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China, the worlds largest methane emitter, is increasingly focused on methane mitigation in support of its climate goals, but gaps exist in the understanding of key methane sources, as well as mitigation opportunities and their associated uncertainties. We use a bottom-up modeling approach with updated methane emission projections and abatement cost analysis to account for additional sources, uncertainties, and mitigation measures in Chinas energy and agricultural sectors. Here we show the significant cost-effective potential for reducing methane emissions in China by 2030, with 660 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent possible with average negative abatement costs of US$6.40 per tonne CO2e. Most of this potential exists in the energy sector, particularly coal mining, but the greater potential will shift towards agriculture by 2060. Aquaculture and biochar applications in rice cultivation have net economic benefits but need greater support for deployment, while new mitigation measures will be needed for remaining emissions from enteric fermentation, rice cultivation, and wastewater.

In this study, two low molecular mass fucoidans (LMWFs), F-1 and F-2, derived from Undaria pinnatifida fucoidan, were prepared and purified by free radical oxidation degradation and strong anion exchange chromatography. The chemical composition and structure characteristics of LMWFs were analyzed using molecular exclusion chromatography (MEC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), infrared spectroscopy (IRS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS), and the structure-antioxidant activity relationship was explored. The results showed that F-1 and F-2 were primarily composed of fucose and galactose, with molecular mass of 2 790 and 23 510 Da, respectively. Their sulfate contents were (27.05 ± 0.95)% and (34.73 ± 0.08)%, and their uronic acid contents were (15.39 ± 0.33)% and (6.76 ± 0.38)%, respectively. In both F-1 and F-2, the configuration of glycosidic bonds was α-type, with a certain degree of acetylation and sulfation. Both LMWFs could scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cationic radicals and showed certain reducing power in the potassium ferricyanide reduction assay. These antioxidant properties were concentration dependent. The contents of polyuronide and galactose in the glycan chain of F-1 was relatively high, so its antioxidant activity was superior to that of F-2 under the same dosage conditions. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of LMWFs as excellent natural antioxidants in various fields such as health food and cosmetics.

Abstract Common-signal-induced synchronization of semiconductor lasers have promising applications in physical-layer secure transmission with high speed and compatibility with the current fiber communication. Here, we propose an ultra-long-distance laser synchronization scheme by utilizing random digital optical communication signal as the common drive signal. By utilizing the long-haul optical coherent communication techniques, high-fidelity fiber transmission of the digital drive can be achieved and thus ultra-long-distance synchronization is expected. Experiments were implemented with distributed feedback lasers injected by a random-digital phase-modulated drive light. Results show that high-quality synchronization can be achieved as the drive signal rate is larger than the laser relaxation frequency and the transmission bit error ratio is below a critical value. Chaos synchronization over 8191-km fiber transmission was experimentally achieved. Compared to traditional common-signal-induced synchronization using analog drive signal such as chaos, the distance is increased by 8 times, and complicated hardware devices for channel impairment compensation are no longer required. In addition, the proposed method does not sacrifice communication capacity like traditional methods which need a channel to transmit analog drive signal. It is therefore believed that this common-digital-signal induced laser synchronization paves a way for secure backbone and submarine transmission.

Background: Pancreatic cancer, referred to as the “monarch of malignancies,” is a neoplastic growth mostly arising from the epithelial cells of the pancreatic duct and acinar cells. This particular neoplasm has a highly unfavorable prognosis due to its marked malignancy, inconspicuous initial manifestation, challenging early detection, rapid advancement, and limited survival duration. Cellular immunotherapy is the ex vivo culture and expansion of immune effector cells, granting them the capacity to selectively target malignant cells using specialized techniques. Subsequently, these modified cells are reintroduced into the patient's organism with the purpose of eradicating tumor cells and providing therapeutic intervention for cancer. Present situation: Presently, the primary cellular therapeutic modalities employed in the treatment of pancreatic cancer encompass CAR T-cell therapy, TCR T-cell therapy, NK-cell therapy, and CAR NK-cell therapy. Aim of review: This review provides a concise overview of the mechanisms and primary targets associated with various cell therapies. Additionally, we will explore the prospective outlook of cell therapy in the context of treating pancreatic cancer.

Traditional petroleum system theories emphasize the restoration of the accumulation process from “source” to “trap”. The main oil and gas resources in the concept are conventional oil and gas, lacking the concept and research of unconventional oil and gas enrichment mechanism. The whole petroleum system is developed from the traditional petroleum system. Combined with unconventional oil and gas exploration practices and discoveries such as shale oil and gas, the whole petroleum system adds the research content of unconventional oil and gas. Although the study of the whole petroleum system is still in three aspects: geological elements, dynamic evolution and oil and gas distribution, its research ideas and research contents are very different, including the following three aspects. (1) In terms of geological elements, the traditional petroleum system studies the characteristics of source rocks and hydrocarbon generation evolution, and the reservoir properties, traps, migration and preservation conditions of conventional oil and gas. On the basis of the above research, the whole petroleum system has increased the quantitative evaluation of retained hydrocarbons, unconventional reservoir characterization, source reservoir configuration and other research contents. (2) In terms of dynamic evolution, the petroleum system studies the matching between the evolution of conventional oil and gas source rocks and the formation period of traps, while the whole petroleum system has increased the research content of the matching of unconventional reservoir densification and oil and gas charging, and the later transformation of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. (3) In terms of oil and gas distribution, the petroleum system takes buoyancy-drived accumulation mechanism as the core to study the migration, accumulation and distribution of conventional oil and gas. The whole petroleum system adds unconventional oil and gas self-sealing accumulation mechanism and conventional-unconventional oil and gas distribution sequence, so as to determine the oil and gas distribution characteristics of the whole petroleum system.

Abstract Global change has the potential to alter soil carbon (C) inputs from above- and below-ground sources, with subsequent influences on soil microbial communities and ecological functions. Using data from a 13-year field experiment in a semi-arid grassland, we investigated the effects of litter manipulations and plant removal on soil microbiomes and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). Litter addition did not affect soil microbial α-diversity whereas litter removal reduced bacterial and fungal α-diversity due to decreased C substrate supply and soil moisture. By contrast, plant removal led to larger declines in bacterial and fungal α-diversity, lower microbial network stability and complexity. EMF was enhanced by litter addition but largely reduced by plant removal, primarily attributed to the loss of fungal diversity. Our findings underscore the importance of C inputs in shaping soil microbiomes and highlight the dominant role of plant root-derived C inputs in maintaining ecological functions under global change scenarios.

Abstract Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common respiratory pathogen in children that can sometimes lead to extrapulmonary manifestations. Among these, pediatric pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) is clinically rare but carries significant implications. However, it is often underrecognized, and its diagnosis and treatment are not well understood. Case presentation We report a case of PE associated with MP pneumonia in a 6-year-old girl who presented with recurrent hyperpyrexia, cough, extensive consolidation in the upper lobe of the left lung, and pulmonary artery thrombi in the right lung. Following prompt diagnosis of PE and appropriate antibiotic therapy combined with anticoagulation treatment, the child recovered well and remained healthy at follow-up. The diagnostic and treatment processes were analyzed, and previously reported cases of pediatric MP-related PE were reviewed. Conclusion PE should be considered in pediatric patients with MP pneumonia who do not improve or whose condition worsens despite standard therapy. The outcomes of pediatric MP-related PE are generally favorable if prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are provided.

Abstract Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are serious complication for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), often resulting in poor functional outcomes. However, no existing model can specifically predict HAI in AIS patients. Therefore, we employed the Gradient Boosting matching learning algorithm to establish predictive models for HAI occurrence in AIS patients and poor 30-day functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale > 2) in AIS patients with HAI by analyzing electronic health records from 6560 AIS patients. Model performance was evaluated through internal cross-validation and external validation using an independent cohort of 3521 AIS patients. The established models demonstrated robust predictive performance for HAI in AIS patients, achieving area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of 0.857 ± 0.008 during internal validation and 0.825 ± 0.002 during external validation. For AIS patients with HAI, the second model effectively predict poor 30-day functional outcomes, with AUROCs of 0.905 ± 0.009 during internal validation and 0.907 ± 0.002 during external validation. In conclusion, machine learning models effectively identify the HAI occurrence and predict poor 30-day functional outcomes in AIS patients with HAI. Future prospective studies are crucial for validating and refining these models for clinical application, as well as for developing an accessible flowchart or scoring system to enhance clinical practices.

Abstract Background Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, several clinical studies demonstrated an inverse association between LDL-C and mortality risk in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), known as the lipid paradox. This study aims to investigate the potential impact of inflammation on the association between LDL-C levels and mortality risks. Methods A total of 5244 patients with AMI from a large nationwide prospective cohort were included in our analysis. Patients were stratified according to LDL-C quartiles. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoint was cardiac mortality. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) > 3 mg/L was defined as high inflammatory risk. Results During a median follow-up of 2.07 years, 297 mortality events (5.5%) and 227 cardiac mortality events (4.2%) occurred. Patients in the lowest LDL-C quartile had the highest incidence of all-cause mortality (7.3%) and cardiac mortality (5.8%). A U-shaped association between LDL-C levels and mortality risk was observed after multivariable adjustment, which persisted only in patients with high hsCRP levels. In contrast, a linear association between LDL-C and mortality risk was shown in patients with low hsCRP levels. Conclusions AMI patients with lower LDL-C levels had a higher risk of mortality. However, this association was only observed in those with high inflammatory risk. In contrast, the relationship between LDL-C and mortality risk was linear in patients with low inflammatory risk. This suggests the importance of considering inflammation when managing LDL-C levels in AMI patients.

The aim of the paper was to optimize the settings of the material properties of a computer model describing heat transfer in a wooden beam exposed to thermal loading from a porcelain radiation panel. The methodology was based on performing medium-scale fire tests as a basis for a creation of finite element model with 6 different setups of material characteristics based on the outputs of tests. When adjusting the settings, the T-history method was used to determine a beginning and end of a phase change of the water content in the wood, a thermal conductivity was adjusted based on a density and a moisture content, and enthalpy was used instead of a specific heat. The results of the simulations were compared with the real medium-scale fire tests, which showed the importance of adjusting the input data. Based on the T-history method, the setting with a thermal conductivity value of 0.35 W·m-1·K-1 at a temperature of 114.8 °C was shown to be the best, with a coefficient of determination 98.7%.The results of the simulations showed that there could be a correlation between the moisture content of the wood and the maximum value of the thermal conductivity of the wood in the phase change of water.

China has pledged to peak its carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Decarbonizing the power system is key to achieving these targets. Pumped hydropower storage (PHS) can play a crucial role in greening China’s power system, by providing both short- and long-term energy storage, facilitating the integration of renewable energy, and maintaining grid stability. It's critical to evaluate the role of PHS in a power system with a high penetration of renewable energy sources and the amount of PHS needed to support the stability and reliability of a decarbonized power system. Our results indicate that the current PHS target (120 GW) is sufficient to balance the electricity supply and demand in the foreseeable future. However, the capacity of battery storage will witness a substantial increase between 2025 and 2050, emerging as a more economical solution to address the variability of renewable energy and accommodate demand growth. This study suggests that over-investment in PHS could lead to unnecessary electricity price inflation. Introducing market competition through an open and competitive bidding process for PHS development can more effectively control project costs and, consequently, electricity tariffs.

Concerns around reliability in China's electricity sector have rekindled interest in a traditional solution: building more coal-fired generation. However, over the past decade China's electricity sector has seen significant changes in supply costs, demand patterns, and regulation and markets, with falling costs for renewable and storage generation, "peakier" demand, and the creation of wholesale markets. These changes suggest that traditional approaches to evaluating the economics of different supply options may be outdated. This paper illustrates how a net capacity cost metric - fixed costs minus net market revenues - might be a useful metric for evaluating supply options to meet peak demand growth in China. Using a simplified example with recent resource cost data, the paper illustrates how, with a net capacity cost metric, electricity storage and solar PV may be a more cost-effective option for meeting peak demand growth than coal-fired generation.

Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) is a systematic approach to tracking and documenting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and emission reductions. MRV can be used across all sectors and for all GHGs to track emissions patterns, evaluate programs, and promote transparency. As methane and other short-lived climate pollutants become critical to mitigating near-term climate change impacts, MRV systems become critical in improving emission inventories; facilitating the development of climate change policies and targets, and tracking and demonstrating progress towards sustainable development. This report focuses on current sectoral issues – including the emerging roles for satellites and remote sensing technologies - and international best practices in MRV policies and programs for non-carbon dioxide (CO2) GHGs including methane, nitrous oxide (N2O), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in specific sectors. Based on international best practices and a review of China’s current MRV system, we offer suggestions for a possible path forward for developing and implementing a stronger non-CO2 MRV system.

Uncontrolled hemorrhage remains the leading cause of death in clinical and emergency care, posing a major threat to human life. To achieve effective bleeding control, many hemostatic materials have emerged. Among them, nature-derived biopolymers occupy an important position due to the excellent inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability and bioactivity. Additionally, sponges have been widely used in clinical and daily life because of their rapid blood absorption. Therefore, we provide the overview focusing on the latest advances and smart designs of biopolymer-based hemostatic sponge. Starting from the component, the applications of polysaccharide and polypeptide in hemostasis are systematically introduced, and the unique bioactivities such as antibacterial, antioxidant and immunomodulation are also concerned. From the perspective of sponge structure, different preparation processes can obtain unique physical properties and structures, which will affect the material properties such as hemostasis, antibacterial and tissue repair. Notably, as development frontier, the multi-functions of hemostatic materials is summarized, mainly including enhanced coagulation, antibacterial, avoiding tumor recurrence, promoting tissue repair, and hemorrhage monitoring. Finally, the challenges facing the development of biopolymer-based hemostatic sponges are emphasized, and future directions for in vivo biosafety, emerging materials, multiple application scenarios and translational research are proposed.

Abstract Although serum uric acid (SUA) is a risk factor for cardiometabolic outcome, but it remains unclear which patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) benefit the most from SUA lowering therapy (ULT). The association of SUA level, systemic inflammation and cardiometabolic risk is still unclear. The current study is aimed to examine whether SUA-associated cardiometabolic risk is modulated by systemic inflammation in CAD patients. A total of 16,598 CAD patients with baseline high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and SUA available were included. Baseline and follow-up data were collected. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including death, myocardial infarction and stroke. In patients with hsCRP ≥ 2 mg/L, increasing quintiles of SUA were significantly associated with increased rates of 2-year MACCE (adjusted p

Abstract Background Premature infants are more prone to brain injuries owing to incomplete nervous system development and poor adaptation outside the mother’s body. Without timely intervention, premature infants with brain injuries often develop intellectual disabilities, causing significant burdens on families and the society. Multiple studies have shown that gut dysbiosis can affect the nervous system, and vice versa. This study aimed to explore the changes in gut microbiota of typical premature infants and those with brain injuries on the third and seventh days after birth using 16 S rRNA technology. Methods Fecal samples from typical premature infants (non-brain injury group, n = 17) and those with brain injuries (brain injury group, n = 21) were collected on days 1, 3, and 7 after birth for 16 S rRNA sequencing. Alpha diversity analysis was used to evaluate the diversity of gut microbiome. LEfSe and DESeq2 were used to analyze of the microorganisms’ characteristics and differentiate the microorganisms between the two groups. Results At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant flora in both groups. At the genus level, the proportion of Enterococcus in fecal samples of the brain injury group was higher than that of the non-brain injury group on day three after birth; however, the opposite was observed on day seven. Rothia and Lactobacillales were characteristic bacteria of the non-brain injury group on days three and seven after birth, whereas Enterococcus and Bifidobacteria were characteristic bacteria of the brain injury group on days three and seven after birth, respectively. Three days after birth, the Shannon and Simpson indices of the non-brain injury group were significantly higher than those of the brain injury group. Conclusion Premature infants with brain injuries have a unique gut microbiota that is different from that of typical premature infants, indicating correlation between brain injuries and gut microbiota.

Alongside the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technologies, the complexity of society continues to escalate, and the design of multi-agent system rules becomes increasingly crucial, optimize participant engagement and addressing the issue of fairness and equilibrium win rates. The card game Legends of the Three Kingdoms (LTK), as a complex multi-agent system, represents an important abstraction of real-world scenarios, requiring the implementation of proper incentive mechanisms. Based on the mechanism and Stackelberg, this paper optimizes player strategies and system fairness. Firstly, we constructed a multi-agent Stackelberg game model for team battles. Then, we analyzed the impact of decision-making factors on players. Subsequently, we defined three kinds of fairness and improved the incentive mechanism. The results indicate that our mechanism optimizes participants' game behaviors, enhancing fairness among team players. Win rates were improved from 56.2% VS 43.8% to 51.4% VS 48.6%. With three different fairness measures, the win percentage fairness increased by 72 %, and the first elimination fairness increased by about 79 %. Our research provides a reference for understanding and analyzing complex computational models and facilitates the resolution of various resource allocation and system design issues.

The basidiomycete genus Botryobasidium is a resupinate saprotrophic with a global distribution range from coniferous to broad-leaved forest ecosystems. Though numerous species have been reported from Eurasia and North America, few have been described from China. In the current work, phylogenetic analyses of Botryobasidium in China were conducted based on the dataset of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the large subunit (LSU) of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree, and three new species, namely Botryobasidium acanthosporum, B. leptocystidiatum and B. subovalibasidium, were described from subtropical forests of Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Botryobasidium acanthosporum is characterized by having yellowish white to dark yellow basidiome, clavate to tubular cystidia, and subglobose to globose basidiospores with obtuse spines. Botryobasidium leptocystidiatum is characterized by having fluffy to arachnoid, greyish white to ivory basidiome, generative hyphae with clamped, tubular cystidia, and subnavicular to navicular basidiospores. While, B. subovalibasidium is characterized by having yellowish to ivory basidiome, subovoid basidia, navicular to suburniform basidiospores, and thick-walled chlamydospores. These three new species are described and illustrated, and the discriminating characters between the new species and their closely related species are discussed. A key to known species of Botryobasidium in China is provided.

A significant proportion of the world's population is currently experiencing heat stress. This results from the effects of global warming, urban heat islands (UHIs), and the growth of urban populations. Researchers have investigated multiple strategies to address this problem. It has been found that the outdoor thermal environment (OTE) can be modified by means of vegetation, water surfaces, and urban geometry. Several studies have indicated that certain geometric factors have demonstrated a higher degree of effectiveness in cooling the surrounding environment. OTE studies often employ two commonly utilised factors, known as urban geometry indicating parameters (UGPs)—the sky view factor (SVF) and height-to-width ratio (H/W). This article compares OTE studies focusing on these two factors. The comparison encompasses characteristics such as study methods, places and times of conducting, and thermal indices. The findings indicate that geometric studies have primarily relied on simulation and field measurement methods. These studies were predominantly conducted in tropical or subtropical cities during warm seasons, with a preference for daytime investigations. Complex thermal indices, including the physiologically equivalent temperature and mean radiant temperature, were commonly employed. In addition to UGPs, other physical factors, such as orientation, were also taken into consideration. Studies on H/W and SVF differed slightly although they are both geometrically indicative. This review can provide guidance for future studies in the field of urban geometry, in that researchers may choose to prioritise the examination of practical indicators, such as the energy load, to conduct a more comprehensive analysis while also taking into account other physical aspects, such as the presence of trees.

Contribution: This article proposes a task-driven ADDIE-Twist design model with a double-helix structure, which introduces intelligent teaching tools and lightweight collaboration platforms to design a knowledge-sharing and group collaboration model with two layers of teaching task driven and learning task driven, providing inspiration for the construction of new engineering courses and teaching reforms. Background: The ADDIE model is a classic instructional design model, but it still faces issues, such as a lack of flexibility, feedback mechanism, and emphasis on learners. The goal of new engineering education is to cultivate students' future-oriented professional literacy, knowledge structure, innovation, entrepreneurship capabilities, and teamwork spirit to meet the needs of society and industry development. In order to address these issues, this article proposes the ADDIE-Twist model. Research Questions: Can the use of the ADDIE-Twist model solve the problems of the traditional ADDIE model mentioned above? Can the use of the ADDIE-Twist model in engineering education improve the issues of lack of interaction and slow feedback between teachers and students? Methodology: Taking the experiment and implementation of the "Programmable Logic Circuit Design" course at Jinan University as an example, this article presents a design scheme for engineering education courses based on the ADDIE-Twist model. The application effect of the model is analyzed through three aspects: 1) a questionnaire survey; 2) semi-structured interviews; and 3) student awards. Results: 1) The ADDIE-Twist model can effectively enhance the frequency of teacher--student interaction. 2) The teaching reform of the ADDIE-Twist model helps to improve students' learning motivation, participation, self-learning, and active exploration capabilities.

BackgroundInflammatory diseases impair the hepatic metabolism of voriconazole (VRC). 1-Methylnicotinamide (1-MNA), a common final metabolite of nicotinamide in the liver, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in recent studies. This study investigated the impact of 1-MNA on VRC metabolism in the liver.MethodMice with a systemic inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were intragastrically administered 1-MNA, and their VRC metabolic capacity was evaluated. Kupffer cells and primary hepatocytes were isolated, and flow cytometry along with molecular knockdown experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying improved drug metabolism. IL-10 knockout (IL-10–/–) mice were used to validate the role of IL-10 in enhancing hepatocyte VRC metabolism under inflammatory conditions.Results1-MNA promoted M2 polarization of liver Kupffer cells, stimulated IL-10 secretion, upregulated CYP2C38 expression in primary hepatocytes, and enhanced VRC metabolism. The mechanism by which IL-10 upregulated CYP2C38 appears to involve the inhibition of the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB (p65) in hepatocytes.Conclusions1-MNA regulated Kupffer cell polarization in an LPS-induced inflammatory environment, reduced the inflammatory inhibition of CYP2C38 expression in hepatocytes, and promoted VRC metabolism.

This study employed a sophisticated approach consisting of ultrasound-assisted enzyme treatment to extract polysaccharides from sea buckthorn (SBP). The SBP extraction parameters were optimized, the following optimal parameters were identified: solid–liquid ratio of 1:32 g/mL, ultrasound duration of 26 min, ultrasound temperature of 52 °C, and composite enzyme concentration of 6000 U/100 mL, and the maximum extraction yield of SBP was 24.07 ± 0.15 %. The separation and purification of SBP resulted in the isolation of three fractions of polysaccharides (SBPR-1, SBPR-2, SBPR-3). The composition and structural characteristics of the SBPRs were identified. Furthermore, the SBPRs exhibited the characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides. Notably, the surface microstructures of the SBPRs showed significant variations. Moreover, all SBPRs demonstrated commendable thermal stability and in vitro antioxidant activity. This study serves as a reference for the development and application of natural antioxidants and provides a theoretical foundation for the environmentally friendly and effective extraction of SBP.

The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, a significant ectoparasite causing diseases in poultry, is globally prevalent and necessitates effective control strategies. There are restrictions on the use of acaricides in poultry across several nations due to worries about medication residues. Consequently, finding safe and efficient treatments for PRM is imperative. Fluralaner solution has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent, distinguished by its rapid onset, enduring efficacy, and lack of a withdrawal period for egg production. To ascertain the optimal dosage and therapeutic efficacy of fluralaner solution in PRM treatment, this study evaluated blood biochemical parameters and mite populations across various treatment groups. A cohort of 500 laying hens was randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups, each comprising 100 individuals:high-dose group (0.1 ml/kg-bw, group 4 ×, coop 1), medium-dose group (0.05 ml/kg-bw, group 2 ×, coop 5), low-dose group (0.025 ml/kg-bw, group 1 ×, coop 2), drug-control group (Intervet Productions, 0.05 ml/kg-bw recommended dose, coop 3) and blank control group (coop 4). Hens received their respective dosages of the fluralaner solution via oral administration on Days 0 (D0) and 7 (D7) of the experimental period. Over the study's ninety days, blood biochemical markers and mite counts in each coop were measured to evaluate the drug's safety, effectiveness, and ideal dosage. Data analysis was performed utilizing SPSS software. The study findings indicated that, for effective PRM infestation treatment, a dosage of 0.5 mg fluralaner per kilogram of body weight (equivalent to 0.05 ml) administered daily, followed by a subsequent dose post a 7-day interval, is recommended. Additionally, clinical observations coupled with blood biochemical assessments confirmed the safety of fluralaner across the three tested dosage levels in hens.

Abstract During the onset and malignant development of liver fibrosis, the pernicious interplay between damaged hepatocytes and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) induce a self‐perpetuating vicious cycle, deteriorating fibrosis progression and posing a grave threat to public health. The secretions released by damaged hepatocytes and activated HSCs interact through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms, involving multiple signaling pathways. This interaction creates a harsh microenvironment and weakens the therapeutic efficacy of single‐cell‐centric drugs. Herein, a malignant crosstalk‐blocking strategy is prompted to remodel vicious cellular interplay and reverse pathological microenvironment to put an end to liver fibrosis. Collagenases modified, bardoxolone and siTGF‐β co‐delivered nanoparticles (C‐NPs/BT) are designed to penetrate the deposited collagen barriers and further regulate the cellular interactions through upregulating anti‐oxidative stress capacity and eliminating the pro‐fibrogenic effects of TGF‐β. The C‐NPs/BT shows successful remodeling of vicious cellular crosstalk and significant disease regression in animal models. This study presents an innovative strategy to modulate cellular interactions for enhanced anti‐fibrotic therapy and suggests a promising approach for treating other chronic liver diseases.

Purpose: Using a fully automated multitask deep learning method, which enabled simultaneous segmentation and quantification of all major anterior segment structures with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), we aimed to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) alterations in iris morphology before and after implantable collamer lens (ICL) surgery. Methods: All enrolled patients underwent anterior segment SS-OCT (ANTERION) within one week before and after ICL surgery. A multitask network automatically performed iris SS-OCT image segmentation and quantitative measurements of 3D iris morphology (iris thickness and volume of the inner 1-mm annular area and the outer 1–2-mm annular area, iris curvature [I-Curve], and iris smooth index [SI]). Results: Forty-six eyes of 27 patients (average age, 26.0 ± 5.3 years) were included in the final data analysis. The spherical equivalent ranged from −15.75 to −4.00 diopters (D). The mean ICL vault values were 537.92 ± 161.69 μm, which positively and significantly correlated with the pre- (r = 0.333, P = 0.024) and postoperative (r = 0.351, P = 0.017) anterior chamber depth (ACD). The mean pupil diameter significantly decreased, whereas both ACD and lens thickness significantly increased postoperatively. The iris thickness, iris volume of the inner 1-mm annular area and the outer 1–2-mm annular area, and SI decreased significantly within one week after ICL implantation. All mean values of the I-Curve increased dramatically postoperatively. Conclusion: Iris morphology, ACD, and lens thickness were significantly altered after ICL implantation.

Background: Previous studies have reported that running exercise could improves myelinization in hippocampus. However, the effects of running exercise on the differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocytes, and myelination surrounding Aβ plaques in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain have not been reported. Methods: Forty 10-month-old male APP/PS1 AD mice were randomly divided into the AD group and the AD running (AD+RUN) group, while 20 age-matched wild-type littermate mice were included in the WT group. The running group received three-month voluntary running exercise in a running cage, while the AD and WT groups were untreated. After the exercise intervention, all mice were given behavioral tests. The total number of mature oligodendrocytes (CC1+) in the mPFC of mice was precisely quantified using unbiased stereology. Myelin basic protein (MBP) and Aβ plaque, as well as the fluorescence area of MBP surrounding Aβ plaques, and the density and morphology of PDGFα+ cells in the mPFC were analyzed using immunofluorescence. Results: The levels of working memory, cognitive memory, spatial learning and memory ability were decreased significantly in the AD group compared to the WT group, while these functions were significantly improved in the AD+RUN group compared to the AD group. The Aβ plaques in the mPFC were significantly reduced in the AD+RUN group compared to the AD group. The total number of CC1+ cells and the percentage of MBP fluorescence area surrounding Aβ plaques in the mPFC were significantly lower in the AD group compared to the WT group, but they were significantly higher in the AD+RUN group compared to the AD group. The density and branching complexity of PDGFα+ cells surrounding Aβ plaques in the mPFC were significantly higher in the AD group than in the WT group, while the AD+RUN group showed significantly lower density and branching complexity than the AD group. Changes in MBP expression around Aβ plaques, cell density and cell branching complexity of PDGFα+ cells around Aβ plaques were closely related to the number of Aβ plaques in mPFC, and they were also closely related to behavioral changes in mice. Conclusions: Voluntary running exercise could reduce Aβ plaque deposition and promote the maturation and myelination capacity of oligodendrocytes surrounding Aβ plaques in the mPFC of AD mice, thereby improving the learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice.

IntroductionOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in oral and maxillofacial region. The development of new chemotherapy agents and new drug combinations may improve patient survival and quality of life, but both surgery and radiotherapy have significant functional side effects and drug resistance, ultimately resulting in a 5-year survival rate of no more than 60% for OSCC patients. Studies have shown that Brucea javanica oil (BJO) extracts have anti-cancer effects against a variety of cancers, but little research has been reported on OSCC. MethodsCCK8, Colony formation, Scratch test and Transwell invasion assays were applied to determine the effects of BJO on the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of OSCC cells in vitro. MTFR2 knockdown (shRNA) and overexpression (cDNA) OSCC cells were constructed to evaluate the effect of MTFR2 on the proliferation and invasion of OSCC cells. The nude mouse model of subcutaneous xenograft tumor was used to evaluate the effect of BJO on OSCC cells in vivo. PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the expression of MTFR2, glycolysis markers and related pathway molecules after BJO treatment.ResultsIn vivo experiments using nude mice with xenografted OSCC cells and in vitro experiments with OSCC cell lines demonstrated that BJO treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of OSCC cells. WB and PCR proved that BJO could effectively reduce the expression levels of MTFR2 and SOD2/H2O2 related signal transduction pathways. At the same time, the expression of oxidative phosphorylation markers increased, the expression of glycolytic markers decreased, and glycolysis-mediated decomposition of reactive oxygen species decreased, and H2O2 and oxygen levels decreased.In addition, when MTFR2 expression increased or decreased, SOD2/H2O2 expression also increased or decreased.DiscussionIn this study, we concluded through in vitro and in vivo experiments that BJO may affect the SOD2/H2O2 signaling pathway by down-regulating MTFR2-mediated aerobic glycolysis, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation, Migration, and Invasion. The elucidation of this mechanism helps us to understand the molecular mechanism ofinhibiting OSCC invasion and metastasis by BJO, which has important clinical value or improving the survival rate of OSCC patients.

Background This study aims to address the timing of repair for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) without the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and to determine the feasibility of an earlier intervention to avoid deaths associated with non-repair in patients who are more challenging to stabilize without ECMO.Methods This single-center retrospective study was conducted on neonates with CDH from 2013 to 2023. Based on the timing of surgery, the patients were classified into three groups:

Bacterial diseases pose significant threats to agriculture and natural ecosystems, causing substantial crop losses and impacting food security. Until now, there has been a less efficient control strategy against some bacterial diseases such as bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In this study, we screened a library of 58 microorganism-derived natural products for their antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum. Gatifloxacin hydrochloride exhibited the best inhibitory effect with an inhibition rate of 95% at 0.0625 mg/L. Further experiments demonstrate that gatifloxacin hydrochloride inhibits R. solanacearum growth in a concentration-dependent manner, with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.125 mg/L. Treatment with 0.5 mg/L of gatifloxacin hydrochloride killed more than 95% of bacteria. Gatifloxacin hydrochloride significantly inhibited biofilm formation by R. solanacearum. Gatifloxacin hydrochloride also shows good antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Exogenous application of gatifloxacin hydrochloride suppressed disease development caused by R. solanacearum and P. syringae. In summary, our results demonstrate the great potential of microorganism-derived compounds as broad-spectrum antibacterial compounds, providing alternative ways for the efficient control of bacterial plant diseases.

Objective Microtransplantation (MST) has been found to enhance clinical outcomes in elderly patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared with chemotherapy alone. It is important to investigate clinical effectiveness and mechanisms.Methods From January 2012 to December 2022, a total of 40 patients over 60 years with newly diagnosed low – and medium-risk AML were analyzed retrospectively, which was divided into two groups: MST group (chemotherapy combined with donor peripheral blood stem cell [PBSC] injection, n = 20) and control group (chemotherapy alone, n = 20). Flow cytometry and commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to measure changes in the percentage of natural killer (NK) cells and the quantity of interferon IFN-γ. The complete remission (CR), 2-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were also calculated following therapy.Results After induction chemotherapy, the 20 MST patients had a CR rate of 60%, a 2-year OS of 61.8%, and a 2-year DFS of 51.6%.Conclusion MST has a faster hematological recovery and a greater CR, both of which can enhance OS and DFS in elderly AML patients. After MST, there is a significant correlation between the percentage of NK cells and the quantity of IFN-γ. This suggests that NK cells and IFN-γ are putative immunologic mechanisms of MST action.

Concerns around reliability in China’s electricity sector have rekindled interest in a traditional solution: building more coal-fired generation. However, over the past decade China’s electricity sector has seen significant changes in supply costs, demand patterns, and regulation and markets over the past decade, with falling costs for renewable and storage generation, “peakier” demand, and the creation of initial wholesale markets. These changes suggest that traditional approaches to evaluating the economics of different supply options may be outdated. This paper illustrates how a net capacity cost metric – fixed costs minus net market revenues – might be better suited to evaluating supply options in China. Using a simplified example with recent resource cost data, the paper illustrates how, with a net capacity cost metric, solar PV and electricity storage may be a more cost-effective option for meeting demand growth than coal-fired generation.

Characterized by their pivotal roles in cell-to-cell communication, cell proliferation, and immune regulation during tissue repair, exosomes have emerged as a promising avenue for “cell-free therapy” in clinical applications. Hydrogels, possessing commendable biocompatibility, degradability, adjustability, and physical properties akin to biological tissues, have also found extensive utility in tissue engineering and regenerative repair. The synergistic combination of exosomes and hydrogels holds the potential not only to enhance the efficiency of exosomes but also to collaboratively advance the tissue repair process. This review has summarized the advancements made over the past decade in the research of hydrogel-exosome systems for regenerating various tissues including skin, bone, cartilage, nerves and tendons, with a focus on the methods for encapsulating and releasing exosomes within the hydrogels. It has also critically examined the gaps and limitations in current research, whilst proposed future directions and potential applications of this innovative approach.