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This paper reports on the use of waste ceramics tiles and waste diatomite in the synthesis of a novel porous ceramics construction material (WRPC) for moisture retention. Experiments were performed to elucidate the impact of sintering temperature (1000 °C–1200 °C) and the proportion of waste ceramics tiles (0 %–40 %) on mechanical properties and water absorption performance. The crystalline phases and constituent minerals were identified using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The proportion of waste ceramic material in the mix was positively correlated with volume shrinkage and inversely correlated with porosity. Sintering temperature was positively correlated with density and compressive strength, and negatively correlated with porosity and water absorption capacity. The primary crystal phase in the WRPC was identified as cristobalite, the intensity of which decreased with an increase in the content of material derived from waste ceramics tile. Under high heating temperatures, all of the quartz in the WRPC samples transformed into cristobalite, resulting in good chemical and thermal stability. The WRPC samples exhibited high compressive strength (>3 MPa), high water absorption capacity (>0.15 g/m2), and slow water-releasing behavior (t 1/2 = 4.1−17.3 h). Experiment results confirmed that waste ceramic tiles and waste diatomite could be transformed into construction materials of practical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of ecological-nanohydroxylapatite (ECO-NHAp) made from Fine–grained calcareous sludge waste. • The obtained materials were found to be effective adsorbents for Cd2+ metal ions from water. • The adsorption revealed Langmuir isotherms reaction. • More than 99% heavy metal pollutants removal using ECO-NHAp. This paper reports on the hydrothermal synthesis of ecological-nanohydroxyapatite (ECO-NHAp) using Ca extracted from fine-grained calcareous sludge via acid dissolution for use as an adsorbent in the removal of Cd2+ from wastewater. The ECO-NHAp was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the effects of contact time and initial Cd2+ concentration on adsorption efficiency. Kinetics and adsorption behavior were examined using Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Temkin, and Sips isotherms. Overall, the Cd2+ adsorption capacity of ECO-NHAp was good (35.09 mg/g) and Langmuir isotherms indicated monolayer adsorption. After controlling for entropy, we found the changes in enthalpy and entropy were positive, while the Gibbs energy was negative. The proposed ECO-NHAp synthesized using raw materials from fine-grained calcareous sludge could be used as a rapid adsorbent for metal ion extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A Mesoporous humidity control materials was prepared from stone sludge and CRT waste panel glass. • Stone sludge and CRT waste panel glass comprises a substantial amount of extractable and processable alumino-silicate. • The Al-MCM-41 has abundant mesoporous, large specific surface area and pore volume. • Mesoporous in Al-MCM-41 is in favor of capillary condensation and moisture adsorption. • Amine-grafted Al-MCM-41 with humidity control capability was successfully prepared. This study sought to overcome the high energy consumption of mechanical dehumidifiers by synthesizing humidity control materials using alumino-silicate raw materials extracted from stone sludge and cathode ray tube (CRT) waste panel glass. The structure of the synthesized materials matches that of Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) mesoporous molecular sieves, which was subjected to amine functionalization using (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane at various concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5 vol.%). The resulting materials were characterized using X-ray fluorescence analysis, small angle X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, and 27Al solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves with 5.0% grafted amine functional groups presented high specific surface area and high pore uniformity resulting in the highest equilibrium moisture content (39.4 kg/kg). The high thermal and humidity buffer capacity of the proposed material could greatly enhance the comfort of interior spaces without the energy consumption of mechanical dehumidifiers. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Converting limestone sludge waste into hydroxyapatite rod-shaped particles by hydrothermal method. • The obtained materials were found to be effective adsorbents for Pb2+. • Preparing a novel sorbent with high adsorption capacity of 476.19 mg/g. • This provides a new avenue to address wastewater treatment and limestone sludge. This paper reports on the recycling of the Ca2+ ion-rich filtrate of limestone sludge for use as a raw material in the hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) applicable to the removal of Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Samples of HAp (eco-HAp) were prepared using a range of Ca/P molar ratios (Ca/P MRs) (1, 1.67, 2.33 and 3) and hydrothermal temperatures (393–453 K). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of O–H groups and PO 4 3–(ν1) groups (indicative of HAp). Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of elliptical surface microstructures. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed single crystal sites of inorganic phosphorus (31P) and hydroxyls (1H). The adsorption capacity of eco-HAp samples reached 476.19 mg/g within 20 min. The results of adsorption kinetics were characteristic of pseudo-second-order kinetics. Langmuir adsorption isotherms revealed that the Pb2+ adsorption capacity of ecoHAp was 277.77 mg/g, which can be attributed to a synergistic mechanism involving ion exchange, chemical precipitation, surface complexation, and dissolution/precipitation. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of eco-HAp as an adsorbent material with broad industrial applicability for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacists play a critical role in implementing and promoting public health policies, particularly during pandemics, thanks to their exceptional skills, knowledge, expertise, and accessibility to the public. This study aimed to increase the roll-out of COVID-19 vaccines in a coordinated manner to ensure equal accessibility to all Taiwanese residents. A total of 3301 health insurance special pharmacies, equivalent to 80% of all community pharmacies in Taiwan, are assisting the public in scheduling vaccines. Once pharmacists had ensured adequate vaccine availability, vaccinations were scheduled depending on the time of registration on the platform for vaccination appointments. The roll-out of this program saw a significant number of people register and receive the vaccine throughout the country, and the number of individuals who received both a first and second dose increased significantly. Community pharmacy-based distribution of the vaccine to the public signifies the novel and innovative involvement of pharmacists in government initiatives to promote public health. Our study shows that community pharmacies can potentially enhance the efficiency and equitable distribution of health supplies and resources, particularly during pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Dysmenorrhea is among the most common type of gynecological problem, affecting young women across the globe. This study assessed the comparative risk of stroke associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and non-NSAIDs in women with dysmenorrhea while taking into account the following factors such as age, history of pregnancy, NSAIDs uses and its duration of use, and selected comorbidities. Methodology: We used a quantitative research approach based on a comparative case-control study design. The study data was selected from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) 2000, of the Taiwan National Health Research Institutes. Among the estimated 23.4 million insured Taiwanese, who were covered by the Taiwan health insurance system, in the 2000 registry of beneficiaries, one million individuals were randomly selected from the database. A total of 24,955 females suffering from dysmenorrhea were selected for the study. Out of those 3238 (13%) participated in the study group and 21,717 (87%) were randomly distributed into the controls group. Women in the age range, 15–49 years, who did not have any history of stroke, hysterectomy, and/or ovariectomy, were included in the study. A comparative proportional distribution analysis was used for data analysis. Results: Age and use of NSAIDs and its duration of usage were factors associated with an increased incidence of stroke. The stroke incidence rate was 12.77 per 10,000 person-years, and 1.83-fold higher in NSAIDs use cohort than in comparisons with adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.47 (95% CI = 0.93–2.32). Among women with dysmenorrhea use of NSAIDs, the stroke incidence increased to 2.29-fold (aHR 95% CI = 1.36–3.84) in those use for ≧24 days per month and to 0.51-fold (aHR 95% CI = 0.13–2.10) in those use for 6–12 days per month. Conclusions: Women with dysmenorrhea who use NSAIDs have a higher risk of stroke. Especially young women, the risk of stroke is further increased, and the longer the medication, the higher the risk of stroke. Every woman with symptoms of dysmenorrhea deserves specialized outpatient treatment and care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate birth outcomes in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we used insurance data of Taiwan to evaluate 11 adverse neonatal outcomes of infants born to women with HDP (N = 7775) and with both HDP and GDM (HDP/GDM) (N = 1946), comparing to women with neither disorder (N = 19,442), matched by age. The impacts of preeclampsia/eclampsia were also evaluated. Results showed that Caesarean section delivery was near 1.7-fold greater in the HDP/GDM and HDP groups than in comparisons. The preterm delivery rates were more than threefold greater in HDP/GDM group and HDP group than in comparisons with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 4.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.34–5.40) and 3.92 (95% CI 3.65–4.21), respectively, followed by jaundice (aORs 2.95 (95% CI 2.63–3.33) and 1.90 (95% CI 1.76–2.06)), and small gestation age (SGA) (aORs 6.57 (95% CI 5.56–7.75) and 5.81 (95% CI 5.15–6.55)). Incidence rates of birth trauma, patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, respiratory distress syndrome, and neonatal hypoglycemia were also higher in the HDP/GDM and HDP groups than in the comparison group. Most adverse outcomes increased further in women with preeclampsia or eclampsia. In conclusion, women with HDP are at elevated risks of adverse neonatal outcomes. Risks of most adverse outcomes increase further for women with both HDP and GDM. Preeclampsia or eclampsia may also contribute to these outcomes to higher risk levels. Every pregnant woman with these conditions deserves specialized prenatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Extract the silicon and aluminum sources rich from stone sludge and CRT waste panel glass. • Surfactant (CTAB) is grafted on the mesoporous material to control the humidity. • Effectively synthesize low-cost and environmentally friendly mesoporous materials. There is a growing need for economical methods by which to reuse industrial waste. This paper reports on the recycling of industrial waste in the preparation of amine functionalized mesoporous molecular sieves (Al-MCM-41), for use as a building material applicable to the energy-free regulation of indoor humidity. The preparation of amine functionalized Al-MCM-41 for experiments involved combining stone sludge, cathode ray tube panel waste glass, an alkali agent (sodium hydroxide), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide with aminopropyltriethoxysilane in various proportions. The water vapor adsorption of amine functionalized Al-MCM-41 (42.85 g/m2) far exceeded of amine functionalized Al-MCM-41 without surface grafting (28.64 g/m2). Al-MCM-41 with 2.5 vol% amine functional groups achieved the highest 24-h water vapor adsorption performance in compliance with JIS A 1470 standards. This research provides an economical approach to the recovery and recycling of industrial waste that is rich in silicon and aluminum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pharmacists hold to their promise to foster, implement and promote the health of the population and to prevent disease, given their knowledge, skills, and proximity to the locals. The objective of this study was to foster equality and cost-effectiveness in the distribution and sale of masks to all Taiwanese citizens, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: All 6336 special community pharmacies participating in the NHI (National Health Insurance) served as mask-selling sites. Access to masks by citizens was determined and controlled, based on the weekly rationing of the number of purchasable masks per citizen and the last digit of their NHI card number. Masks were available on different weekdays for holders of cards ending with odd and even numbers, except on Sundays, when everyone was eligible to buy a mask. Results: Implementing the program has provided equal access to masks for all citizens across Taiwan. It has stabilized the pricing of masks and mitigated the public's anxiety of a perceived likely market shortage. Conclusion: The community pharmacy-based approach to the distribution of prevention face masks to citizens represents a new and innovative engagement of pharmacists in public health promotion and protection initiatives. Community pharmacies can greatly improve the efficiency, reliability, and cost-saving of the distribution of public health resources to local communities, especially in the face of an epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the use of sandblasting waste (SW) and solar panel waste glass (SPWG) as raw materials in the hydrothermal synthesis of Linde-type A zeolite (zeolite A) with crystallinity (83.89%) matching that of samples in the literature. ANOVA results indicated the following optimal synthesis parameters: crystallization temperature (120 °C), crystallization time (36 h), and Si/Al molar ratio (SAMR = 2.0). Model fitting results (R2 = 0.94) revealed a strong correlation between our regression results and experiment results, with the P value meeting the 95% confidence level. Experiment results confirmed the efficacy of the proposed hydrothermal processing method in synthesizing zeolite A using SPWG and waste SW as raw materials. [Display omitted] • Zeolite A (SZ) synthesized from solar panel waste glass and sandblasting waste. • Achieving the crystalline SZ with crystallinity of 83.89% at 120 °C and 36 h. • Model fitting results (R2 = 0.94) revealed a correlation between regression results and experiment results. • This study explains the crystallization mechanism of zeolite A synthesized from waste materials. • All major components of solar panel waste glass and sandblasting waste were utilized fully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gout is independently associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Urate-lowering therapy (ULT) might be beneficial in lowering the risks of T2DM. Therefore, we conducted a nested case-control study to evaluate the associations between ULT and T2DM. Methods: This study retrieved the data of 29,765 gout patients from the period of 1998–2010 by using data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Controls (n = 59,530) were matched at a 1:2 ratio by age, sex, and region. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression were performed to examine the dose-dependent relationship between ULT and T2DM. Results: The adjusted Hazard ratio (HR) for the association of T2DM with allopurinol or benzbromarone exposure was 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.28) and1.09 (95% CI 1.03–1.15), respectively. The HR for the cumulative allopurinol dose was 0.87 (95% CI 0.71–1.07) for patients with dose ≤1.3 mg/day and was 1.31 (95% CI 1.13–1.52) for those with a dose >15.2 mg/day. Similarly, the HR for the cumulative benzbromarone dose was 0.85(95% CI 0.75–0.96) for patients with a dose ≤1.3 mg/day and 1.42 (95% CI 1.30–1.55) for patients with a dose>9.4 mg/day, respectively. Moreover, the average exposure dose of >100 mg/day for allopurinol and >100 mg/day for benzbromarone was associated with a 1.28-fold (95% CI 1.11–1.48) and 1.47-fold (95% CI 1.23–1.76) T2DM risk respectively. The HR for patients in aged >50 years group with cumulative dose ≤1.3 mg/day of allopurinol or benzbromarone had lower risk of T2DM (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.58–0.94 for allopurinol; HR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.69–0.90 for benzbromarone). Conclusion: Gout patients with prolonged ULT and a high dose of ULT were associated with a significant increase in T2DM risk. Although gout patients with age greater than 50 years and a lower dose of ULT may be beneficial in lowering T2DM risk, further clinical studies need to be confirmed these associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid development brings environmental problems such as the discharge of industrial and agricultural wastewater. This study demonstrates the synthesis of eco–hydroxyapatite (eco–HAp) through the hydrothermal processing of marble sludge for the removal of Cu2+ from wastewater. FTIR analysis confirmed the existence of O–H and PO 4 3− groups in eco–HAp samples. TEM analysis revealed the importance of Ca/P ratio on the shape and size of particles. Solid–state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra revealed NMR 1H representing a single crystal site of (OH) and 31P representing the single crystal position of inorganic phosphorus (PO 4). Eco–HAp samples presented Type IV N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherms with H3 hysteresis loops, typical of HAp samples with a well–defined capillary step, which is indicative of mesoporous materials. Eco–HAp fabricated at a hydrothermal temperature of 120 °C and Ca/P molar ratio of 1 presented high adsorption capacity of 256.25 mg/g. The correlation between the eco–HAp and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was 0.96–0.99. Eco–HAp with a large surface area is thus an excellent adsorbent for the treatment of wastewater containing Cu2+. [Display omitted] • eco-HAp was prepared by a green route using marble sludge as calcium source. • eco-HAp exhibited excellent adsorption performance for Cu2+. • More than 99% heavy metal pollutants removal using HAp from marble sludge. • Cu2+ adsorption from eco-HAp system was dominated by ion exchange or chemical adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IL-17A, the effector cytokine of T helper (Th) 17 cells, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The Notch1 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways are implicated in Th17 cell differentiation and IL-17A production. The present study aimed to evaluate the regulatory effect of the Notch1/hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1)-PTEN/AKT/IL-17A feedback loop on Th17 cell differentiation via the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 in a mouse model of psoriasis. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group, a model group [5% imiquimod (IMQ)-induced group] and an intervention group (5% IMQ-induced plus LY294002-treated group). Skin structural characteristics were recorded and evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The weights of the spleens and inguinal lymph nodes were measured. Th17 cell percentage, as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch1, Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1), Hes1, PTEN, AKT, phosphorylated (p)-AKT, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), p-mTORC1, S6 kinase (S6K)1, S6K2 and IL-17A were detected in skin samples of the three experimental groups. Additionally, splenic mononuclear cells from model mice were treated by 10 and 50 µM LY294002 to further evaluate its regulatory effect on Notch1/Hes1-PTEN/AKT/IL-17A feedback loop. Increased Th17 cell percentage, increased expression of Notch1, NICD1, Hes1, AKT, p-AKT, mTORC1, p-mTORC1, S6K1, S6K2 and IL-17A, and decreased PTEN levels were observed in model mice alongside marked psoriasis-like skin inflammation, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. LY294002 treatment significantly alleviated the severity of psoriasis-like skin inflammation in the intervention mice, attenuated the degree of epidermal hyperplasia and dermal inflammatory cell infiltration, and mitigated splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. In addition, LY294002 treatment reversed the increased Th17 cell percentage, as well as the increased expression of Notch1, NICD1, Hes1, AKT, p-AKT, mTORC1, p-mTORC1, S6K1, S6K2 and IL-17A, and the decreased expression of PTEN. In vitro study from 5% IMQ-induced mouse splenic mononuclear cells presented that high dose of LY294002 exerted more obviously regulatory effect on Notch1/Hes1-PTEN/AKT/IL-17A feedback loop. The current findings suggested that the Notch1/Hes1-PTEN/AKT/IL-17A feedback loop regulates Th17 cell differentiation within the disease environment of psoriasis. Blocking the Notch1/Hes1-PTEN/AKT/IL-17A feedback loop may thus be a potential therapeutic method for management of psoriatic inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is common in human cancers, including cervical cancer. Many papers have shown that SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box (SOX) family genes serve as either tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) or oncogenes by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway in different cancers. We have demonstrated recently that epigenetic silencing of SOX1 gene occurs frequently in cervical cancer. However, the possible role of SOX1 in cervical cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether SOX1 functions as a TSG in cervical cancer. Methods: We established a constitutive and an inducible system that overexpressed SOX1 and monitored its function by in vitro experiments. To confirm SOX1 function, we manipulated SOX1 using an inducible expression approach in cell lines. The effect of SOX1 on tumorigenesis was also analyzed in animal models. Results: Overexpression of SOX1 inhibited cell proliferation, anchorage independency, and invasion in vitro. SOX1 suppressed tumor growth in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. After induction of SOX1 by doxycycline (DOX), SOX1 inhibited cell growth and invasion in the inducible system. Repression of SOX1 by withdrawal of DOX partially reversed the malignant phenotype in cervical cells. SOX1 inhibited TCF-dependent transcriptional activity and the Wnt target genes. SOX1 also repressed the invasive phenotype by regulating the expression of invasion-related genes. Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggest that SOX1 can function as a tumor suppressor partly by interfering with Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cervical cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study used silicon carbide sludge (SCS) to prepare lightweight foaming geopolymer materials (FGPs) by the direct foaming method. Results showed that when the SCS replacement level was 10%, the bulk density of the lightweight FGPs with added foaming agent amounts of 0.5% and 2.0% was 0.59 and 0.49 g/cm3, respectively; at a curing time of 28 days, the lightweight FGPs with amounts of added foaming agent of 0.5% and 2.0% had bulk densities that were 0.65 and 0.58 g/cm3, respectively. When the SCS replacement level was 10%, and the amount of added foaming agent was 2.0%, the porosity ratio of the lightweight FGP increased from 31.88% to 40.03%. The mechanical strength of the lightweight FGPs with SCS replacement levels of 10% and 20% was 0.88 and 0.31 MPa, respectively. Additionally, when the amount of foaming agent increased to 2.0%, the thermal conductivity of the lightweight FGPs with SCS replacement levels of 10% and 20% were 0.370 and 0.456 W/m⋅K, respectively. When the curing time was 1 day, and the amount of added foaming agent was 0.5%, the reverse-side temperature of the lightweight FGPs with SCS replacement levels of 10% and 20% were 286 and 311 °C, respectively. The k value of the O2 reaction decreased from 2.94 × 10−4 to 1.76 × 10−4 because the reaction system was affected by the presence of SiC sludge, which was caused the reaction to consume O2 to form CO2. The results have been proposed to explain that the manufactured lightweight FGPs had a low thermal conductivity (0.370–0.456 W/m⋅K). Therefore, recycling of silicon carbide sludge in lightweight foaming geopolymer materials has potential as fire resistance material for the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 16q is one of the most frequent genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our previous data showed that the smallest common deleted region was between D16S415 and D16S419, encompassed approximately by a 0.75cM region on 16q12.2, suggesting that the putative tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) at this locus might be involved in the development of HCC. Of the four genes (CHD9, RBL2, AKTIP and RPGRIP1L) located in this region, only RPGRIP1L was downregulated in HCCs. Downregulation of RPGRIP1L was found in 91% (10/11) HCC cell lines and in 35% (14/40) HCCs, respectively. To investigate the role of RPGRIP1L in HCCs, we used the overexpression of RPGRIP1L in four HCC cell lines (HepG2, Huh6, Huh7 and Hep3B). Overexpression of RPGRIP1L suppressed colony formation of tumour cells. Conversely, expression of RPGRIP1LM (dominant negative form) in HCC cells enhanced colony formation. Furthermore, knockdown RPGRIP1L by RNA interference in SK-HepI cells promoted colony formation. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that RPGRIP1L might be the putative TSG in HCC. Moreover, we showed that Mad2, Survivin and Securin were elevated in RPGRIP1LM-HepG2 transfectants and RPGRIP1L-shRNA-SK-HepI transfectants. After knockdown of MAD2 in RPGRIP1L-shRNA-SK-HepI transfectants partly reverse cellular colony formation capability. These data suggest that RPGRIP1L suppresses anchorage-independent growth partly through the mitotic checkpoint protein Mad2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Although many studies have explored emergency services for children, there are few published reports of the utilization of emergency services by children with disabilities. The present study attempts to provide data regarding the utilization of, and factors affecting, emergency department visits by disabled children in Taipei. A general census of 1006 children with disabilities, identified from the Taiwan National Disability Registry System in Taipei, was conducted. The overall response rate was 38%, yielding a sample of 340 disabled children. The results showed that 30.1% of children with disabilities had utilized emergency department services over the past 4 months with an average of 1.4 visits per child. The most common reasons for emergency visits were fever (34.7%), respiratory symptoms (24.2%), abdominal pain (15.8%), injury (7.4%), and epilepsy seizures (7.4%). This study also found, using a logistic regression model, that emergency department utilization may be associated with household economic status and the reported physical health of children with disabilities. The ‘deficit’ and ‘balance’ household economic status groups gave odds ratios of 3.902 (95% CI=1.469–10.364) and 3.311 (95% CI=1.249–8.779), relative to the ‘surplus’ group. The model also indicated that those children with disabilities who were reported as being in poor physical health had 11.359 times (95% CI=2.968–43.469) the likelihood of using emergency care than those whose physical health was in excellent condition. The study suggests that in order to maximize the health of children with disabilities, medical care stakeholders should consider who are the most likely groups to use emergency department services and develop anticipatory guidance or preventive services for this vulnerable population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The purposes of the present study are to provide the first data on utilization, understanding and satisfaction of the National Health Insurance (NHI) premium subsidy for families of children with disabilities in Taipei. Data from the 2001 Taipei Early Intervention Utilization and Evaluation Survey for Aged 0–6 Children with Disabilities were analyzed. In the study, a total of 1006 questionnaires were mailed, of which 340 valid questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 33.8%. More than one-third of families of children with disabilities did not receive any financial subsidy of National Health Insurance (NHI). Less than half of the respondents (43.8%) understood the NHI premium subsidy policy completely, while 28.7% partial understood and 27.5% still did not know this auxiliary policy. Approximately 38.5% of the respondents were specifically very satisfied or satisfied, with the NHI subsidy program. There were 18.9% respondents who felt dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the NHI scheme for children with disabilities in Taiwan. Chi-square or t-test analyses were significant for the caregiver''s age (p <0.05), children''s disability onset and disability diagnosed age and disability level (p <0.01) on receiving the subsidy assistance. A multiple stepwise logistic regression revealed that the factor of ‘onset age of disability’ was slightly significant associated with the use of NHI premium subsidy (OR=0.966; 95% CI=0.947–0.986). Health policies should aim to reduce the inequity in NHI premium subsidy utilization and improve their understanding and satisfaction toward this subsidy scheme. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• MCM-41 was prepared from liquid crystal display waste glass and chemical mechanical polishing sludge via hydrothermal treatment. • Effect of different temperatures and liquid–solid ratio on the microstructure humidity control performance of MCM-41 were studied. • The environmental humidity control and high performance of the materials were observed. • The effective synthesis of mesoporous materials from photovoltaic industry waste was developed. In this work, aluminum-containing MCM-41 mesoporous materials (ACMCM-41) were successfully prepared from liquid crystal display (LCD) waste glass and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) sludge by a novel route for the reused of industrial waste. It can be inferred from the increase in the surface area, the introduction of an appropriate amount of aluminum retained the ordered mesoporous structure of the ACMCM-41 during the hydrothermal treatment process. Larger pore volume and specific surface area, as well as a great deal of mesopores distributed in the range of 3–20 nm can greatly contribute to the improvement of humidity control performance. ACMCM-41 was tested for its average equilibrium moisture content under different relative humidity of the material under water vapor adsorption/desorption. ACMCM-41 showed excellent humidity control performance (61.18 m3/ m3). The possibility of synthesis zeolite from the residual solid after aged was also discussed. The residual solids can be reused as suitable raw material for the synthesis of zeolite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives. : Although initiated by human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical carcinogenesis demands other cofactors to shape its natural course. Epigenetic effects such as DNA methylation, are considered to contribute to carcinogenesis process. Methods. : The methylation status of BLU and RASSF1A, as well as the HPV infection status, were assessed in a full spectrum of cervical neoplasia, including 45 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 63 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 107 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 23 adenocarcinomas (AC), and 44 normal control tissues. Results. : The BLU was methylated in 76.9% of SCC, 57.4% of HSIL, 20.0% of LSIL and 12.5% of normal tissues (P <0.001). The RASSF1A was methylated in 15% of SCC, 17.5% of HSIL, but not in LSIL or normal tissues (P <0.001). In AC, 43.5% of patients showed BLU methylation and 26.1% RASSF1A methylation, significantly higher than the corresponding control frequencies of 12.5% (P =0.005) and 0% (P =0.001), respectively. There was an insignificant trend toward loss of BLU methylation with advancing clinical stages of SCC (84.8%, 67.7%, and 63.6% in stages I, II, and III/IV, respectively; P =0.08). Patients with LSIL infected with high-risk HPV showed a higher rate of BLU methylation than those without HPV (38.8% vs 9.1%, respectively; P =0.057). The methylation of RASSF1A was inversely related to HPV infection in patients with HSIL/SCC (P =0.003). Conclusions. : These results suggest that the methylation of BLU and RASSF1A genes is associated with cervical carcinogenesis, which could be clinically important in the future molecular screening of cervical neoplasia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study uses metakaolin, sodium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate, and water content as the reaction variables in the application of the design of experiment (DOE) method. At the same time, the various component factors and their interactions were analyzed to understand how these factors affect the mechanical properties of a metakaolin-based geopolymer incorporated with SiC sludge (SCSGPs). The results of the statistical analysis showed that the compressive strength of SCSGPs was affected by the Na/Si molar ratio (NSR) (p-level = 0.000 <0.05), the Na/Al molar ratio (NAR) (p-level= 0.000 <0.05), and the interaction between the dissolution rate of Si (DRA). Within the design scope of this study, the maximum compressive strength of SCSGPs and the coefficients of the NSR, the NAR, and the DRA of SCSGPs was evaluated. The multiple regression analysis and the tested coefficient of r2 were also studied. The multiple regression analysis models provide an effective reference for the application of SCSGPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, liquid crystal display waste glass (LCD wg) and chemical mechanical polishing sludge (CMP s) were investigated as alternative sources of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 for the preparation of the mesoporous moisture regulation material Al-MCM-41 (MRMCM). The aluminosilicate supernatant from the alkali fusion of LCD wg and CMP s and the surfactant cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were used as structure-directing agents. Synthesis was carried out by alkali fusion and hydrothermal methods, and the factor affecting the synthesis was the alkali fusion liquid-solid ratio. Reliable instruments and methods, including XRD, TEM, XRF, BET and BJH, were employed for characterization of the fabricated MRMCM. The results show that the pore size of these materials was between 3.0 and 4.5 nm, and with an increase in the liquid-solid ratio, the specific surface area of MRMCM increased to a maximum value of 1260 m2/g and exhibited a mesoporous structure. In addition, the hydrothermal temperature and the specific surface area also had a significant positive correlation as the temperature increased such that the surface area increased from 370 m2/g to 601 m2/g, which is a significant increase of 1.62 times. MRMCM exhibited a positive linear correlation between pore volume and specific surface area during 48 h of moisture absorption and desorption, and the amount of moisture absorbed by mesoporous MRMCM was determined. Thus, the mesoporous molecular sieves met Japan Industrial Standard JIS A 1470–1 2002, which regulates moisture regulation building materials (response to humidity variation > 29 g/m2). Therefore, the materials can be utilized in multiple applications, particularly as moisture regulation materials in building engineering. Image 1 • A new type of Al-MCM-41 mesoporous humidity control material is reported. • The influence of the liquid-solid ratio and hydrothermal temperature are discussed. • High adsorption/desorption capacity of water molecule were observed. • The mesoporous molecular sieves met Japan Industrial Standard JIS A 1470. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taiwan is a relatively small and densely populated island that has an area of 36,197 km2 with 650 people per km2. Overall, around 400 illegal land-use incidents happen per year. Take year 2015 for example, 654 illegal cases led to damages about 7,328,769 m2 of land area. Subsequently, it has been increasingly important to extract information from human activities containing environmental factors to assist land policy makers. Remote sensing, which provides spatiotemporal data source for monitoring purposes on local, regional, and global scales, is the most feasible way to conduct land use assessments and detect land cover changes. Data mining is a commonly used tool to explore implicit information from a massive amount of spatial and temporal data, which can capture the correlation between spatial-temporal data and behavioral elements in the complex human-environment interactions. The main objective of this study is to discover knowledge and reveal significant patterns in illegal land exploitation from multidimensional data sets. This study utilizes C5.0 package for decision trees in R that integrated data mining and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) tools to uncover patterns from relevant data using temporal satellite images, field investigations, spatial circumstances and socioeconomic indexes from 2003 to 2018. Through this case study in Taiwan, illegal land-use patterns enables enable the understanding of practical relationship between land plan, socio-economic and environmental interactions. Based on empirical land-use patterns are then further tested and modeling to land policy simulation so that an effective land management policy and land resource management could be adopted in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enzalutamide (ENZ) is an important drug used to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which inhibits androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Previous study showed that 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) is an AR antagonist that also inhibits Wnt signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To investigate whether combined treatment with ENZ and DIM can overcome ENZ resistance by regulating Wnt signaling to inhibit AR signaling and EMT in ENZ-resistant prostate cancer cells, 22Rv1 cells were cultured in normal medium and treated with ENZ, DIM, and DIM with ENZ. Exposure of ENZ-resistant cells to both DIM and ENZ significantly inhibited cell proliferation without cytotoxicity and invasion in comparison with the control. DIM significantly increased the E-cadherin expression and inhibited the expressions of Vimentin and Fibronectin, subsequently inhibiting EMT. Co-treatment with ENZ and DIM significantly increased the expressions of GSK3β and APC and decreased the β-catenin protein expression, causing inhibition of Wnt signaling and AR expression, it also significantly decreased the AR-v7 expression and down-regulated AR signaling. Via suppression of Wnt and AR signaling, co-treatment increased the E-cadherin and decreased the Vimentin and Fibronectin RNA and protein expressions, then inhibited EMT. Co-treatment with DIM and ENZ regulated Wnt signaling to reduce not only the AR expression, but also the AR-v7 expression, indicating suppression of EMT that inhibits cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration to ameliorate ENZ resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Lung cancer is the most common reason for cancer-related death, and patient survival is mainly dependent on tumor stage. The median overall survival of patients who are diagnosed with advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still less than 3 years. The poor survival rates highlight the unmet need to elucidate the mechanism underlying lung cancer carcinogenesis to improve treatment responses and overall survival. The expression and function of SOX1 in the progression of lung cancer are still unclear. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrated that SOX1 repressed anchorage-independent growth, invasion, and metastasis. Interestingly, SOX1 performed its function by repressing hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1). Recent studies have shown that HES1, which is a helix–loop–helix transcription factor, performs important functions in stemness, metastasis, and drug resistance in cancer. These results suggest that SOX1 is a tumor suppressor that affects the carcinogenesis of lung cancer. The development of lung cancer is a complex process that involves many genetic and epigenetic changes. Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box (SOX) genes encode a family of proteins that are involved in the regulation of embryonic development and cell fate determination. SOX1 is hypermethylated in human cancers. However, the role of SOX1 in the development of lung cancer is unclear. We used quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) analysis, and web tools to confirm the frequent epigenetic silencing of SOX1 in lung cancer. Stable overexpression of SOX1 repressed cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and invasion in vitro as well as cancer growth and metastasis in a xenograft mouse model. Knockdown of SOX1 by the withdrawal of doxycycline partly restored the malignant phenotype of inducible SOX1-expressing NSCLC cells. Next, we discovered the potential downstream pathways of SOX1 using RNA-seq analysis and identified HES1 as a direct target of SOX1 using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR. Furthermore, we performed phenotypic rescue experiments to prove that overexpression of HES1-FLAG in SOX1-expressing H1299 cells partly reversed the tumor-suppressive effect. Taken together, these data demonstrated that SOX1 acts as a tumor suppressor by directly inhibiting HES1 during the development of NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species with similar ecological characters often compete with each other; however, a species may also facilitate the survival or reproduction of another ecologically similar species, although such interaction is rarely documented in birds. Here, we reported a facilitative species interaction between Asian house martins (Delichon dasypus) and russet sparrows (Passer cinnamomeus), both passerines using closed nests, in a montane farming area of Taiwan. We found that Asian house martins constructed dome‐shaped nests in human houses that provided additional nest sites for russet sparrows, secondary cavity nesters with greatly declining populations in Taiwan. Russet sparrows that used house martin nests had reproductive success comparable to those that used artificial nest boxes. However, Asian house martins avoided reclaiming sparrow‐used nests, which reduced their available nest sites. Interestingly, our results imply that man‐made structures may be used as a conservation tool to improve the breeding of the endangered russet sparrows via this facilitative interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of infection between liver transplant patients with and without simultaneous splenectomy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 211 patients who underwent liver transplantation in the Tri-Service General Hospital from 2012 to 2017. The frequency of blood cultures obtained after liver transplantation; incidence of bacteremia, pathogens, and complications; and overall survival rates were compared between the groups. Results: One hundred thirty-three of 211 patients underwent liver transplantation without simultaneous splenectomy. There were no significant differences in the frequency of blood cultures obtained after liver transplantation (non-splenectomy group and splenectomy group: 63% and 62%, respectively); incidences of bacteremia after liver transplantation (21% and 21%, respectively), repeat bacteremia (39% and 35%, respectively), cytomegalovirus infection (4% and 3%, respectively), herpes infection (6% and 7%, respectively), and fungal infection (3% and 3%, respectively); and overall survival rate between the two groups. However, there was a significant difference in infection-related deaths between the groups. Simultaneous splenectomy and episodes of antibody-related rejection were significant risk factors associated with infection-related death in multivariate analyses. Conclusion: Although simultaneous splenectomy does not increase the incidence of infection, simultaneous splenectomy definitely carries risks of infection-related mortality in liver transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective.: Whereas human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is necessary but not sufficient for cervical carcinogenesis, host genetic variations may confer individual susceptibility. Resistance to apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer in which FAS/FAS ligand signaling plays an important role. The present study examines the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms in FAS and FAS ligand genes, alone or in combination, are associated with cervical carcinogenesis. Methods.: The genotypes of FAS −670A/G, FAS −1377G/A, and FASL −844C/T were assessed in 143 patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 175 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and in age-matched controls by real-time PCR with allele-specific TaqMan probes. The status of cervical high-risk HPV infection was determined and adjusted to test the independence of genotype in the risk assessment. Results.: The A-allele and AA-genotype frequencies of FASA −670G were significantly higher in HSIL/SCC than in controls (60% vs. 54%, P = 0.04, OR 1.26 [95% CI 1.01–1.57]; 38.0% vs. 28.6%, P = 0.02, OR 1.70 [95% CI 1.07–2.70]). No association between FAS −1377 or FASL −844 polymorphisms and HSIL/SCC could be identified. The FAS −1377A/−670A haplotype conferred a higher risk for HSIL/SCC (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.28–7.30) than FAS −670A alone (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.28–7.30). The interaction between FAS −670AA and FASL −844CC genotypes was associated with a risk of HSIL/SCC (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.06–4.29) higher than that of the FAS −670AA genotype alone (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.07–2.70). Conclusions.: The FAS −1377A/−670A haplotype in combination with FASL −844C is associated with cervical carcinogenesis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objectives: Whereas human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the major determinant of cervical carcinogenesis, host genetic factors may confer individual susceptibility and prognosis. Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) is an important modulator of carcinogenesis. A guanine insertion (2G) polymorphism at nucleotide −1607 of the MMP-1 gene promoter creates an Ets-1-binding site, which increases transcription activity. The present study investigates the association between MMP-1 polymorphism and cervical neoplasia, and their prognostic significance. Methods: In this study, the MMP-1 polymorphism was assessed in 135 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and 197 invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and in age-matched controls, by capillary electrophoresis. The association of clinicopathological factors and HPV status with MMP-1 genotypes was tested. Results: Frequencies of the 2G allele in HSIL and SCC were 64% and 65%, respectively, which did not differ significantly from control values (66% and 64%, respectively). The 2G allele was associated with advanced stages of disease (P = 0.03), whereas the G allele was more common in patients with regional lymph node metastases (P = 0.02). The survival time in patients with the heterozygous genotype G/2G (median, 55.3 months) was significantly longer than those with either the G/G (50.3 months) or 2G/2G genotype (43.9 months) (P = 0.02). No significant correlation between HPV status and MMP-1 genotype was identified. Conclusions: The genetic polymorphisms of MMP-1 are not associated with the risk of HSIL and SCC, but with the invasiveness and prognosis of SCC. The heterozygous genotype of MMP-1 can be used as a prognostic marker in patients with invasive cervical cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Dysmenorrhea and stroke are health problems affecting women worldwide in their day-to-day lives; however, there is limited knowledge of the stroke risk in women with dysmenorrhea, and there have been no studies assessing the specific distribution of stroke subtypes. This case-control study assessed stroke subtypes by age and the role of comorbidities in women with dysmenorrhea. Methods and findings: Data obtained between 1997 and 2013 from Taiwan's health insurance database identified 514 stroke cases and 31,201 non-stroke controls in women with dysmenorrhea aged 15–49 years. Proportional distributions of subtypes and odds ratios (ORs) of stroke associated with comorbidities by age and subtype were measured. We found that the stroke risk in dysmenorrheal patients increased with age, and that hypertension was nine-fold more prevalent in the stroke cases than in the controls and was associated with an adjusted OR of 4.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.46–5.92) for all stroke cases. Moreover, the proportion of hemorrhagic stroke was greater than that of ischemic stroke in younger dysmenorrheal patients between 15–24 years old (50.5% vs. 11.4%), whereas this was reversed in those aged 30–49 years old (16.1% vs. 21.0%). Overall, 25.3% of the stroke cases consisted of transient cerebral ischemia and 31.3% were other acute but ill-defined cerebrovascular diseases, in which the prevalence increased with age for both types of strokes. Hypertension was the comorbidity with the highest OR associated with each subtype stroke; diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arrhythmia, and thyroid disease were also comorbidities that were significantly associated with ill-defined cerebrovascular diseases. Conclusions: The stroke type varies by age in dysmenorrheal patients, and hypertension is the most important comorbidity associated with all types of stroke; therefore, more attention for stroke prevention must be paid to women with dysmenorrhea, particularly when combined with comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Forward osmosis membranes based on ultrathin graphene oxide (GO) were fabricated. Suitable crosslinking agents were used to tune the interlayer spacing of GO sheets to achieve the desired membrane performance. The physicochemical properties of membranes were evaluated using different techniques. The interlayer spacing of GO-based membranes was controlled the interaction between the surface functionality of GO with the nature of crosslinking agents, such as polyvinyl alcohol, meta-phenylenediamine (MPD) and 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl chloride (TMC). The covalent bonds between the layer and crosslinking agents effectively suppressed the d-spacing stretching. Unlike other symmetric structures of membranes, the GO-MPD/TMC behaviour observed in the ultrathin polyamide (36 nm) asymmetric structure for the performance of pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) mode showed the highest flux of 20.8 LMH and low reverse salt flux of 3.4 gMH. A consistent water flux for a long-term PRO operation was achieved using GO-MPD/TMC membrane (∼98.7%). Therefore, the GO-MPD/TMC membrane can be used to suppress internal concentration polarisation. Graphical abstract The GO-MPD/TMC behaviour observed in the ultrathin polyamide (36 nm) asymmetric structure showed the highest flux of 20.8 LMH and low reverse salt flux of 3.4 gMH. A consistent water flux for a long-term operation was achieved using GO-MPD/TMC membrane (∼98.7%). Therefore, the ultrathin graphene oxide framework membrane may be used to suppress internal concentration polarisation. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use is changing at accelerated rates in Taiwan, and illegal land use change practices (ILP) are regularly observed within conservation areas. For this reason, we map high-potential areas of ILP within the Soil and water conservation zone (SWCZ) as an aid for effective land management and conducted an exploratory analysis of explanatory variables to evaluate their variability within ILP hot spots. We used variables relevant to hot spots to develop a logistic regression model and identified seven statistically significant variables. We re-applied the logistic regression approach to produce spatially explicit predictions of ILP. High probability areas are distributed along the coastal regions, covering 26% of the SWCZ, and their major drivers are related to accessibility and topography. The results from this research provide relevant information on the major drivers of ILP and high-potential areas, which can support officials in monitoring efforts for better planning and governance within the SWCZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main problem in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is metastasis. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known as the critical signaling in tumor progression, metastasis, and also the drug resistance. In this study, we reported a novel gene Polymerase delta-interacting protein 2 (POLDIP2) was downregulated in NSCLC tissues and first demonstrated that overexpression of POLDIP2 increased the anchorage-independent growth (AIG) and invasiveness of H1299 cells. In addition, we examined that knockdown of POLDIP2 in H1299 and A549 cells reduced tumorigenicity and metastatic capacity in vitro and also in vivo. Moreover, downregulation of the cell proliferation marker cyclin D1 and EMT markers CDH2, Slug , and Twist was showed in H1299 cells by POLDIP2 knockdown, suggesting that the inhibition of malignancy was affected by modulating key genes for tumor growth and invasiveness. Taken together, our study is the first study that demonstrated that POLDIP2 gene was function as an oncogene in NSCLC and implied the oncogenic ability might be through promoting cell proliferation or EMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochanin A is a major isoflavone in red clover and a potent chemopreventive agent against cancer. However, the effects of biochanin A on human osteosarcoma cells have never been clarified. This study investigated the anti-proliferative potential of biochanin A in osteosarcoma cells. The results indicate that biochanin A inhibited cell growth and colony formation in a dose-dependent manner with a minimal toxicity to normal cells. The combination of doxorubicin and biochanin A could synergistically inhibit osteosarcoma cell growth. The cytotoxic effect of biochanin A via the induction of apoptosis as evidenced by formation of apoptotic bodies, externalization of phosphatidylserine, accumulation of sub-G 1 phase cells, caspase 3 activation, and cleavage of PARP. Apoptosis was associated with loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c , caspase 9 activation, increased Bax expression, and reduced Bcl-2 and Bcl-X L expression. Pre-treatment with a caspase-9 specific inhibitor (Z-LEHD-FMK) partially attenuated cell death, suggesting involvement of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic cascade. However, pre-treatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125, the MEK inhibitor PD-98059, and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or the antioxidants vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine, and glutathione failed to prevent biochanin A-induced cell death. Our results suggest that biochanin A inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells by triggering activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and caspase-9 and -3 and increasing the Bax: Bcl-2/Bcl-X L ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aberrant DNA methylation is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), suggesting that gene methylation could be a potential biomarker for detection of HCC. The aim of this study is to identify potential biomarkers in HCC. Methods: We used the Infinium methylation array and a DNA-pooling strategy to analyze the genome-wide methylation profile in HCC. Quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP) was used to validate homeobox A9 ( HOXA9) methylation in 29 normal controls, 100 HCC samples and adjacent non-tumor tissues and in 74 plasma samples, including 40 patients with HCC. Results: Ten genes ( HOXA9, NEUROG1, TNFRSF10C, IRAK3, GFPT2, ZNF177, DPYSL4, ELOVL4, FSD1, and CACNA1G) showed differences in methylation between controls and HCCs. Of these, HOXA9 was significantly hypermethylated in HCCs (76.7%; 23/30) compared with controls (3.4%; 1/29). In addition, combination analysis of two- and three-gene sets for HCC detection showed greater sensitivity (90%-96.7%) and comparable specificity (93.1%-96.6%) to each individual gene (33.3%-76.7% and 55.2%-100.0%). HOXA9 methylation was further validated by Q-MSP in two independent set of clinical samples including 100 HCC and paired non-tumor tissues. Further, HOXA9 methylation could be detected in plasma from HCC patients (n=40) but not in normal plasma (n=34) (p<0.0005). Combined testing (either parameter positive) for α-fetoprotein (AFP, a plasma protein biomarker) and HOXA9 methylation showed greater sensitivity (94.6%) for detection of HCC than AFP alone (75.7%). Conclusions: These data suggest that methylation of HOXA9 could be a helpful biomarker to assist in HCC detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We have reported previously that LIM homeobox transcription factor 1α (LMX1A) is hypermethylated and functions as a metastasis suppressor in cervical cancer cells. However, the regulation of LMX1A in carcinogenesis has not been reported. We aim to clarify whether specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) are involved in the regulation of LMX1A in cervical cancer. First we characterized the LMX1A promoter and used overexpression, knockdown, and reporter assays to show that Sp1 increased LMX1A promoter activity. Next, we used site-directed mutagenesis and electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSAs) to demonstrate that Sp1-binding sites were important for Sp1-mediated activation of the LMX1A promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation data demonstrated that Sp1 could bind directly to the LMX1A promoter and activate endogenous LMX1A expression in cells pretreated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). Knockdown of EZH2 decreased H3K27me3 histone modification but was insufficient to restore LMX1A expression. To explore the effect of EZH2 on the endogenous LMX1A promoter, we treated EZH2-knockdown cells with 5-aza-dC and trichostatin A (TSA) and then depleted the cells of drugs for 3days. H3K14ac was enriched at the LMX1A promoter in EZH2-knockdown cells and LMX1A mRNA was still expressed. Taken together, these data imply that Sp1 may activate LMX1A expression upon oncogenic stress during cervical cancer development. Moreover, suppression of EZH2 may delay resilencing of LMX1A after the removal of 5-aza-dC and TSA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), systemic T cell activation, and macrophage infiltration in the kidney are implicated in the acceleration and progression of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most frequent type of primary glomerulonephritis. However, the pathogenic mechanism of IgAN is still little understood, and it remains a challenge to establish a specific therapeutic strategy for this type of glomerular disorder. Recently, we showed that antroquinonol (Antroq), a pure active compound from Antrodia camphorata mycelium, inhibits renal inflammation and reduces oxidative stress in a mouse model of renal fibrosis. But the anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory effects of Antroq on the acceleration and progression of primary glomerular disorders have not been determined. In this study, we show that Antroq administration substantially impeded the development of severe renal lesions, such as intense glomerular proliferation, crescents, sclerosis, and periglomerular interstitial inflammation, in mice with induced accelerated and progressive IgAN (AcP-IgAN). Further mechanistic analysis in AcP-IgAN mice showed that, early in the developmental stage of the AcP-IgAN model, Antroq promoted the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and inhibited the activation of T cells and NLRP3 inflammasome. Significantly improved proteinuria/renal function and histopathology in AcP-IgAN mice of an established stage supported potential therapeutic effects of Antroq on the disease. In addition, Antroq was shown to inhibit activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro by an IgA immune complex (IC) partly involving a reduced ROS production in IgA-IC-primed macrophages, and this finding may be helpful in the understanding of the mode of action of Antroq in the treated AcP-IgAN mice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background and Aim Except for genetic mutations, epigenetic changes are also involved in the development of human cancers. Recently, we have identified SOX1, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 1, is hypermethylated in cervical cancer and ovarian cancer. Therefore, we investigated whether promoter hypermethylation of SOX1 is common in hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC). Methods We used methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction ( MS- PCR) and bisulfite sequencing to analyze the methyaltion level of the SOX1 promoter in seven HCC cell lines, 54 clinical HCCs, 42 cirrhotic livers, 21 livers with chronic hepatitis, and 15 control livers. Then, we employed quantitative MS- PCR ( QMSP) to validate in an independent set of samples (60 paired HCCs and 30 control livers). Finally, we used luciferase reporter and colony formation assay to check the effect of SOX1 in HCC. Results Promoter methylation of SOX1 was significantly frequent in HCC cell lines and clinical HCCs, cirrhotic livers, but not in control livers ( P < 0.0001). There is a significant correlation between downregulation of SOX1 expression and promoter methylation. QMSP results confirmed that promoter hypermethylation of SOX1 is significantly more frequent in HCCs than control livers ( P < 0.0001). The frequency of SOX1 methylation in patients with secreted frizzled-related proteins ( SFRPs) methylation is significantly higher than in patients without SFRPs methylation ( P < 0.0001). Furthermore, ectopic expression of SOX1 could suppress T-cell factor-dependent transcriptional activity and colony formation number in HCCs. Conclusions Concomitant epigenetic silencing of SOX1 and SFRPs through promoter hypermethylation is frequent in HCCs, and this might contribute to abnormal activation of canonical Wnt signal pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most prostatic midline cysts, i.e., Müllerian duct cysts or prostatic utricular cysts, probably result from incomplete regression of the Müllerian duct remnant. Congenital cysts may be associated with other urogenital anomalies. Related symptoms include bladder outlet obstruction, hemospermia, ejaculatory-fertility impairment, and recurrent epididymitis. We report an adolescent male who presented with difficulty urinating that lasted for 2 months. After a complete survey with a urodynamic study, ultrasonography, urethrography, urethrocystoscopy, and computed tomography, a prostatic midline cyst with bladder outlet obstruction was identified. Using transurethral cyst unroofing, urination conditions improved according to the International Prostate Symptom Score and a uroflow study. Although there are various surgical interventions for a prostatic midline cyst near the urethra, endoscopic procedures are a safe and elegant alternative compared with other procedures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effect of the length of alkane spacer in diphosphines on the nuclearity of Ag(I) complexes containing dialkyl dithiophosphates (dtp) ligands has been investigated. 1,1-Bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) yielded tetranuclear [Ag4(dppm)2{S2P(OEt)2}4] (1), [Ag4(dppm)2{S2P(O i Pr)2}4] (3), trinuclear [Ag3(dppm)3{S2P(OEt)2}2](PF6) (2), and a dinuclear [Ag2(dppm)2{S2P(O i Pr)}](PF6) (4). The increase in spacer length from one methylene in dppm to two in 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) resulted in the formation of polymeric, [Ag(dppe){S2P(OR)2}] ∞ (R=Et, 5a and 5a′; i Pr, 5b), and [Ag4(μ3-Cl)(dppe)1.5{S2P(OR)2}3] ∞ (R=Et, 6a; i Pr, 6b). Compounds 5a, 5b, 6a and 6b were reported earlier [C.W. Liu, B.-J. Liaw, L.-S. Liou, J.-C. Wang, Chem. Commun. (2005) 1983]. Further increase in the chain length to four methylene units in 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb) yielded dppb-bridged polymers, [Ag(dppb){S2P(OEt)2}] ∞ (7) and [Ag2(dppb){S2P(OEt)2}2] ∞ (8). In all the polynuclear compounds, diphosphines acted as P,P′-bridging ligands, while the dtp ligands (S,S′-donors) adopted varieties of coordination patterns: S,S′-chelating (5, 7), S,S′-bridging (4), bimetallic-triconnective, μ2:η2,η1 (1, 3, 8), bimetallic-diconnective, μ2:η2 (2, 3) and trimetallic-triconnective, μ3:η2,η1 (6). Some of the complexes exhibit argentophilicity with Ag⋯Ag distances in the range, 2.918–3.360Å. Concomitant bridging of two silver atoms either by dppm and dtp ligands (1, 3 and 4) or two dtp ligands (8) lead to close silver-silver contacts. The diphosphines (dppe and dppb) with longer spacer appeared to favor 1D or 2D polymers due to the flexibility of the spacer within the diphosphine unit by adopting anti conformation as opposed to syn conformation of the dppm linker is revealed in complexes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objectives: Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is common in human cancers, including cervical cancer. The secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) function as Wnt antagonists and play important implications in carcinogenesis. Recently, we have shown that SFRP1 and SFRP2 are frequently downregulated through promoter hypermethylation. However, the function of SFRP1 and SFRP2 in cervical cancer remains unclear. Methods: To improve our understanding of the role of SFRP1 and SFRP2 in cervical cancer cells, we use overexpression or shRNA approach in cervical cancer cell lines. Results: Restoration of the expression of SFRP1 and SFRP2 attenuated Wnt signaling in CaSki cells, decreased abnormal accumulation of free β-catenin in the nucleus, and suppressed cancer cell growth. In addition, different statuses of β-catenin accumulation in the cytoplasm of CaSki or HeLa3rd cells were observed, suggesting that different Wnt pathways are executed. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SFRP1 and SFRP2 enhance the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, through inhibition of the expression of SLUG, TWIST and SNAIL, three transcription factors involved in the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Finally, in a xenograft animal model, we showed that SFRP1 suppresses tumorigenicity of cancer cells in vivo. Conclusions: Taken together, these data strongly suggest that epigenetic silencing of SFRP genes leads to oncogenic activation of the Wnt pathway and contributes to cervical cancer progression through the EMT program. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background In encouraging good health for people with intellectual disabilities, health promotion serves as an effective intervention. However, little is known about health promotion strategies for this sector of the population. The objectives of this study were to describe the current profile of health promotion planning among institutions caring for people with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan, and to examine differences among institutions. Method The study employed a cross-sectional survey of 157 directors of institutions caring for people with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was posted to obtain information relating to the planning, budget appropriations, and decision-making processes concerning health promotion at these institutions. Results A total of 120 directors of institutions completed the posted questionnaire. Health promotion plans were operative at 88.4% of the institutions. Among these institutions, 82 settings (76.6%) set aside funding on an annual basis for health promotion programmes for people with intellectual disabilities. With regard to budget spending, most of the respondents did not know exactly what percentage of the annual budget was spent on the health promotion programmes operating in their institutions. The process of health promotion implementation was multidisciplinary and intersectoral in terms of the staff involved. Those institutions that employed skilled nurses were more likely to run health promotion programmes than those institutions without nursing staff. Conclusions Further research should be focused on the efficacy of health promotion programmes for people with intellectual disabilities, and on the creation of supportive environments in institutions for enabling these people to participate in the process of decision-making on health promotion issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective.: This study was to correlate high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) viral load to p16INK4A (p16) expression in atypical glandular cell (AGC)-categorized Pap smears with follow-up biopsies for elucidating their relationships. Methods.: We enrolled 36 AGC-categorized Pap smears with subsequent follow-up biopsies. HR-HPV viral load was determined by Hybrid Capture II assay in each AGC-diagnosed Pap smear. Both smears and biopsies were immunostained with a primary anti-p16 antibody, clone E6H4. Correlations between HR-HPV viral load in each AGC-diagnosed Pap smear and p16 expression of smears with follow-up biopsies were performed. Results.: Comparative analysis of two tests disclosed both consistencies and discrepancies. There were significant differences (P = 0.02) between negative or weak p16 expression of Pap smears with the presence of reactive lesion or LSILs/CIN1s in follow-up biopsies and negative HR-HPV viral load. However, no significant difference (P = 0.317) was found between p16 expression of Pap smears with the presence of HSIL/CIN2, 3 and AIS or adenocarcinoma in follow-up biopsies and high HR-HPV viral load. In addition, there were significant differences (P = 0.012) in specificity, but no significant differences were found in sensitivity (P = 0.604), positive and negative predictive value (P = 0.066 and 0.264) between p16 immunoexpression and HR-HPV viral load. Conclusions.: Pathogenic activity of HR-HPV was indicated by p16 expression on smears and tissue sections, which appears to be a better strategy than HR-HPV viral load test for the detection of clinically insignificant lesions from AGC-categorized Pap smears. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Epigenetic modification is considered a major mechanism of the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes that finally contributes to carcinogenesis. LIM homeobox transcription factor 1α (LMX1A) is one of the LIM-homeobox-containing genes that is a critical regulator of growth and differentiation. Recently, LMX1A was shown to be hypermethylated and functioned as a tumor suppressor in cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and gastric cancer. However, its role in lung cancer has not yet been clarified. In this study, we used public databases, methylation-specific PCR (MSP), reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and bisulfite genomic sequencing to show that LMX1A was downregulated or silenced due to promoter hypermethylation in lung cancers. Treatment of lung cancer cells with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored LMX1A expression. In the lung cancer cell lines H23 and H1299, overexpression of LMX1A did not affect cell proliferation but suppressed colony formation and invasion. These suppressive effects were reversed after inhibition of LMX1A expression in an inducible expression system in H23 cells. The quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) data showed that LMX1A could modulate epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) through E-cadherin (CDH1) and fibronectin (FN1). NanoString gene expression analysis revealed that all aberrantly expressed genes were associated with processes related to cancer progression, including angiogenesis, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, EMT, cancer metastasis, and hypoxia-related gene expression. Taken together, these data demonstrated that LMX1A is inactivated through promoter hypermethylation and functions as a tumor suppressor. Furthermore, LMX1A inhibits non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell invasion partly through modulation of EMT, angiogenesis, and ECM remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating evidence suggests that NKX6.1 (NK homeobox 1) plays a role in various types of cancer. In our previous studies, we identified NKX6.1 hypermethylation as a promising marker and demonstrated that the NKX6.1 gene functions as a metastasis suppressor through the epigenetic regulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cervical cancer. More recently, we have demonstrated that NKX6.1 methylation is related to the chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the biological function of NKX6.1 in the tumorigenesis of CRC remains unclear. In this study, we showed that NKX6.1 suppresses tumorigenic and metastatic ability both in vitro and in vivo. NKX6.1 represses cell invasion partly through the modulation of EMT. The overexpression of NKX6.1 enhances chemosensitivity in CRC cells. To further explore how NKX6.1 exerts its tumor-suppressive function, we used RNA sequencing technology for comprehensive analysis. The results showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly related to cell migration, response to drug, transcription factor activity, and growth factor activity, suggesting that these DEGs are involved in the function of NKX6.1 suppressing cancer invasion and metastasis. Our results demonstrated that NKX6.1 functions as a tumor suppressor partly by repressing EMT and enhancing chemosensitivity in CRC, making it a potential therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are considerable resource reuse and environmental concerns regarding SiC sludge (SiCS) that results from cutting silicon ingots into wafers. In the current study, the effect of the Na2SiO3 solution/sodium hydroxide solution (NS/SS) mass ratio and SiCS amount on metakaolin geopolymers was found during geopolymerization system performance. The results indicate that while NS/SS ratio was relatively low, increasing the NaOH content resulted in a sufficient amount of OH− in the system to increase the solubility and hinder polycondensation, as indicated by the bulk density and setting-time results; since the polycondensation was inhibited, the mechanical strength was reduced. This study demonstrated that a geopolymer can be formed from a substitution of 10% SiCS and with an NS/SS ratio of 1.6, and that this geopolymer is a feasible material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cisplatin is still the primary therapeutic choice for advanced lung cancers without driver mutations. The occurrence of cisplatin resistance is a major clinical problem in lung cancer treatment. The natural extracted agent emetine reportedly has anticancer effects. This study aimed to explore the possible role of emetine in cisplatin resistance. We used cell viability, Western blot, and Wnt reporter assays to show that emetine suppresses proliferation, β-catenin expression, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The synergism of emetine and cisplatin was assessed by constructing isobolograms and calculating combination index (CI) values using the Chou-Talalay method. Emetine effectively synergized with cisplatin to suppress the proliferation of cancer cells. Furthermore, nuclear β-catenin and cancer stem cell-related markers were upregulated in the cisplatin-resistant subpopulation of CL1-0 cells. Emetine enhanced the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin and synergized with cisplatin in the cisplatin-resistant subpopulation of CL1-0 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that emetine could suppress the growth of NSCLC cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and contribute to a synergistic effect in combination with cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Discrepancies in clinical outcomes are observed even among patients with same-stage CRC due to molecular heterogeneity. Thus, biomarkers for predicting prognosis in CRC patients are urgently needed. We previously demonstrated that stage II CRC patients with NKX6.1 methylation had poor 5-year overall survival. However, the methylation frequency of NKX6.1 was only 23% in 151 pairs of CRC tissues. Thus, we aimed to develop a more robust prognostic panel for CRC using NKX6.1 in combination with three genes: LIM homeobox transcription factor 1α (LMX1A), sex-determining region Y-box 1 (SOX1), and zinc finger protein 177 (ZNF177). Through quantitative methylation analysis, we found that LMX1A, SOX1, and ZNF177 were hypermethylated in CRC tissues. LMX1A methylation was significantly associated with poor 5-year overall, and disease-free survivals in stage I and II CRC patients. Sensitivity and specificity analyses of the four-gene combination revealed the best sensitivity and optimal specificity. Moreover, patients with the four-gene methylation profile exhibited poorer disease-free survival than those without methylation. A significant effect of the four-gene methylation status on overall survival and disease-free survival was observed in early stage I and II CRC patients (p = 0.0016 and p = 0.0230, respectively). Taken together, these results demonstrate that the combination of the methylation statuses of NKX6.1, LMX1A, SOX1, and ZNF177 creates a novel prognostic panel that could be considered a molecular marker for outcomes in CRC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel drugs targeting Wnt signaling are gradually being developed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. In this study, we used a Wnt-responsive Super-TOPflash (STF) luciferase reporter assay to screen a new compound targeting Wnt signaling. 3-(5′-Hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1) was identified as a small molecule inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) data showed that YC-1 did not affect the β-catenin/TCF interaction. Then, by mass spectrometry, we identified the ErbB3 receptor-binding protein 1 (EBP1) interaction with the β-catenin/TCF complex upon YC-1 treatment. EBP1 encodes two splice isoforms, p42 and p48. We further demonstrated that YC-1 enhances p42 isoform binding to the β-catenin/TCF complex and reduces the transcriptional activity of the complex. The suppression of colony formation by YC-1 was significantly reversed after knockdown of both isoforms (p48 and p42); however, the inhibition of colony formation was maintained when only EBP1 p48 was silenced. Taken together, these results suggest that YC-1 treatment results in a reduction in Wnt-regulated transcription through EBP1 p42 and leads to the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. These data imply that YC-1 is a drug that antagonizes Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]