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The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a state-of-the-art facility for studying the strong force, is expected to begin commissioning its first experiments in 2028. This is an opportune time for artificial intelligence (AI) to be included from the start at this facility and in all phases that lead up to the experiments. The second annual workshop organized by the AI4EIC working group, which recently took place, centered on exploring all current and prospective application areas of AI for the EIC. This workshop is not only beneficial for the EIC, but also provides valuable insights for the newly established ePIC collaboration at EIC. This paper summarizes the different activities and R&D projects covered across the sessions of the workshop and provides an overview of the goals, approaches and strategies regarding AI/ML in the EIC community, as well as cutting-edge techniques currently studied in other experiments.

Kun Qin,1,2,* Ting Gong,3,* Shi-Fan Ruan,1,* Min Lin,1 Xinhong Su,1 Xiaoqing Lv,1 Bo Cheng,1,4 Chao Ji1,4 1Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529000, People’s Republic of China; 3Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, People’s Republic of China; 4Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chao Ji; Bo Cheng, Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18651619908 ; Tel +86 13859024296, Email jichaofy@fjmu.edu.com; chengbo630415@126.comPurpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause life-threatening Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Large-scale original research on ICI-induced SJS/TEN is limited. This study aimed to explore the unique clinical characteristics and potential pathophysiological mechanisms of SJS/TEN induced by ICIs.Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the clinical features of SJS/TEN induced by ICIs and non-ICIs, and reviewed the case characteristics of ICI-induced SJS/TEN. Clinical features were analyzed using independent t-tests, Mann–Whitney U-tests, and multivariable regression models.Results: This study enrolled 41 cases of ICI-induced SJS/TEN and 107 non-ICI-induced cases from January 22, 2015, to May 28, 2024. ICI-induced SJS/TEN patients exhibited a trend towards a longer latency period (β: 17, 95% CI: − 1.49 to 35.48), a smaller affected body surface area (BSA) (β: − 40.68, 95% CI: − 71.59 to − 9.77), and milder oral and ocular mucositis than non-ICI-induced cases. A literature review identified PD-1 inhibitors as the primary ICIs involved and systemic corticosteroids as the most frequent intervention. No statistically significant difference in mortality rate was observed between patients treated with systemic corticosteroids alone and those receiving combination therapies (P= 0.85). The mortality rate for ICI-induced SJS/TEN was 24.5%.Conclusion: This study offered the largest comparative analysis to date, highlighting the unique clinical features of ICI-induced SJS/TEN, including a smaller affected BSA, a prolonged latency period trend, and milder oral and ocular mucositis. We described the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and therapeutic strategies for ICI-induced SJS/TEN. These findings not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex immune-inflammatory pathways in severe immune-related cutaneous adverse events (ircAEs) but also may inform the development of more targeted and effective treatments.Keywords: comparative analysis, clinical characteristic, latency period, body surface area, treatment

Jing He,1,&ast; Nan Lin,2,&ast; Ting Jin,2 Ming Lin,1 Zuowei Huang,1 Shuxian Li,1 Jinling Liu,1 Lin Su,1 Xian Ye,2 Lei Wu,1 Zhenghong Song,2 Hongzhen Xu,2 Zhimin Chen1 1Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Nursing Department, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhimin Chen, Department of Pulmonology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China, Email zmchen@zju.edu.cn Hongzhen Xu, Master of nursing, Nursing Department, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052, People’s Republic of China, Email 6184020@zju.edu.cnBackground: Allergic conditions, identified as a significant global health challenge, are profoundly influenced by indoor allergens, especially house dust mites (HDM). Yet the relationship between mite sensitized components and respiratory allergies and asthma control remains poorly understood.Methods: A cohort of 96 children, either with allergic rhinitis (AR) or rhinitis with asthma syndrome (ARAS), was assessed. Protein microarray technology was deployed to quantify sIgE responses to the allergenic components of Der p and Der f.Results: The study cohort comprised 18 AR and 78 ARAS patients; with 43 mild and 53 moderate-to-severe AR; with 28 uncontrolled, 21 partially controlled, and 29 well-controlled asthma. Sensitization prevalence for HDM components was highest with Der p (97.9%), Der f 2 (97.9%), Der p 2 (94.8%), Der f 1(94.8%), Der p 1 (93.8%), Der p 23 (57.3%). Notably, sIgE concentrations for Der f and Der f 2 were significantly greater in the ARAS compared to AR (P < 0.05). While sIgE levels varied between mild and moderate-to-severe AR, the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, Der p 23 sIgE levels demonstrated a significant fluctuation across the asthma control strata (P < 0.05), with the well-controlled group exhibiting the lowest readings.Conclusion: The sIgE levels to HDM allergens were higher in ARAS group compared to AR group, especially Der f and Der f 2, indicating an association between sIgE reactivity and the diagnosis of asthma. Reduced Der p 23 sIgE levels were indicative of enhanced asthma control.Keywords: house dust mite, allergic rhinitis, asthma, molecular sensitization, children

Fujie Jiang,1,&ast; Shuling Liu,1,&ast; Lu Wang,1 Huifang Chen,1 Yao Huang,2 Ying Cao,2 Xiaoxia Wang,1 Meng Lin,1 Jiuquan Zhang1 1Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing, 400030, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jiuquan Zhang; Meng Lin, Department of Radiology Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-23-65079339, Email zhangjq_radiol@foxmail.com; 15823113338@139.comPurpose: Chemotherapy mediated by Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive drug delivery systems can potentially mitigate the toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and significantly enhance their therapeutic efficacy. However, achieving precise targeted drug delivery and real-time control of ROS-responsive drug release at tumor sites remains a formidable challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to describe a ROS-responsive drug delivery system with specific tumor targeting capabilities for mitigating chemotherapy-induced toxicity while enhancing therapeutic efficacy under guidance of Fluorescence (FL) and Magnetic resonance (MR) bimodal imaging.Methods: Indocyanine green (ICG), Doxorubicin (DOX) prodrug pB-DOX and Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO, Fe3O4) were encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) by double emulsification method to prepare ICG/ pB-DOX/ Fe3O4/ PLGA nanoparticles (IBFP NPs). The surface of IBFP NPs was functionalized with mammaglobin antibodies (mAbs) by carbodiimide method to construct the breast cancer-targeting mAbs/ IBFP NPs (MIBFP NPs). Thereafter, FL and MR bimodal imaging ability of MIBFP NPs was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy efficacy evaluation based on MIBFP NPs was studied.Results: The multifunctional MIBFP NPs exhibited significant targeting efficacy for breast cancer. FL and MR bimodal imaging clearly displayed the distribution of the targeting MIBFP NPs in vivo. Upon near-infrared laser irradiation, the MIBFP NPs loaded with ICG effectively generated ROS for PDT, enabling precise tumor ablation. Simultaneously, it triggered activation of the pB-DOX by cleaving its sensitive moiety, thereby restoring DOX activity and achieving ROS-responsive targeted chemotherapy. Furthermore, the MIBFP NPs combined PDT and chemotherapy to enhance the efficiency of tumor ablation under guidance of bimodal imaging.Conclusion: MIBFP NPs constitute a novel dual-modality imaging-guided drug delivery system for targeted breast cancer therapy and offer precise and controlled combined treatment options.Keywords: targeted drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, ROS-responsive chemotherapy, bimodal imaging

Yifan Wang,1,2,&ast; Lei Zhang,3,&ast; Chenggong Wang,4 Min Lin,1 Li Zheng,5,6 Xiuyan Guo5,6 1Mental Health Education Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China; 5Fudan Institute on Ageing, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 6Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Li Zheng, Fudan Institute on Ageing, Ministry of education (MOE) Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China, Email zheng_l@fudan.edu.cnIntroduction: People are generally characterized by a self-serving bias which describes the tendency to ascribe positive outcomes or success to internal or personal causes (self-enhancement motivation) and ascribe negative outcomes or failure to external or situational causes (self-protection motivation). It has been found that the individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) who have low self-esteem and high depression exhibit an attenuated self-serving bias. However, the relationships among self-esteem, depression and self-serving bias are not clearly identified.Methods: A sample of 138 IGD participants completed self-esteem and depression scales and a causal attribution task (Study 1) to examine the relationships among self-esteem, depression and self-serving bias (both self-enhancement and self-protection). In follow-up Study 2, 28 IGD participants were recruited to undertake self-affirmation intervention which can affirm one’s sense of global self-view and bolster self-esteem to explore whether self-affirmation would trigger a reduction of depression and a raise of self-serving bias.Results: The results of path analysis in Study 1 showed that the self-serving bias was predicted by self-esteem and depression, and the depression played a mediating role between self-esteem and self-serving bias. The results of Study 2 showed that the IGD participants reported higher self-esteem, lower depression and engaged in more self-protection motivation after affirming-self manipulation as compared with affirming-other manipulation.Conclusion: These findings suggest that self-esteem predicts self-serving bias through depression and self-affirmation could trigger an increase of self-esteem, further decrease depression and improve self-serving bias for the individuals with IGD. The present article clearly identified the relationships among these factors and provided a new approach to promote positive self-concept in individuals with IGD. Future research is warranted to explore the lasting benefits of self-affirmation on domains of education, relationships and gaming withdrawal for the individuals with IGD among different populations.Keywords: internet gaming disorder, self-serving bias, self-esteem, depression

Xuefeng Bian,1,&ast; Ting Guo,2,&ast; Guojie Chen,2,&ast; Dengyun Nie,2 Miao Yue,2 Yinxing Zhu,2 Mei Lin3 1Imaging Department, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Clinical Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mei Lin; Yinxing Zhu, Email trylm@ntu.edu.cn; lzp_zyx@163.comPurpose: This study aimed to construct targeting drug-loading nanocomposites (FA-FePt/DDP nanoliposomes) to explore their potential in ovarian cancer therapy and molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MMRI).Methods: FA-FePt-NPs were prepared by coupling folate (FA) with polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-coated ferroplatinum nanoparticles and characterized. Then cisplatin (DDP) was encapsulated in FA-FePt-NPs to synthesize FA-PEG-FePt/DDP nanoliposomes by thin film-ultrasonic method and high-speed stirring, of which MMRI potential, magnetothermal effect, and the other involved performance were analyzed. The therapeutic effect of FA-FePt/DDP nanoliposomes combined with magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) on ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo was evaluated. The expression levels of Bax and epithelial–mesenchymal transition related proteins were detected. The biosafety was also preliminarily observed.Results: The average diameter of FA-FePt-NPs was about 30 nm, FA-FePt/DDP nanoliposomes were about 70 nm in hydrated particle size, with drug slow-release and good cell-specific targeted uptake. In an alternating magnetic field (AMF), FA-FePt/DDP nanoliposomes could rapidly reach the ideal tumor hyperthermia temperature (42~44 °C). MRI scan showed that FA-FePt-NPs and FA-FePt/DDP nanoliposomes both could suppress the T2 signal, indicating a good potential for MMRI. The in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that FA-FePt/DDP-NPs in AMF could effectively inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and inducing cancer cell apoptosis, much better than that of the other individual therapies; molecularly, E-cadherin and Bax proteins in ovarian cancer cells and tissues were significantly increased, while N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Bcl-2 proteins were inhibited, effectively inhibiting the malignant progression of ovarian cancer. In addition, no significant pathological injury and dysfunction was observed in major visceras.Conclusion: We successfully synthesized FA-FePt/DDP nanoliposomes and confirmed their good thermochemotherapeutic effect in AMF and MMRI potential on ovarian cancer, with no obvious side effects, providing a favorable strategy of integrated targeting therapy and diagnosis for ovarian cancer.Keywords: iron–platinum magnetic nanoparticles, ovarian cancer, DDP, molecular magnetic resonance imaging, folate

Guiqing Liu,1 Yuanyuan Yi,1 Yanni Wang,1 Yuru Feng,1 Minyi Lin,1 Xu Yan,1 Jinghua Wang,2 Xianjia Ning,2 Nan Ma1 1Department of Liver Surgery (Liver Transplantation), Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital and the Second Hospital Affiliated with the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital and the Second Hospital Affiliated with the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Nan Ma, Department of Liver Surgery (Liver Transplantation), Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital and the Second Hospital Affiliated with the Southern University of Science and Technology, 29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518112, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-755-61222333, Fax +86-755-61238928, Email manan133@163.comObjective: We aimed to explore the status of nutritional and frailty in patients undergoing liver transplantation and the associated influencing factors.Methods: We conducted a follow-up analysis of 44 patients who underwent liver transplantation between 2021 and 2022. We followed up and recorded the nutritional status and risk of weakness at different time-points (days 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12) postoperatively. Patient information regarding demographics, physical examination, medical history, and perioperative blood tests were collected. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify risk factors for weakness after liver transplantation.Results: The cohort comprised 44 liver transplant recipients, with a mean age of 47.66 years (standard deviation=9.49 years). Initial analysis revealed that, compared to the group without nutritional risks, the group with nutritional risks displayed elevated age and preoperative blood ammonia levels one week post-surgery. Moreover, this group had reduced levels of albumin and total bile acid preoperatively. Patients with preoperative nutritional risks were also prone to similar risks 2 weeks postoperatively. Further, a correlation was observed between preoperative pulmonary infections and increased frailty risk 6 days postoperatively. At both 9 and 12 days postoperatively, patients with frailty risk exhibited higher preoperative white blood cell counts and ammonia levels than those without. Multivariable analysis, controlling for confounding factors, indicated a significant association between preoperative nutritional status and nutritional risk 2 weeks postoperatively, as well as a link between preoperative white blood cell count and frailty risk at 12 days postoperatively.Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between preoperative nutritional status and nutritional risk 2 weeks after liver transplantation, and preoperative white blood cell count was an independent risk factor for weakness 12 days postoperatively. Preoperative nutritional management for patients could potentially mitigate the likelihood of adverse clinical outcomes.Keywords: malnutrition, frailty, liver transplantation, risk factors, epidemiology

Min Lin,1,&ast; Ting Gong,2,&ast; Shifan Ruan,1,&ast; Xiaoqing Lv,1 Rongying Chen,1 Xinhong Su,1 Bo Cheng,1 Chao Ji1 1Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bo Cheng; Chao Ji, Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13859024296 ; +86 18651619908, Email bochengg@163.com; jichaofy@fjmu.edu.cnObjective: Anticancer drugs have revolutionized tumor therapy, with cutaneous toxicities such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) being common immune-related adverse events. The debate over the efficacy of systemic corticosteroids in treating these conditions persists, while tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors show promise. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combination therapy involving the TNF-α inhibitor adalimumab for SJS/TEN induced by anticancer drugs.Methods: A literature review of SJS/TEN cases induced by anticancer drugs from 1992 to 2023 was conducted, alongside an analysis of patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University during the same period. Clinical characteristics, skin healing time, mortality, and adverse events were evaluated in two treatment groups: SJS/TEN patients treated with targeted anticancer therapies and immunotherapies.Results: Among the 27 patients studied (18 with SJS or SJS-TEN overlapping and 9 with TEN), combination therapy with adalimumab significantly reduced mucocutaneous reepithelization time and healing duration compared to corticosteroid monotherapy. Patients receiving adalimumab combined with corticosteroids had lower actual mortality rates than those on corticosteroid monotherapy. The combination therapy also showed a trend towards reducing standardized mortality rates based on the Score of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SCORTEN).Conclusion: The findings suggest that adalimumab in combination with corticosteroids provides significant clinical benefits and is safer than corticosteroids alone for treating SJS/TEN induced by targeted anticancer therapies and immunotherapies. This study contributes valuable insights into potential treatment strategies for severe cutaneous adverse reactions to anticancer drugs, highlighting the importance of exploring alternative therapies such as TNF-α inhibitors in managing these conditions effectively.Keywords: anti-TNF-α, adalimumab, treatment, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis

Ling Li,1 Xiaodan Zhang,1 Tong Zhang,2 Liankun Zeng,3 Mingrun Lin,4 Yanli Li,4 Wangen Li1 1Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wangen Li; Yanli Li, Email liwg660@126.com; liyanli0735@163.comAim: Insulin titration often faces inertia, hindering glycemic control. A patient-centered approach empowers patients to overcome this inertia. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of patient-preferred and guideline-recommended self-titration algorithms in achieving glycemic targets and improving adherence.Methods: Outpatients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who did not respond to oral antihyperglycemic drugs (OAD) were assessed. They were randomly assigned to patient-preferred and guideline-recommended groups. In the patient-preferred group, individuals selected an algorithm to self-adjust their insulin glargine dosage by 2 units every 3 days if the mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) over the past 3 consecutive days was ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, or by 1 unit daily if the FBG on the same day was ≥ 7.0 mmol/L. In the guideline-recommended group, insulin glargine was titrated by 2 units every 3 days if the mean FBG over the past 3 consecutive days was ≥ 7.0 mmol/L. The FBG target was set below < 7.0 mmol/L.Results: Thirty-nine participants in the patient-preferred group and 42 in the guideline-recommended group completed the study. The cumulative rates of achieving the FBG target in the patient-preferred group compared to the guideline-recommended group were 69.2% vs 54.8% (χ²=1.792, p=0.181) in week 1, 89.7% vs 73.8% (χ²=3.403, p = 0.065) in week 2, 94.9% vs 76.2% (χ²=17.638, p=0.000) in week 3, and 100.0% vs 88.1% (χ²=4.405, p=0.036) in week 4. Adherence rates were significantly higher in the patient-preferred group (97.4%, 37/38) compared to the guideline-recommended group (66.7%, 28/42) (χ²=12.688, p=0.000). Insulin glargine dosage at FBG target achievement was 21.2± 4.3 U in the patient-preferred group and 18.8± 6.7 U in the guideline-recommended group (t=1.888, p=0.063). Hypoglycemia was reported in 1 patient in the guideline-recommended group, with no instances in the patient-preferred group.Conclusion: The patient-preferred self-titration algorithm demonstrates a higher rate of reaching glucose targets and improved adherence.Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR2100050805.Keywords: type 2 diabetes, glargine, self-titration, adherence, preference

Wei Li,1,&ast; Mingrui Lin,1,&ast; Jiapeng Li,2,&ast; Qihang Ding,2 Xiaoling Chen,3 Huaiyu Chen,1 Zhiqing Shen,1 Xueli Zhu1 1The People’s Hospital of Fujian Traditional Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 2Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhiqing Shen; Xueli Zhu, Email 1191863753@qq.com; zhuxueli19840205@163.comBackground: Xijiao Dihuang decoction (XJDHT), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat patients with sepsis. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of XJDHT on cardiac dysfunction have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study evaluated the potential utility of XJDHT in protecting against sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury.Methods: The mice were randomly divided into 3 groups and administered Lipopolysaccharide (LPS,10 mg/kg) or equivalent saline solution (control) and treated with XJDHT (10 g/kg/day) or saline by gavage for 72 hours. XJDHT was dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride and administered at 200 μL per mouse. Transthoracic echocardiography, RNA-seq, TUNEL assays and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of cardiac tissues were performed.Results: Treatment with XJDHT significantly enhanced myocardial function and attenuated pathological change, infiltration of inflammatory cells, levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in mice with sepsis. RNA sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses identified 531 differentially expressed genes and multiple enriched signaling pathways including the PI3K/AKT pathway. Further, XJDHT attenuated cardiac apoptosis and decreased Bax protein expression while increasing protein levels of Bcl-2, PI3K, and p-AKT in cardiac tissues of mice with sepsis.Conclusion: In summary, XJDHT improves cardiac function in a murine model of sepsis by attenuating cardiac inflammation and apoptosis via suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Keywords: XJDHT, sepsis, inflammation, apoptosis, TLR4/NF-κB, PI3K/AKT pathway

Yushan Xu, Miaomiao Li, Mengjiao Lin, Dawei Cui, Jue Xie Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jue Xie; Dawei Cui, Tel +86571-87236391 ; +86571-87236390, Email zyyyxj2011@zju.edu.cn; daweicui@zju.edu.cnAbstract: CD4+ T cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases, which are activated by the internal metabolic pathways encountering with viral antigens. Glutaminolysis converts glutamine into tricarboxylic acid (TCA) circulating metabolites by α-ketoglutaric acid, which is essential for the proliferation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells and plays a central role in providing the energy and structural components needed for viral replication after the virus hijacks the host cell. Changes in glutaminolysis in CD4+ T cells are accompanied by changes in the viral status of the host cell due to competition for glutamine between immune cells and host cells. More recently, attempts have been made to treat tumours, autoimmune diseases, and viral diseases by altering the breakdown of glutamine in T cells. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge of glutaminolysis in the CD4+ T cell subsets from viral diseases, not only increasing our understanding of immunometabolism but also providing a new perspective for therapeutic target in viral diseases.Keywords: CD4+ T cells, viral diseases, glutamine, glutaminolysis, immune response

Superconductivity and charge density waves (CDWs) are competitive, yet coexisting, orders in cuprate superconductors. To understand their microscopic interdependence, a probe capable of discerning their interaction on its natural length and time scale is necessary. We use ultrafast resonant soft x-ray scattering to track the transient evolution of CDW correlations in YBa2Cu3O6+x after the quench of superconductivity by an infrared laser pulse. We observe a nonthermal response of the CDW order characterized by a near doubling of the correlation length within ≈1 picosecond of the superconducting quench. Our results are consistent with a model in which the interaction between superconductivity and CDWs manifests inhomogeneously through disruption of spatial coherence, with superconductivity playing the dominant role in stabilizing CDW topological defects, such as discommensurations.

Huizhong Lin,1,&ast; Maosen Lin,1,&ast; Tao Lin,2 Mingfang Ye1 1Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou City, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mingfang Ye, Email xieheyemingfang@163.comBackground: P-wave terminal force in lead V1 (PtfV1) irregularity has been associated with various cardiovascular conditions, including atrial fibrillation, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, valvular heart disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, and mortality. However, its prognostic value for unstable angina (UA) has not been extensively studied. To address this knowledge gap, this study aimed to evaluate the long-term predictive significance of PtfV1 at discharge for UA patients.Methods: A total of 707 patients with newly diagnosed UA were included in this study. PtfV1 measurements were recorded at admission and discharge. PtfV1(+) was defined as an absolute value above 0.04mm·s, while PtfV1(-) was defined as an absolute value below 0.04mm·s. Based on their PtfV1 values at discharge, patients were categorized into two groups: PtfV1(-) and PtfV1(+). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify variables that could potentially contribute to the risk of UA.Results: Univariate analysis revealed a higher incidence of total adverse outcomes and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the PtfV1(+) group compared to the PtfV1(-) group, with a risk ratio (RR) of 2.006 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.389– 2.896] for total outcomes and an RR of 2.759 (95% CI: 1.870– 4.070) for MACE. After adjusting for confounding factors through multivariate analysis, participants with PtfV1(+) had a 46% increased risk [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.458; 95% CI: 1.010– 2.104]for total adverse outcomes and an 86% increased risk (adjusted HR: 1.863; 95% CI: 1.246– 2.786) for MACE compared to those with PtfV1(-).Conclusion: The presence of PtfV1(+) at discharge is an independent predictor of poor outcomes and provides extended prognostic information for UA patients.Keywords: P wave terminal force in lead V1, PtfV1, unstable angina, UA, prognosis, electrocardiography, major adverse cardiovascular events, MACE

Yihan Li,1 Tong Hu,1 Mingjie Lin,1,2 Qinhong Wang,1 Wenqiang Han,1 Jingquan Zhong1,2 1Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jingquan Zhong, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel: +008618560086597, Email 198762000778@email.sdu.edu.cnBackground: Dronedarone is an effective drug for maintaining the sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The efficacy and safety of dronedarone versus amiodarone in patients with AF after catheter ablation (CA) needs more evidence. We retrospectively compared the efficacy and safety of dronedarone and amiodarone in our hospital.Methods: Patients who underwent CA from January 2021 to January 2022 and used dronedarone (n=229) or amiodarone (n=202) during the blind period were enrolled. The recurrence of AF in post-and during the blanking period was compared between the groups; the rehospitalization for re-ablation and adverse drug events (ADE) were also calculated.Results: During an average follow-up period of 14.28 months, the long-term recurrence rate of AF did not differ significantly between the amiodarone group and dronedarone group (22.71% vs 21.29%, hazard ratio [HR], 1.033, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.661– 1.614; p=0.888). The recurrence rate in the blanking period also showed no statistically significant differences between the amiodarone group and dronedarone group (9.90% vs 14.41%, HR, 0.851; 95% CI, 0.463– 1.564; p=0.604). The re-hospitalization rates for re-ablation between two groups did not differ between the amiodarone group and dronedarone group (4.65% vs 13.46%; p =0.144). The incidence of ADE was higher in the dronedarone groups than that in the amiodarone group (16.59% vs 5.45%, p < 0.001). The main adverse drug events in the dronedarone and amiodarone groups were gastrointestinal (6.99%) and bradycardia (2.48%), respectively.Conclusion: Compared to the amiodarone group, the dronedarone group had a similar blank-period and long-term recurrence rate of AF and a higher incidence of ADE.Keywords: atrial fibrillation, catheter ablation, amiodarone, dronedarone

Fang Cao,1,2 Fuyuan Hong,1 Yiping Ruan,1 Miao Lin1 1Department of Nephrology, Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nursing, Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Fang Cao; Miao Lin, Department of Nephrology, Provincial Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-591-87557768, Email 422512642@qq.com; 10151246@qq.comObjective: This study was conducted to understand the influencing factors for home peritoneal dialysis patients choosing APD and to provide a scientific basis for improving the completion rate of APD treatment and the follow-up of peritoneal dialysis patients.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. A total of 588 patients on peritoneal dialysis were randomly selected from 6 regions in Fujian Province in southern China using a stratified cluster sampling method.Results: The mean age of the patients were 56.5 ± 14.73 years. In the univariate analysis, knowledge, user experience and family support were the factors that affected patients’ choice of APD (all P < 0.05) and were positively correlated with the treatment utilization rate. In the multivariate analysis, 3 factors (treatment with APD, knowledge of APD, and family support) remained significantly associated not choosing APD. The selection rate for APD was 2.594 times higher among patients who had received APD than among patients who had never received APD. The selection rate for patients with “a lot of knowledge” about APD was 10.75 times that of patients with “no knowledge”.Conclusion: Patients’ knowledge of APD, experience in application and family support were the main factors affecting the choice of APD as a treatment mode (P < 0.05) and were positively correlated with the treatment utilization rate. Further studies are needed to improve the APD treatment completion rates by modulation the above-mentioned factors.Relevance to Clinical Practice: This study provides scientific evidence for improving APD treatment completion rates and improving patient quality of life.Keywords: peritoneal dialysis, APD, dialysis mode, influencing factors, follow up, end-stage kidney disease

Fangfang Yang,1,&ast; Zihao Li,2,&ast; Zhongming Cai,1 Yucang He,1 Chen Ke,1 Jingping Wang,1 Ming Lin,3 Liqun Li1 1Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Liqun Li, Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13706664412, Email wzliliqun@163.comPurpose: Autologous fat grafting is playing an increasingly important role in plastic surgery. However, high absorption and low survival of autologous fat grafts limit their clinical application. This study aimed to investigate whether human adipose-derived stem cell-derived exosomes (hASC-Exos) encapsulated in a PF-127 hydrogel can improve the survival of autologous fat grafts and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Patients and Methods: Exosomes were isolated from hASCs and identified using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting. We performed functional assays in vitro to assess the effect of hASC-Exos on proliferation, migration, and tube formation as well as their regulatory role in the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. hASC-Exos encapsulated in the PF-127 hydrogel were used as an in vivo autologous fat graft model. The effects of the PF-127 hydrogel/hASC-Exos and the role of the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in promoting angiogenesis in an autologous fat grafting model were assessed.Results: hASC-Exos were taken up by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and enhanced their proliferation, migration, and tubule formation in vitro. The effects of hASC-Exos on promoting angiogenesis were mediated by the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. Moreover, we fabricated a PF-127 hydrogel for the sustained release of hASC-Exos, and in vivo results showed that hASC-Exos encapsulated in PF-127 hydrogel improved the survival of autologous fat grafts.Conclusion: Our findings indicated that hASC-Exos encapsulated in PF-127 hydrogel serve as a key regulator of angiogenesis by activating the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway and provide a promising strategy for autologous fat grafting treatment. Keywords: autologous fat grafting, human adipose-derived stem cell, exosome, hydrogel, HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway, angiogenesis

Zhifeng Li,1,2 Ting Guo,3 Susu Zhao,4 Mei Lin2 1Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hospital 5 of Nantong University), Taizhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 3Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Taizhou People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hospital 5 of Nantong University), Taizhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Mei Lin, Tel +86-052389890037, Email trylm@ntu.edu.cnPurpose: Improving the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a serious challenge today. The primary objective of this study was to construct MUC1-C shRNA@ Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and investigate their potential therapeutic benefits in alternating magnetic fields (AMF) on TNBC.Methods: Firstly, we verified the high expression of MUC1 in TNBC and synthesized specific MUC1-C shRNA plasmids (MUC1-C shRNA). Then, we prepared and characterized MUC1-C shRNA@Fe3O4 MNPs and confirmed their MUC1-C gene silencing effect and magneto-thermal conversion ability in AMF. Moreover, the inhibitory effects on TNBC in vitro and in vivo were observed as well as biosafety. Finally, the protein levels of BCL-2-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved-caspase3, glutathione peroxidase inhibitor 4 (GPX4), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) in TNBC cells and tissues were examined, and it was speculated that apoptosis and ferroptosis were involved in the synergistic treatment.Results: MUC1-C shRNA@ Fe3O4 MNPs have a size of ~75 nm, with an encapsulation rate of (29.78± 0.63) %, showing excellent gene therapy and magnetic hyperthermia functions. Under a constant AMF (3Kw) and a set concentration (200μg mL− 1), the nanoparticles could be rapidly warmed up within 20 minutes and stabilized at about 43 °C. It could be uptaken by TNBC cells through endocytosis and significantly inhibit their proliferation and migration, with a growth inhibition rate of 79.22% for TNBC tumors. After treatment, GPX4, NRF2, and FTH1 expression levels in TNBC cells and tumor tissues were suppressed, while Bax and cleaved-caspase3 were increased. As key therapeutic measures, gene therapy, and magnetic hyperthermia have shown a synergistic effect in this treatment strategy, with a combined index (q index) of 1.23.Conclusion: In conclusion, we developed MUC1-C shRNA@Fe3O4 MNPs with magnetic hyperthermia and gene therapy functions, which have shown satisfactory therapeutic effects on TNBC without significant side effects. This study provides a potential option for the precision treatment of TNBC.Keywords: triple-negative breast cancer, nanoparticle, MUC1, hyperthermia, ferroptosis

Jian Liu,1,2 Minglan Wu,1,2 Jiejing Kai,1,2 Meihua Lin,1,2 Yunliang Zheng,1,2 Yiya Jiang,1,2 Qian Huang,1,2 You Zhai,1,2 Yunqing Qiu2,3 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yunqing Qiu, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 571 87236606, Email qiuyq@zju.edu.cnPurpose: Tenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) is a novel nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of food on the single-dose pharmacokinetic properties of TMF.Patients and Methods: In this open-label, randomized, crossover study, after an overnight fast, eligible subjects received a single 25 mg dose of TMF tablet, either under fasted conditions or following consumption of a high-fat, high-calorie meal, followed by a two-week washout period. Blood samples were collected until 144 h after administration. TMF and its metabolite, tenofovir (TFV), were analyzed using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. The geometric mean ratio (GMR) and the corresponding 90% confidence interval (CI) values of AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, and Cmax were acquired for analysis. The absence of an effect of food was indicated if the 90% CI values were within the predefined equivalence limits of 80%– 125%. Safety and tolerability were also assessed.Results: For TMF, adjusted GMR (90% CI) values for the fed versus fasted states were 150.28% (125.36%– 180.16%), 158.24% (130.42%– 192.00%), and 57.65% (45.68%– 72.76%) for AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, and Cmax, respectively. For TFV, the GMR (90% CI) of Cmax was 82.00% (74.30%– 90.49%) after administration under fed conditions, slightly outside the bioequivalence boundary of 80%– 125%, while the corresponding values for AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ were within range. The absorption of TMF was delayed by food, with median Tmax values of 0.33 and 1.00 h in fasted and fed conditions, respectively. The adverse events observed in subjects were all mild.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that TMF tablets were well-tolerated in healthy volunteers. When TMF tablets were taken with food, Tmax was delayed and exposures of TMF and TFV were higher than under fasted conditions. The modest changes observed are not considered clinically relevant, so TMF can be taken with or without food.Plain Language Summary: Tenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) is the first innovative, oral anti-hepatitis B drug to be developed in China. To better understand the effect of food on TMF bioavailability, 25 mg of TMF was given with or without food randomly to twenty healthy volunteers. Plasma samples were collected up to 144 h after dosing to measure the concentrations of TMF and its metabolite, tenofovir (TFV).The rate of drug absorption was measured by determining the maximum plasma concentration of drug (Cmax) and the time to Cmax (Tmax). The amount of drug absorbed was measured using the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC). When subjects were fed, the AUC values for TMF and TFV were higher than when they fasted. The Cmax values for TMF and TFV under fed conditions were lower compared with fasted conditions. The Tmax of TMF was delayed when subjects were fed compared with fasted. The modest changes observed are not considered clinically relevant. The adverse events (AEs) occurring in volunteers were all mild. Our findings suggested that TMF can be taken with or without food.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: tenofovir amibufenamide, food, pharmacokinetics, safety