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Abstract Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common environmental pollutant, and its specific mechanisms in cancer development and its impact on the tumor immune microenvironment are not yet fully understood. Methods Transcriptome data from osteosarcoma (OS) patients were downloaded from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database. BPA-related genes were identified through the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), yielding 177 genes. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the GSE162454 dataset from the Tumor Immune Single Cell Hub 2 (TISCH2). We constructed the prognostic model using univariate Cox regression and LASSO analysis. The model was validated using the GSE16091 dataset. GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses were performed to investigate the mechanisms of BPA-related genes. Results A total of 15 BPA-related genes were identified as differentially expressed in OS. Univariate Cox regression and LASSO analysis identified four key prognostic genes (FOLR1, MYC, ESRRA, VEGFA). The prognostic model exhibited strong predictive performance with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.89, 0.6, and 0.79 for predicting 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival, respectively. External validation using the GSE16091 dataset confirmed the model's high accuracy with AUC values exceeding 0.88. Our results indicated that the prognosis of the high-risk population is generally poorer, which may be associated with alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment. In the high-risk group, immune cells showed predominantly low expression levels, while immune checkpoint genes were significantly overexpressed, along with markedly elevated tumor purity. These findings revealed a correlation between upregulation of BPA-related genes and formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, leading to unfavorable patient outcomes. Conclusion Our study highlighted the significant association of BPA with OS biology, particularly in its potential role in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. We offered a fresh insight into the influence of BPA on cancer development, thus providing valuable insights for future clinical interventions and treatment strategies.

As cancer incidence and mortality rates rise, there is an urgent need to develop effective immunotherapy strategies. Circular RNA (circRNA), a newly identified type of non-coding RNA, is abundant within cells and can be released via exosomes, facilitating communication between cells. Studies have demonstrated that exosomal circRNAs can alter the tumor microenvironment and modulate immune responses by influencing the functions of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages, thereby enabling tumors to evade the immune system. Moreover, exosomal circRNAs show potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. This review summarizes the regulatory roles of exosomal circRNAs in immune cells and their potential applications in cancer progression and treatment, highlighting their promise in improving cancer immunotherapy. Future research should concentrate on understanding the mechanisms of key exosomal circRNAs and developing targeted immunotherapy methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Agricultural and forestry enterprises are the backbone forces of connecting farmers, promoting agricultural modernization, revitalization of rural industries and common prosperity. It is an institutional arrangement of corporate governance with Chinese characteristics to establish the grass-roots organization of CPC in enterprises and promote them to participate in corporate governance. although some literature has discussed the microeconomic effects of party organizations' participation in corporate governance, few literature has studied the microeconomic effects of party organization embedding and its participation in corporate governance on the agricultural and forestry enterprises, nor have they responded to the actual effects of party organization embedding on the development resilience of enterprises. (2) Methods--Based on China Stock Market & Accounting Research database ( CSMAR), WIND database and the personal characteristics database of the "board of directors, board of supervisors and senior executives", 1442 annual observations values of 167 listed agricultural and forestry companies were sorted out through the data collection and supplement of the listed companies' home pages, annual reports and Sina Finance. The development resilience was selected as the explained variable, party organization embedding as the explanatory variable, and 14 indicators such as subsidy income and operation capability as the control variables. The OLS method was used to evaluate the effects of party organization embedding on the development resilience of the listed agricultural and forestry companies from 2003 to 2022, and the propensity score matching method was introduced for the robustness test. (3) Results--First, from 2003 to 2010, the proportion of the listed agricultural and forestry companies with party organizations in the total sample fluctuated between 76% and 84%, and after reaching a peak of 83. 02% in 2010, it showed a significant trend of decline in fluctuations. Second, the development resilience of the listed agricultural and forestry companies had obvious fluctuation characteristics. Third, the establishment of party organizations in the listed agricultural and forestry companies could significantly improve their development resilience, and it could last for at least 1 years. The robustness was confirmed by three robustness tests of changing the explained variable, controlling the fixed effects of companies and using the propensity score matching method. Fourth, compared with the companies whose party organizations did not participate in the governance of the board of directors/supervisors, the development resilience of the companies whose party organizations participated in the governance of the board of directors/supervisors was stronger. Fifth, the establishment of party organizations had a significant positive effect on the development resilience of the non-state-owned companies, companies in central and western regions and the listed forestry companies, but had no significant effects on the state-owned companies, companies in eastern regions. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--This paper enriches the theoretical results of party organization construction and its participation in corporate governance to enable the agricultural and forestry enterprises to develop their resilience and also provides a practical basis for the policy optimization of party organizations. First, encouraging and supporting qualified agricultural and forestry enterprises to establish party organizations, guiding agricultural and forestry enterprises with party organizations to establish and improving relevant systems for party organizations to participate in corporate governance. So that the qualified members of the party organizations can enter the board of directors, the board of supervisors and the senior executives according to the statutory process. Second, unswervingly promoting the party building work of private enterprises, further expanding the coverage of grass-roots party organizations in private enterprises, and improving relevant regulations and systems for party organizations to participate in corporate governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]