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Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is a Cu2+-dependent amine oxidase, and it catalyzes the oxidative deamination of the ε-amino group of Lys residues on elastin and collagen, which is critical for extracellular matrix modeling. Stability is an important property for protein and it directly affects the dynamics and function of protein, which strongly relates to the human health and disease. However, the stability of LOXL2 is not well defined, i.e., which residues are important for its stability is unclear. In this paper, protein stability of LOXL2 was calculated by four methods, viz. mCSM, PremPS, DeepDDG and FoldX. Our results indicate that 95 residues (key residues) are important for the stability of LOXL2, with the amount of 14, 13, 8, 11, 26 in domain 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively, while 23 in the linker between domains. Among these key residues, the types (numbers) are Leu (24), Val (20), Ile (12), Trp (11), Phe (11), Tyr (6), Cys (6), Met (4) and Arg (1). Most of the key residues are hydrophobic (88 in 95), which is consistent with the fact that hydrophobic interaction is the main force in protein folding. Cys residues are paired to constitute disulfide bonds, which play an important role in the structure and function of LOXL2. In the discussion, we compare the results with experimental data, and use the free energy perturbation for verification, which prove the reliability of this work. Thus, this study provides important insight for the research of disease treatment targeting LOXL2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl)/silver (Ag)/tungsten oxide (WO3) nanocomposite was produced by laser ablation to enhance photocatalytic performance. The ternary nanocomposite showed a superior photocatalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible light compared to pure BiOCl and BiOCl/Ag with degradation up to 74%, 62%, and 52 %, respectively. The addition of Ag improved the dispersibility of BiOCl and WO3, which reduced the recombination of electron–hole pairs and can be responsible for higher photocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation The rapid development of high-throughput biomedical technologies can provide researchers with detailed multi-omics data. The multi-omics integrated analysis approach based on machine learning contributes a more comprehensive perspective to human disease research. However, there are still significant challenges in representing single-omics data and integrating multi-omics information. Results This article presents HyperTMO, a Trusted Multi-Omics integration framework based on Hypergraph convolutional network for patient classification. HyperTMO constructs hypergraph structures to represent the association between samples in single-omics data, then evidence extraction is performed by hypergraph convolutional network, and multi-omics information is integrated at an evidence level. Last, we experimentally demonstrate that HyperTMO outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in breast cancer subtype classification and Alzheimer's disease classification tasks using multi-omics data from TCGA (BRCA) and ROSMAP datasets. Importantly, HyperTMO is the first attempt to integrate hypergraph structure, evidence theory, and multi-omics integration for patient classification. Its accurate and robust properties bring great potential for applications in clinical diagnosis. Availability and implementation HyperTMO and datasets are publicly available at https://github.com/ippousyuga/HyperTMO [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the accuracy and efficiency of fish behavior assessment, this paper focuses on quantitatively exploring the variations and relationships between different monitoring dimensions. A systematic comparison was conducted between 3D and 2D behavioral factors using an infrared tracing system, during both day and night. Significant differences in swimming distance were observed among the different monitoring methods, as determined by two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's test. A correction was applied to account for the disparities observed in 2D swimming distance, ensuring accurate measurements. These findings present a cost‐effective and efficient approach for obtaining precise 3D distance data. Additionally, a kinematic factor called the "number of U‐turns" was proposed to provide a more intuitive characterization of directional changes in fish swimming. Significant differences were observed between 2D and 3D data, with higher percentages of false U‐turn counts and missing U‐turn counts compared to correct counts in the 2D view. These findings suggest that reducing the monitoring dimension may impact the accurate estimation of swimming motion, potentially resulting in inaccurate outcomes. Finally, the statistical analyses of the non‐linear properties of fractal dimension revealed significant differences among the various monitoring methods. This conclusion has practical implications for biologists and physicists, enabling them to improve the accuracy of behavioral phenotyping for organisms exhibiting 3D motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding treatment burden is a critical element to the effective management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The current study aims to address the knowledge gap surrounding treatment burden of T2DM from the patient's perspective in China's primary care settings. Methods: A narrative review informed the creation of an a priori coding structure to identify aspects of T2DM treatment burden. Focus groups were conducted, employing a maximum variation sampling strategy to select participants from diverse sociodemographic backgrounds across urban, suburban, rural, and remote areas in China. Participants included adults with T2DM care in primary care settings for over a year and a Treatment Burden Questionnaire score of 25 or higher. Deductive thematic analysis, guided by the coding structure, facilitated a comprehensive exploration and further development of the conceptual framework of T2DM treatment burden. Results: Four focus groups, each comprising five participants from diverse areas, were conducted. Utilising the Cumulative Complexity Model and Normalisation Process Theory as theoretical underpinnings, the thematic analysis refined the conceptual framework based on the coding structure from the narrative review. Five key themes were refined, encompassing medical information, medication, administration, healthcare system, and lifestyle. Additionally, the financial and time/travel themes merged into a new theme termed "personal resources", illustrating their overlapping within the framework. Participants in these focus groups highlighted challenges in managing medical information, an aspect often underrepresented in prior treatment burden research. The thematic analysis culminated in a finalised conceptual framework, offering a comprehensive understanding of the treatment burden experiences of people with T2DM in China's primary care settings. This framework includes six key constructs, delineating T2DM treatment burden and associated factors, such as antecedents and consequences. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the treatment burden of T2DM. A conceptual framework was finalised to deepen the understanding of the multifaceted constructs and the nature of treatment burden in people with T2DM. Furthermore, it emphasises the need to tailor T2DM treatment to individual capacities, considering their personal resource allocation and treatment utilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image compression constitutes a significant challenge amid the era of information explosion. Recent studies employing deep learning methods have demonstrated the superior performance of learning-based image compression methods over traditional codecs. However, an inherent challenge associated with these methods lies in their lack of interpretability. Following an analysis of the varying degrees of compression degradation across different frequency bands, we propose the end-to-end optimized image compression model facilitated by the frequency-oriented transform. The proposed end-to-end image compression model consists of four components: spatial sampling, frequency-oriented transform, entropy estimation, and frequency-aware fusion. The frequency-oriented transform separates the original image signal into distinct frequency bands, aligning with the human-interpretable concept. Leveraging the non-overlapping hypothesis, the model enables scalable coding through the selective transmission of arbitrary frequency components. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate that our model outperforms all traditional codecs including next-generation standard H.266/VVC on MS-SSIM metric. Moreover, visual analysis tasks (i.e., object detection and semantic segmentation) are conducted to verify the proposed compression method that could preserve semantic fidelity besides signal-level precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the clinical factors associated with the effectiveness of stapedotomy in improving hearing sensitivity in Taiwanese patients with otosclerosis. Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of 31 patients (36 ears) with otosclerosis undergoing stapedotomy performed by a single surgeon. Preoperative and postoperative hearing results were analyzed to identify factors associated with hearing outcomes after stapedotomy in the Taiwanese population with clinical otosclerosis. Results: Compared with preoperative pure tone averages (PTAs), stapedotomy significantly improved postoperative air conduction (AC) thresholds (P <.0001), bone conduction (BC) thresholds (P =.025), and air-bone gaps (ABGs; P <.0001). Postoperative closure of ABGs less than 10 or 20 dB was achieved in 16 (44.4%) and 33 (91.7%) of 36 surgical ears. Improvement in postoperative AC thresholds and ABGs and the size of preoperative ABGs were significantly correlated (r =.650, P <.001 and r =.745, P <.001, respectively). Gender-stratified analysis indicated a stronger correlation between improvement in postoperative AC thresholds and preoperative ABGs in male patients than in female patients (r =.893, P <.001 and r =.476, P =.014, respectively), and in postoperative and preoperative ABGs (r =.933, P <.001 and r =.626, P <.001, respectively). With the more stringent criteria for surgical success, factors including age (≤50 years), type (conductive, BC ≤25 dB), and degree (PTA ≤55 dB) of preoperative hearing loss led to more favorable outcomes. Conclusions: We reported evidence supporting a potential gender difference on hearing outcomes after stapedotomy in Taiwanese patients with otosclerosis. Age, type, and degree of preoperative hearing loss may affect the surgical success rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable devices can non-invasively monitor patients with chronic diseases. Sweat is an easily accessible biofluid for continuous sampling of analytes, including inflammatory markers and cytokines. We evaluated a sweat sensing wearable device in subjects with and without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Participants with an IBD related hospital admission and a C-reactive protein level above 5 mg/L wore a sweat sensing wearable device for up to 5 days. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were continually assessed in the sweat via the sensor, and daily in the blood. A second cohort of healthy subjects without chronic diseases wore the device for up to 48 h. Twenty-eight subjects were enrolled. In the 16 subjects with IBD, a moderate linear relationship between serum and sweat TNF-α levels was observed (R2 = 0.72). Subjects with IBD were found to have a mean sweat TNF-α level of 2.11 pg/mL, compared to a mean value of 0.19 pg/mL in 12 healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Sweat TNF-α measurements differentiated subjects with active IBD from healthy subjects with an AUC of 0.962 (95% CI 0.894–1.000). A sweat sensing wearable device can longitudinally measure key sweat-based markers of IBD. TNF-α levels in the sweat of subjects with IBD correlate with serum values, suggesting feasibility in non-invasive disease monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An updated overview of ultrasound (US) for diagnosis of acute cholecystitis (AC) remains lacking. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of US for AC. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We meticulously screened articles from MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, spanning from inception to August 2023. We employed the search strategy combining the keywords "bedside US", "emergency US" or "point-of-care US" with "AC". Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles to identify suitable studies. The inclusion criteria encompassed articles investigating the diagnostic performance of US for AC. Data regarding diagnostic performance, sonographers, and sonographic findings including the presence of gallstone, gallbladder (GB) wall thickness, peri-GB fluid, or sonographic Murphy sign were extracted, and a meta-analysis was executed. Case reports, editorials, and review articles were excluded, as well as studies focused on acalculous cholecystitis. The study quality was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Results: Forty studies with 8,652 patients were included. The majority of studies had a low risk of bias and applicability concerns. US had a pooled sensitivity of 71% (95% CI, 69–72%), a specificity of 85% (95% CI, 84–86%), and an accuracy of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.82–0.83) for the diagnosis of AC. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 71% (95% CI, 67–74%) and 92% (95% CI, 90–93%) performed by emergency physicians (EPs), 79% (95% CI, 71–85%) and 76% (95% CI, 69–81%) performed by surgeons, and 68% (95% CI 66–71%) and 87% (95% CI, 86–88%) performed by radiologists, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups. Conclusion: US is a good imaging modality for the diagnosis of AC. EP-performed US has a similar diagnostic performance to radiologist-performed US. Further investigations would be needed to investigate the impact of US on expediting the management process and improving patient-centered outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gemcitabine resistance has brought great challenges to the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mutation has been shown to have a significant regulatory role in chemosensitivity; however, it is not apparent whether gemcitabine resistance can be regulated by fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO). Methods: Cells with established gemcitabine resistance and tissues from pancreatic cancer patients were used to evaluate FTO expression. The biological mechanisms of the effects of FTO on gemcitabine resistant cells were investigated using CCK-8, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and inhibitory concentration 50. Immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry, MeRIP-seq, RNA sequencing and RIP assays, RNA stability, luciferase reporter, and RNA pull down assays were employed to examine the mechanism of FTO affecting gemcitabine resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Results: The results revealed that FTO was substantially expressed in cells and tissues that were resistant to gemcitabine. Functionally, the gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer could be enhanced by FTO, while its depletion inhibited the growth of gemcitabine resistant tumor cells in vivo. Immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry showed that the FTO protein can be bound to USP7 and deubiquitinated by USP7, leading to the upregulation of FTO. At the same time, FTO knockdown significantly decreased the expression level of NEDD4 in an m6A-dependent manner. RNA pull down and RNA immunoprecipitation verified YTHDF2 as the reader of NEDD4, which promoted the chemoresistance of gemcitabine resistant cells. FTO knockdown markedly increased the PTEN expression level in an NEDD4-dependent manner and influenced the chemosensitivity to gemcitabine through the PI3K/AKT pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer can be influenced by FTO that demethylates NEDD4 RNA in a m6A-dependent manner, which then influences the PTEN expression level and thereby affects the PI3K/AKT pathway. We also identified that the FTO level can be upregulated by USP7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing upon Wave 7 of the World Value Survey, this study performed multilevel analysis on fear of crime among 47,996 residents from 36 diverse nations. Confidence in the government and perceived government performance were identified as significant predictors of crime fear. Further analysis showed the effect of confidence in the government stemmed primarily from between-country variation, whereas both within-country and between-country variation in perceived government performance shaped fear of crime. In addition, macroeconomic factors and the proportion of urban population, but not national-level homicide rate, were found to be salient country-level predictors. The findings contextualize the elevated fear of crime in some countries despite declining crime rates and inform the recommendation that institutional confidence and performance be prioritized in crime fear reduction efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from the 2017 Chinese General Social Survey, this study is one of the first to directly compare the effect of reciprocal versus authoritarian filial piety on the Chinese public attitudes towards same-sex sexual behaviour using a nationally representative sample. Consistent with previous research, the findings from this study reveal that endorsing reciprocal and authoritarian filial piety exert qualitatively different influences on public attitudes towards same-sex sexual behaviour. While reciprocal filial piety was not linked to disapproval of same-sex sexual behaviour in the current study, authoritarian filial piety was found to significantly predict a disproving attitude. This effect remained statistically significant even after controlling for other demographic and social-psychological variables commonly identified to predict homophobia. Findings from this study further our knowledge of the critical yet nuanced role of filial piety in shaping public attitudes towards same-sex sexual behaviour in China. In terms of implications for policy and practice, organised efforts should aim to steer public interpretations of filial piety away from its authoritarian dimension through education, advocacy and activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although partition temperature derived using the Darwin–Fowler method is exact for simple scenarios, the derivation for complex systems might reside in specific approximations whose viability is not ensured if the thermodynamic limit is not attained. This work elaborates on a related problem relevant to relativistic high-energy collisions. On the one hand, it is simple enough that closed-form expressions can be obtained precisely for the one-particle distribution function. On the other hand, the resulting expression is not an exponential form, and therefore, it is not straightforward that the notion of partition function could be implied. Specifically, we derive the one-particle distribution function for massless particles where the phase-space integration is performed exactly for the underlying canonical ensemble consisting of a given number of particles. We discuss the viability of the partition temperature in this case. Possible implications of the obtained results regarding the observed Tsallis distribution in transverse momentum spectra in high-energy collisions are also addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Batteries are the core component of electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs), being crucial technologies contributing to carbon neutrality, energy security, power system reliability, economic efficiency, etc. The effective operation of batteries requires precise knowledge of the state of health (SOH) of the battery. A lack of proper knowledge of SOH may lead to the improper use of severely aged batteries, which may result in degraded system performance or even a risk of failure. This makes it important to accurately estimate battery SOH using only operational data, and this is the main topic of this study. In this study, we propose a novel method for online SOH estimation for batteries featuring simple online computation and robustness against measurement anomalies while avoiding the need for full cycle discharging and charging operation data. Our proposed method is based on incremental capacity analysis (ICA) to extract battery aging feature parameters and regression using simple piecewise linear interpolation. Our proposed method is compared with back-propagation neural network (BPNN) regression, a popular method for SOH estimation, in case studies involving actual data from battery aging experiments under realistic discharging and temperature conditions. In terms of accuracy, our method is on par with BPNN results (about 5% maximum relative error), while the simplicity of our method leads to better computation efficiency and robustness against data anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insects often face both conditions with sufficient nutrients and conditions of undernutrition in the field. Through gustatory receptors, insects sense nutrients and regulate their physiological functions such as feeding and reproduction. However, it remains unclear whether signaling pathways activated by gustatory receptors depend on the concentration of nutrients and whether the difference in signaling pathways directly affects insects' physiological functions. Herein, we found that a sugar gustatory receptor, NlGr11, from the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, activated G protein‐coupled signaling and ionotropic pathways when bound to high galactose concentration. BPHs subsequently demonstrated longer feeding times, feeding loads, and higher vitellogenin (NlVg) expression than BPHs exposed to high galactose concentrations, which only activated the ionotropic pathway. For the first time, our findings link plant nutrient conditions, signaling pathways activated by nutrients, and their gustatory receptors, and nutrient dose‐dependent feeding efficacy and vitellogenin (Vg) expression in an insect. This will help us to better understand the molecular mechanism for insect feeding strategies on plants at different stages of nutritional conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gemcitabine resistance has brought great challenges to the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mutation has been shown to have a significant regulatory role in chemosensitivity; however, it is not apparent whether gemcitabine resistance can be regulated by fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO). Methods: Cells with established gemcitabine resistance and tissues from pancreatic cancer patients were used to evaluate FTO expression. The biological mechanisms of the effects of FTO on gemcitabine resistant cells were investigated using CCK-8, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and inhibitory concentration 50. Immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry, MeRIP-seq, RNA sequencing and RIP assays, RNA stability, luciferase reporter, and RNA pull down assays were employed to examine the mechanism of FTO affecting gemcitabine resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Results: The results revealed that FTO was substantially expressed in cells and tissues that were resistant to gemcitabine. Functionally, the gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer could be enhanced by FTO, while its depletion inhibited the growth of gemcitabine resistant tumor cells in vivo. Immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry showed that the FTO protein can be bound to USP7 and deubiquitinated by USP7, leading to the upregulation of FTO. At the same time, FTO knockdown significantly decreased the expression level of NEDD4 in an m6A-dependent manner. RNA pull down and RNA immunoprecipitation verified YTHDF2 as the reader of NEDD4, which promoted the chemoresistance of gemcitabine resistant cells. FTO knockdown markedly increased the PTEN expression level in an NEDD4-dependent manner and influenced the chemosensitivity to gemcitabine through the PI3K/AKT pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer can be influenced by FTO that demethylates NEDD4 RNA in a m6A-dependent manner, which then influences the PTEN expression level and thereby affects the PI3K/AKT pathway. We also identified that the FTO level can be upregulated by USP7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ventilation corridor is an essential element in urban planning and design to improve the climate and environment. In this paper, four forms of two ventilation corridors were set up in the southeast of Wuhan City based on its urban planning outline to quantitatively study the influences of different ventilation corridor forms on the urban thermal environment in summer. The urban micro-meteorological environment was simulated using the next-generation mesoscale Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model coupled with an urban canopy model (UCM). Critical time-dependent meteorological values were extracted and plotted, including temperature and wind difference fields, average temperature at 2-m height, average wind speed at 10-m height, and surface energy flux. By conducting a comparative analysis of the quantitative results, the ventilation corridors in construction land are arranged at intervals in the upwind position of the city in summer, which can slightly adjust the thermal environment of the central area of the city, and have an effective regulation on the temperature of the corridors and surrounding areas during the daytime. Especially at 15:00 pm when the temperature is at its highest during the day, the temperature can be reduced by 0.8 °C. Compared to other corridors, the wind speed in and around the corridor is the strongest 11 h a day. Due to the internal arrangement of construction land, this corridor form is more advantageous in the urban land utilization. After considering comprehensively, the ventilation corridor form with construction land arranged at intervals is the preferred corridor form in the southeast of Wuhan. The experimental results can provide quantitative reference for the layout of ventilation corridors in hot inland cities located in central China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the utilization of user-generated content for product improvement and decision-making processes. In the era of big data, the channels through which enterprises obtain user feedback information are transitioning from traditional methods to online platforms. The original data for this study were obtained from customer reviews of cordless hairdryers on JD.com. The specific process is as follows: First, we used the Python Requests package to crawl 20,157 initial comments. Subsequently, the initial data were cleaned, resulting in 1405 valid comments. Next, the cleaned and valid comments were segmented into Chinese words using the HanLP package. Finally, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method was applied for topic modeling. The visualization of the topic clustering was generated using pyLDAvis, and three optimal topics were identified. These topics were named "User Experience", "Product Evaluation", and "Product Features", respectively. Through data analysis and expert consultation, this study developed product design improvement strategies based on online reviews and verified the validity of the developed cordless hairdryer design index system through a questionnaire survey, providing practical references and innovative theoretical foundations for future product design assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease. The characteristic pathology of progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in people with PD is associated with iron accumulation and is suggested to be driven in part by the novel cell death pathway, ferroptosis. A unique modality of cell death, ferroptosis is mediated by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation. The mechanisms of ferroptosis inhibitors enhance antioxidative capacity to counter the oxidative stress from lipid peroxidation, such as through the system xc−/glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis and the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)/FSP1 pathway. Another means to reduce ferroptosis is with iron chelators. To date, there is no disease-modifying therapy to cure or slow PD progression, and a recent topic of research seeks to intervene with the development of PD via regulation of ferroptosis. In this review, we provide a discussion of different cell death pathways, the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, the role of ferroptosis in blood–brain barrier damage, updates on PD studies in ferroptosis, and the latest progress of pharmacological agents targeting ferroptosis for the intervention of PD in clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined homophobic name-calling among 2,161 middle school students in the US and found that those who had experienced homophobic name-calling fared significantly worse than those who had never experienced it, regardless of whether they were called names by rivals, strangers, or friends. While this study also found evidence that the adverse mental health effect of homophobic name-calling was worse if it had been initiated by rivals than by friends, the overall findings affirm the potent and enduring toxicity of homophobic name-calling on adolescents' mental health documented in previous studies. Despite some limitations, findings from this study shed light on our currently ambiguous understanding of the conditioning effect of social distance on the negative psychological impacts of homophobic name-calling and pose several implications for bullying prevention and intervention practice and policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, atmospheric perturbations residing over around epicenters of forthcoming earthquakes were remotely sensed by the multiple instruments of the MVP-LAI (Monitoring of Vibrations and Perturbations in Lithosphere, Atmosphere and Ionosphere) system. In this study, we found another way and proposed a theory for the evolution of the perturbations in the atmosphere from the aspect of numerical simulation. We started from the fundamental hydromechanics equations for the perturbations based on the atmospheric dynamics in the cylindrical symmetric coordinate to solve their analytical solution. The solution shows that a persistent vibration at the bottom of the cylindrical symmetric coordinate tends to decay exponentially with along altitude. In other words, a persistent ground vibration in a wide area can rapidly evolve into small-scale perturbations in the atmosphere. The preliminary theoretical model in this study shows the kernel concept for the coupling of geospheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus was first detected in Wuhan, China. Soon after, China became the first country in the world to enforce strict lockdown protocols in an effort to mitigate the spread of the disease. This study examines the perceptions of pandemic rules enforcement during the first COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 among 600 Chinese police officers. The analyses reveal that police departments' prompt and adequate adjustment to the pandemic, police officers' procedural justice in interacting with citizens, and police perceptions of police trustworthiness among the citizens all had direct and indirect effects on public compliance to lockdown enforcement during the pandemic. These findings affirm the role of police procedural justice in public compliance to law enforcement in China and stress the importance of organizational adjustment and public trust during an emergency situation such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications to pandemic-related policymaking and enforcement are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the flow pattern of the flow coating technology applied to substrates with a complex three-dimensional surface (the lens of an automotive lighting lamp) and the possible defects (mainly "wrinkles"), numerical simulation was used to simulate the coating implementation process. The complex geometric surface of the substrate was simplified and partitioned such that the simulation resources were significantly reduced. The k–ε realizable turbulence model and the volume of fluid multiphase model were used for the numerical solution. The flow pattern and moving contact line are analyzed by fluid dynamics, as well as the reasons for the formation of "wrinkles" and the "heel" phenomenon. It can be concluded from the comparison of the results and the actual experiments/videos that the method used in this study can effectively simulate the flow field in the implementation of the flow coating technology and predict the main defects of the flow field caused by the three-dimensional geometric characteristics of the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Open reduction and internal fixation with plates is the most widespread surgery in traumatic pubic symphysis diastasis. However, implant failure or recurrent diastasis was commonly observed during follow-up. The aim of our study was to evaluate the radiologic findings and clinical outcomes. Materials and methods: Sixty-five patients with traumatic pubic symphysis diastasis treated with plating between 2008 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The exclusion criteria were a history of malignancy and age under 20 years. Radiographic outcomes were determined by radiograph findings, including pubic symphysis distance (PSD) and implant failure. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to the Majeed score at the final follow-up. Results: Twenty-eight patients were finally included. Nine patients (32%) experienced implant failure, including four (14%) with screw loosening and five (18%) with plate breakage. Only one patient underwent revision surgery. Postoperatively, a significant increase in PSD was observed at 3 months and 6 months. Postoperative PSD was not significantly different between patients with single plating and double plating, but it was significantly greater in the implant-failure group than in the non-failure group. The Majeed score was similar between patients with single plating and double plating or between the implant-failure group and the non-failure group. Body mass index, number of plates, age, and initial injured PSD were not significantly different between the implant-failure group and the non-failure group. Only a significant male predominance was observed in the implant-failure group. Conclusion: A gradual increase in the symphysis distance and a high possibility of implant failure may be the distinguishing features of traumatic pubic symphysis diastasis fixation. The postoperative symphyseal distance achieved stability after 6 months, even after implant failure. Radiographic outcomes, such as increased symphysis distance, screw loosening, and plate breakage, did not affect clinical functional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to protect the cultural heritage of opera costumes, establish visual labels for opera costumes, accelerate the establishment of a database for opera costumes, and increase the dissemination of opera culture, we propose an improved You Only Look Once (YOLO) v5-based opera costume recognition model for opera costumes with a wide range of styles, rich colors, and complex stage environments. By adding Coordinate Attention (CA) mechanism to the backbone of YOLOv5, the network can focus on more interesting information when extracting features; replacing the original feature pyramid module with a weighted bidirectional feature pyramid module in the Neck part to achieve efficient fusion of features; replacing the original loss function GIOU with DIOU to improve the detection accuracy and convergence speed. The average detection accuracy of the improved YOLOv5 model reaches 86.3% and its inference speed reaches 28 ms per frame through experiments on the homemade Chinese costume dataset, which improves the average detection accuracy by 3.1% compared with the original model, and has good robustness in detecting complex scenes such as covered targets, light-colored costumes, cross targets, dense targets and different angles. The model meets the requirements for accuracy and real-time costume recognition in complex theatrical environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, event-by-event fluctuations are known to have non-trivial implications. Even though the probability distribution is geometrically isotropic for the initial conditions, the anisotropic ε n still differs from zero owing to the statistical fluctuations in the energy profile. On the other hand, the flow harmonics extracted from the hadron spectrum using the multi-particle correlators are inevitably subjected to non-vanishing variance due to the finite number of hadrons emitted in individual events. As one aims to extract information on the fluctuations in the initial conditions via flow harmonics and their fluctuations, finite multiplicity may play a role in interfering with such an effort. In this study, we explore the properties and impacts of such fluctuations in the initial and final states, which both notably appear to be statistical ones originating from the finite number of quanta of the underlying system. We elaborate on the properties of the initial-state eccentricities for the smooth and event-by-event fluctuating initial conditions and their distinct impacts on the resulting flow harmonics. Numerical simulations are performed. The possible implications of the present study are also addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted great attention in the application of cell-based therapy because of their pluripotent differentiation and immunomodulatory ability. Due to the limited number of MSCs isolated from donor tissues, a large number of MSCs need to be expanded in a traditional two-dimensional cell culture device to obtain a sufficient therapeutic amount. However, long-term cultivation of MSCs in vitro has been proven to reduce their differentiation potential and change their immunomodulatory characteristics. We aimed to explore the cellular heterogeneity and differentiation potential of different MSCs expanded in vitro and reconstruct the complex cloning track of cells in the process of differentiation. Methods: Single cell transcriptome sequencing was combined with 'CellTagging', which is a composite barcode indexing method that can capture the cloning history and cell identity in parallel to track the differentiation process of the same cell over time. Results: Through the single-cell transcriptome and CellTagging, we found that the heterogeneity of human adipose tissue derived stem cells (hADSCs) in the early stage of culture was very limited. With the passage, the cells spontaneously differentiated during the process of division and proliferation, and the heterogeneity of the cells increased. By tracing the differentiation track of cells, we found most cells have the potential for multidirectional differentiation, while a few cells have the potential for unidirectional differentiation. One subpopulation of hADSCs with the specific osteoblast differentiation potential was traced from the early stage to the late stage, which indicates that the differentiation trajectories of the cells are determined in the early stages of lineage transformation. Further, considering that all genes related to osteogenic differentiation have not yet been determined, we identified that there are some genes that are highly expressed specifically in the hADSC subsets that can successfully differentiate into osteoblasts, such as Serpin Family E Member 2 (SERPINE2), Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 1 (SFRP1), Keratin 7 (KRT7), Peptidase Inhibitor 16 (PI16), and Carboxypeptidase E (CPE), which may be key regulatory genes for osteogenic induction, and finally proved that the SERPINE2 gene can promote the osteogenic process. Conclusion: The results of this study contribute toward the exploration of the heterogeneity of hADSCs and improving our understanding of the influence of heterogeneity on the differentiation potential of cells. Through this study, we found that the SERPINE2 gene plays a decisive role in the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs, which lays a foundation for establishing a more novel and complete induction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social organization of groups varies greatly across primate species, ranging from egalitarian to despotic. Moreover, the typical or average size of groups varies greatly across primate species. Yet we know little about how group size affects social organization across primate species. Here we used the hawk-dove game (HDG) to model the evolution of social organization as a function of maximum group size and used the evolved frequency of hawks as a measure of egalitarian/despotism in societies. That is, the lower the frequency of hawks, the more egalitarian a society is, and the higher the frequency of hawks, the more despotic it is. To do this, we built an agent-based model in which agents live in groups and play the HDG with fellow group members to obtain resources to reproduce offspring. Offspring inherit the strategy of their parent (hawk or dove) with a low mutation rate. When groups reach a specified maximum size, they are randomly divided into two groups. We show that the evolved frequency of hawks is dramatically lower for relatively small maximum group sizes than predicted analytically for the HDG. We discuss the relevance of group size for understanding and modeling primate social systems, including the transition from hunter-gather societies to agricultural societies of the Neolithic era. We conclude that group size should be included in our theoretical understanding of the organization of primate social systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clean and efficient biofuels sourced from lignocellulosic biomass can play a significant role in achieving carbon neutrality. Enzymatic hydrolysis is regarded as a vital step in this process. In this study, inspired by the digestion process of termites, a two-stage microreactor system loaded with enzymes was proposed, for the first time, to hydrolyze wheat straw into monosaccharides efficiently. The two-stage microreactor system is composed of sections loaded with xylanase and cellulase sequentially. When 2.5% (w/w) wheat straw was reacted in the first stage for 24 h, hemicellulose was degraded by 16.8%, leading to an increase in cellulose accessibility by 8.1%. During this process, the specific surface area and porosity of wheat straw also increased, which enabled the cellulase in the second stage to degrade cellulose more efficiently, thereby increasing the glucose production by 89.7% in the second stage within 6 h as compared with the control. The total sugar yield obtained at a total hydrolysis time of 36 h in the two-stage microreactor was 3.0 times that obtained using the microreactor loaded with cellulase only. Therefore, the two-stage microreactor system loaded with enzymes was demonstrated as an effective means for enhancing lignocellulosic conversion under mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bi-MOF nanocomposites were synthesized by self-assembly in hydrothermal reaction. • Quantum dot-like magnetic metals were embedded in C matrix derived from bilayer MOFs. • The core-shell double carbon layer enhanced dielectric loss and impedance matching. • Unique nanostructures contributed to efficient and tunable absorbing properties. • The reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth of Bi-MOF nanocomposites are adjustable through structure control. Metal-organic framework materials (MOF) have become a new generation of microwave absorption (MA) materials. However, it is still challenging to design an appropriate microstructure that can efficiently adjust the microwave absorbing characteristics. Herein, a novel bimetal-doped core-shell carbon derived from nickel-cobalt dual-ligand MOF has been successfully prepared. By changing the ratio of the second ligand, the morphology can change from sea urchin-like to rod-like and petal-like shapes, thereby regulating the final wave absorption performance of MOF derivatives. The Bi-MOF-1 exhibited strong microwave absorption (up to −70.70 dB), while Bi-MOF-2 presented broad effective absorption bandwidth (5.92 GHz). The analyses indicated that the excellent impedance matching can be attributed to the double-layer magnetic loss and multiple dielectric loss of the core-shell structure. This work provides a feasible approach for the design and preparation of functional composite structures based on MOF derivatives with controllable microwave absorbing properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was first pointed out by Koyama and Tomimatsu that, under reasonable assumptions, the asymptotic late-time tails of massive scalar perturbations in the far zone of spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes decay universally as t - 5 / 6 . The late-time tail is furnished by the contribution from the branch cut of the frequency-domain Green's function, which is constructed in terms of two appropriate solutions of the corresponding homogeneous equation. The present study focuses on some particular forms of the in-going wave that were not explicitly considered in the original derivations but nonetheless have been taken into account in the literature by other authors. In this regard, we reassess the authors' arguments and provide a detailed complimentary analysis that covers a few specific aspects. For some particular cases, the tail is found to possess the form t - 1 . We also discuss the possible implications of the present findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug–drug interaction (DDI) prediction has received considerable attention from industry and academia. Most existing methods predict DDIs from drug attributes or relationships with neighbors, which does not guarantee that informative drug embeddings for prediction will be obtained. To address this limitation, we propose a multitype drug interaction prediction method based on the deep fusion of drug features and topological relationships, abbreviated DM-DDI. The proposed method adopts a deep fusion strategy to combine drug features and topologies to learn representative drug embeddings for DDI prediction. Specifically, a deep neural network model is first used on the drug feature matrix to extract feature information, while a graph convolutional network model is employed to capture structural information from the adjacency matrix. Then, we adopt delivery operations that allow the two models to exchange information between layers, as well as an attention mechanism for a weighted fusion of the two learned embeddings before the output layer. Finally, the unified drug embeddings for the downstream task are obtained. We conducted extensive experiments on real-world datasets, the experimental results demonstrated that DM-DDI achieved more accurate prediction results than state-of-the-art baselines. Furthermore, in two tasks that are more similar to real-world scenarios, DM-DDI outperformed other prediction methods for unknown drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart conversion of supramolecular structures in vivo is an attractive strategy in cancer nanomedicine, which is usually achieved via specific peptide sequences. Here we developed a lysosomal targeting small‐molecule conjugate, PBC, which self‐assembles into nanoparticles at physiological pH and smartly converts to nanofibrils in lysosomes of tumor cells. Such a transformation mechanically leads to lysosomal dysfunction, autophagy inhibition, and unusual cytoplasmic vacuolation, thus granting PBC a unique anticancer activity as a monotherapy. Importantly, the photo‐activated PBC elicits significant phototoxicity to lysosomes and shows enormous advantages in overcoming autophagy‐caused treatment resistance frequently occurring in conventional phototherapy. This improved phototherapy achieves a complete cure of oral cancer xenografts upon limited administration. Our work provides a new paradigm for the construction of nonpeptide nanotransformers with biomedical activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart conversion of supramolecular structures in vivo is an attractive strategy in cancer nanomedicine, which is usually achieved via specific peptide sequences. Here we developed a lysosomal targeting small‐molecule conjugate, PBC, which self‐assembles into nanoparticles at physiological pH and smartly converts to nanofibrils in lysosomes of tumor cells. Such a transformation mechanically leads to lysosomal dysfunction, autophagy inhibition, and unusual cytoplasmic vacuolation, thus granting PBC a unique anticancer activity as a monotherapy. Importantly, the photo‐activated PBC elicits significant phototoxicity to lysosomes and shows enormous advantages in overcoming autophagy‐caused treatment resistance frequently occurring in conventional phototherapy. This improved phototherapy achieves a complete cure of oral cancer xenografts upon limited administration. Our work provides a new paradigm for the construction of nonpeptide nanotransformers with biomedical activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Notch signaling pathway is a direct cell-cell communication system involved in a wide variety of biological processes, and its disruption is observed in several pathologies. The pathway is comprised of a ligand-expressing (sender) cell and a receptor-expressing (receiver) cell. The canonical ligands are members of the Delta/Serrate/Lag-1 (DSL) family of proteins. Their binding to a Notch receptor in a neighboring cell induces a conformational change in the receptor, which will undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), liberating the Notch intracellular domain (NICD). The NICD is translocated to the nucleus and promotes gene transcription. It has been demonstrated that the ligands can also undergo RIP and nuclear translocation, suggesting a function for the ligands in the sender cell and possible bidirectionality of the Notch pathway. Although the complete mechanism of ligand processing is not entirely understood, and its dependence on Notch receptors has not been ruled out. Also, ligands have autonomous functions beyond Notch activation. Here we review the concepts of reverse and bidirectional signalization of DSL proteins and discuss the characteristics that make them more than just ligands of the Notch pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A termite-inspired microreactor model was first proposed for glucose production. • The coupling of flow, mass transfer, and surface enzymatic catalysis is considered. • The set of villus and fold-like structures boosted glucose production by 58.5 %. • Vortices are generated through wall peristalsis to enhance mass transfer further. • Glucose yield in synergy with structures and peristalsis is 2.3 times of control. The enzymatic hydrolysis stage is regarded as a key step in the production of biofuels derived from lignocellulosic biomass, but the elevated production expenses and limited conversion efficiency are still not favorable for practical applications. In this study, inspired by the efficient degradation of cellulose in the termite gut, a cellulase-loaded flexible microreactor model with bionic surface structures was first proposed for the production of fermentable glucose. In such a system, the fold-like structures can provide more enzyme loading sites, and villus-like structures can not only increase enzyme loading but also improve radial transfer in the microreactor. These two structures synergized well and resulted in a 58.5% increase in glucose production compared to the control. Applying peristalsis can further enhance mass transfer by the formation of backflow and vortex, and reducing the peristaltic period is more effective than increasing the peristaltic amplitude for glucose production enhancement. The glucose concentration obtained by the synergistic enhancement of peristalsis and surface structure was 2.3 times of the control. Moreover, for reactions with higher intrinsic reaction rates, the system is in a mass transfer-limited state and peristaltic enhancement is more effective. These results give insight into the design of the bionic flexible microreactor for efficient glucose production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanillin is an aromatic organic compound that is widely used in the food and cosmetics industries. The development of a simple and rapid method for the naked-eye detection of vanillin is essential for monitoring the vanillin production process. In this study, liquid crystal 5CB (4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl) is doped with acetone and used as a sensing platform to detect vanillin in alkaline solutions with high specificity for the first time. Before the addition of vanillin, the acetone-doped 5CB adopts a homeotropic orientation and appears dark due to the formation of an electrical double layer (EDL) at the 5CB/water interface. In the presence of vanillin, it forms a complex with acetone inside 5CB, disrupting the EDL and the homeotropic orientation of 5CB. The event leads to a dark-to-bright transition which can be used to quantify the concentration of vanillin in a range between 0.1 and 25 mg/L. The limit of detection (LOD) for the vanillin sensor is 0.06 mg/L. As a proof of concept, the sensor is employed to monitor the vanillin concentration during oxidation of coniferyl alcohol. In the presence of 5000 mg/L of H 2 O 2 and 1 mg/L iron tetraamidomacrocyclic ligand (Fe-TAML), 1750 mg/L of coniferyl alcohol can be converted to 393.0 mg/L of vanillin after a 30-min reaction at room temperature. This study demonstrates potential applications of the acetone-doped liquid crystal sensors for monitoring the production of vanillin under various conditions. [Display omitted] • An acetone-doped liquid crystal sensor for vanillin detection is developed. • The limit of detection (LOD) for vanillin is 0.06 mg/L with high specificity. • Coniferyl alcohol can be oxidized to vanillin by using H 2 O 2 and a catalyst. • The sensor can be used to monitor the production of vanillin from coniferyl alcohol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Miro1 over-expression of WJMSCs enhanced intercellular communications and promoted cell proliferation in mitochondria-defective fibroblasts. • Miro1 over-expressed WJMSCs improved mitochondrial membrane potential and cell proliferation rates in mitochondria-defective fibroblasts. • Miro1 over-expressed WJMSCs decreased rotenone-induced apoptosis in mitochondria-defective fibroblasts. • Miro1 over-expressed WJMSCs reduced ROS production and helped restore bioenergetics in mitochondria-defective fibroblasts. • The potential effectiveness of a Miro1-targeted WJMSC-based therapy for restoring mitochondrial function is promising, thereby offering a novel therapeutic approach for MELAS and other mitochondria-related diseases. Mitochondria are important for maintaining cellular energy metabolism and regulating cellular senescence. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes subunits of the OXPHOS complexes which are essential for cellular respiration and energy production. Meanwhile, mtDNA variants have been associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including MELAS, for which no effective treatment has been developed. To alleviate the pathological conditions involved in mitochondrial disorders, mitochondria transfer therapy has shown promise. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) have been identified as suitable mitochondria donors for mitochondria-defective cells, wherein mitochondrial functions can be rescued. Miro1 participates in mitochondria trafficking by anchoring mitochondria to microtubules. In this study, we identified Miro1 over-expression as a factor that could help to enhance the efficiency of mitochondrial delivery. More specifically, we reveal that Miro1 over-expressed WJMSCs significantly improved intercellular communications, cell proliferation rates, and mitochondrial membrane potential, while restoring mitochondrial bioenergetics in mitochondria-defective fibroblasts. Furthermore, Miro1 over-expressed WJMSCs decreased rates of induced apoptosis and ROS production in MELAS fibroblasts; although, Miro1 over-expression did not rescue mtDNA mutation ratios nor mitochondrial biogenesis. This study presents a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for treating mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), and other diseases associated with dysfunctional mitochondria, while the pathophysiological relevance of our results should be further verified by animal models and clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the Ellis drainhole solution is derived in Einstein-Æther gravity, and subsequently, the axial quasinormal modes of the resulting drainhole are investigated. Owing to the presence of a minimally coupled scalar field with antiorthodox coupling polarity, the resultant metric solution is featured by a throat instead of a horizon, for which static æther solution becomes feasible. Moreover, the derived master equations for the axial gravitational perturbations consist of two coupled vector degrees of freedom. By utilizing the finite difference method, the temporal profiles of the quasinormal oscillations are evaluated, and, subsequently, the complex frequencies are extracted and compared against the specific values obtained by the WKB method when the coupling is turned off. Besides, the effect of the coupling on the low-lying quasinormal spectrum is explored, and its possible physical relevance is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there exists a growing body of research on female same-sex intimate partner violence (FSSIPV) as well as bidirectional intimate partner violence (BIPV) among lesbian women, much of this literature focuses on the IPV experience of women living in Western societies such as the United States. The current study represents the very first to explore BIPV among lesbian women in China. In this study, we analyze a survey sample of 225 self-identified lesbian women in China to examine FSSBIPV patterns, pattern-specific rates, and risk factors of FSSBIPV. Using the Latent Class Analysis technique, we discover three main patterns of partner abuse, including bidirectional psychological violence (60%), bidirectional violence multiple types with physical abuse (79.1%), and minimal violence (20.9%). Logistic regressions show that there is no significant demographic, socioeconomic, or attitudinal difference between the bidirectional psychological violence group and the minimal violence group while being younger, cohabitating, and holding pro-IPV attitudes significantly predicted higher odds of experiencing multiple types of bidirectional violence. Contributions to the literature, as well as policy implications, are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study constructs and tests models that examine the relations between variables of "gender," "sex role stereotyping," and "adversarial sexual beliefs" on rape myth acceptance. The sample is 975 Chinese university students from seven universities in China. Measures include Chinese Rape Myth Acceptance (CRMA), Sex Role Stereotyping (SRS) Scale, and Adversarial Sexual Beliefs (ASB). We use structural equation modeling to investigate whether gender directly affects the acceptance of rape myth, or that these influences are mediated by SRS and ASB, after controlling for several demographic characteristics. Results suggest that SRS and ASB have a direct effect on rape myth acceptance. Gender has no direct effect on rape myth acceptance in three out of the four models, but it significantly (β = −.02, p <.05) predicts the acceptance of rape–violence myth. We also discuss the implications and limitations of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CPU + GPU architecture design is widely used in the data collection and processing requirements of AI servers for big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other fields. The commonly used CPU + GPU PCIe topologies include Balance Mode, Common Mode, and Cascade Mode. In combination with practical requirements, the applicability of various topologies should be studied for complex and diverse application scenarios. Firstly, the architecture of the three topologies is briefly introduced, and then the experiment is designed. The applicability of the three topologies is analyzed through the performance of the point-to-point bandwidth and delay, deep learning and double precision floating point operation. At last, the guidance for the PCIe topology selection of AI server is provided in practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we study the black hole light echoes in terms of the two-photon autocorrelation and explore their connection with the quasinormal modes. It is shown that the above time-domain phenomenon can be analyzed by utilizing the well-known frequency-domain relations between the quasinormal modes and characteristic parameters of null geodesics. We found that the time-domain correlator, obtained by the inverse Fourier transform, naturally acquires the echo feature, which can be attributed to a collective effect of the asymptotic poles through a weighted summation of the squared modulus of the relevant Green's functions. Specifically, the contour integral leads to a summation taking over both the overtone index and angular momentum. Moreover, the dominant contributions to the light echoes are from those in the eikonal limit, consistent with the existing findings using the geometric-optics arguments. For the Schwarzschild black holes, we demonstrate the results numerically by considering a transient spherical light source. Also, for the Kerr spacetimes, we point out a potential difference between the resulting light echoes using the geometric-optics approach and those obtained by the black hole perturbation theory. Possible astrophysical implications of the present study are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We utilized the weak hydrolysis effect of Mn based Prussian blue analogues (Mn-PBAs) in water (I) and adjusted the elemental balance of Mn-PBAs in water through the strong chelation of EDTA2− to Mn ions (II), ultimately achieving vacancy free Mn-PBAs. Compared with acid and alkali etching, this method did not produce toxic CN− or hydroxide precipitate impurities, and had safety, environmental protection, and high-quality guidance significance for the synthesis of PBAs. [Display omitted] • Preparation of cubic PBAs with good crystal structure and sodium rich monoclinic PBAs using low/high-salt-concentration solutions. • Adjusting hydrolysis balance achieved high-performance vacancy-free PBAs. • Unlike acid-base etching, EDTA2− etching produces no toxic CN− or precipitated impurities. To address the issue of poor cycling performance and capacity of Mn-based Prussian Blue analogues (PBAs) as sodium ion battery cathodes due to the solubility of Mn ions, this study utilizes the strong chelating property of EDTA2− with Mn ions to hydrothermally modify the sodium-rich monoclinic Na 1.75 Mn[ Fe (CN) 6 ] 0.94 ·2.25H 2 O synthesized under high salt conditions, in order to enhance its capacity and stability. The modified Na 1.93 Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ]•2·.38H 2 O exhibits a discharge capacity of 156.16 mAh/g at 10 mA g−1 (91.86 % of the theoretical capacity), it still retains the highest discharge capacity (70.23 mAh/g) after 500 cycles at 100 mA g−1. Based on experimental analysis, the improvement in the electrochemical performance of PBAs was attributed to three main factors: (1) enhanced Na content; (2) suppression of defects; and (3) improved crystal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal symbiotic bacteria play a key role in the regulation of immune tolerance in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) hosts. However, the bacterial strains directly involved in this regulation and their related metabolites are largely unknown. We sought to investigate the effects of intestinal microbial metabolites on intestinal epithelium and to elucidate their therapeutic potential in regulating intestinal mucosal inflammation and immune homeostasis. Here, we used metagenomic data from Crohn's disease (CD) patients to analyze the composition of intestinal flora and identify metabolite profiles associated with disease behavior, and used the mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis to characterize the therapeutic effects of the flora metabolite acetyl l -carnitine (ALC) on DSS-induced colitis. We found that intraperitoneal injection of ALC treatment could significantly alleviate the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice, including prevention of weight loss, reduction in disease activity index (DAI) scores, increasing of colonic length, reduction in histological scores, and improvement in intestinal barrier function. Further, transcriptome sequencing analysis and gene silencing experiments revealed that the absence of CADM2 abolished the inhibitory effect of ALC on the TLR-MyD88 pathway in colonic epithelial cells, thereby reducing the release of inflammatory factors in colon epithelial cells. And we confirmed a significant downregulation of CADM2 expression in intestinal tissues of CD patients compared to healthy people in a population cohort. In addition, we also found that ALC increased the ratio of Treg cells in colon, and decreased the ratio of Th17 cells and macrophages, thereby improving the immune tolerance of the organism. The proposed study could be a potential approach for the treatment of CD. [Display omitted] • ALC can alleviate the inflammatory level of colon epithelial by up-regulating CADM2. • CADM2 down-regulates the expression of MyD88 in colonic epithelial cells. • ALC can change the proportion of immune cells in colon LPMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An invisible track bed defect classification method based on distributed optical fiber sensing data acquisition and an attention Transformer model mechanism under the frequency domain is proposed. The vibration sensing data contain structural safety information of vehicles, rails, track beds, etc., covering the entire time period and entire track area of subway operation. To classify the invisible track bed defect rapidly and accurately, the original vibration signals are first reduced by down-sampling and envelope signal extraction. According to the regular characteristics of different types of signals, an fast Fourier transform (FFT) Attention Transformer (FFT-Attn-Transformer) sequence feature extraction architecture with a high recognition accuracy is proposed for model training. The results demonstrate that the accuracy, precision, recall rate, and F1 -score are all above 98% using the proposed model, and the recognition accuracy of the defect test area is 99.47%, which has extremely high stability and accuracy, providing an innovative and feasible idea for the lack of effective monitoring scheme for invisible track bed defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policing domestic violence (DV) poses significant challenges in China due to cultural, legal, and organizational complexities. Policing DV in China favors mediation over assertive interventions, complicating law enforcement’s role. While previous research has focused on coercive interventions by Chinese police, there is limited information on non-coercive, supportive approaches. This study investigates the relationship between police officers’ knowledge and training regarding the Anti-DV law and their willingness to provide supportive services to DV victims in China. It also considers various individual and organizational factors. The data used in this study are derived from the Policing DV in China project, with a sample of 1,353 respondents who had experience dealing with DV cases within the past 3 years. The study focuses on three dependent variables representing supportive approaches to DV cases: Referral, Counseling, and Protection orders. Independent variables include officers’ knowledge of the Anti-DV law and agency training. Control variables include the use of body-worn cameras (BWC) and attitudes toward Violence Tolerance, Male Dominance, and Gender Equality. Additionally, demographic variables, working environment, length of service, and police rank are considered. The analytical approach involves a three-step strategy, incorporating descriptive, bivariate analyses, and regression analyses. The results are interpreted using odds ratios and average marginal effects, and statistical software such as SPSS by IBM and R by Open-Source Model is utilized for data analysis. Key findings indicate that more than half of the officers referred intimate partner violence survivors to shelters and assisted victims in filing protection orders. Counseling practices varied across provinces and between male and female officers. Agency training and the use of BWC were positively associated with non-coercive and supportive approaches, while knowledge of the DV Act, male dominance score, and gender equality score did not predict the use of such approaches. Demographic characteristics, including police rank, length of service, and province of employment, influenced the utilization of non-coercive and supportive approaches. This study examines the challenges faced by Chinese police officers when responding to DV cases and their willingness to provide supportive interventions. The study highlights the complexities surrounding the initiation of protection orders due to officers’ legal knowledge and discretion. The study emphasizes the importance of police support in addressing DV in China and the role of agency training in promoting non-coercive responses. It highlights regional variations in police support and underscores the need for addressing disparities in service provision across different provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]