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Indium selenides (InSe) is a promising layer‐structured semiconductor with broad potential applications in photovoltaics, diodes, and optic devices, but its thermoelectric performance is limited by the high thermal conductivity. In this work, by alloying high‐performance thermoelectric SnSe in InSe, the In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal is prepared via a zone melting method. The density of In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal is measured as 5.81 g cm−3 which is between the density of pure SnSe and InSe. The XRD measurements indicate that the grown In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal consists of InSe and SnSe crystals with a preferred orientation along (00l) and (h00) planes, respectively. SEM and EDS analysis reveal that eutectic InSe and SnSe phases interdigitate with each other. The thermogravimetry analysis shows a slow decrease at a temperature ≈700 °C. In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal displays a n‐type conduct behavior, the electrical conductivity σ is ≈0.02 Scm−1 at room temperature and increases to 8.4 Scm−1 under 820 K. The highest power factor PF is estimated to be ≈0.36 µWcmK−2 near 570 K. The InSe‐SnSe phase boundaries lead the thermal conductivity of In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal to be as low as 0.29 Wm−1K−1. Due to the low lattice thermal conductivity, In0.5Sn0.5Se crystal shows a ZT value of 0.04 at 600 K in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an open‐access Matlab/Simulink‐based power system simulation toolbox (MatPSST) for research and education. In MatPSST, dynamic modeling is implemented by Simulink. Only the initialization process is coded in Matlab. This structure makes full use of Simulink, enabling users to fully use the rich solvers and built‐in toolboxes in Matlab/Simulink, such as small‐signal analysis, without additional programming. The interaction with real‐time platforms like RTLAB and dSPACE in MatPSST is convenient through the Simulink interface. In addition, MatPSST provides a uniform interface and flexible framework for user‐defined functions. Users do not need to consider the interaction between models and dynamic solvers when implementing state‐of‐the‐art user‐defined models. To avoid the heavy work (replicate units and change parameters) in modeling detailed wind farm or photovoltaic station with hundreds of renewable generation units, the idea of the vector‐variable‐based model is proposed with MatPSST. Case studies introduce some selected application examples of MatPSST in research and education and demonstrate its accuracy by the comparisons with Simscape and PSAT. The cases reveal the advantages of MatPSST in promoting power system research and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An n-dimensional folded spined cube denoted as FSQn\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$FSQ_n$$\end{document} is one of the new interconnection networks. It is a new variant of hypercube, and it can be generated from spined cube by adding a perfect matching. Folded spined cube has lower cost and less diameter compared to some interconnection networks like hypercube and spined cube. Additionally, it is necessary to study some properties regarding to connectivity for a novel and valuable network. In this paper, we determine that the connectivity and edge-connectivity of FSQn\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$FSQ_n$$\end{document} are both n+1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$n+1$$\end{document} for n≥2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$n\ge 2$$\end{document}, its super-connectivity and super-edge connectivity are both 2n for n≥4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$n\ge 4$$\end{document}, and its generalized 3-connectivity is n+1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$n+1$$\end{document} for n≥2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$n\ge 2$$\end{document}. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete-filled steel tubes are widely applied in offshore structures, which often being exposed to aggressive ocean climate. This has recently led to the introduction of concrete-filled aluminum alloy tubular (CFAT) columns, of which aluminum alloy tube is used as a superior anti-corrosion metal material. However, limited research has led to the design of CFAT columns not being included in the current design specifications, limiting their engineering applications. Accordingly, in this paper, an experimental program including 9 CFAT specimens was launched to further investigate the compressive behavior of CFAT short columns and to clarify the confinement mechanism in such columns. The test results indicate that the ultimate capacity of CFAT short columns is improved with the increase of concrete strength or the decrease of tube diameter-to-wall thickness ratio. Based on the experimental results, the finite element model (FEM) was established, and then used to clarify the confinement mechanism of CFAT columns and investigate the effects of the salient parameters on the behavior of such columns. By comparing with the existing experimental results, the accuracy of current strength calculation formulas for CFAT columns was assessed, and the conclusion indicates that there is an unexpected deviation in the prediction results. To this end, a simplified strength prediction formula for CFAT columns was proposed, which successfully introduced a novel confinement factor that well reflects the confinement effect of the concrete core. This confinement factor considers the effects of proof stress, concrete strength, and tube diameter-to-wall thickness ratio. Finally, compared with other formulas, the proposed formula has better performance in predicting results. • An experimental program including 9 CFAT specimens is launched. • The FE model is established and validated against the experimental results. • A novel confinement factor considering salient variables is suggested. • A simplified strength prediction formula for CFAT columns is proposed. • The proposed formula exhibits good predictive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Tao-He-Cheng-Qi Formula (THCQF) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been proven to have antitumor effects. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular targets and mechanisms of THCQF against colon cancer and construct a prognostic model based on network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, and in vitro experiments. Methods. Potential THCQF compounds and targets were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine databases. Differentially expressed genes for colon cancer were screened in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. The anticolon cancer mechanisms of THCQF were explored using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Molecular docking simulations and molecular dynamics analysis were used to evaluate the binding between target proteins and active compounds. Finally, the identified compounds were used to treat colon cancer cells from the HCT116 cell line, and expression of mRNA and protein after relevant posttreatment were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results. A total of 27 anticolon cancer targets of THCQF were selected, among which four genes (CCNB1, CCNA2, IL1A, and MMP3) were shown to effectively predict patient outcomes in a prognostic colon cancer model. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the activity against colon cancer of THCQF was associated with the interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-3 signaling pathways. Two compounds in THCQF, aloe emodin (AE) and quercetin (QR), were shown to efficiently bind to cyclin B1, the protein encoded by CCNB1. Finally, incubation of HCT116 cells with AE and QR significantly decreased CCNB1 mRNA expression and cyclin B1 levels. Conclusions. Taken together, the results indicate that AE and QR are the pivotal active compounds of THCQF, and CCNB1 is the main molecular target through which THCQF exerts its anticolon cancer effects. The study findings provide insight for studies investigating the anticancer effects of other traditional Chinese medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elemental tellurium has been considered as a potential thermoelectric candidate due to its simple chemical composition and lack of segregation. Meanwhile, the simplicity of the materials is accompanied by a restricted freedom to tune the chemical composition and transport properties. Based on the solid solubility between Te with IV-group Se and S elements, this work attempts to forming atomic-disordered solid solution (Te 1-x-y Se x S y) 0.98 Sb 0.02 , with antimony (Sb) acting as p-type dopants. The X-ray diffraction confirms that the alloying not only enables a solid solubility within 6 at % but also enhances the effectiveness of Sb doping. The appropriate alloying concentration are demonstrated to be beneficial in achieving a higher power factor owing to the weaker electron-phonon coupling and optimized carrier concentration. The 6 at% S/Se alloying in Te enables a 50 % reduction in lattice thermal conductivity at room temperature by enhanced phonon scattering. A maximum figure of merit (zT) value of 0.81 at 600 K were realized in 2 at% Se and S/Se alloyed samples. This work highlights the impact of alloying on thermoelectric performance of Te elemental materials. • The impact of atomic disorder on thermoelectric properties of Te 1-x Se x and Te 1-x-y Se x S y alloys. • Improved power factor of ∼15 μW/m-K by alloying small amount of S and Se elements. • An enhanced phonon scattering and thus a 50 % reduced lattice thermal conductivity. • A maximum zT of ∼0.8 at 600 K in 2 at% Se and S/Se alloyed Te samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing wind farm scale, dynamic modeling and simulating the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) process of wind farms are time- and source-consuming. Thus, a dynamic equivalent model of a wind farm considering the LVRT process is necessary and vital for power system analysis. However, the crowbar status of each doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), voltage, and wind speed differences among will influence the LVRT process and equivalent results. To consider these three factors comprehensively and eliminate the error, this paper proposes a three-stage dynamic equivalent modeling approach, using accurate crowbar identification and voltage differences among DFIGs. Stage I: DFIGs are divided by crowbar status. A new accurate crowbar identification method is proposed to consider the interference from other DFIGs, using the experimental two-machine system and several dynamic simulations to correct fault voltage. Stage II: The often-overlooked voltage differences are considered, and DFIGs are divided into different clusters for accurate fault dynamics. Stage III: To eliminate errors resulting from wind speed differences, the DFIG active power reference is corrected based on the analytical function of the wind farm LVRT process. The proposed model can accurately identify crowbar status and consider the voltage and wind speed differences without detailed model simulation results, improving the accuracy. Case studies are undertaken on a wind farm with fifty DFIGs. Simulation results indicated that the proposed model can match the detailed model under different wind scenarios and fault voltages, and it also increases simulation efficiency, which is suitable for studying the effect of LVRT on power systems. [Display omitted] • A three-stage dynamic equivalent method is proposed to model the wind farm. • Fault voltage is corrected to identify crowbar status given DFIGs' mutual impact. • Voltage differences among wind turbines are considered to reduce equivalent error. • The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed equivalent method. • The proposed model can capture the LVRT process of large-scale wind farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)–confined recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tube (RACFT) columns is barely studied. Especially, that of slender specimens has not been investigated so far. In this article, an experimental test of FRP-confined RACFT slender square columns was conducted to study the influences of recycled aggregate (RA) replacement ratios, FRP thicknesses, and wrapping schemes on their axial behavior. Results in this article suggest that the RA replacement ratio barely affects the initial stiffness of load-deflection curves of specimens. Moreover, the specimen with a higher RA replacement ratio has a lower axial stress but larger strain at the peak point. The external FRP jackets (either partial or full wrap) can effectively improve the performance of axially loaded RACFT columns, and the improvement of ductility due to the increase of the FRP thickness is more significant than that of axial compressive strength. Additionally, it was found that the axial strength and ultimate axial strain decrease with increasing slenderness ratios. Furthermore, the influences of slenderness ratios on the behavior of such columns are more significant for the column with a larger length-to-width ratio. Finally, a design model for FRP-confined RACFT slender square columns is developed, which can predict the results of the present test accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing theoretical models for the analysis of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns are mainly limited to circular specimens. This paper is aimed at developing a unified theoretical model which is applicable to CFST columns with different cross-sectional shapes, including circular, square, rectangular and round-ended specimens. CFST columns with different shapes (original columns) were replaced with equivalent circular columns by assuming that they have the same sectional areas of core concrete and steel tube. The difference in the behavior between the original and equivalent CFST columns is attributed to the shape effect, which is indicated and modelled by a confinement effectiveness factor. Then, a unified theoretical model for axially loaded CFST columns with different cross-sectional shapes was developed based on an equivalent circular column with the shape effect considered. A total of 982 CFST columns, including 550 circular columns, 396 rectangular (and square) columns, and 36 round-ended columns, were collected to assess the proposed model. Results suggest that the proposed model is capable of accurately predicting the load-carrying capacity and load-deflection curves of CFST columns with different cross-sectional shapes. Finally, the proposed theoretical model was adopted to develop a unified design model of axial load-carrying capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Ag/Cu-based argyrodites have recently received extensive attention as promising thermoelectric materials. This can be largely understood by the hierarchical chemical bonding structure that allows the existence of high-concentration and highly mobile Ag+/Cu+ ions distributed in the rigid polyanionic framework, since the diffusive cations enable an effective phonon scattering for phononically insulating as that in woods while the rigid framework ensures an electronic charge transport as that in trivial thermoelectric semiconductors. This review focused firstly on the synthesis of both single-crystalline and poly-crystalline argyrodites as well as the chemical compositions, phases and crystallographic features; secondly on the origins of the low lattice thermal conductivity including crystal structure complexity, weak bonded ions, strong lattice anharmonicity and low sound velocity; and thirdly on the electronic band structure characteristics including effective mass and band degeneracy for an evaluation on the electronic transport properties, as well as performance stability. These together lead a perspective on future development of thermoelectric argyrodites to emphasize the enhancement of electronic performance such as by carrier concentration and by manipulating the electronic band structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi-two-level PWM operation of modular multilevel converters enables very low module capacitance even at low machine speeds and high torques while the current distortion is tolerable. In this article, the application of nonlinear inductors together with this operation mode is investigated to further decrease the module capacitances. The requirements for the inductors are analytically derived and the design of the nonlinear inductors using a stepped air gap is demonstrated. The feasibility and the advantages of quasi-two-level PWM operation with nonlinear inductors are validated using simulations and a laboratory prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An FBE model for circular CFST columns under arbitrary end moments was developed. • A test database was collected to assess the accuracy of the proposed FBE model. • The behavior of CFST columns under arbitrary end moments were further discussed. • EC4 and AISC may underestimate the capacities of CFST columns under unequal end moments. This paper develops a nonlinear model for the analysis of circular CFST columns under equal and unequal end moments using fiber beam element (FBE) method. An iterative process adopting Newton's method combined with secant method was proposed to improve the calculation efficiency. A test database was collected to assess the accuracy of the proposed model regarding the prediction of axial load-bearing capacity, deflection curves and load–deflection curves. The verified model was then further used to investigate the behavior of CFST columns under different end moments. It was found that the normalized sectional locations of maximum deflection of CFST columns are only significantly affected by the end moment ratio, whereas those of critical sections are also influenced by the axial load. The specimen with a larger end moment ratio, steel strength, L / D ratio and/or a smaller e 1 / D ratio, D / t ratio experiences more significant second order effect. The bending stiffness of CFST columns is hardly affected by the end moment ratio. Moreover, the current codes, i.e., EC4 and AISC 360, may underestimate the capacities of CFST columns under unequal end moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental researches on the behaviors of large-diameter concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns are quite limited because of expenses and capacity of testing equipment. Finite element (FE) technique is an alternative and efficient method if suitable models of materials are available. Many FE models have been proposed to simulate the behaviors of CFT columns. Results predicted by the existing models are generally found to agree well with the experimental results of CFT columns, the diameters of which, however, are generally <300 mm. It is uncertain whether these models are still suitable for the columns with diameters larger than 300 mm. In this paper, a unified FE model applicable to both small- and large-diameter CFT stub columns is proposed. The proposed FE model is then used to study the influence of column parameters and size on the behaviors of steel tube and confined concrete in CFT columns, based on which an ultimate strength considering size effect is proposed. It was found that the existing FE model predicts conservative results for large-diameter columns, whereas the proposed model performs well for both small- and large-diameter columns. Parametric studies suggest size effect on the behavior of confined concrete in a CFT column is more significant than that of steel tube, which, however, is mitigated due to the confinement effect resulting from steel tube when compared with that of plain concrete. Finally, the proposed ultimate strength model is found to perform well and more accurate than the existing model. • A unified finite element model applicable to both small- and large-diameter CFT columns is proposed. • Size effect on the behaviors of concrete in CFT columns is mitigated due to the confinement effect resulting from steel tube. • A reduction model of peak stress is proposed to indicate the size effect of concrete in CFT columns • An ultimate strength model of CFT columns considering the size effect is proposed for design [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The behavior of eccentrically loaded circular CFST stub columns with localized corrosion was investigated. • The localized corrosion at the mid-height caused more significant capacity deterioration than that at the column ends. • Localized corrosion with γ = 0° and 180° has more adverse effects on the capacity than that with γ = 90°. • A design model was proposed for eccentrically loaded CFST column with localized corrosion. In this paper, 12 concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) stub columns with localized corrosion were tested under eccentric load. The effects of the depth ratio, size and location of localized corrosion, and loading eccentricity on the eccentric compression behavior of circular concrete-filled steel tube stub columns were investigated. A finite element model of circular CFST stub columns with localized corrosion under eccentric load was developed and then parameter analysis was carried out. Based on the experimental and numerical results, it was found that the load bearing capacity decreases with increasing the depth ratio and size of localized corrosion. The localized corrosion at the mid-height caused more significant capacity deterioration than that at the column ends. In addition, the localized corrosion with γ = 0° and 180° has more adverse effects on the capacity of eccentrically loaded CFST columns than that with γ = 90°. Moreover, the localized corrosion with γ = 0° (at compression side) is more harmful than that γ = 180° (at tension side) for the specimens with compression-controlled failure, and vice versa for the specimens with tension-controlled failure. Finally, a design model of eccentrically loaded CFST column with localized corrosion was proposed based on an established equivalent specimen. The results suggested that the proposed model predicted the load bearing capacities with reasonable accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study on Chlamys nobilis sperm cryopreservation by a programmable freezing method was conducted under laboratory condition. Four cryoprotectant agents (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], methanol [MET], propanediol[PG] and ethylene glycol [EG]) and four concentrations (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%) were evaluated for their ability to retain sperm motility, movement characteristics and fertility. Results showed that cryopreserved sperm total motility produced by DMSO and MET at 5%, 10% and 20% were higher than other cryoprotectant treatment groups (CPA groups), as well as rapid sperm percentage. The curvilinear (VCL) and straight line (VSL) velocity produced by DMSO at 5% significantly higher than other CPA groups (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were found for average path (VAP) velocity. The lateral head displacement (ALH) in all CPA groups was similar and without significant difference (p > 0.05), as well as the beat‐cross frequency (BCF). A significant higher fertilization rate was produced in DMSO than that in MET at same concentration (p < 0.05), and no significant differences were found for differing concentrations of the same cryoprotectant (p > 0.05). Overall, 5%‐20% DMSO was more suitable for Chlamys nobilis sperm programmable cryopreservation when the calcium‐free Hanks' balanced salt solution was used as the extender, and 10°C/min from 0°C to −80°C was used as freezing rate. The findings presented in this study will benefit conservation programs for Chlamys nobilis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Existence of surface acoustic waves(SAW) on a piezoelectric layer with the half-infinite elastic layer is investigated. This structure belongs to an open waveguide with the unbounded boundary in the transverse direction. Except for trapped modes, leaky modes have often been considered in SAW applications, which requires waves of low attenuation in order to maximize the propagation distance. Therefore, we develop an another formulation of piezoelectric layer structures for the computation of trapped and leaky modes in open waveguides. This method combines the so-called semi-analytical isogeometric analysis and a perfectly matched layer technique (SIGA-PML). The comparison between semi-analytical finite element (SAFE-PML) and SIGA-PML is given, in order to show the effective and accuracy of SIGA-PML. Finally, we analyze propagation properties of Rayleigh waves and discuss the impact of the thickness of Cu films on the dispersive relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous study has suggested that the stress paths of confined concrete in concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) stub columns influence the compressive strengths of the concrete, which, however, is based on the test of concrete-loaded CFT columns. In this paper, to fully understand the compressive strength of confined concrete in CFT column, the stress paths of confined concrete in the whole-section-loaded CFT columns are investigated. A detailed parametric study is conducted on the stress paths and their corresponding effects on compressive strength. Test results suggest that the lateral stress of the concrete in a whole-section-loaded CFT column generally occurred in a later stage and less significant than that in a concrete-loaded CFT column. The compressive strength of confined concrete in the whole-section-loaded CFT column with a small confinement coefficient is path-dependent, and the confinement effect of the concrete is generally weaker than that in concrete-loaded CFT column. With the increase of the confinement coefficient, the compressive strengths of confined concrete in whole-section-loaded CFT columns become path-independent. Based on the test results, a compressive strength model incorporating the stress path effect is developed for confined concrete in both whole-section-loaded and the concrete-loaded CFT columns. Good agreement between the experimental results and the ones predicted by the model is found, indicating a high performance of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different from conventional power plants, a wind farm usually consists of hundreds of wind generators and collector systems with arbitrary topology. The numerous devices increase modeling efforts and computational burden. This paper proposes a vector-variable based method for dynamic modeling of the large-scale wind farm considering collector system dynamics. Using the vector variables, the modeling method converts the complex wind farm containing many components to a model consisting of two typical submodules, the wind generator module and the collector system module. These submodules can establish any number of wind generators and any topology of the collection systems considering dynamics freely, with good scalability. The correctness and high simulation efficiency of the established model are validated by the electromagnetic model. Furthermore, a detailed wind farm containing twenty-five wind generators is built via the proposed method. Compared with the aggregation model, the results show that the established model can reflect the wind farm stability accurately. Also, by comparing with the model neglecting the collector system dynamics, the results reveal the relative error caused by neglecting the collector system dynamics can lead to misjudgment of instability mode when analyzing the sub-synchronous modes. [Display omitted] • Based on vector variables, two typical modules can model whole wind farm in detail. • The model has better scalability and higher efficiency than electromagnetic model. • The model can reveal dynamics of wind farm more precise than aggregation model. • Neglecting collector network dynamics will cause misjudgement of instability mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a convenient method for estimating external quantum efficiency (EQE) of light-emitting diode directly from the energy conversion efficiency, based on two facts. One lies in that the EQE approximately reaches its maximum when the power source provides the amount of energy that equals the electroluminescence peak energy (${E}_{\textsf {ELp}}$) to every electron. For the other, an electron carrying higher electrical energy than ${E}_{\textsf {ELp}}$ will release its excessive portion to lattice vibration during radiative recombination, thus emitting a photon with the energy around ${\text E}_{\textsf {ELp}}$. In comparison with traditional methods, our approach maintains a decent accuracy of mostly 0.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Recent discoveries of novel thermoelectric materials largely rely on an intrinsic low lattice thermal conductivity. This results from various mechanisms including low sound velocity, complex crystal structure, liquid‐like ions, and lattice anharmonicity. Here semiconducting Ag9AlSe6 with many weakly bonded and highly disordered cations is shown to be a promising novel thermoelectric material, due to its ultralow lattice thermal conductivity (κL) of ≈0.3 W m−1 K−1 in the entire temperature range. Such a low κL is believed to be a result of its (1) complex crystal structure for a small population of acoustic phonons, (2) soft bonding for an overall low sound velocity (1300 m s−1), and (3) massive disordering of Ag ions. Its electronic transport properties can be well understood by a single parabolic band model with acoustic scattering. The achieved thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) can be as high as unity, which is unlike conventional thermoelectric materials, which rely heavily on a high power factor. This work not only demonstrates Ag9AlSe6 as a promising thermoelectric material, but also paves the way for the exploration of novel thermoelectrics with a complex crystal structure with weakly bonded and highly disordered constituent elements in the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

So far, the loading path effect on the compressive strength of confined concrete has been poorly investigated. To clarify the compressive strength of confined concrete in concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns, experimental tests with a total of 18 specimens are conducted to investigate the loading paths of confined concrete in concrete loaded CFT stub columns. The parameters that are varied in the experiment include the steel strength, the unconfined concrete strength and the D / t ratio. Two evaluation indices, namely the laterally dominant index and the effect index, are proposed to characterize the loading path and its effect on the compressive strength of confined concrete, respectively. A detailed parametric study is conducted on the loading paths and the corresponding effects on compressive strength. The results suggest that the loading paths of confined concrete in CFT column are affected by the column parameters. Depending on the loading paths by which the concretes are confined, the loading path effects on the compressive strength of the confined concrete in CFT columns could be totally different. Based on the test results, a compressive strength model incorporating the loading path effect is developed and good performance was found in comparison with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Large-sized InSe single crystal. • The ground simulation apparatus of China space station. • γ-Phase with space group of standard R 3 m. • A positive thermal expansion at 30–500 °C. • No element volatilization even the temperature as high as 1000 °C. Indium selenide (InSe) semiconductor crystal was grown by using the ground simulation apparatus of China space station in this work. The furnace was controlled at 715 °C and the temperature gradient for crystal growth was ∼30 °C/cm. The as-grown InSe crystalizes in γ-phase with space group of R 3 m. The average etching pits density (EPD) is estimated to be about 104/cm2. Thermal analysis indicates a positive thermal expansion at 30–500 °C and no volatilization occurred even as high as 1000 °C. This work not only establishes a reliable process for preparing large-sized InSe single crystal but also creates a foundation for further work in outer space in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imperatorin (IMP) is a secondary metabolite of plants and is the most abundant in Angelica dahurica. Previous studies showed that IMP exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 cell line. Here, we aim to investigate the roles and mechanisms of IMP in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), in view of the difference between primary macrophages and cell lines. BMDMs were stimulated with LPS for the inflammation model. Flow cytometry was performed with BMDMs treated with different doses of IMP (0–20mg/L) within staining Annexin V-APC for 5 min. The cytokines and inflammatory mediators were detected by RT-PCR or ELISA. RNA-seq was performed in IMP-treated BMDMs or control, stimulated with LPS for 6h. Western blotting is carried out to determine the phosphorylation of p65, ERK1/2, JNK1, p38, and Akt. Our results showed that IMP inhibited IL-12p40, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated BMDMs. RNA-seq analysis suggested that IMP inhibits Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (KEGG), TNF signaling pathway (KEGG), NF-κB signaling pathway (KEGG), Inflammatory Response (GO). In addition, IMP inhibited myd88, tpl2, cxcl1, ptgs2(COX-2) expression in mRNA level. Finally, we found decreased phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in IMP-treated BMDMs, after stimulated with LPS. IMP inhibits IL-12p40, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression in LPS-stimulated BMDMs. IMP inhibits macrophage activation, which maybe resulted in decreased phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. Furthermore, IMP may protect against the progress of inflammatory-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inevitable self-heating effects have been investigated for LEDs to date. In this paper, we present the thermally-induced penalty (TIP), and derive an upper external quantum efficiency (EQE) limit for a given bare LED by adding TIP to the real EQE. We find that the red-AlGaInP LED exhibits no efficiency droop under room temperature and the TIP is responsible for its real EQE droop. Among the TIPs of red, green, and blue LEDs, the red-AlGaInP LED suffers the most severe penalty. This TIP can serve as a criterion for LED cooling design, with its lower values leading to higher cooling rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Behavior of circular UHSCFT columns under different end moments was investigated. • Second order effect of UHSCFT columns under different end moments was discussed. • Capacity of UHSCFT columns under unequal end moments is not well predicted by current codes. Concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns in multi-storey frames may be subjected to unequal end moments, especially during earthquakes. The behavior of ultra-high strength concrete-filled steel tube columns (UHSCFT) with concrete strengths greater than 100 MPa subjected to unequal end moments has not been studied thus far. In this study, 22 UHSCFT columns were designed and tested to investigate the influence of the end moment ratio β , eccentricity ratio e / D , and slenderness ratio L / D on the behavior of UHSCFT columns under different end moments. The results suggested that varying β from 1.0 to 0 resulted in a higher axial load-bearing capacity for the UHSCFT columns with e / D = 0.4, L / D = 7.5, whereas for β ≤ 0, the effect of the end moment ratio was marginal. Moreover, the axial load-bearing capacity generally decreased with increasing L / D and/or e / D ratios. Smaller β , smaller e / D ratios, and/or larger L / D ratios generally led to more brittle behavior in UHSCFT columns. The second order effect of UHSCFT columns with equal end moments was significant, whereas those of specimens with unequal end moments (L / D ≤ 12, e / D ≤ 0.4) could generally be neglected. Current design codes, such as EC4, AISC 360 and GB 50936, are unable to well predict the resistance to compression and bending of UHSCFT columns under unequal end moments. It was observed that the accuracy of GB 50936 would be improved by assuming K ' a ≥ 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an experimental method that determines junction temperatures in light-emitting diodes by measuring currents while holding the low forward voltages constant. In this procedure, we first calibrate current-temperature-rela- tionship parameters under the condition of negligible thermal generation. With one of the two parametric values, we discover the existence of a forward voltage peak that yields most sensitive measurements of the junction temperature. Results show a nearly linear relationship between the algorithmic currents and temperature reciprocals with high testing precision. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A method is presented in this study to determine the junction temperature (Tj) of LED in terms of the relationship between the diode reverse current (IR) and Tj. A theoretical model for the dependence of IR on Tj is derived on the basis of the Shockley equation and is validated by our experimental results. The method is compared with the conventional forward voltage method, and its advantages have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A homogenous high-throughput assay has been developed to measure the binding between nuclear receptors and test compounds. This assay applies a fluorescence polarization (FP) detection method using human glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a model system. Crude receptor extract, which requires no additional purification, is used in the assay. The binding conditions (i.e., DMSO tolerance, temperature, stability, and variability) have been investigated and validated. At the optimized conditions, a signal-to-background ratio of 2:1 and a Z′-factor of 0.7 was achieved in a 384-well format. Several known strong and weak GR ligands have been evaluated in this system. Possible interference of fluorescent compounds and methods to identify false positives are also discussed. This FP-based assay system can potentially be used for many soluble nuclear receptors in high-throughput binding assays. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Metamaterials with ultra-low frequency and broad bandgaps have seldom been reported. In this paper, we propose a metamaterial whose unit cell consists of a dynamic vibration absorber with negative stiffness (NSDVA). Firstly, the band structure, effective indices and stability of the metamaterial were investigated considering an infinite lattice. Unlike traditional metamaterials, the proposed metamaterial exhibits a quasi-static bandgap and negative effective stiffness due to the presence of a negative-stiffness element. The stable condition was defined by the critical value of the negative stiffness, which was derived analytically through the closed solution of the bandgap's start frequency. Parametric studies on the quasi-static bandgap were conducted. It was found that, in the stable condition, the stopband becomes wider when the stiffness ratio increases and the mass ratio decreases. Furthermore, transmission and transient analyses were conducted considering a finite chain. The results of the parametric studies on the transmission were consistent with the relevant predictions on the bandgap. A harmonic transient analysis validated the capability of wave attenuation, and the wavenumber-frequency spectrum of the output signal excited by white noise further verified the band structure. Finally, the proposed metamaterial was used as a seismic metabarrier consisting of built-up steel barriers, resonators, RC retaining walls, and wire ropes. The investigation on the seismic performance of the metabarrier revealed its applicability in urban regional earthquake resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a comparison of the signaling characteristics of various wild-type and mutant alphagamma2 and alphabetagamma2 high affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor [FcepsilonRI] complexes. Function of the gamma dimer as an autonomous activation module; Beta's function as an amplifier to provide gain of 5- to 7-fold; Molecular analysis of beta amplification of signaling.

This paper developed a novel bolted connection of prefabricated partially encased composite (PEC) beam to concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) column by end-plates or π-connectors, and two joints with varying design details were tested subjected to cyclic loading. The seismic performance of the developed connections was investigated by experimental and finite element (FE) analysis. It was observed that both the two type connections exhibited concrete crushing within the PEC beam, accompanied by localized buckling and eventual fracture of the flanges in the main steel component of the beam. At the same time, other components were essentially in the elastic phase, such as end-plates, π-connectors, high-strength bolts, and column steel tubes. The bolted end-plate connections demonstrated excellent hysteretic performance, exhibiting high ductility factors. The stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of the bolted π-connector connections were significantly diminished due to the influence of relative slippage between the π-connectors and the beams, in stark contrast to the bolted end-plate connection. According to Eurocode 3, the suggested connection configurations exhibited semi-rigid behavior and full-strength characteristics for non-sway frames. • A novel connection of prefabricated partially encased composite (PEC) beam to CFST column was developed. • The seismic performance of the developed connections was investigated by experimental test and finite element (FE) model. • Bolt slippage has a significant effect on the stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of the specimen. • The suggested connection configurations exhibited semi-rigid behavior and full-strength characteristics for non-sway frames. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies suggested that the behaviors of confined concrete in concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns were dependent on their confining stress paths, which thus should be considered in order to well predict their behaviors. Several confining stress path dependent analytical models had been proposed, which, however, were all developed for fiber polymer (FRP) confined concretes. Although one of the existing models can also be applicable to CFT columns, it mainly focused on the specimens with normal strength concrete. Additionally, existing confining stress path dependent models may result in fluctuation issue of load-deflection curves for CFT specimens. This paper proposed a new confining stress path dependent analytical model that is applicable to normal, high and ultra-high strength concrete-filled steel tube columns. Experimental tests were collected to assess the performance of the proposed analytical model, and it was found that the proposed model performs quite well for normal, high and ultra-high strength concrete-filled steel tube columns and generally can avoid the fluctuation issue of load-deflection curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Size effects on the effective stress-strain curve of steel tube and concrete are the first time investigated in detail. • Fibre-based element (FBE) models incorporating the size effect are proposed. • The proposed FBE models perform well for both small- and large- size CFT stub columns. • The proposed FBE models are also applicable to slender CFT columns and predict the results with reasonable accuracy. • Ultimate strength model considering the size effect for the concentrically loaded CFT stub and slender columns is proposed. The fibre beam element (FBE) method has been widely used to investigate the behaviors of concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns for its high efficiency and accuracy. The existing models were generally developed or calibrated by using specimens with relatively small size, in which the size effects were ignored or poorly incorporated. Additionally, most existing FBE models focused on CFT stub columns. In this paper, a new FBE model for nonlinear analysis of concentrically loaded stub and slender columns was proposed, in which the size effects on the effective stress-strain relationships of steel tube and core concrete were well incorporated. The proposed FBE models were then used to develop an ultimate strength model for the design of both stub and slender columns. A total of 1029 specimens assembled from 72 previous studies were used to verify the proposed models. The results suggested that the proposed FBE model performs quite well for both small- and large- size CFT stub columns and predicts the behaviors of slender columns with reasonable accuracy. Moreover, the ultimate strength model developed based on the proposed FBE models was found to make satisfying prediction of test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Columns failed near the mid-zone were commonly found in practical engineering when subjected to an increasing compression load caused by the vertical ground motion during an earthquake, indicating that more confinement may be necessary at the mid-zone. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have been widely used to strengthen the columns. Different wrapping schemes, including full, partial, and nonuniform wrap, have been proposed. Generally, FRP-confined concrete stub columns using the existing wrapping schemes failed by the rupture of FRP at the middle zone, indicating the middle zone of the columns were not well confined by using the existing wrapping schemes. A new wrapping scheme with more FRP sheets applied in the middle zone is proposed. Experimental tests with a total of 28 specimens were conducted to evaluate the performance of different wrapping schemes, based on which an arrangement way that the applied FRP materials decrease from the middle zone to the end is recommended. The results suggest FRP materials along the height of a column can be more efficiently utilized by using the recommended wrapping scheme. Additionally, compared with the specimens using the existing wrapping schemes with the same amount of FRP materials, the recommended wrapping scheme significantly improves the strength and ductile behavior of columns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lattice thermal conductivity (κ L) is one of the most fundamental properties of solids. The acoustic–elastic-wave assumption, proposed by Debye (Debye P. Ann Phys 1912; 344 : 789–839), has led to linear phonon dispersion being the most common approximation for understanding phonon transport over the past century. Such an assumption does not take into account the effect of a periodic boundary condition on the phonon dispersion, originating from the nature of periodicity on atomic arrangements. Driven by modern demands on the thermal functionality of materials, with κ L ranging from ultra-low to ultra-high, any deviation from the Debye approximation in real materials becomes more and more significant. This work takes into account the periodic boundary condition, and therefore rationalizes the phonon dispersion to be more realistic. This significantly improves the precision for quickly predicting κ L without any fitting parameters, as demonstrated in hundreds of materials, and offers a theoretical basis rationalizing κ L to be lower than the minimum currently accepted based on the Debye dispersion. This work paves the way for designing solids with expected κ L and particularly inspires the advancement of low- κ L materials for thermal energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many efforts are recently devoted on improving thermoelectric SnTe as an environment-friendly alternative to conventional PbTe and successful approaches include valence band convergence, nanostructuring, and substantial/ interstitial defects. Among these strategies, alloying SnTe with MnTe enables the most effective reduction in the valence band offset (between L and Σ) for a convergence due to its high solubility of ≈15%, yet there is no indication that the solubility of MnTe is high enough for fully optimizing the valence band structure and thus for maximizing the electronic performance. Here, a strategy is shown to increase the MnTe solubility up to ≈25% by alloying with 5% GeTe, which successfully locates the composition (20% MnTe) to optimize the valence band structure by converging a more degenerated Λ (as compared with band L) and Σ valence bands. Through a further alloying with Cu2Te, the resultant Cu-interstitial defects enable a sufficient reduction in lattice thermal conductivity to its amorphous limit (0.4 W m-1 K-1). These electronic and thermal effects successfully realize a record-high thermoelectric figure of merit, zT of 1.8, strongly competing with that of PbTe. This work demonstrates the validity of band manipulation and interstitial defects for realizing extraordinary thermoelectric performance in SnTe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the compressive behavior of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns strengthened by CFRP under axial loading. The outer skin was made of square hollow sections (SHS), while the inner skin was made of circular hollow sections (CHS). Twelve CFDST columns strengthened by CFRP and three CFDST columns were tested. The failure mode, load-displacement relationship, axial load-carrying capacity and initial stiffness are given and analyzed. The results showed that the CFDST columns strengthened by CFRP have better mechanical properties than the column without CFRP reinforcement (i.e. the CFDST columns). The CFDST columns strengthened by CFRP eventually failed due to CFRP rupture or buckling of the external steel tube near the end and cracked concrete damage from the outer steel tube. The stiffness and axial load bearing capacity of the column can be improved as the number of CFRP layers increases. A simplified design formula of CFDST columns strengthened by CFRP is proposed, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concrete-filled-steel-tube (CFST) column has been widely used in construction due to the benefit of composite action between inner concrete and exterior steel tube. Under axial compression, the steel tube is subjected to biaxial stress state in the hoop and axial direction, and the hoop stress component provides confinement for the inner concrete. However, the existence of axial stress component accelerates the buckling of steel tube, which hinders its confinement effect to inner concrete and accordingly column's axial compressive strength and ductility. This paper aims to enhance the axial compressive strength and ductility of CFST stub columns by improving its confinement effect provided by the steel tube. CFST stub columns axially loaded/unloaded were experimentally studied for different cases: a) varying concrete strength, b) lubrication on the contact between steel tube and concrete and c) corrugations in the steel tube that are introduced to intentionally weaken the tube vertically. It was found that axial compressive strength of CFST stub columns was effectively enhanced by reducing the axial stress in the steel tube. The introduction of corrugations in the steel tube led to largely concentrated axial deformation which reduced axial stress in other portions of the steel tube and consequently resulted in “tighter” hoop confinement to the inner concrete; both axial compressive strength and ductility were enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tumor cells plunder NK cells of polyamines to meet their energy needs. • Decreased NK cell polyamines lead to decreased immune activity. • Reduced polyamines in NK cells lead to c-Myc inhibition and glycolytic dysfunction. • Immune activity can be restored after polyamine supplementation to NK cells. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes with important anti-tumour functions. Cellular metabolism is dynamically regulated in NK cells and strongly influences their responses. Myc is a key regulator of immune cell activity and function, but little is known about how Myc controls NK cell activation and function. In this study, we found that c-Myc is involved in the regulation of NK cell immune activity. In the development of colon cancer, the energy generation disorder of tumor cells promotes the plunder of polyamines of NK cells by tumor cells, resulting in the inhibition of NK cell c-Myc. After inhibition of c-Myc, glycolysis of NK cells was impaired, resulting in decreased killing activity. There are three main types of polyamines: putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm). We found that the NK cells could reverse the inhibition state of c-Myc and glycolysis energy supply disorder and recover the killing activity of NK cells after giving certain spermidine. These results suggest that polyamine content and glycolysis supply under the regulation of c-Myc play a crucial role in the immune activity of NK cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Next‐generation thermal management requires the development of low lattice thermal conductivity materials, as observed in ionic conductors. For example, thermoelectric efficiency is increased when thermal conductivity is decreased. Detrimentally, high ionic conductivity leads to thermoelectric device degradation. Battery safety and design also require an understanding of thermal transport in ionic conductors. Ion mobility, structural complexity, and anharmonicity have been used to explain the thermal transport properties of ionic conductors. However, thermal and ionic transport are rarely discussed in direct comparison. Herein, the ionic conductivity of Ag+ argyrodites is found to change by orders of magnitude without altering the thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity measurements and two‐channel lattice dynamics modeling reveal that the majority of Ag+ vibrations have a non‐propagating diffuson‐like character, similar to amorphous materials. It is found that high ionic mobility is not a requirement for diffuson‐mediated transport. Instead, the same bonding and structural traits that can lead to fast ionic conduction also lead to diffuson‐mediated transport. Bridging the fields of solid‐state ionics and thermal transport, it is proposed that a vibrational perspective can lead to new design strategies for functional ionic conducting materials. As a first step, the authors relate the so‐called Meyer–Neldel behavior in ionic conductors to phonon occupations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Stoichiometric manipulation of Ag 2 Se1+ x to optimize the thermoelectric performance. • A peak thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) of 0.81. • An average zT ∼ 0.72 in the temperature range of 310–380 K. • A 25% improvement of Vickers hardness for Ag 2 Se 1.03. Thermoelectric silver selenide alloys have attracted significant attention owing to their high carrier mobility and promising thermoelectric performance. In this study, the phase diagram window is utilized to synthesize Ag 2 Se 1+ x samples within the range of −0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.03. It is found that an excess of Se is helpful to fabricate pure-phase Ag 2 Se samples at room temperature. Combined with the optimized carrier concentration and reduced thermal conductivity, Ag 2 Se 1.03 sample exhibits an average zT ∼ 0.72 in the temperature range of 310–380 K, as well as a 25 % improvement of the Vickers hardness compared to that of the stoichiometric Ag 2 Se sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the lower elastic modulus, the composite effect of concrete-filled aluminum alloy tube (CFAT) is weaker than that of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST), resulting in different behaviour of CFAT columns compared to CFST ones. However, so far, experimental study on CFAT columns is very limited, which makes their mechanical properties not fully understood. In addition, the existing theoretical models are mainly limited to analyze the performance of CFST columns or FRP-confined concrete. However, there is a lack of a theoretical model for predicting the complete axial load versus axial strain response of CFAT under axial compression. To fully understand the axial behavior of CFAT columns and establish the axial load versus axial strain theoretical model, a total of 9 circular CFAT short columns were axially tested. The effects of concrete strength, diameter-to-thickness ratio on the failure pattern, axial load versus deformation response, ultimate capacity, composite effect, and ductility of the tested specimens were ascertained. The test results indicate that CFAT short columns undergo bulging or shear failure, exhibits good composite effect and ductility; As the concrete strength increases, the composite effect and ductility of columns are decreased, while the ultimate capacity is increased. In addition, based on experimental results, the existing dilation model of confined concrete proposed by Teng was verified. By introducing the verified dilation model, a theoretical model for analyzing the axial response of CFAT short columns was proposed by use of basic equations of elasto-plastic theory. By comparing with the experimental results compiled from the current study and previous literature, the compared results indicate that the proposed theoretical model is in good agreement with the experimental results. • A total of 9 circular CFAT short columns are axially tested. • CFAT short columns undergo bulging or shear failure. • A theoretical model for analyzing the axial response of CFAT columns is proposed. • The proposed theoretical model is shown to provide very good prediction results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous investigations have shown that the confining stress paths (CSPs) of confined concrete significantly affected the compressive behaviour of confined concrete in fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) confined concrete or concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns. Unlike the concrete in FRP-confined concrete or CFST columns, which is only confined by external materials, e.g., FRP sheet or steel tube, the concrete in concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns is confined by both the external and internal steel tubes. Due to different confinement mechanisms, the CSPs of confined concrete in CFDST columns may be different from those in FRP-confined concrete or CFST ones, but they have not been investigated so far. In this paper, the CSPs of confined concrete in circular CFDST stub columns were experimentally investigated, and their corresponding influences on the compressive strength were also discussed. It is shown that the CSPs of confined concrete induced by the external tube are considerably influenced by column variables, whereas those generated by the internal tube found no obvious trend. Moreover, the results suggest that the compressive strength of confined concrete in specimens with a confinement coefficient η less than 2.731 is CSP-dependent, based on which, a compressive strength model of confined concrete considering the CSP effect is developed for circular CFDST columns. Based on this model, a CSP-based compressive strength model for estimating the ultimate strength of CFDST columns is proposed, and comparison with existing models against the collected test data indicates a higher accuracy of the predictions for the proposed model. • 28 specimens are tested to investigate the confining stress paths of confined concrete in CFDST columns. • A CSP-based compressive strength model for estimating the ultimate strength of CFDST columns is proposed. • A summary of 154 experimental data in the current and previous studies is performed. • Compared with existing models, the proposed model is more consistent with the test results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns possess lower self-weight, higher ductility and energy absorption than conventional concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) ones. The use of high-strength concrete (HSC) can further enhance their advantages, such as greater mechanical and economical benefits. However, there is little information on the structural performance of CFDST columns with HSC, especially ones with ultrahigh-strength concrete (UHSC). In this paper, a comprehensive experimental program consisted of 24 specimens was carried out to investigate the compressive behaviour of circular CFDST short columns with HSC and UHSC. The test results show that CFDST columns with higher strength concrete generally achieve higher initial stiffness and axial strengths but lower ductility. Additionally, the axial strengths of CFDST columns are improved as the yield stress and wall thickness of the outer steel tubes increase and as the hollow ratio decreases. A finite element (FE) model was established and verified against the present test results, based on which the interaction of the steel tubes and concrete and the load distribution on components were analysed. A parametric study using the verified FE model was conducted to further ascertain the influences of column variables on the compressive behaviour of the studied CFDST columns. Finally, the applicability of the existing design codes and empirical models to design the CFDST columns was evaluated based on the test results in the present and previous studies. It is shown that European code EN 1994 − 1 − 1 (EC4) achieves better strength predictions than other design models. • Tests on 24 circular CFDST short columns with HSC and UHSC are conducted. • The findings from experimental tests are discussed. • The FE models are established and verified against the present test results. • A summary of 150 experimental data in the present and previous studies is performed. • The applicability of the existing design codes and empirical models to design the CFDST columns is evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solution phase synthesis of N-protected amino acids and peptides has been achieved through the Group-Assisted Purification (GAP) chemistry by avoiding disadvantages of other methods in regard to the difficult scale-up, expenses of solid and soluble polymers, etc. The GAP synthesis can reduce the use of solvents, silica gels, energy and manpower. In addition, the GAP auxiliary can be conveniently recovered for re-use and is environmentally friendly and benign, and substantially reduces waste production in academic labs and industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary AgSbTe2 materials are frequently reported to show a promising thermoelectric performance, due to the intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity and complex valence band structure. However, stoichiometric AgSbTe2 is found to be thermodynamically unstable and would partially decompose into Ag2Te and Sb2Te3 during thermal cycling. Instead, Ag0.366Sb0.558Te is the composition for stabilizing the single‐phase according to the Ag2Te‐Sb2Te3 phase diagram, while the thermoelectric transport properties have rarely been reported and are the focus of this work. Sn/Sb substitution is found to effectively increase not only the carrier concentration from ≈5 × 1019 cm−3 to ≈4 × 1021 cm−3, but also the density‐of‐states effective mass, leading to an enhanced Seebeck coefficient along with a decreased carrier mobility. Single parabolic band (SPB) model with acoustic phonon scattering enables a good understanding on the charge transport. The increased carrier concentration effectively suppresses the bipolar effect at high temperatures. As a result, a peak zT of ≈1.3 and an average of ≈0.9 are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the roles of ammonia ion, pH, and salinity triggering sperm motility, effect of various ammonia ion concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20 mM), external pH (pH e , 7.00, 8.20, 9.00, 9.50) and salinity (20, 25, 31, 35, 40 psμ) on total motile sperm (TM) and swimming movement characteristics (curvilinear velocity - VCL, straight-line velocity - VSL, average path velocity - VAP, beat-cross frequency -BCF) were investigated for Chinese pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii , under laboratory condition. The TM and swimming movement characteristics were analyzed by a computer assisted sperm analysis system, based on sperm parameters of invertebrate. Ammonium ion as the major factor in triggering sperm motility, rather than pH e was proved. Sperm motility was less affected by differing salinity solution without ammonium ion. Seawater containing 2 mM or 3 mM ammonium ion were suggested to be used for motility trigged and movement evolution for P. fucata martensii. The results in the present study are instructive for artificial external fertilization, gamete stocks and management in P. fucata martensii. • The ammonium ion as the major factor in triggering sperm motility, rather than pH e , was proved. • Sperm motility was less affected by differing salinity solution without ammonium ion, while triggered by pH e > 9.0. • 2 mM or 3 mM NH 3 -seawater were suggested for sperm motility trigged and movement evolution in Pinctada fucata martensii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The compressive strengths of HCCFST columns are significantly affected by the column parameters. • A new confinement coefficient reflecting the confinement effect of concrete strength is proposed. • A novel formula is proposed to predict the compressive strengths of circular HCCFST stub columns. • The proposed formula can also be used to predict the compressive strength of circular CFST stub columns. • Han's FE model can be used to reasonably predict the axial behavior of circular HCCFST stub columns. Circular hollow centrifugal concrete-filled steel tubes (HCCFSTs) are employed widely as structural components, such as power station structures and building foundations, in virtue of their exceedingly good structural performance features. It is essential to comprehend the compressive behavior of circular HCCFST columns and suitably evaluate their compressive strength for practical engineering design. However, limited researches on HCCFST columns have almost not resulted in the development of appropriate design formulae in current international standards. This paper aims to propose a practical formula for estimating the compressive strength of circular HCCFST stub columns that have a wide range of parameters. A new confinement coefficient reflecting the confinement effect of concrete strength in circular HCCFST short columns is proposed, and using the proposed confinement coefficient, a novel strength design formula is developed to estimate the compressive strength of circular HCCFST short columns. The proposed formula is investigated using collected experimental data from literature and finite element analysis results. It is shown that the proposed confinement coefficient can reflect the interaction effect between the steel tube and infilled concrete, and the developed axial capacity formula in this paper offers better predictions of compressive strength than current design formulae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the physiological responses of euryhaline fish to reared salinity, the gut microbiota composition and antioxidant enzymes activity of same batch barramundi Lates calcarifer reared in two extreme salinity condition (seawater and freshwater) were studied, under laboratory condition. The gut bacterial composition was analyzed using high-throughput Illumina sequencing. Acid phosphatase (ACP), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lipid peroxide (LPO), lysozyme (LZM), malonaldehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were used as biochemical indicators. The reared salinity did not change the major composition of barramundi gut bacteria under circulating aquaculture system. Proteobacteria , Firmicutes were the most phylum in barramundi gut microbiota community, and Exiguobacterium , Citrobacter , Acinetobacter , Pseudomonas were the dominate genus. CAT and ACP activity in barramundi liver were found significantly different between freshwater and seawater group. GSH-Px, LZM, POD, SOD activity and MDA, LPO levels were not significantly affected by reared salinity. This study is the first high-throughput analyses of the gut microbiota diversity in barramundi from same batch of siblings reared under two extreme salinity condition. And the findings in the present study can be instructive to the management of animal health in barramundi circulating farming activities, and further euryhaline fish gut microecology research. • We evaluated the gut microbiota diversity in barramundi from same batch of siblings reared under seawater and freshwater. • The rearing salinity did not change the major composition of barramundi gut bacteria under circulating aquaculture system. • Proteobacteria , Firmicutes were the most phylum in barramundi gut microbiota community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]