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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common comorbidity among Parkinsons disease (PD) patients. Yet, little is known about dysregulated pathways that are unique in PD patients with T2DM. We applied high-resolution metabolomic profiling in serum samples of 636 PD and 253 non-PD participants recruited from Central California. We conducted an initial discovery metabolome-wide association and pathway enrichment analysis. After adjusting for multiple testing, in positive (or negative) ion mode, 30 (25) metabolic features were associated with T2DM in both PD and non-PD participants, 162 (108) only in PD participants, and 32 (7) only in non-PD participants. Pathway enrichment analysis identified 17 enriched pathways associated with T2DM in both the PD and non-PD participants, 26 pathways only in PD participants, and 5 pathways only in non-PD participants. Several amino acid, nucleic acids, and fatty acid metabolisms were associated with T2DM only in the PD patient group suggesting a possible link between PD and T2DM.

Surface structures that are different from the corresponding bulk, reconstructions, are exceedingly difficult to characterize with most experimental methods. Scanning tunneling microscopy, the workhorse for imaging complex surface structures of metals and semiconductors, is not as effective for oxides and other insulating materials. This paper details the use of transmission electron microscopy plan view imaging in conjunction with image processing for solving complex surface structures. We address the issue of extracting the surface structure from a weak signal with a large bulk contribution. This method requires the sample to be thin enough for kinematical assumptions to be valid. The analysis was performed on two sets of data, c(6×2) on the (100) surface and (3×3) on the (111) surface of SrTiO3, and was unsuccessful in the latter due to the thickness of the sample and a lack of inversion symmetry. The limits and the functionality of this method are discussed.

Carbon dioxide can change the heat balance of the atmosphere. To study the relationship between CO2 and temperature change, we use the given CO2 concentrations to implement linear regression model, gray time series forecasting model, back-propagation model, and auto-regressive and moving average model to establish the growth function of CO2 concentration. Errors are evaluated to choose the most suitable model. then we use the most suitable model in step one to further predict future land-ocean temperature. Finally, we use grey relational analysis to analyze the relationship between CO2 concentrations and land-ocean temperatures since 1959.

Atomically thin MoS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a promising candidate for next-generation electronics due to inherent CVD scalability and controllability. However, it is well known that the stacking sequence in few-layer MoS2 can significantly impact electrical and optical properties. Herein we report different intrinsic stacking sequences in CVD-grown few-layer MoS2 obtained by atomic-resolution annular-dark-field imaging in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope operated at 50 keV. Trilayer MoS2 displays a new stacking sequence distinct from the commonly observed 2H and 3R phases of MoS2. Density functional theory is used to examine the stability of different stacking sequences, and the findings are consistent with our experimental observations.

High capacity cathode materials for long-life rechargeable lithium batteries are urgently needed. Selenium cathode has recently attracted great research attention due to its comparable volumetric capacity to but much better electrical conductivity than widely studied sulfur cathode. However, selenium cathode faces similar issues as sulfur (i.e., shuttling of polyselenides, volumetric expansion) and high performance lithium-selenium batteries (Li-Se) have not yet been demonstrated at selenium loading >60% in the electrode. In this work, a 3D mesoporous carbon nanoparticles and graphene hierarchical architecture to storage selenium as binder-free cathode material (Se/MCN-RGO) for high energy and long life Li-Se batteries is presented. Such architecture not only provides the electrode with excellent electrical and ionic conductivity, but also efficiently suppresses polyselenides shuttling and accommodates volume change during charge/discharge. At selenium content of 62% in the entire cathode, the free-standing Se/MCN-RGO exhibits high discharge capacity of 655 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C (97% of theoretical capacity) and long cycling stability with a very small capacity decay of 0.008% per cycle over 1300 cycles at 1 C. The present report demonstrates significant progress in the development of high capacity cathode materials for long-life Li batteries and flexible energy storage device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomicsurface structures of CeO2nanoparticles areunder debate owing to the lack of clear experimental determinationof the oxygen atom positions. In this study, with oxygen atoms clearlyobserved using aberration-corrected high-resolution electron microscopy,we determined the atomic structures of the (100), (110), and (111)surfaces of CeO2nanocubes. The predominantly exposed (100)surface has a mixture of Ce, O, and reduced CeO terminations, underscoringthe complex structures of this polar surface that previously was oftenoversimplified. The (110) surface shows “sawtooth-like”(111) nanofacets and flat CeO2–xterminations with oxygen vacancies. The (111) surface has an O termination.These findings can be extended to the surfaces of differently shapedCeO2nanoparticles and provide insight about face-selectivecatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Scanning tunneling microscopy study showed that the (2×2) reconstruction on the (001) surface of SrTiO3 should have a surface structure with a 4-fold symmetry. The previously proposed solution for the (2×2) reconstruction with the p2gm symmetry only has a 2-fold symmetry. In this study density functional theory study was carried out to propose a possible surface structure with the p4mm surface symmetry which matches the scanning tunneling microscopy images and suggests that two different (2×2) surface structures exist. The formation of the (2×2) reconstruction with the p4mm symmetry may be due to the kinetics as it has slightly higher surface energy than the one with the p2gm symmetry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]