no fue coherente con las recomendaciones internacionales. Los programas de uso racional de antibioticos pueden tener el mayor efecto en el sur de Asia, donde el uso de antibioticos fue el mas alto.

Published
2017
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15. Measuring lactulose and mannitol levels using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrum: application to clinical study of intestinal epithelium barrier function

Author

Magalhães, Lyvia M. V. C., primary, Rodrigues, Francisco A. P., additional, Quirino-Filho, José, additional, Gondim, Rafhaella N.D.G., additional, Ribeiro, Samilly, additional, K. Sousa, José, additional, Clementino, Marco, additional, Maciel, Bruna L.L., additional, Havt, Alexandre, additional, Santos, Armênio A., additional, Magalhães, Pedro J.C., additional, and Lima, Aldo A.M., additional

Published
2022
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17. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Subclinical Infection and Coinfections and Impaired Child Growth in the MAL-ED Cohort Study

Author

Lima, Aldo A.M., Soares, Alberto M., Filho, José Q.S., Havt, Alexandre, Lima, Ila F.N., Lima, Noélia L., Abreu, Cláudia B., Junior, Francisco S., Mota, Rosa M.S., Pan, William K.-Y., Troeger, Christopher, Medeiros, Pedro H.Q.S., Veras, Herlice N., Prata, Mara A., McCormick, Ben J.J., McGrath, Monica, Rogawski, Elizabeth T., Houpt, Eric R., Platts-Mills, James A., Gratz, Jean, Samie, Amidou, Bessong, Pascal, Babji, Sudhir, Kang, Gangadeep, Qureshi, Shahida, Shakoor, Sadia, Bhutta, Zulfigar A., Haque, Rashidul, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Mduma, Estomih R., Svensen, Erling, Kosek, Margaret, Yori, Pablo P., Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Jasmin, Shrestha, Mason, Carl J., Lang, Dennis, Gottlieb, Michael, and Guerrant, Richard L.

Published
2018
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18. Early Antibiotic Exposure in Low-resource Settings Is Associated With Increased Weight in the First Two Years of Life

Author

Rogawski, Elizabeth T., Platts-Mills, James A., Seidman, Jessica C., John, Sushil, Mahfuz, Mustafa, Ulak, Manjeswori, Shrestha, Sanjaya, Soofi, Sajid B., Yori, Pablo Penataro, Mduma, Estomih, Svensen, Erling, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Lima, Aldo A.M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar, Kosek, Margaret, Lang, Dennis, Gottlieb, Michael, Zaidi, Anita, Kang, Gagandeep, Bessong, Pascal, Houpt, Eric R., and Guerrant, Richard L.

Published
2017
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23. Contributors

Author

Abrams, Charles S., Adler, Ronald S., Agarwal, Anupam, Akin, Cem, Aksamit, Allen J., Jr., Al-Awqati, Qais, Allen, Upton D., Allos, Ban Mishu, Angus, Derek C., Appelbaum, Frederick R., Armitage, James O., Armstrong, April W., Armstrong, Deborah K., Arnaout, M. Amin, Arnold, Robert M., Aronson, Louise, Atkinson, John P., Attia, Evelyn, Auerbach, Andrew D., Ayanian, John Z., Baddour, Larry M., Baden, Lindsey R., Bailey, Thomas C., Bain, Barbara J., Bajorin, Dean F., Baloh, Robert W., Bangham, Charles R.M., Barasch, Jonathan, Barrett, Bruce, Bartholomew, John R., Bartleson, J.D., Barton, Mary B., Basner, Robert C., Bass, Adam J., Bass, Anne R., Bauman, Julie E., Bausch, Daniel G., Bayer, Arnold S., Bazarian, Jeffrey J., Bearman, Gonzalo M., Becker, Richard C., Beckham, J. David, Beckman, Joshua A., Beigel, John H., Bel, Elisabeth H., Belda, Walter, Jr., Benarroch, Eduardo E., Berger, Joseph R., Berliner, Nancy, Bernat, James L., Bessesen, Daniel H., Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten, Biesecker, Leslie G., Biundo, Joseph J., Blankson, Joel N., Bloch, Karen C., Blom, Henk J., Boden, William E., Boivin, Guy, Bolognia, Jean, Bonomo, Robert A., Booth, Sarah L., Bosaeus, Ingvar G., Brenner, David J., Bridges, S. Louis, Jr., Brochard, Laurent, Brodsky, Robert A., Brook, Itzhak, Brown, Jennifer R., Brunetti, Enrico, Bryant, Amy E., Budge, Philip J., Buffet, Pierre A., Bushinsky, David A., Bykerk, Vivian P., Calabresi, Peter A., Calello, Diane P., Calfee, David P., Callahan, S. Todd, Camilleri, Michael, Canoso, Juan J., Cappellini, Maria Domenica, Carabello, Blase A., Carucci, Laura R., Castells, Mariana, Catherino, William H., Cederholm, Tommy E., Chalasani, Naga P., Chambers, Henry F., Chang, Larry W., Chang, Lin, Chao, Nelson J., Chatterjee, Mitali, Chaturvedi, Seemant, Chen, Lin H., C-A Chen, Sharon, Chon, Susan Y., Christiani, David C., Chu, Edward, Cieslak, Theodore J., Cioffi, George A., Clancy, Carolyn M., Clauss, Heather, Clauw, Daniel J., Clemmons, David R., Coffman, Thomas M., Cohen, David, Cohen, Jeffrey, Cohen, Myron S., Cohen, Steven P., Connors, Joseph M., Cook, Deborah J., Cook, Lucy B.M., Cooney, Kathleen A., Craigen, William J., Crandall, Jill P., Croft, Simon L., Crow, Mary K., Crump, John A., Cudkowicz, Merit E., Cunningham-Rundles, Charlotte, Dahir, Kathryn M., Damon, Inger K., Daras, Michael, Dart, Richard C., Davidson, Nancy E., Deane, Kevin D., DeAngelis, Lisa M., DeCamp, Malcolm M., DeLoughery, Thomas G., Rio, Carlos del, De Luca, Gabriele C., Denning, David W., Deuster, Patricia A., DeZern, Amy E., Dhatariya, Ketan K., Diasio, Robert B., Diemert, David J., Digre, Kathleen B., Dilsizian, Vasken, Dionne, Jodie A., Di Paola, Jorge, Dispenzieri, Angela, Dogra, Sunil, Doroshow, James H., Douglas, John M., Jr., Drazen, Jeffrey M., Drekonja, Dimitri, Dubberke, Erik R., DuBeau, Catherine E., Dumler, J. Stephen, Duvic, Madeleine, Ebi, Kristie, Edwards, Kathryn M., Edwards, N. Lawrence, Eikelboom, John W., Einhorn, Lawrence H., Elliott, Perry M., Emanuel, Ezekiel J., Falagas, Matthew E., Falk, Gary W., Fang, James C., Farley, Monica M., Feder, Gene, Feller-Kopman, David J., McDonald File, Thomas, Jr., Fishman, Glenn I., Flack, John M., Fleckenstein, James M., Fleisher, Lee A., Flint, Paul W., Fogel, Evan L., Fontana, Robert J., Forsmark, Chris E., Fournier, Pierre-Edouard, Fowler, Vance G., Jr., Franco, Manuel A., Fraser, Victoria J., Freeman, Roy, Freund, Karen M., Froberg, Blake A., Gallagher, Patrick G., Gandhi, Monica, Gandhi, Rajesh T., Ganz, Leonard, Garan, Hasan, Garcia-Tsao, Guadalupe, Geisler, William M., Gelfand, Joel M., George, Tony P., Gepstein, Lior, Gertz, Morie A., Ghanem, Khalil G., Gharavi, Ali G., Ghossein, Cybele, Gill, Christopher J., Ginsburg, Geoffrey S., Glesby, Marshall J., Gnann, John W., Jr., Goldman, David L., Goldman, Lee, Goldstein, Larry B., Gordon, Anthony C., Gotlib, Jason, Gotuzzo, Eduardo, Grasemann, Hartmut, Green-McKenzie, Judith, Greenberg, Harry B., Greenberg, Steven A., Greer, David M., Greysen, S. Ryan, Griffin, Marie R., Griggs, Robert C., Grossman, Daniel, Guay-Woodford, Lisa M., Gulick, Roy M., Haake, David A., Hagman, Melissa M., Hagspiel, Klaus D., Harris, Raymond C., Havers, Fiona P., Heath, Elisabeth I., Hecht, Frederick M., Hensrud, Donald D., Hess, Jeremy, Hewlett, Erik L., Hift, Richard J., Hill, David R., Hill, Nicholas S., Hillyer, Christopher D., Hirsch, Hans H., Hoeper, Marius M., Hoit, Brian D., Holers, V. Michael, Holland, Steven M., Hollenberg, Anthony N., Hollenberg, Steven M., Howard, Jo, Hunter, David J., Hussain, Khalid, Iannuzzi, Michael C., Inman, Robert D., Inouye, Sharon K., Ison, Michael G., Jen, Joanna C., Jensen, Dennis M., Jensen, Michael D., Jensen, Robert T., Johnston, S. Claiborne, Jones, Robin L., Jordan, Richard C., Kahi, Charles J., Kaiser, Laurent, Kaminski, Henry J., Kamya, Moses R., Kao, Louise W., Kaplan, Steven A., Kastner, Daniel L., Katzka, David A., Katzman, Debra K., Kaushansky, Kenneth, Kaye, Keith S., Keating, Armand, Kelley, Robin K., Kennedy, Richard B., Khuri, Fadlo R., Kim, Rose, Kirchhoff, Louis V., Kirking, Hannah, Kirtane, Ajay J., Kishnani, Priya S., Klausner, Jeffrey D., Klion, Amy D., Klompas, Michael, Knopman, David S., Ko, Christine J., Kodali, Susheel, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., Koppel, Barbara S., Korenblat, Kevin M., Korf, Bruce R., Kortepeter, Mark G., Koshy, Anita A., Kottilil, Shyamasundaran, Kovacs, Joseph A., Kovacs, Thomas O., Kowdley, Kris V., Kraft, Monica, Kramer, Christopher M., Krasnewich, Donna M., Kraus, William E., Krause, Peter J., Kroger, Andrew T., Kroshinsky, Daniela, Kuemmerle, John F., Kuipers, Ernst J., Kutner, Jean S., Laheru, Daniel, Lampert, Rachel, Landefeld, C. Seth, Landovitz, Raphael J., Landry, Donald W., Lange, Richard A., Lee, Hochang B., Lee, Nelson, Levey, Andrew S., Levine, Stephanie M., Lichtenstein, Gary R., Liebmann, Jeffrey M., Liebschutz, Jane M., Lim, Henry W., Lima, Aldo A.M., Limaye, Ajit P., Limdi, Nita A., Link, Mark S., Liu, Catherine, Lloyd-Jones, Donald M., Lopez, Fred A., Louie, Arnold, Lyness, Jeffrey M., MacKenzie, C. Ronald, MacLennan, Calman A., MacMillan, Harriet L., Madoff, Robert D., Maher, Jacquelyn, Maier, Lisa A., Maldarelli, Frank, Malhotra, Atul, Manary, Mark J., Marcos, Luis A., Marelli, Ariane J., Marks, Andrew R., Marschall, Jonas, Martin, Paul, Martinez, Fernando J., Mason, Joel B., Masur, Henry, Mathers, Amy J., Matthay, Michael A., McCool, F. Dennis, McInnes, Iain B., McLaughlin, Vallerie, McMichael, Amy, McMurray, John J.V., McQuaid, Kenneth R., Mead, Paul S., Means, Robert T., Jr., Melia, Michael T., Mellinghoff, Ingo K., Melton, Genevieve B., Merrick, Samuel T., Miceli, Marisa H., Michel, Marc, Mokdad, Ali H., Moy, Ernest, Mukherjee, Debabrata, Murr, Andrew H., Myerburg, Robert J., Nadeau, Kari C., Nath, Avindra, Neal-Perry, Genevieve, Neilson, Eric G., Nelson, Christina A., Nelson, David B., Nelson, Lewis S., Nestler, Eric J., Neuzil, Kathleen M., Nieman, Lynnette K., Niven, Alexander S., O’Connor, Christopher M., O’Connor, Francis G., O’Connor, Patrick G., O’Donnell, Anne E., O’Donnell, James S., Oh, Jae K., Okun, Michael S., O’Leary, Sean T., Olgin, Jeffrey E., Olivier, Kenneth N., Olivotto, Iacopo, Olsen, Nancy J., Orenstein, Walter A., Ortel, Thomas L., O’Shea, John J., Osmon, Douglas R., Ostrem, Jill L., Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Otto, Catherine M., Ottolini, Martin G., Ovsyannikova, Inna G., Pappas, Peter G., Park, Ben Ho, Patel, Robin, Patterson, Thomas F., Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel, Payne, Thomas H., Pearce, Elizabeth N., Pearson, Richard D., Perl, Trish M., Petersen, Brett W., Petri, William A., Jr., Pfeffer, Marc A., Philips, Jennifer A., Pisetsky, David S., Pletcher, Steven D., Plumb, Ian D., Poland, Gregory A., Powell, Frank, Pyeritz, Reed E., Quinn, Thomas C., Racaniello, Vincent, Radhakrishnan, Jai, Radich, Jerald, Rafailidis, Petros I., Raghu, Ganesh, Ragni, Margaret V., Rahman, Proton, Rajkumar, S. Vincent, Ralston, Stuart H., Raoult, Didier, Reboli, Annette C., Reddy, K. Rajender, Redelmeier, Donald A., Redlich, Carrie A., Reilly, John, Reller, Megan E., Reno, Hilary E.L., Resnick, Neil M., Rice, Louis B., Roach, E. Steve, Robinson, Jennifer G., Rogatsky, Inez, Rogers, Joseph G., Rolain, Jean-Marc, Rollins, Barrett J., Romero, José R., Rosen, Jennifer B., Rosenthal, Philip J., Russell, James A., Rustgi, Anil K., Safer, Joshua D., Saini, Sarbjit S., Salmon, Jane E., Salvana, Edsel Maurice T., Santoro, Nanette, Santucci, Peter A., Sarnak, Mark J., Savage, Kerry J., Savard, Patrice, Sawka, Michael N., Scanlon, Paul D., Schafer, Andrew I., Schiff, Manuel, Schilsky, Michael L., Schneider, Thomas Rudolf, Schooley, Robert T., Schriger, David L., Schuchter, Lynn M., Schwartz, Lawrence B., Seas, Carlos, Seifert, Steven A., Seifter, Julian Lawrence, Selcen, Duygu, Selim, Magdy, Semrad, Carol E., Sepulveda, Jorge, Shaw, Pamela J., Shaz, Beth H., Sheridan, Robert L., Sherman, Stuart, Shojania, Kaveh G., Shopsin, Bo, Shy, Michael E., Sidransky, Ellen, Sifri, Costi D., Siliciano, Robert F., Simel, David L., Skorecki, Karl, Slawski, Barbara A., Slutsky, Arthur S., Smetana, Gerald W., Smith, A. Gordon, Smith, Stephen R., Southwick, Frederick S., Spiegel, Allen M., Spiera, Robert, Spinola, Stanley M., Spong, Catherine Y., Stabler, Sally P., Stark, Paul, St. Clair, E. William, Steiner, Theodore S., Stephens, David S., Stevens, David A., Stevens, Dennis L., Stokes, M. Barry, Stoller, James K., Stone, John H., Stone, Richard M., Su, Edwin P., Swerdloff, Ronald S., Swygard, Heidi, Sykes, Megan, Talbot, H. Keipp, Tamimi, Rulla M., Tanofsky-Kraff, Marian, Tarlo, Susan M., Taylor, Stephanie N., Teirstein, Paul S., Telford, Sam R., III, Thakker, Rajesh V., Therrien, Judith, Thompson, George R., III, Tormoehlen, Laura, Tosti, Antonella, Trehan, Indi, Umpierrez, Guillermo E., Valeri, Anthony Michael, Varga, John, Vaughn, Bradley V., Venook, Alan P., Verbalis, Joseph G., Vose, Julie M., Wachter, Robert M., Walsh, B. Timothy, Walsh, Edward E., Walsh, Thomas J., Walston, Jeremy D., Walter, Roland B., Wang, Christina, Wang, Kenneth K., Ware, Lorraine B., Warren, Cirle A., Watkins, Paul B., Weber, Thomas J., Weimer, Louis H., Weinberg, Geoffrey A., Weinstein, Robert S., Weiss, Roger D., Weiss, Roy E., Weitz, Jeffrey I., Welt, Frederick G.P., Wenzel, Richard P., Werth, Victoria P., West, Sterling G., White, A. Clinton, Jr., White, Christopher J., White, Julian, White, Perrin C., Whitley, Richard J., Whyte, Michael P., Wiebe, Samuel, Wiener-Kronish, Jeanine P., Wilber, David J., Wilcox, Mark H., Winikoff, Beverly, Winter, Jane N., Wittink, Marsha N., Wolff, Tracy A., Wolin, Edward M., Wormser, Gary P., Yancy, Clyde W., Young, Neal S., Young, Vincent B., Young, William F., Jr., Yu, Alan S.L., Zimetbaum, Peter, and Zucker, Jane R.

Published
2024
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27. Contributors

Author

Aagaard, Kjersti, primary, Abrahamian, Fredrick M., additional, Allos, Ban Mishu, additional, Andes, David R., additional, Aoki, Fred Y., additional, Apicella, Michael A., additional, Ard, Kevin L., additional, Arias, Cesar A., additional, Aronoff, David M., additional, Augenbraun, Michael H., additional, Averhoff, Francisco, additional, Azar, Dimitri T., additional, Baddour, Larry M., additional, Baden, Lindsey R., additional, Baker, Carol J., additional, Ballard, Ronald C., additional, Barber, Gerard R., additional, Barnes, Scott D., additional, Barouch, Dan H., additional, Barrett, Alan D., additional, Barshak, Miriam Baron, additional, Basavaraju, Sridhar V., additional, Batteiger, Byron E., additional, Baum, Stephen G., additional, Bayer, Arnold S., additional, Beckham, J. David, additional, Beekmann, Susan E., additional, Bell, Beth P., additional, Bennett, John E., additional, Bente, Dennis A., additional, Berbari, Elie F., additional, Berman, Jonathan, additional, Bertino, Joseph S., additional, Bhimraj, Adarsh, additional, Birdsall, Holly H., additional, Bisno, Alan L., additional, Blackburn, Brian G., additional, Blanton, Lucas S., additional, Blaser, Martin J., additional, Bleck, Thomas P., additional, Blijlevens, Nicole M.A., additional, Bobak, David A., additional, Bonnez, William, additional, Boothroyd, John C., additional, Borio, Luciana L., additional, Bosque, Patrick J., additional, Bower, John, additional, Bradsher, Robert W., additional, Brook, Itzhak, additional, Brown, Kevin E., additional, Brown, Patricia D., additional, Brown-Elliott, Barbara A., additional, Bruhn, Roberta L., additional, Bryant, Amy E., additional, Burd, Eileen M., additional, Burns, Jane C., additional, Bush, Larry M., additional, Calderwood, Stephen B., additional, Cano, Luz Elena, additional, Carpenter, Charles C.J., additional, Caserta, Mary T., additional, Castagnola, Elio, additional, Chaisson, Richard E., additional, Chambers, Henry F., additional, Chapman, Stephen J., additional, Chappell, James D., additional, Chen, Lea Ann, additional, Chen, Sharon C-A, additional, Chow, Anthony W., additional, Clark, Rebecca A., additional, Cohen, Jeffrey I., additional, Cohen, Myron S., additional, Cohen-Poradosu, Ronit, additional, Cohn, Susan E., additional, Connors, Mark, additional, Corey, Lawrence, additional, Cottrell, Mackenzie L., additional, Cover, Timothy L., additional, Cox, Heather L., additional, Craig, William A., additional, Crossley, Kent B., additional, Crumpacker, Clyde S., additional, Curran, James W., additional, Currie, Bart J., additional, D'Agata, Erika, additional, Damon, Inger K., additional, Darouiche, Rabih O., additional, DeBiasi, Roberta L., additional, Deepe, George S., additional, del Rio, Carlos, additional, Delemos, Andrew S., additional, DeLeo, Frank R., additional, DeMuri, Gregory P., additional, Densen, Peter, additional, Dermody, Terence S., additional, Dewar, Robin, additional, Diaz, James H., additional, Dieffenbach, Carl W., additional, Dienstag, Jules L., additional, Doi, Yohei, additional, Dolin, Raphael, additional, Donnelly, J. Peter, additional, Donnenberg, Michael S., additional, Donowitz, Gerald R., additional, Dormitzer, Philip R., additional, Drake, James M., additional, Dumler, J. Stephen, additional, Dummer, J. Stephen, additional, DuPont, Herbert L., additional, Durack, David T., additional, Durand, Marlene L., additional, Edelstein, Paul H., additional, Edmond, Michael B., additional, Edwards, John E., additional, Edwards, Morven S., additional, Eliopoulos, George M., additional, Ellison, Richard T., additional, Endy, Timothy P., additional, Engleberg, N. Cary, additional, Erdem, Hakan, additional, Ernst, Joel D., additional, Ernst, Peter B., additional, Fairhurst, Rick M., additional, Fairley, Jessica K., additional, Falkow, Stanley, additional, Falsey, Ann R., additional, Fauci, Anthony S., additional, Fekete, Thomas, additional, Fey, Paul D., additional, Fine, Steven M., additional, Fitzgerald, Daniel W., additional, Flores, Anthony R., additional, Forster, Derek, additional, Fowler, Vance G., additional, Freedman, David O., additional, Friedlander, Arthur M., additional, Galgiani, John N., additional, Gallin, John I., additional, Gallo, Robert C., additional, Gandhi, Tejal N., additional, Garrett, Wendy S., additional, Gaydos, Charlotte A., additional, Geisbert, Thomas W., additional, Gelfand, Jeffrey A., additional, Gelone, Steven P., additional, Gerding, Dale N., additional, Gershon, Anne A., additional, Gilsdorf, Janet R., additional, Goldstein, Ellie J.C., additional, Gordin, Fred M., additional, Graman, Paul S., additional, Grayson, M. Lindsay, additional, Greene, Jeffrey Bruce, additional, Griffin, Patricia M., additional, Griffith, David E., additional, Guerrant, Richard L., additional, Gul, H. Cem, additional, Haake, David A., additional, Haas, David W., additional, Haines, Charles, additional, Hall, Caroline Breese, additional, Hallak, Joelle, additional, Halperin, Scott A., additional, Hammerschlag, Margaret R., additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, Harris, Jason B., additional, Hawkins, Claudia, additional, Hay, Roderick J., additional, Hedberg, Craig W., additional, Henderson, David K., additional, Henderson, Donald A., additional, High, Kevin P., additional, Hill, Adrian V.S., additional, Hill, David R., additional, Hinman, Alan R., additional, Hirsch, Martin S., additional, Hodowanec, Aimee, additional, Hohl, Tobias M., additional, Holland, Steven M., additional, Holzman, Robert S., additional, Hook, Edward W., additional, Hooper, David C., additional, Hooton, Thomas M., additional, Horowitz, Harold W., additional, Horsburgh, C. Robert, additional, Horton, James M., additional, Hospenthal, Duane R., additional, Hsueh, Kevin, additional, Hughes, James M., additional, Hynes, Noreen A., additional, Iovine, Nicole M., additional, Iredell, Jonathan R., additional, Ison, Michael G., additional, Janda, J. Michael, additional, Janoff, Edward N., additional, Johannsen, Eric C., additional, Kashuba, Angela D.M., additional, Kasper, Dennis L., additional, Kaye, Donald, additional, Kaye, Keith S., additional, Kaye, Kenneth M., additional, Kazura, James W., additional, Keystone, Jay S., additional, Khabbaz, Rima, additional, Khan, David A., additional, Khudyakov, Yury, additional, Kim, Rose, additional, King, Charles H., additional, Kirchhoff, Louis V., additional, Klein, Jerome O., additional, Klompas, Michael, additional, Knoll, Bettina M., additional, Knowlton, Kirk U., additional, Koehler, Jane E., additional, Kohlhoff, Stephan A., additional, Könönen, Eija, additional, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., additional, Koralnik, Igor J., additional, Korpe, Poonum S., additional, Koshy, Anita A., additional, Kovacs, Joseph A., additional, Kozarsky, Phyllis, additional, Krieger, John, additional, Kroger, Andrew T., additional, Kuehnert, Matthew J., additional, Kumar, Nalin M., additional, Kuruvilla, Merin Elizabeth, additional, LaRocque, Regina C., additional, Leggett, James E., additional, Legido-Quigley, Helena, additional, Levett, Paul N., additional, Levine, Donald P., additional, Levison, Matthew E., additional, Levitt, Alexandra, additional, Lewis, Russell E., additional, Liles, W. Conrad, additional, Lima, Aldo A.M., additional, Limaye, Ajit P., additional, Lipkin, W. Ian, additional, Litman, Nathan, additional, Lorber, Bennett, additional, Luna, Ruth Ann, additional, MacDougall, Conan, additional, Roy, Rob, additional, Mackowiak, Philip A., additional, Madoff, Lawrence C., additional, Magill, Alan J., additional, Maguire, James H., additional, Maldarelli, Frank, additional, Markoff, Lewis, additional, Marrazzo, Jeanne M., additional, Marrie, Thomas J., additional, Marth, Thomas, additional, Martin, David H., additional, Martin, Gregory J., additional, Marty, Francisco M., additional, Maslow, Melanie Jane, additional, Masur, Henry, additional, Mawle, Alison, additional, Mayer, Kenneth H., additional, McBride, John T., additional, McCarthy, James S., additional, McCormack, William M., additional, McGowan, Catherine C., additional, McIntosh, Kenneth, additional, Mead, Paul S., additional, Mikulska, Malgorzata, additional, Miller, Robert F., additional, Miller, Samuel I., additional, Mitchell, David H., additional, Modlin, John F., additional, Mody, Rajal K., additional, Moellering, Robert C., additional, Moffa, Matthew, additional, Moir, Susan, additional, Montoya, José G., additional, Moore, Thomas A., additional, Moreillon, Philippe, additional, Morris, J. Glenn, additional, Morse, Caryn Gee, additional, Moseley, Robin, additional, Munford, Robert S., additional, Murphy, Edward L., additional, Murphy, Timothy F., additional, Murray, Barbara E., additional, Murray, Clinton K., additional, Murray, Patrick R., additional, Musher, Daniel M., additional, Nagel, Jerod L., additional, Nannini, Esteban C., additional, Narezkina, Anna, additional, Nash, Theodore E., additional, Nauseef, William M., additional, Nayak, Jennifer L., additional, Neill, Marguerite A., additional, O'Donnell, Judith A., additional, Ohl, Christopher A., additional, Okhuysen, Pablo C., additional, Onderdonk, Andrew B., additional, Opal, Steven M., additional, Orenstein, Walter A., additional, Osmon, Douglas R., additional, Osterholm, Michael T., additional, Ostroff, Stephen M., additional, Oxman, Michael N., additional, Paessler, Slobodan, additional, Page, Andrea V., additional, Pai, Manjunath P., additional, Palmore, Tara N., additional, Palraj, Raj, additional, Pappas, Peter G., additional, Pasternack, Mark S., additional, Patterson, Thomas F., additional, Pavan-Langston, Deborah, additional, Pegues, David A., additional, Penn, Robert L., additional, Perfect, John R., additional, Perlman, Stanley, additional, Petersen, Brett W., additional, Peterson, Phillip K., additional, Petri, William A., additional, Petti, Cathy A., additional, Philips, Jennifer A., additional, Philley, Julie V., additional, Phillips, Michael, additional, Pickering, Larry K., additional, Piot, Peter, additional, Pogue, Jason M., additional, Pop-Vicas, Aurora, additional, Portal-Celhay, Cynthia, additional, Powers, John H., additional, Price, Richard N., additional, Que, Yok-Ai, additional, Radolf, Justin D., additional, Ram, Sanjay, additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Ravdin, Jonathan I., additional, Ray, Stuart C., additional, Reboli, Annette C., additional, Reitz, Marvin S., additional, Relman, David A., additional, Renault, Cybèle A., additional, Restrepo, Angela, additional, Rex, John H., additional, Rhee, Elizabeth G., additional, Roberts, Norbert J., additional, Romero, José R., additional, Rothman, Alan L., additional, Roy, Craig R., additional, Ruoff, Kathryn L., additional, Rupp, Mark E., additional, Rupprecht, Charles E., additional, Russo, Thomas A., additional, Rutala, William A., additional, Ryan, Edward T., additional, Safdar, Amar, additional, Sajadi, Mohammad M., additional, Salazar, Juan C., additional, Sarria, Juan Carlos, additional, Savoia, Maria C., additional, Sax, Paul E., additional, Scheld, W. Michael, additional, Schiffer, Joshua T., additional, Schlossberg, David, additional, Schneider, Thomas, additional, Schuchat, Anne, additional, Schwebke, Jane R., additional, Sears, Cynthia L., additional, Segal, Leopoldo N., additional, Sendi, Parham, additional, Sepkowitz, Kent A., additional, Septimus, Edward J., additional, Seregin, Alexey, additional, Shulman, Stanford T., additional, Siberry, George K., additional, Siddiqi, Omar K., additional, Sifri, Costi D., additional, Simberkoff, Michael S., additional, Simonetti, Francesco R., additional, Singh, Kamaljit, additional, Singh, Nina, additional, Singh, Upinder, additional, Sinner, Scott W., additional, Sivapalasingam, Sumathi, additional, Slater, Leonard N., additional, Smulian, A. George, additional, Sobel, Jack D., additional, Sohail, M. Rizwan, additional, Soper, David E., additional, Sorrell, Tania C., additional, Steckelberg, James M., additional, Steere, Allen C., additional, Steigbigel, Neal H., additional, Steinberg, James P., additional, Stephens, David S., additional, Sterling, Timothy R., additional, Stevens, David A., additional, Stevens, Dennis L., additional, Strahilevitz, Jacob, additional, Stratton, Charles W., additional, Suffredini, Anthony F., additional, Suh, Kathryn N., additional, Sulkowski, Mark S., additional, Swartz, Morton N., additional, Talbot, Thomas R., additional, Tan, C. Sabrina, additional, Tan, Ming, additional, Thio, Chloe Lynne, additional, Thomas, David L., additional, Thomas, Lora D., additional, Thomas, Stephen J., additional, Thorner, Anna R., additional, María Tobón, Angela, additional, Tramont, Edmund C., additional, Treanor, John J., additional, Trubiano, Jason, additional, Tsibris, Athe M.N., additional, Tunkel, Allan R., additional, Turner, Ronald B., additional, Tyler, Kenneth L., additional, Uluer, Ahmet, additional, van de Beek, Diederik, additional, van der Velden, Walter J.F.M., additional, Vannier, Edouard G., additional, Van, Trevor C., additional, Versalovic, James, additional, Viscoli, Claudio, additional, Wald, Ellen R., additional, Waldor, Matthew K., additional, Walker, David H., additional, Wallace, Richard J., additional, Walsh, Edward E., additional, Walsh, Stephen R., additional, Walzer, Peter D., additional, Wanke, Christine A., additional, Warren, Cirle A., additional, Washburn, Ronald G., additional, Waters, Valerie, additional, Weber, David J., additional, Weiden, Michael D., additional, Weinberg, Geoffrey A., additional, Weisdorf, Daniel J., additional, Weiss, Louis M., additional, Welch, David F., additional, Wellems, Thomas E., additional, Wenzel, Richard P., additional, Wharton, Melinda, additional, White, A. Clinton, additional, Whitley, Richard J., additional, Wilson, Walter R., additional, Wortmann, Glenn W., additional, Wright, William F., additional, Young, Jo-Anne H., additional, Young, Vincent B., additional, Yun, Nadezhda, additional, Zimmerli, Werner, additional, Zinner, Stephen H., additional, and Zurlo, John J., additional

Published
2015
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30. Malnutrition as an enteric infectious disease with long-term effects on child development

Author

Guerrant, Richard L., Oria, Reinaldo B., Moore, Sean R., Oria, Monica O.B., and Lima, Aldo A.M.

Subjects
Child development -- Research, Colorectal diseases -- Risk factors, Colorectal diseases -- Complications and side effects, Gastrointestinal diseases -- Risk factors, Gastrointestinal diseases -- Complications and side effects, Malnutrition -- Complications and side effects, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Malnutrition is a major contributor to mortality and is increasingly recognized as a cause of potentially lifelong functional disability. Yet, a rate-limiting step in achieving normal nutrition may be impaired absorptive function due to multiple repeated enteric infections. This is especially problematic in children whose diets are marginal. In malnourished individuals, the infections are even more devastating. This review documents the evidence that intestinal infections lead to malnutrition and that malnutrition worsens intestinal infections. The clinical data presented here derive largely from long-term cohort studies that are supported by controlled animal studies. Also reviewed are the mechanisms by which enteric infections lead to undernutrition and by which malnutrition worsens enteric infections, with implications for potential novel interventions. Further intervention studies are needed to document the relevance of these mechanisms and, most importantly, to interrupt the vicious diarrhea-malnutrition cycle so children may develop their full potential.

Published
2008

40. Contributors

Author

Abrams, Charles S., primary, Accurso, Frank J., additional, Afdhal, Nezam H., additional, Akin, Cem, additional, Aksamit, Allen J., additional, Al-Awqati, Qais, additional, Allos, Ban Mishu, additional, Altshuler, David, additional, Aminoff, Michael J., additional, Anderson, Jeffrey L., additional, Anderson, Karl E., additional, Anderson, Larry J., additional, Antman, Karen H., additional, Antony, Aśok C., additional, Appel, Gerald B., additional, Appelbaum, Frederick R., additional, Arend, William P., additional, Arguin, Paul, additional, Armitage, James O., additional, Armstrong, Cheryl A., additional, Arnaout, M. Amin, additional, Arnold, Robert, additional, Atkins, David, additional, Atkinson, William L., additional, Ausiello, Dennis, additional, Bacon, Bruce R., additional, Bagby, Grover C., additional, Bain, Barbara J., additional, Bajorin, Dean F., additional, Ballow, Mark, additional, Baloh, Robert W., additional, Barasch, Jonathan, additional, Barbano, Richard L., additional, Baron, Murray G., additional, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, additional, Barry, Michael J., additional, Barshop, Bruce A., additional, Bartlett, John G., additional, Barton, Mary, additional, Basner, Robert C., additional, Baum, Stephen G., additional, Bausch, Daniel G., additional, Bayer, Arnold S., additional, Bazari, Hasan, additional, Beigel, John H., additional, Beller, George A., additional, Bennett, Robert M., additional, Berger, Joseph R., additional, Berk, Paul, additional, Berliner, Nancy, additional, Bernat, James L., additional, Bierman, Philip J., additional, Bistrian, Bruce R., additional, Biundo, Joseph J., additional, Blanke, Charles D., additional, Blankson, Joel N., additional, Blaser, Martin J., additional, Blattner, William A., additional, Bleck, Thomas P., additional, Boden, William E., additional, Boland, C. Richard, additional, Bolognia, Jean, additional, Bonomo, Robert, additional, Borish, Larry, additional, Bosque, Patrick J., additional, Brand, Randall, additional, Brook, Itzhak, additional, Brunetti, Enrico, additional, Buchner, David M., additional, Buffet, Pierre A., additional, Bunn, H. Franklin, additional, Calabresi, Peter A., additional, Calfee, David P., additional, Calkins, Hugh, additional, Cameron, Douglas, additional, Camilleri, Michael, additional, Cannon, Grant W., additional, Cappellini, Maria Domenica, additional, Carabello, Blase A., additional, Carvalho, Edgar M., additional, Castellanos, Agustin, additional, Chalasani, Naga P., additional, Chambers, Henry, additional, Charlson, Mary, additional, Cheshire, William P., additional, Chinnery, Patrick F., additional, Christiani, David C., additional, Clemmons, David R., additional, Cohen, Jeffrey, additional, Cohen, Myron S., additional, Cohen, Steven P., additional, Cohn, Steven L., additional, Colebunders, Robert, additional, Connors, Joseph M., additional, Cook, Deborah J., additional, Corey, C. Ralph, additional, Cowan, Kenneth H., additional, Craig, William A., additional, Croft, Simon L., additional, Crow, Mary K., additional, Crump, John A., additional, Cullen, Mark R., additional, Curhan, Gary C., additional, Damon, Inger K., additional, Daniels, Troy E., additional, Davidson, Nancy, additional, DeAngelis, Lisa M., additional, DeCamp, Malcolm M., additional, Del Rio, Carlos, additional, Demetri, George D., additional, Demling, Robert H., additional, Deuster, Patricia A., additional, Diasio, Robert B., additional, Diemert, David J., additional, Digre, Kathleen B., additional, Douglas, John M., additional, Drazen, Jeffrey M., additional, Dreskin, Stephen C., additional, Drew, W. Lawrence, additional, Drusano, George L., additional, DuBose, Thomas D., additional, Duffy, F. Daniel, additional, DuPont, Herbert L., additional, Duvic, Madeleine, additional, Edwards, Kathryn M., additional, Edwards, N. Lawrence, additional, Einhorn, Lawrence H., additional, Elin, Ronald J., additional, Eliopoulos, George M., additional, Elliott, Perry, additional, Ellner, Jerrold J., additional, Elsas, Louis J., additional, Elston, Dirk M., additional, Emanuel, Ezekiel J., additional, Erickson, Gregory F., additional, Ernst, Armin, additional, Ernst, Joel D., additional, Ettinger, David S., additional, Evoli, Amelia, additional, Faigel, Douglas O., additional, Falk, Gary W., additional, Favus, Murray J., additional, Feder, Gene, additional, Fihn, Stephan D., additional, Firestein, Gary S., additional, Fishman, Neil, additional, Fleisher, Lee A., additional, Ford, Marsha D., additional, Forsmark, Chris E., additional, Fowler, Vance G., additional, Fox, Jay W., additional, Franco, Manuel A., additional, French, Martyn A., additional, Freund, Karen, additional, Fried, Linda P., additional, Gabay, Cem, additional, Gage, Kenneth L., additional, Gagel, Robert F., additional, Galgiani, John N., additional, Gallagher, Patrick G., additional, Galun, Eithan, additional, Ganz, Leonard, additional, Garcia-Tsao, Guadalupe, additional, Gates, Jonathan D., additional, Geisler, William M., additional, George, Tony P., additional, Gerding, Dale N., additional, Gershwin, M. Eric, additional, Gertz, Morie A., additional, Ginder, Gordon D., additional, Ginsberg, Jeffrey, additional, Ginsburg, Geoffrey S., additional, Glogauer, Michael, additional, Gnann, John W., additional, Golden, Matthew R., additional, Goldman, Lee, additional, Goldstein, Ellie J., additional, Goodnough, Lawrence T., additional, Goronzy, Jörg J., additional, Gotuzzo, Eduardo, additional, Grady, Deborah, additional, Grammer, Leslie C., additional, Greco, F. Anthony, additional, Greenberg, Harry B., additional, Gregersen, Peter K., additional, Griggs, Robert C., additional, Guay-Woodford, Lisa M., additional, Guerrant, Richard L., additional, Hadigan, Colleen, additional, Hainsworth, John D., additional, Hamsten, Anders, additional, Hande, Kenneth R., additional, Handsfield, H. Hunter, additional, Hansson, Göran K., additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, Harris, Raymond C., additional, Hauser, Stephen Crane, additional, Hayden, Frederick G., additional, Healey, Letha, additional, Heimburger, Douglas C., additional, Hewlett, Erik L., additional, Hill, David R., additional, Hill, Nicholas S., additional, Hillis, L. David, additional, Hirsh, Jack, additional, Holers, V. Michael, additional, Holland, Steven M., additional, Hollenberg, Steven, additional, Hook, Edward W., additional, Huang, Laurence, additional, Hudson, Leonard D., additional, Hyman, Steven E., additional, Iannuzzi, Michael, additional, Inman, Robert D., additional, Inouye, Sharon K., additional, Insogna, Karl L., additional, Inzucchi, Silvio E., additional, Isselbacher, Eric M., additional, Jemal, Ahmedin, additional, Jen, Joanna, additional, Jensen, Dennis M., additional, Jensen, Michael D., additional, Jensen, Robert T., additional, Jessup, Mariell, additional, Johnson, Stuart, additional, Józefowicz, Ralph F., additional, Kaler, Stephen G., additional, Kamya, Moses R., additional, Kantarjian, Hagop, additional, Karp, David R., additional, Kastner, Daniel L., additional, Katzka, David A., additional, Katzman, Debra K., additional, Kauffman, Carol A., additional, Kaushansky, Kenneth, additional, Keeffe, Emmet B., additional, Kern, Morton, additional, Keusch, Gerald T., additional, Kim, David H., additional, Kim, Matthew, additional, Kirchhoff, Louis V., additional, Klag, Michael J., additional, Klein, Samuel, additional, Knopman, David S., additional, Knox, Tamsin A., additional, Ko, Albert I., additional, Komrokji, Rami S., additional, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., additional, Koppel, Barbara S., additional, Korenblat, Kevin, additional, Korf, Bruce R., additional, Korman, Neil J., additional, Kovacs, Joseph A., additional, Kraft, Monica, additional, Kramer, Christopher M., additional, Krasnewich, Donna M., additional, Krause, Peter J., additional, Kronenberg, Henry M., additional, Kuipers, Ernst J., additional, Ladenson, Paul, additional, Landry, Donald W., additional, Lane, Nancy E., additional, Lang, Anthony E., additional, Lange, Richard A., additional, Lawry, George V., additional, Lee, Thomas H., additional, Lee, William M., additional, Leggett, James, additional, Lerner, Adam, additional, Levin, Stuart, additional, Levine, Stephanie M., additional, Lichtenstein, Gary R., additional, Lim, Henry W., additional, Lima, Aldo A.M., additional, Limper, Andrew H., additional, Ling, Geoffrey S.F., additional, List, Alan F., additional, Little, William C., additional, Loeser, Richard F., additional, Lorber, Bennett, additional, Low, Donald E., additional, Lucey, Daniel R., additional, Lupski, James R., additional, Lynch, Henry T., additional, Lyness, Jeffrey M., additional, Lytle, Bruce W., additional, MacKenzie, C. Ronald, additional, MacMillan, Harriet, additional, Madoff, Robert D., additional, Mahowald, Mark W., additional, Malhotra, Atul, additional, Mandell, Lionel A., additional, Manu, Peter, additional, Marcus, Marsha D., additional, Marelli, Ariane J., additional, Markman, Maurie, additional, Marks, Andrew R., additional, Marr, Kieren A., additional, Marrie, Thomas J., additional, Martin, Paul, additional, Mason, Joel B., additional, Massie, Barry M., additional, Masur, Henry, additional, Matteson, Eric L., additional, Maurer, Toby, additional, Mayer, Emeran A., additional, McClave, Stephen A., additional, McCool, F. Dennis, additional, McCulloch, Charles E., additional, McGuigan, Michael A., additional, McHutchison, John, additional, McKenna, William, additional, McLaughlin, Vallerie, additional, McMurray, John J.V., additional, McNaughton-Collins, Mary, additional, McQuaid, Kenneth, additional, Miller, Frederick W., additional, Minaker, Kenneth L., additional, Mink, Jonathan W., additional, Mishell, Daniel R., additional, Mitch, William E., additional, Molitch, Mark E., additional, Molitoris, Bruce A., additional, Montoya, José G., additional, Morady, Fred, additional, Moscow, Jeffrey A., additional, Murr, Andrew H., additional, Myerburg, Robert J., additional, Naguwa, Stanley, additional, Naides, Stanley J., additional, Nash, Theodore E., additional, Nath, Avindra, additional, Neilson, Eric G., additional, Neinstein, Lawrence S., additional, Newman, Thomas B., additional, Nichols, William L., additional, Nieman, Lynnette K., additional, Niewoehner, Dennis E., additional, Norrby, S. Ragnar, additional, Norris, David A., additional, O’Brien, Susan, additional, O’Connor, Francis G., additional, O’Connor, Patrick G., additional, O'Dell, James R., additional, O'Donnell, Anne E., additional, Oh, Jae K., additional, Olgin, Jeffrey E., additional, Olin, Jeffrey W., additional, Orenstein, Walter A., additional, Osmon, Douglas R., additional, Otto, Catherine M., additional, Paget, Stephen A., additional, Papania, Mark, additional, Pappas, Peter G., additional, Pasricha, Pankaj Jay, additional, Paterson, David L., additional, Patrono, Carlo, additional, Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel, additional, Pearson, Richard D., additional, Perencevich, Eli N., additional, Perl, Trish M., additional, Perry, Michael C., additional, Petri, William A., additional, Pfeffer, Marc A., additional, Pickhardt, Perry J., additional, Pier, Gerald B., additional, Pisetsky, David S., additional, Posner, Marshall R., additional, Prather, Charlene, additional, Pruitt, Basil A., additional, Pyeritz, Reed E., additional, Quinn, Thomas C., additional, Radhakrishnan, Jai, additional, Raghu, Ganesh, additional, Ragni, Margaret V., additional, Raja, Srinivasa N., additional, Rajkumar, S. Vincent, additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Rebar, Robert W., additional, Reboli, Annette C., additional, Reddy, K. Rajender, additional, Redelmeier, Donald A., additional, Reef, Susan E., additional, Resnick, Neil M., additional, Reuben, David B., additional, Reynolds, Herbert Y., additional, Rivers, Emanuel P., additional, Rizza, Robert A., additional, Roberts, Lewis R., additional, Rolain, Jean-Marc, additional, Romero, José R., additional, Roodman, G. David, additional, Rosen, Clifford, additional, Rosene-Montella, Karen, additional, Rosenthal, Philip J., additional, Rothenberg, Marc E., additional, Rugo, Hope S., additional, Russell, James A., additional, Rustgi, Anil K., additional, Salata, Robert A., additional, Salmon, Jane E., additional, Santos, Renato M., additional, Sawka, Michael N., additional, Schafer, Andrew I., additional, Schaffner, William, additional, Scheld, W. Michael, additional, Schneider, Eileen, additional, Schnitzer, Thomas J., additional, Schooley, Robert T., additional, Schriger, David L., additional, Schroeder, Steven A., additional, Schuchter, Lynn M., additional, Schulman, Sam, additional, Schwartz, Lawrence B., additional, Schwartz, Robert S., additional, Seas, Carlos, additional, Seifert, Steven A., additional, Seifter, Julian L., additional, Semenkovich, Clay F., additional, Semrad, Carol E., additional, Service, F. John, additional, Shaw, George M., additional, Shaw, Pamela J., additional, Sherwin, Robert S., additional, Shy, Michael E., additional, Sibbitt, Wilmer L., additional, Sidransky, Ellen, additional, Siliciano, Robert F., additional, Simberkoff, Michael S., additional, Simel, David L., additional, Skorecki, Karl, additional, Slutsky, Arthur S., additional, Small, Eric J., additional, Smetana, Gerald W., additional, Southwick, Frederick S., additional, Spiera, Robert F., additional, Spinola, Stanley M., additional, Stankiewicz, Pawel, additional, Stark, Paul, additional, Steinbach, Lynne S., additional, Steinberg, Martin H., additional, Steiner, Theodore S., additional, Stephens, David S., additional, Stevens, David A., additional, Stevenson, William G., additional, Stillman, Arthur E., additional, Stoller, James K., additional, Stone, John H., additional, Su, Edwin P., additional, Sutter, Roland W., additional, Swartz, Morton N., additional, Swerdloff, Ronald S., additional, Sykes, Megan, additional, Tami, Thomas A., additional, Tarlo, Susan M., additional, Taylor, Victoria M., additional, Tefferi, Ayalew, additional, Teirstein, Paul S., additional, Telford, Sam R., additional, Tempero, Margaret, additional, Thun, Michael J., additional, Tolkoff-Rubin, Nina, additional, Tosti, Antonella, additional, Treanor, John J., additional, Turner, Ronald B., additional, Upton, Arthur C., additional, Van den Berghe, Greet, additional, Varga, John, additional, Vella, Adrian, additional, Verbalis, Joseph G., additional, Victor, Ronald G., additional, Vincent, Angela, additional, Volberding, Paul A., additional, Vose, Julie M., additional, Wachter, Robert M., additional, Wagner, Edward H., additional, Walsh, Edward E., additional, Walsh, Thomas J., additional, Wang, Christina, additional, Wanke, Christine, additional, Wasserman, Stephen I., additional, Wedemeyer, Heiner, additional, Weinberg, Geoffrey A., additional, Weinstein, David A., additional, Weinstein, Robert S., additional, Weiss, Roger D., additional, Weisse, Martin, additional, Weitz, Jeffrey I., additional, Wells, Samuel A., additional, Wenzel, Richard P., additional, Werth, Victoria P., additional, West, Sterling G., additional, Weyand, Cornelia M., additional, White, A. Clinton, additional, White, Christopher J., additional, White, Perrin C., additional, Whitley, Richard J., additional, Whyte, Michael P., additional, Wiebe, Samuel, additional, Wiener-Kronish, Jeanine P., additional, Wildes, Jennifer E., additional, Wilmer, Alexander, additional, Winkenwerder, William, additional, Wolfsdorf, Joseph I., additional, Wormser, Gary P., additional, Wysolmerski, John J., additional, Yanoff, Myron, additional, Young, Neal S., additional, Young, William F., additional, Yu, Alan S.L., additional, Zeidel, Mark L., additional, Zimetbaum, Peter, additional, and Zivin, Justin A., additional

Published
2012
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41. Diarrhea and reduced levels of antiretroviral drugs: improvement with glutamine or alanyl-glutamine in a randomized controlled trial in northeast Brazil

Author

Bushen, Oluma Y., Davenport, John A., Lima, Afonso Bezerra, Piscitelli, Stephen C., Uzgiris, Arejas J., Silva, Terezinha M.J., Leite, Roberio, Kosek, Margaret, Dillingham, Rebecca A., Girao, Arlete, Lima, Aldo A.M., and Guerrant, Richard L.

Subjects
Glutamine -- Health aspects, Antiviral agents -- Health aspects, HIV patients -- Health aspects, AIDS (Disease) -- Care and treatment, AIDS (Disease) -- Research, Diarrhea -- Care and treatment, Diarrhea -- Research, Health, Health care industry
Published
2004

42. Contributors

Author

Abdalla, Saad H., primary, Acrani, Gustavo Olszanski, additional, Aggarwal, Rakesh, additional, Allos, Ban Mishu, additional, Alter, Miriam J., additional, Andrus, Jon K., additional, Angel, Juana, additional, Anstead, Gregory M., additional, Arathoon, Eduardo, additional, Arruda, Eurico, additional, Arthur, Ray R., additional, Atmar, Robert L., additional, Banura, Patrick, additional, Barbour, Alan G., additional, Barrett, Alan D.T., additional, Bausch, Dan, additional, Berk, Steven L., additional, Bessong, Pascal O., additional, Bia, Frank J., additional, Bicanic, Tihana, additional, Black, Robert E., additional, Bleck, Thomas P., additional, Boggild, Andrea K., additional, Bonnez, William, additional, Bresee, Joseph S., additional, Brown, Corrie, additional, Brown, Lillian B., additional, Brunetti, Enrico, additional, Bruschi, Fabrizio, additional, Bryant, Amy E., additional, Campbell, Carlos C. (Kent), additional, Castillo-Solorzano, Carlos, additional, Cetron, Martin S., additional, Chen, Ding-Shinn, additional, Chen, Pei-Jer, additional, Chen, Xiang-Sheng, additional, Cherian, Thomas, additional, Chua, K.B., additional, Cohen, Myron S., additional, Cooke, Graham S., additional, Cooper, Chester R., additional, Cooper, Edward S., additional, Coyle, Christina M., additional, Cross†, John H., additional, Dance, David A.B., additional, Danesi, Mustapha A., additional, Dawson, Chandler R., additional, de Martel, Catherine, additional, De Quadros, Ciro A., additional, de Queiroz Sousa, Anastacio, additional, de Silva, Nilanthi R., additional, de Souza, Alexandre Leite, additional, Dehio, Christoph, additional, Diemert, David J., additional, Dillingham, Rebecca, additional, Donelson, John E., additional, Dumler, J. Stephen, additional, Duncan, Joseph A., additional, DuPont, Herbert L., additional, Durand, Marlene L., additional, Eberhard, Mark L., additional, Eby, Joshua C., additional, Edwards, Charles, additional, Eidex, Rachel B., additional, Ellner, Jerrold J., additional, Enría, Delia A., additional, Ergonul, Onder, additional, Estes, Mary K., additional, Fahal, Ahmed Hassan, additional, Farmer, Paul E., additional, Faruque, A.S.G., additional, Feldman, Charles, additional, Feldmann, Heinz, additional, Fox, Kimberley K., additional, Franceschi, Silvia, additional, Franco, Manuel A., additional, Fulhorst, Charles F., additional, Garcia, Hector H., additional, Genta, Robert M., additional, Gilman, Robert H., additional, Glass, Roger I., additional, Goddard, Jerome, additional, Gotuzzo, Eduardo, additional, Graybill, John R., additional, Greenberg, Harry B., additional, Griffiths, Paul D., additional, Gubler, Duane J., additional, Guerrant, Richard L., additional, Gutierrez, Yezid, additional, Hewlett, Erik L., additional, Heymann, David L., additional, Hill, David R., additional, Ho, Mei-Shang, additional, Hoerauf, Achim M., additional, Hoffman, Paul S., additional, Hoffman, Stephen L., additional, Holbrook, Michael R., additional, Holland, Thomas L., additional, Hopkins, Donald R., additional, Hospenthal, Duane R., additional, Hotez, Peter J., additional, Hudnall, S. David, additional, Hughes, James M., additional, Hwang, Kao-Pin, additional, Isturiz, Raul E., additional, Jahrling, Peter B., additional, Jameel, Shahid, additional, Jeronimo, Selma M.B., additional, Jones-Lopez, Edward C., additional, Kabanova, Anna, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Karp, Christopher L., additional, Kazura, James W., additional, Kern, Peter, additional, Keusch, Gerald T., additional, Keystone, Jay S., additional, Khuroo, Mehnaaz S., additional, Khuroo, Mohammad S., additional, Kim, Ik-Sang, additional, King, Charles H., additional, Kirchhoff, Louis V., additional, Klion, Amy D., additional, Klugman, Keith P., additional, Kopecko, Dennis J., additional, Kosek, Margaret, additional, Koster, Frederick T., additional, Kozarsky, Phyllis E., additional, Ksiazek, Thomas G., additional, Kuhn, Jens H., additional, Lastovica, Albert J., additional, LeDuc, James W., additional, Leone, Peter A., additional, Levett, Paul N., additional, Levin, Michael, additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Lima, Aldo A.M., additional, Lindeque, Gerhard, additional, Longworth, David L., additional, Mabey, David, additional, Maclean†, J. Dick, additional, Magill, Alan J., additional, Maguilnik, Ismael, additional, Maguiña, Ciro, additional, Maguire, James H., additional, Mahanty, Siddhartha, additional, Makino, Shinji, additional, Mandl, Christian W., additional, Marrie, Thomas J., additional, Marshall, Barry J., additional, Martin, Gregory J., additional, Matsumoto, Tadahiko, additional, Mawhorter, Steven D., additional, McCarthy, James S., additional, McGinnis, Michael R., additional, Mead, Paul S., additional, Meyers, Wayne M., additional, Miller, Robert F., additional, Miller, Samuel I., additional, Mills, James N., additional, Monath, Thomas P., additional, Moore, Christopher C., additional, Moore, Thomas A., additional, Morrill, J.C., additional, Morris, J. Glenn, additional, Murray, Megan, additional, Murrell, K. Darwin, additional, Nair, G. Balakrish, additional, Nash, Theodore E., additional, Nathan, Barnett R., additional, Negroni, Ricardo, additional, Nicholson-Weller, Anne, additional, Nucci, Marcio, additional, Nutman, Thomas B., additional, O’Farrell, Nigel, additional, Olano, Juan P., additional, Ooi, Eng Eong, additional, Ortega, Luis S., additional, Ortega, Ynés R., additional, Pallansch, Mark A., additional, Pape, Jean W., additional, Pappas, Georgios, additional, Parsonnet, Julie, additional, Pasvol, Geoffrey, additional, Peacock, Sharon J., additional, Pearson, Richard D., additional, Peeling, Rosanna W., additional, Pegues, David A., additional, Pépin, Jacques, additional, Peters, C.J., additional, Peterson, Kristine M., additional, Petri, William A., additional, Portaels, Françoise, additional, Proença-Módena, José Luiz, additional, Quinn, Thomas C., additional, Rao, G. Raghurama, additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Rappuoli, Rino, additional, Rex, John H., additional, Reynolds, Steven J., additional, Ribeiro, José M.C., additional, Roilides, Emmanuel, additional, Rollin, Pierre E., additional, Ronald, Allan R., additional, Rota, Paul A., additional, Roy, Sharon L., additional, Ruiz-Tiben, Ernesto, additional, Ryan, Edward T., additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Salam, Mohammed A., additional, Samie, Amidou, additional, Schachter, Julius, additional, Schantz, Peter M., additional, Scheld, W. Michael, additional, Schlaudecker, Elizabeth P., additional, Schwartz, David A., additional, Schwartzman, Joseph D., additional, Seña, Arlene C., additional, Sexton, Daniel J., additional, Sharp, Truman W., additional, Shieh, Wun-Ju, additional, Shoham, Shmuel, additional, Siddiqui, Afzal A., additional, Singh, Upinder, additional, Smith, David W., additional, Smith, Michael B., additional, Smoak, Bonnie L., additional, Smulian, A. George, additional, Snider, Cynthia B., additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Sow, Samba O., additional, Sparling, P. Frederick, additional, Spencer, Lisa A., additional, Stanberry, Lawrence R., additional, Staples, J. Erin, additional, Steffen, Robert, additional, Steiner, Theodore S., additional, Steinhoff, Mark C., additional, Stevens, Dennis L., additional, Suh, Kathryn N., additional, Supparatpinyo, Khuanchai, additional, Szaniszlo, Paul J., additional, Tapia, Milagritos D., additional, Tanowitz, Herbert B., additional, Telford, Sam R., additional, Tesh, Robert B., additional, Thielman, Nathan M., additional, Torres-Vélez, Fernando J., additional, Tucker, Joseph D., additional, Valdez, Luis M., additional, Valenzuela, Jesus G., additional, van de Beek, Diederik, additional, Vasconcelos, Pedro F.C., additional, Visvesvara, Govinda S., additional, Wahl-Jensen, Victoria, additional, Walker, David H., additional, Walsh, Douglas S., additional, Walsh, Thomas J., additional, Walton, David A., additional, Walzer, Peter D., additional, Warren, Cirle A., additional, Weaver, Scott C., additional, Weiss, Louis M., additional, Weller, Peter F., additional, White, A. Clinton, additional, White, Nicholas J., additional, Wilkinson, Robert J., additional, Wilson, Mary E., additional, Wittner, Murray, additional, Zaidi, Anita K.M., additional, and Zaki, Sherif R., additional

Published
2011
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44. Cholera

Author

Lima, Aldo A.M., primary and Guerrant, Richard L., additional

Published
2010
Full Text
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45. CONTRIBUTORS

Author

Adkinson, N. Franklin, primary, Allen, David M., additional, Allos, Ban Mishu, additional, Amsden, Guy W., additional, Anderson, David A., additional, Andes, David R., additional, Aoki, Fred Y., additional, Apfalter, Petra M., additional, Apicella, Michael A., additional, Arias, Cesar A., additional, Augenbraun, Michael H., additional, Azar, Dimitri T., additional, Baddour, Larry M., additional, Baden, Lindsey R., additional, Baker, Carol J., additional, Ballard, Ronald C., additional, Ballow, Charles H., additional, Barnes, Scott D., additional, Baron, Miriam J., additional, Barouch, Dan H., additional, Barrett, Alan, additional, Bassin, Sarice L., additional, Batteiger, Byron E., additional, Baum, Stephen G., additional, Bayer, Arnold S., additional, Beckham, J. David, additional, Beekmann, Susan E., additional, Bell, Beth P., additional, Bennett, John E., additional, Berbari, Elie F., additional, Berman, Jonathan D., additional, Bertino, Joseph S., additional, Birdsall, Holly H., additional, Bisno, Alan L., additional, Biswas, Hope H., additional, Blackburn, Brian G., additional, Blaser, Martin J., additional, Blazes, David L., additional, Bleck, Thomas P., additional, Blijlevens, Nicole M.A., additional, Bobak, David A., additional, Bonnez, William, additional, Boothroyd, John C., additional, Borio, Luciana, additional, Bosque, Patrick J., additional, Boucher, Richard C., additional, Brause, Barry D., additional, Brown, Kevin E., additional, Brown, Patricia D., additional, Brown-Elliott, Barbara A., additional, Burd, Eileen M., additional, Burns, James E., additional, Bush, Larry M., additional, Calfee, David P., additional, Caplan, Ellis S., additional, Carael, Michel, additional, Carpenter, Charles C.J., additional, Caserta, Mary T., additional, Castagnola, Elio, additional, Chaisson, Richard E., additional, Chambers, Henry F., additional, Chapman, Stanley W., additional, Chappell, James D., additional, Chen, Sharon C-A., additional, Chopra, Sanjiv, additional, Chow, Anthony W., additional, Chroneou, Alexandra, additional, Cianciotto, Nicholas P., additional, Clark, Rebecca A., additional, Clark, Robert A., additional, Cohen, Jeffrey I., additional, Cohen, Myron S., additional, Cohen-Poradosu, Ronit, additional, Cohn, Susan E., additional, Connors, Mark, additional, Cono, Joanne, additional, Corey, Lawrence, additional, Cornett, Patricia A., additional, Cox, Heather L., additional, Craig, William A., additional, Craven, Donald E., additional, Crossley, Kent B., additional, Crump, John A., additional, Crumpacker, Clyde S., additional, Curran, James W., additional, Currie, Bart J., additional, Curry, Michael P., additional, Damon, Inger K., additional, Darouiche, Rabih O., additional, DeBiasi, Roberta L., additional, Deepe, George S., additional, del Rio, Carlos, additional, DeMuri, Gregory P., additional, Dennis, David T., additional, Densen, Peter, additional, De Pauw, Ben E., additional, Dermody, Terence S., additional, Dewar, Robin, additional, Diaz, James H., additional, Dieffenbach, Carl W., additional, Dienstag, Jules L., additional, Dolin, Raphael, additional, Donaldson, Scott H., additional, Donnelly, J. Peter, additional, Donnenberg, Michael S., additional, Donowitz, Gerald R., additional, Dormitzer, Philip R., additional, Drake, James M., additional, Dumler, J. Stephen, additional, Dummer, J. Stephen, additional, DuPont, Herbert L., additional, Durack, David T., additional, Durand, Marlene L., additional, Edelstein, Paul H., additional, Edmond, Michael B., additional, Edwards, John E., additional, Edwards, Morven S., additional, Eliopoulos, George M., additional, Engleberg, N. Cary, additional, Ernst, Joel D., additional, Fairhurst, Rick M., additional, Fairley, Jessica K., additional, Falkow, Stanley, additional, Falsey, Ann R., additional, Fauci, Anthony S., additional, Feinstone, Stephen M., additional, Fekete, Thomas, additional, Fey, Paul D., additional, Fine, Steven M., additional, Finegold, Sydney M., additional, Fishman, Neil O., additional, Fitzgerald, Daniel W., additional, Flores, Anthony R., additional, Fowler, Vance G., additional, Freedman, David O., additional, Friedlander, Arthur M., additional, Galgiani, John N., additional, Gallin, John I., additional, Gallo, Robert C., additional, Garrett, Wendy S., additional, Gelfand, Jeffrey A., additional, Gelone, Steven P., additional, Gershon, Anne A., additional, Gilbert, David N., additional, Gilligan, Peter H., additional, Glickman, Michael S., additional, Göbel, Ulf B., additional, Goldstein, Deborah, additional, Goldstein, Ellie J.C., additional, Gordin, Fred M., additional, Gotuzzo, Eduardo, additional, Graman, Paul S., additional, Graves, Margot, additional, Griffin, Patricia M., additional, Griffith, David E., additional, Guerrant, Richard L., additional, Haake, David A., additional, Haas, David W., additional, Hall, Caroline Breese, additional, Halperin, Scott, additional, Hammerschlag, Margaret R., additional, Handsfield, H. Hunter, additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, Hartman, Barry J., additional, Hay, Roderick J., additional, Hayden, Frederick G., additional, Hedberg, Craig W., additional, Henderson, David K., additional, Henderson, Donald A., additional, Hendley, J. Owen, additional, Hewlett, Erik L., additional, High, Kevin P., additional, Hill, Adrian V.S., additional, Hill, David R., additional, Hinman, Alan R., additional, Hirsch, Martin S., additional, Hodges, Lisa S., additional, Holland, Steven M., additional, Hook, Edward W., additional, Hooper, David C., additional, Hooton, Thomas M., additional, Horsburgh, C. Robert, additional, Hospenthal, Duane R., additional, Hughes, James M., additional, Hughes, Molly A., additional, Huston, Christopher D., additional, Hynes, Noreen A., additional, Iredell, Jonathan R., additional, Janda, J. Michael, additional, Johannsen, Eric C., additional, Johnson, Warren D., additional, Kashuba, Angela D.M., additional, Kasper, Dennis L., additional, Kaye, Donald, additional, Kaye, Keith S., additional, Kaye, Kenneth M., additional, Kazura, James W., additional, Kenny, George E., additional, Keystone, Jay S., additional, Khabbaz, Rima F., additional, King, Charles H., additional, Kirchhoff, Louis V., additional, Klein, Jerome O., additional, Knoll, Bettina M., additional, Knowlton, Kirk U., additional, Kohlhoff, Stephan A., additional, Könönen, Eija, additional, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., additional, Koralnik, Igor J., additional, Koshy, Anita A., additional, Kotton, Camille Nelson, additional, Kovacs, Joseph A., additional, Kozarsky, Phyllis, additional, Koziel, Margaret James, additional, Krieger, John N., additional, Kuehnert, Matthew J., additional, LeDuc, James W., additional, Lee, Laura M., additional, Leggett, James E., additional, Lescano, Andres G., additional, Levett, Paul N., additional, Levine, Donald P., additional, Levison, Matthew E., additional, Lewis, Russell E., additional, Liles, W. Conrad, additional, Lima, Aldo A.M., additional, Litman, Nathan, additional, Lorber, Bennett, additional, Lutwick, Larry I., additional, MacGregor, Rob Roy, additional, Mackowiak, Philip A., additional, Madoff, Lawrence C., additional, Magill, Alan J., additional, Maguire, James H., additional, Maldarelli, Frank, additional, Mandell, Lionel A., additional, Mann, Barbara J., additional, Markoff, Lewis, additional, Marrazzo, Jeanne M., additional, Marrie, Thomas J., additional, Marth, Thomas, additional, Martin, Gregory J., additional, Maschmeyer, Georg, additional, Masur, Henry, additional, Mawle, Alison, additional, Mayer, Kenneth H., additional, McBride, John T., additional, McCormack, William M., additional, McIntosh, Kenneth, additional, Mead, Paul S., additional, Meyer, Daniel K., additional, Meyers, Burt R., additional, Miller, Mark A., additional, Miller, Samuel I., additional, Mitchell, David H., additional, Modlin, John F., additional, Moellering, Robert C., additional, Moir, Susan, additional, Montgomery, Joel M., additional, Montoya, José G., additional, Moore, Thomas A., additional, Moreillon, Philippe, additional, Morrell, Dean S., additional, Morris, J. Glenn, additional, Morse, Caryn Gee, additional, Moseley, Robin, additional, Muder, Robert R., additional, Munford, Robert S., additional, Murphy, Edward L., additional, Murphy, Timothy F., additional, Murray, Barbara E., additional, Murray, Clinton K., additional, Murray, Patrick R., additional, Musher, Daniel M., additional, Nannini, Esteban C., additional, Nash, Theodore E., additional, Nauseef, William M., additional, Neill, Marguerite A., additional, O'Donnell, Judith A., additional, Ohl, Christopher A., additional, Okhuysen, Pablo C., additional, Onderdonk, Andrew B., additional, Opal, Steven M., additional, Orenstein, Walter A., additional, Osman, Douglas R., additional, Osterholm, Michael T., additional, Ostroff, Stephen M., additional, Oxman, Michael N., additional, Page, Andrea V., additional, Palmore, Tara N., additional, Pamer, Eric G., additional, Pappas, Peter G., additional, Pasternack, Mark S., additional, Patterson, Thomas F., additional, Pavan-Langston, Deborah, additional, Pegues, David A., additional, Penn, Robert L., additional, Perfect, John R., additional, Perlman, Stanley, additional, Peters, C.J., additional, Peterson, Phillip K., additional, Petri, William A., additional, Petti, Cathy A., additional, Pickering, Larry K., additional, Pier, Gerald B., additional, Pillai, Satish K., additional, Piot, Peter, additional, Plaeger, Susan F., additional, Polk, Ronald E., additional, Pop-Vicas, Aurora, additional, Powers, John H., additional, Punturieri, Antonello, additional, Que, Yok-ai, additional, Rabinowitz, Ronald P., additional, Rabizadeh, Shervin, additional, Ramphal, Reuben, additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Ravdin, Jonathan I., additional, Ray, Stuart C., additional, Reboli, Annette C., additional, Reddy, Pavani, additional, Reichman, Richard C., additional, Reitz, Marvin S., additional, Relman, David A., additional, Renault, Cybèle A., additional, Restrepo, Angela, additional, Rex, John H., additional, Reynolds, Herbert Y., additional, Rhee, Elizabeth G., additional, Rhee, Kyu Y., additional, Rotz, Lisa D., additional, Ruoff, Kathryn L., additional, Rupp, Mark E., additional, Rupprecht, Charles E., additional, Russo, Thomas A., additional, Rutala, William A., additional, Salvatore, Mirella, additional, Saulsbury, Frank T., additional, Savoia, Maria C., additional, Sax, Paul E., additional, Scheld, W. Michael, additional, Schiffer, Joshua T., additional, Schlossberg, David, additional, Schneider, Thomas, additional, Schwebke, Jane R., additional, Sears, Cynthia L., additional, Seas, Carlos, additional, Sepkowitz, Kent A., additional, Septimus, Edward J., additional, Siberry, George K., additional, Sifri, Costi D., additional, Singh, Nina, additional, Singh, Upinder, additional, Sinner, Scott W., additional, Sivapalasingam, Sumathi, additional, Slater, Leonard N., additional, Smulian, A. George, additional, Sobel, Jack D., additional, Sodha, Samir V., additional, Sohail, M. Rizwan, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Song, Yuli, additional, Soper, David E., additional, Sorrell, Tania C., additional, Sparling, P. Frederick, additional, Stamm, Walter E., additional, Steckelberg, James M., additional, Steere, Allen C., additional, Steigbigel, Neal H., additional, Steinberg, James P., additional, Steiner, Theodore S., additional, Sterling, Timothy R., additional, Stevens, David A., additional, Stevens, Dennis L., additional, Strahilevitz, Jacob, additional, Stratton, Charles W., additional, Suffredini, Anthony F., additional, Suh, Kathryn N., additional, Sulkowski, Mark S., additional, Sullivan, Donna C., additional, Swartz, Morton N., additional, Talbot, Thomas R., additional, Tan, C. Sabrina, additional, Thielman, Nathan M., additional, Thio, Chloe Lynn, additional, Thomas, David L., additional, Thomas, Lora D., additional, Thorner, Anna R., additional, Tice, Alan D., additional, Tobón, Angela María, additional, Tramont, Edmund C., additional, Treanor, John J., additional, N. Tsibris, Athe M., additional, Tunkel, Allan R., additional, Turner, Ronald B., additional, Tyler, Kenneth L., additional, van de Beek, Diederik, additional, Vannier, Edouard G., additional, Van Schooneveld, Trevor C., additional, Vaughn, David W., additional, Viscoli, Claudio, additional, Volberding, Paul A., additional, Wald, Ellen R., additional, Walker, David H., additional, Wallace, Richard J., additional, Walsh, Edward E., additional, Walzer, Peter D., additional, Wanke, Christine A., additional, Washburn, Ronald G., additional, Wasley, Annemarie, additional, Waters, Valerie, additional, Weber, David J., additional, Weinberg, Arnold N., additional, Weinberg, Geoffrey A., additional, Weinmann, Gail G., additional, Weisdorf, Daniel J., additional, Weiss, Louis M., additional, Weiss, Michael E., additional, Welch, David F., additional, Wellems, Thomas E., additional, Wenzel, Richard P., additional, Wharton, Melinda, additional, White, A. Clinton, additional, Whitley, Richard J., additional, Wilson, Kenneth H., additional, Wilson, Walter R., additional, Witebsky, Frank G., additional, Wolfgang, Matthew C., additional, Wright, Peter F., additional, Young, Edward J., additional, Young, Jo-Anne H., additional, Zhang, Jie Lin, additional, Zinner, Stephen H., additional, and Zurlo, John J., additional

Published
2010
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47. Intervention and Mechanisms of Alanyl‐glutamine for Inflammation, Nutrition, and Enteropathy

Author

Moore, Sean R., primary, Quinn, Laura A., additional, Maier, Elizabeth A., additional, Guedes, Marjorie M., additional, Quetz, Josiane S., additional, Perry, Madeline, additional, Ramprasad, Chethan, additional, Lanzarini Lopes, Gabriela M.L., additional, Mayneris‐Perxachs, Jordi, additional, Swann, Jonathan, additional, Soares, Alberto M., additional, Filho, José Q., additional, Junior, Francisco S., additional, Havt, Alexandre, additional, Lima, Noelia L., additional, Guerrant, Richard L., additional, and Lima, Aldo A.M., additional

Published
2020
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48. Cryptosporidiosis

Author

BUSHEN, OLUMA YOSEPH, primary, LIMA, ALDO A.M., additional, and GUERRANT, RICHARD L., additional

Published
2006
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49. Causal Pathways from Enteropathogens to Environmental Enteropathy: Findings from the MAL-ED Birth Cohort Study

Author

Kosek, Margaret, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Bhutta, Zulfiquar, Caulfield, Laura, Guerrant, Richard, Houpt, Eric, Kang, Gagandeep, Lee, Gwenyth, Lima, Aldo, McCormick, Benjamin J.J., Platts-Mills, James, Seidman, Jessica, Blank, Rebecca R., Gottlieb, Michael, Knobler, Stacey L., Lang, Dennis R., Miller, Mark A., Tountas, Karen H., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Checkley, William, Guerrant, Richard L., Kosek, Margaret N., Mason, Carl J., Murray-Kolb, Laura E., Petri Jr., William A., Seidman, Jessica C., Bessong, Pascal, Haque, Rashidul, John, Sushil, Lima, Aldo A.M., Mduma, Estomih R., Oriá, Reinaldo B., Shrestha, Prakash Sunder, Shrestha, Sanjaya Kumar, Svensen, Erling, Zaidi, Anita K.M., Abreu, Cláudia B., Acosta, Angel Mendez, Ahmed, Imran, Shamsir Ahmed, A.M., Ali, Asad, Ambikapathi, Ramya, Barrett, Leah, Bauck, Aubrey, Bayyo, Eliwaza, Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Bose, Anuradha, Daniel Carreon, J., Chandyo, Ram Krishna, Charu, Vivek, Costa, Hilda, Dillingham, Rebecca, Di Moura, Alessandra, Doan, Viyada, Filho, Jose Quirino, Graham, Jhanelle, Hoest, Christel, Hossain, Iqbal, Islam, Munirul, Steffi Jennifer, M., Kaki, Shiny, Koshy, Beena, Leite, Álvaro M., Lima, Noélia L., Maciel, Bruna L.L., Mahfuz, Mustafa, Mahopo, Cloupas, Maphula, Angelina, McGrath, Monica, Mohale, Archana, Moraes, Milena, Mota, Francisco S., Muliyil, Jayaprakash, Mvungi, Regisiana, Nayyar, Gaurvika, Nyathi, Emanuel, Olortegui, Maribel Paredes, Oria, Reinaldo, Vasquez, Angel Orbe, Pan, William K., Pascal, John, Patil, Crystal L., Pendergast, Laura, Pinedo, Silvia Rengifo, Psaki, Stephanie, Raghava, Mohan Venkata, Ramanujam, Karthikeyan, Rasheed, Muneera, Rasmussen, Zeba A., Richard, Stephanie A., Rose, Anuradha, Roshan, Reeba, Schaefer, Barbara, Scharf, Rebecca, Sharma, Srujan L., Shrestha, Binob, Shrestha, Rita, Simons, Suzanne, Soares, Alberto M., Mota, Rosa M.S., Soofi, Sajid, Strand, Tor, Tofail, Fahmida, Thomas, Rahul J., Turab, Ali, Ulak, Manjeswori, Wang, Vivian, Yarrot, Ladislaus, Yori, Pablo Peñataro, Alam, Didar, Amour, Caroline, Chavez, Cesar Banda, Babji, Sudhir, de Burga, Rosa Rios, Flores, Julian Torres, Gratz, Jean, George, Ajila T., Hariraju, Dinesh, Havt, Alexandre, Karunakaran, Priyadarshani, Lazarus, Robin P., Lima, Ila F., Mondal, Dinesh, Medeiros, Pedro H.Q.S., Nshama, Rosemary, Quetz, Josiane, Qureshi, Shahida, Raju, Sophy, Ramachandran, Anup, Ramadas, Rakhi, Catharine Ross, A., Salas, Mery Siguas, Samie, Amidou, Schulze, Kerry, Shanmuga Sundaram, E., Swema, Buliga Mujaga, and Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo

Subjects
Child health, Stunting, lcsh:R5-920, Child growth, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, Undernutrition, Enteropathogen, lcsh:Medicine (General), Enteropathy
Abstract

Background: Environmental enteropathy (EE), the adverse impact of frequent and numerous enteric infections on the gut resulting in a state of persistent immune activation and altered permeability, has been proposed as a key determinant of growth failure in children in low- and middle-income populations. A theory-driven systems model to critically evaluate pathways through which enteropathogens, gut permeability, and intestinal and systemic inflammation affect child growth was conducted within the framework of the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) birth cohort study that included children from eight countries. Methods: Non-diarrheal stool samples (N = 22,846) from 1253 children from multiple sites were evaluated for a panel of 40 enteropathogens and fecal concentrations of myeloperoxidase, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and neopterin. Among these same children, urinary lactulose:mannitol (L:M) (N = 6363) and plasma alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) (N = 2797) were also measured. The temporal sampling design was used to create a directed acyclic graph of proposed mechanistic pathways between enteropathogen detection in non-diarrheal stools, biomarkers of intestinal permeability and inflammation, systemic inflammation and change in length- and weight- for age in children 0–2 years of age. Findings: Children in these populations had frequent enteric infections and high levels of both intestinal and systemic inflammation. Higher burdens of enteropathogens, especially those categorized as being enteroinvasive or causing mucosal disruption, were associated with elevated biomarker concentrations of gut and systemic inflammation and, via these associations, indirectly associated with both reduced linear and ponderal growth. Evidence for the association with reduced linear growth was stronger for systemic inflammation than for gut inflammation; the opposite was true of reduced ponderal growth. Although Giardia was associated with reduced growth, the association was not mediated by any of the biomarkers evaluated. Interpretation: The large quantity of empirical evidence contributing to this analysis supports the conceptual model of EE. The effects of EE on growth faltering in young children were small, but multiple mechanistic pathways underlying the attribution of growth failure to asymptomatic enteric infections had statistical support in the analysis. The strongest evidence for EE was the association between enteropathogens and linear growth mediated through systemic inflammation. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2017

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