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Super-resolution (SR) for satellite remote sensing images has been recognized as crucial and has found widespread applications across various scenarios. Previous SR methods were usually built upon Convolutional Neural Networks and Transformers, which suffer from either limited receptive fields or a lack of prior assumptions. To address these issues, we propose ESatSR, a novel SR method based on state space models. We utilize the 2D Selective Scan to obtain an enhanced capability in modeling long-range dependencies, which contributes to a wide receptive field. A Spatial Context Interaction Module (SCIM) and an Enhanced Image Reconstruction Module (EIRM) are introduced to combine image-related prior knowledge into our model, therefore guiding the process of feature extraction and reconstruction. Tailored for remote sensing images, the interaction of multi-scale spatial context and image features is leveraged to enhance the network's capability in capturing features of small targets. Comprehensive experiments show that ESatSR demonstrates state-of-the-art performance on both OLI2MSI and RSSCN7 datasets, with the highest PSNRs of 42.11 dB and 31.42 dB, respectively. Extensive ablation studies illustrate the effectiveness of our module design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-accuracy and high-stability space-based time system is necessary for satellite navigation systems to achieve high quality of service (QoS) on navigation and positioning in smart city applications. This paper proposes a precise and high-stability space-based time system established under the autonomous time scale of navigation satellites. The generation, maintenance, and transfer of high-precision space-based time references are researched. A centralized time comparison method based on the ALGOS algorithm conducts the two-way time comparison of the inter-satellite link. Specifically, using the relative clock difference observations of all links between satellites for a certain period of time, the clock difference, clock speed, and clock drift parameters of n − 1 stars in a constellation of n stars relative to the same reference can be estimated simultaneously. Simulations are conducted on real collected data from the Beidou navigation systems when providing services to smart cities around the world. The simulation results show the high accuracy and stability of the proposed space-based time system under the autonomous time scale reference. Moreover, the clock offset monitoring arc coverage is much higher than the satellite clock offset obtained by the direct observation of the satellite and the anchor station. It proves the efficiency of the proposed space-based time system to be used for satellite clock offset modeling and prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to reveal the soil microbial structures in the rhizosphere soil of the delayed cultivation and to evaluate the effects of water stress and bacterial fertilizer on major bacteria. The experiment was conducted in 2019 in Yongdeng County, Gansu Province. Three treatments of water regulation were set, including the moderate water stress, mild water stress and adequate water supply treatment with the bacterial fertilizer added at the levels of no addition (0 g), small addition (75 g) and large addition (150 g), respectively. The results showed that the relative abundance of dominant species of soil microorganisms was significantly higher under sufficient water supply and mild water stress treatment than under moderate water stress treament. Under the mild water stress condition, the relative abundance of the most dominant species in each classification level sequentially decreased with the bacterial fertilizer added increasingly. Adding a small amount of bacterial treatment fertilizer to moderate water stress can improve the overall abundance of soil microbial communities during the growth period of new shoots. It was found that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, Thaumarchaeota, Verrucomicrobia, and the other bacteria were the major bacterial phyla in the rhizosphere soil of delayed cultivation grapes, among, which Proteobacteria were the most dominant group. Therefore, adding a small amount of bacterial fertilizer under the mild water stress treatment can not only improve the diversity and richness of soil microorganisms during the fruit expansion period, but also significantly save water resources compared with the traditional irrigation regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) has reached high values of over 19%. However, most of the high‐efficiency OSCs are fabricated by spin‐coating with toxic solvents and the optimal photoactive layer thickness is limited to 100 nm, limiting practical development of OSCs. It is a great challenge to obtain ideal morphology for high‐efficiency thick‐film OSCs when using non‐halogenated solvents due to the unfavorable film formation kinetics. Herein, high‐efficiency ternary thick‐film (300 nm) OSCs with PCE of 15.4% based on PM6:BTR‐Cl:CH1007 are fabricated by hot slot‐die coating using non‐halogenated solvent (o‐xylene) in the air. Compared to PM6:BTR‐Cl:Y6 blends, the stronger pre‐aggregation of CH1007 in solution induces the earlier aggregation of CH1007 molecules and longer aggregation time, and thus results in high and balanced crystallinity of donors and acceptor in CH1007‐based ternary film, which led to high‐carrier mobility and suppressed charge recombination. The ternary strategy is further used to fabricate high‐efficiency, thick‐film, large‐area, and flexible devices processed from non‐halogenated solvents, paving the way for industrial development of OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]