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Hydrological characteristics such as waves, tides, currents, and meteorological features such as weather and wind, as well as geological structure were collected. Through the field trips of Kongtong Island, observations of its base rock coast, measurement of beach slope and beach gravel particle size, gravel and sandy samples was collected in the intertidal zone of west beach, east beach, and north beach of Kongtong. Particle size analysis and roundness calculation were carried out to verify whether they were consistent with the oceanographic data collected from Kongtong Island. The results showed that the north beach was mainly gravel, the west beach was a mixture of sand and gravel, and east beach was a sandy sediment. The particle sizes and roundness of different samples showed that north beach had the strongest hydrodynamic conditions, followed by the west beach, and the east beach had the weakest hydrodynamic conditions. This had a direct relationship with perennial wave direction and wind direction. Full understanding of the oceanographic characteristics of Kongtong Island is of great practical significance for the better development and utilization of Kongtong Island and the rational use of its geographic location for tourism and recreation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a groundbreaking advance in the treatment of malignancies such as melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, showcasing substantial therapeutic benefits. Nonetheless, the efficacy of ICIs is limited to a small subset of patients, primarily benefiting those with "hot" tumors characterized by significant immune infiltration. The challenge of converting "cold" tumors, which exhibit minimal immune activity, into "hot" tumors to enhance their responsiveness to ICIs is a critical and complex area of current research. Central to this endeavor is the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, a pivotal nexus between innate and adaptive immunity. This pathway's activation promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN) and the recruitment of CD8 + T cells, thereby transforming the tumor microenvironment (TME) from "cold" to "hot". This review comprehensively explores the cGAS-STING pathway's role in reconditioning the TME, detailing the underlying mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity and highlighting the contributions of various immune cells to tumor immunity. Furthermore, we delve into the latest clinical research on STING agonists and their potential in combination therapies, targeting this pathway. The discussion concludes with an examination of the challenges facing the advancement of promising STING agonists in clinical trials and the pressing issues within the cGAS-STING signaling pathway research., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Huang, Cha, Liu, Lin, Gafoor, Kong, Ge and Chen.)