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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of chrysanthemum polysaccharide on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) rats. Methods: The chrysanthemum polysaccharides were extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. After feeding rats with high-fat and high-sugar feed for 6 weeks, STZ (30 mg/kg·BW) was injected intraperitoneally to establish a T2DM rat model, and records were recorded during the experiment. Rat body weight, food intake, water consumption, fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured every two weeks, and glucose tolerance (OGTT) test was performed in the last week of the test; the insulin (INS) level was measured by Elisa method, and insulin resistance was calculated Index (HOMA-IR). Determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels, as well as the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), cystathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by Western Blot to detect the expression levels of Nrf2, Keap1, and HO-1. Results: Treatment with chrysanthemum polysaccharides could alleviate the weight loss of T2DM rats, reduce their food intake and water consumption, improve the glucose tolerance of T2DM rats, and reduce INS and HOMA-IR in rats. It could significantly reduce the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C in T2DM rats (P＜0.05), and significantly increase the level of HDL-C (P＜0.05). The levels of SOD, GSH and CAT in T2DM rats increased significantly (P＜0.05), and the level of MDA decreased significantly (P＜0.05). The Nrf2, Keap1, and HO-1 protein levels of T2DM rats treated with chrysanthemum polysaccharides tended to normal protein levels. Conclusion: Chrysanthemum polysaccharide can effectively improve the symptoms of "three more and one less" in T2DM rats, reduce FBG levels, increase OGTT, improve INS levels and HOMA-IR, improve abnormal lipid metabolism and oxidative stress levels in T2DM rats, and through regulation Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 pathway related proteins play a role in the treatment of T2DM.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorum and its hypoglycemic effect on type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: Extraction and determination of P. grandiflorum polysaccharide content and its ability to scavenge different free radicals The rats were fed with high-fat and high-sugar feed for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with STZ (30 mg/kg·BW) to establish type 2 diabetes models (T2DM), which were divided into normal group, model group, and P. grandiflorum-polysaccharide high-dose group (400 mg/kg) and low-dose group (200 mg/kg), and positive group (metformin 200 mg/kg). The body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured regularly for 8 weeks. In the last week, an oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) test was performed, and rat serum and liver were taken to determine the changes in lipid metabolism indexes and related oxidases in rats. Results: The content of platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharide was 89.65%, and the scavenging ability of DPPH·, ABTS+·, ·OH and PTIO at a concentration of 1 000 μg/mL were 91.3%, 89.7%, 83.8%, and 90.4%, respectively. Compared with the model group, P. grandiflorum polysaccharide could effectively alleviate the weight loss of T2DM rats, significantly reduced their FBG (P＜0.05), and significantly increased the level of OGTT (P＜0.05). After high-dose treatment of P. grandiflorum polysaccharide, the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and MDA decreased significantly, and the levels of HDL-C, SOD, GSH, and CAT increased significantly (P＜0.05) with dose-dependence. Conclusion: P. grandiflorum polysaccharide has good antioxidant properties and can reduce blood sugar by improving lipid metabolism and oxidative stress levels in T2DM rats.

Background: Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have drawn growing attention because of the role which they play in various diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the potential functions of lncRNA MCF2L antisense RNA 1 (MCF2L‐AS1) in tumors remained largely unclear. The present study aimed to explore the clinical significance and the biological effects of lncRNA MCF2L antisense RNA 1 (MCF2L‐AS1) in CRC. Methods: Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the expression of MCF2L‐AS1 in CRC. The clinical significance of MCF2L‐AS1 in CRC patients was analyzed statistically. In vitro experiments were performed to determine the effects of MCF2L‐AS1 on the cellular progression of CRC cells. Bioinformatic assays, luciferase reporter assays and RNA‐pulldown assays were performed to predict for potential microRNAs that can interact with MCF2L‐AS1 and mRNAs that can interact with miR‐874‐3p. Results: We identified a novel CRC‐related lncRNA, MCF2L‐AS1, which is distinctly highly expressed in CRC. Its diagnostic value for CRC patients was also demonstrated. Clinical assays revealed that high MCF2L‐AS1 expression is associated with advanced stages, positive metastasis and the poor prognosis of CRC patients. Multivariate assays confirmed that MCF2L‐AS1 expression is an independent poor prognostic factor for both 5‐year overall survival and 5‐year disease‐free survival of CRC patients. Functionally, we confirmed that knockdown of MCF2L‐AS1 distinctly suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells and also promotes apoptosis. Mechanistic investigation showed that MCF2L‐AS1 functions as an endogenous sponge for miR‐874‐3p to increase the expression of CCNE1. Conclusions: Our findings identified a novel CRC‐related lncRNA, MCF2L‐AS1, which may be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC patients. In addition, the newly identified MCF2L‐AS1/miR‐874‐3p/CCNE1 axis can modulate the initiation and progression of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]