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It is evident the necessity of a better understanding regarding the influence of warmth on the performance of horses in training, establishing that an efficient thermoregulation is essential to provide the physiological demands resulting from effort required and the climatic variables which the animal is exposed. This study aimed to evaluate thermoregulation in horses subjected to 30 minutes of exercise during three periods of the day with different air temperatures and to compare two techniques for measuring the sweating rate (SR) and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL). Three castrated crossbred horses were submitted to a series of half an hour of exercise at different moments (07:00, 13:00, 16:00 hours), carried out as follows: 3 minutes walking, 3 minutes of canter, 10 minutes of trot, 10 minutes of canter, 2 minutes of trot and 2 minutes of canter. Relative humidity, black globe and air temperature were 50%, 34Cº and 20.8ºC; 62%, 35ºC and 28.8Cº; 48%, 34.5Cº and 27.4Cº; respectively for the three periods. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), body surface temperature (BST), SR through the methodology of Schleger and Turner (1965) and TEWL measured by VapoMeter (Delfin, Finland) were taken before and after exercise. Model for analysis of variance included fixed effects of time and moments, and the means were compared by Tukey test or T at 5% of significance. Significant differences were observed between all variables at all time of samplings, except for the values of BST and TEWL at 13:00 hours. Regarding time of the day, significant differences were observed after exercise in variables RR, RT and BST, and also differences in the BST between the three periods before exercise. In this context, the time of day and weather can influence the thermoregulation. The use of VapoMeter was easier because it was faster and did not have external influences of relative humidity, however, it is necessary to carry out more researches to validate this equipment to horses.

The work aims to determine thermolysis capacity by losses by sweating using trans epidermal water loss values (TEWL) and by tachypnea. Fifty six Santa Ines ewes were divided in facilities having covered area with a cement floor and ï¬ber cement roof panels (4 m high, 8 x 10 m) and uncovered area with hard dirt floor (15 x 15 m). Thermolysis capacity was evaluated using heat stress challenge in three consecutive days, in which animals stayed under the shade, from 08:00 to 13:00 h, when the ï¬rst sample was taken (T0: 08:00 h). From 13:00 to 14:00 h, they stayed in sunny place for 1 h, and the second sample was taken (T1: 14:00h). Then, animals went back to the shade, where they stayed for more 45 minutes (14:00–14:45 h), and the third sample was taken (T2: 14:45h). TEWL with a VapoMeter (Delfin, Finland), respiratory rate (RR) by count of movements per minute and rectal temperature (RT) with a digital thermometer were collected in all sampling times. During the heat challenge, air temperature and relative humidity were measured under the shade and in the sun (Table 1). Variance analysis with multiple comparisons of means by Tukey test at 5% was performed. The study was approved by Ethics Committee of USP (12.1.755.74.9). The highest values of TEWL, RR and RT were found shortly after 1 hour of sunshine (P

The work aims to determine thermolysis capacity by losses by sweating using trans epidermal water loss values (TEWL) and by tachypnea. Fifty six Santa Ines ewes were divided in facilities having covered area with a cement floor and ï¬ber cement roof panels (4 m high, 8 x 10 m) and uncovered area with hard dirt floor (15 x 15 m). Thermolysis capacity was evaluated using heat stress challenge in three consecutive days, in which animals stayed under the shade, from 08:00 to 13:00 h, when the ï¬rst sample was taken (T0: 08:00 h). From 13:00 to 14:00 h, they stayed in sunny place for 1 h, and the second sample was taken (T1: 14:00h). Then, animals went back to the shade, where they stayed for more 45 minutes (14:00–14:45 h), and the third sample was taken (T2: 14:45h). TEWL with a VapoMeter (Delfin, Finland), respiratory rate (RR) by count of movements per minute and rectal temperature (RT) with a digital thermometer were collected in all sampling times. During the heat challenge, air temperature and relative humidity were measured under the shade and in the sun (Table 1). Variance analysis with multiple comparisons of means by Tukey test at 5% was performed. The study was approved by Ethics Committee of USP (12.1.755.74.9). The highest values of TEWL, RR and RT were found shortly after 1 hour of sunshine (P

It is evident the necessity of a better understanding regarding the influence of warmth on the performance of horses in training, establishing that an efficient thermoregulation is essential to provide the physiological demands resulting from effort required and the climatic variables which the animal is exposed. This study aimed to evaluate thermoregulation in horses subjected to 30 minutes of exercise during three periods of the day with different air temperatures and to compare two techniques for measuring the sweating rate (SR) and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL). Three castrated crossbred horses were submitted to a series of half an hour of exercise at different moments (07:00, 13:00, 16:00 hours), carried out as follows: 3 minutes walking, 3 minutes of canter, 10 minutes of trot, 10 minutes of canter, 2 minutes of trot and 2 minutes of canter. Relative humidity, black globe and air temperature were 50%, 34Cº and 20.8ºC; 62%, 35ºC and 28.8Cº; 48%, 34.5Cº and 27.4Cº; respectively for the three periods. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), body surface temperature (BST), SR through the methodology of Schleger and Turner (1965) and TEWL measured by VapoMeter (Delfin, Finland) were taken before and after exercise. Model for analysis of variance included fixed effects of time and moments, and the means were compared by Tukey test or T at 5% of significance. Significant differences were observed between all variables at all time of samplings, except for the values of BST and TEWL at 13:00 hours. Regarding time of the day, significant differences were observed after exercise in variables RR, RT and BST, and also differences in the BST between the three periods before exercise. In this context, the time of day and weather can influence the thermoregulation. The use of VapoMeter was easier because it was faster and did not have external influences of relative humidity, however, it is necessary to carry out more researches to validate this equipment to horses.

The work aims to determine thermolysis capacity by losses by sweating using trans epidermal water loss values (TEWL) and by tachypnea. Fifty six Santa Ines ewes were divided in facilities having covered area with a cement floor and ï¬ber cement roof panels (4 m high, 8 x 10 m) and uncovered area with hard dirt floor (15 x 15 m). Thermolysis capacity was evaluated using heat stress challenge in three consecutive days, in which animals stayed under the shade, from 08:00 to 13:00 h, when the ï¬rst sample was taken (T0: 08:00 h). From 13:00 to 14:00 h, they stayed in sunny place for 1 h, and the second sample was taken (T1: 14:00h). Then, animals went back to the shade, where they stayed for more 45 minutes (14:00–14:45 h), and the third sample was taken (T2: 14:45h). TEWL with a VapoMeter (Delfin, Finland), respiratory rate (RR) by count of movements per minute and rectal temperature (RT) with a digital thermometer were collected in all sampling times. During the heat challenge, air temperature and relative humidity were measured under the shade and in the sun (Table 1). Variance analysis with multiple comparisons of means by Tukey test at 5% was performed. The study was approved by Ethics Committee of USP (12.1.755.74.9). The highest values of TEWL, RR and RT were found shortly after 1 hour of sunshine (P

It is evident the necessity of a better understanding regarding the influence of warmth on the performance of horses in training, establishing that an efficient thermoregulation is essential to provide the physiological demands resulting from effort required and the climatic variables which the animal is exposed. This study aimed to evaluate thermoregulation in horses subjected to 30 minutes of exercise during three periods of the day with different air temperatures and to compare two techniques for measuring the sweating rate (SR) and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL). Three castrated crossbred horses were submitted to a series of half an hour of exercise at different moments (07:00, 13:00, 16:00 hours), carried out as follows: 3 minutes walking, 3 minutes of canter, 10 minutes of trot, 10 minutes of canter, 2 minutes of trot and 2 minutes of canter. Relative humidity, black globe and air temperature were 50%, 34Cº and 20.8ºC; 62%, 35ºC and 28.8Cº; 48%, 34.5Cº and 27.4Cº; respectively for the three periods. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), body surface temperature (BST), SR through the methodology of Schleger and Turner (1965) and TEWL measured by VapoMeter (Delfin, Finland) were taken before and after exercise. Model for analysis of variance included fixed effects of time and moments, and the means were compared by Tukey test or T at 5% of significance. Significant differences were observed between all variables at all time of samplings, except for the values of BST and TEWL at 13:00 hours. Regarding time of the day, significant differences were observed after exercise in variables RR, RT and BST, and also differences in the BST between the three periods before exercise. In this context, the time of day and weather can influence the thermoregulation. The use of VapoMeter was easier because it was faster and did not have external influences of relative humidity, however, it is necessary to carry out more researches to validate this equipment to horses.

It is evident the necessity of a better understanding regarding the influence of warmth on the performance of horses in training, establishing that an efficient thermoregulation is essential to provide the physiological demands resulting from effort required and the climatic variables which the animal is exposed. This study aimed to evaluate thermoregulation in horses subjected to 30 minutes of exercise during three periods of the day with different air temperatures and to compare two techniques for measuring the sweating rate (SR) and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL). Three castrated crossbred horses were submitted to a series of half an hour of exercise at different moments (07:00, 13:00, 16:00 hours), carried out as follows: 3 minutes walking, 3 minutes of canter, 10 minutes of trot, 10 minutes of canter, 2 minutes of trot and 2 minutes of canter. Relative humidity, black globe and air temperature were 50%, 34Cº and 20.8ºC; 62%, 35ºC and 28.8Cº; 48%, 34.5Cº and 27.4Cº; respectively for the three periods. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), body surface temperature (BST), SR through the methodology of Schleger and Turner (1965) and TEWL measured by VapoMeter (Delfin, Finland) were taken before and after exercise. Model for analysis of variance included fixed effects of time and moments, and the means were compared by Tukey test or T at 5% of significance. Significant differences were observed between all variables at all time of samplings, except for the values of BST and TEWL at 13:00 hours. Regarding time of the day, significant differences were observed after exercise in variables RR, RT and BST, and also differences in the BST between the three periods before exercise. In this context, the time of day and weather can influence the thermoregulation. The use of VapoMeter was easier because it was faster and did not have external influences of relative humidity, however, it is necessary to carry out more researches to validate this equipment to horses.

The work aims to determine thermolysis capacity by losses by sweating using trans epidermal water loss values (TEWL) and by tachypnea. Fifty six Santa Ines ewes were divided in facilities having covered area with a cement floor and ï¬ber cement roof panels (4 m high, 8 x 10 m) and uncovered area with hard dirt floor (15 x 15 m). Thermolysis capacity was evaluated using heat stress challenge in three consecutive days, in which animals stayed under the shade, from 08:00 to 13:00 h, when the ï¬rst sample was taken (T0: 08:00 h). From 13:00 to 14:00 h, they stayed in sunny place for 1 h, and the second sample was taken (T1: 14:00h). Then, animals went back to the shade, where they stayed for more 45 minutes (14:00–14:45 h), and the third sample was taken (T2: 14:45h). TEWL with a VapoMeter (Delfin, Finland), respiratory rate (RR) by count of movements per minute and rectal temperature (RT) with a digital thermometer were collected in all sampling times. During the heat challenge, air temperature and relative humidity were measured under the shade and in the sun (Table 1). Variance analysis with multiple comparisons of means by Tukey test at 5% was performed. The study was approved by Ethics Committee of USP (12.1.755.74.9). The highest values of TEWL, RR and RT were found shortly after 1 hour of sunshine (P

The work aims to determine thermolysis capacity by losses by sweating using trans epidermal water loss values (TEWL) and by tachypnea. Fifty six Santa Ines ewes were divided in facilities having covered area with a cement floor and ï¬ber cement roof panels (4 m high, 8 x 10 m) and uncovered area with hard dirt floor (15 x 15 m). Thermolysis capacity was evaluated using heat stress challenge in three consecutive days, in which animals stayed under the shade, from 08:00 to 13:00 h, when the ï¬rst sample was taken (T0: 08:00 h). From 13:00 to 14:00 h, they stayed in sunny place for 1 h, and the second sample was taken (T1: 14:00h). Then, animals went back to the shade, where they stayed for more 45 minutes (14:00–14:45 h), and the third sample was taken (T2: 14:45h). TEWL with a VapoMeter (Delfin, Finland), respiratory rate (RR) by count of movements per minute and rectal temperature (RT) with a digital thermometer were collected in all sampling times. During the heat challenge, air temperature and relative humidity were measured under the shade and in the sun (Table 1). Variance analysis with multiple comparisons of means by Tukey test at 5% was performed. The study was approved by Ethics Committee of USP (12.1.755.74.9). The highest values of TEWL, RR and RT were found shortly after 1 hour of sunshine (P

It is evident the necessity of a better understanding regarding the influence of warmth on the performance of horses in training, establishing that an efficient thermoregulation is essential to provide the physiological demands resulting from effort required and the climatic variables which the animal is exposed. This study aimed to evaluate thermoregulation in horses subjected to 30 minutes of exercise during three periods of the day with different air temperatures and to compare two techniques for measuring the sweating rate (SR) and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL). Three castrated crossbred horses were submitted to a series of half an hour of exercise at different moments (07:00, 13:00, 16:00 hours), carried out as follows: 3 minutes walking, 3 minutes of canter, 10 minutes of trot, 10 minutes of canter, 2 minutes of trot and 2 minutes of canter. Relative humidity, black globe and air temperature were 50%, 34Cº and 20.8ºC; 62%, 35ºC and 28.8Cº; 48%, 34.5Cº and 27.4Cº; respectively for the three periods. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), body surface temperature (BST), SR through the methodology of Schleger and Turner (1965) and TEWL measured by VapoMeter (Delfin, Finland) were taken before and after exercise. Model for analysis of variance included fixed effects of time and moments, and the means were compared by Tukey test or T at 5% of significance. Significant differences were observed between all variables at all time of samplings, except for the values of BST and TEWL at 13:00 hours. Regarding time of the day, significant differences were observed after exercise in variables RR, RT and BST, and also differences in the BST between the three periods before exercise. In this context, the time of day and weather can influence the thermoregulation. The use of VapoMeter was easier because it was faster and did not have external influences of relative humidity, however, it is necessary to carry out more researches to validate this equipment to horses.

The work aims to determine thermolysis capacity by losses by sweating using trans epidermal water loss values (TEWL) and by tachypnea. Fifty six Santa Ines ewes were divided in facilities having covered area with a cement floor and ï¬ber cement roof panels (4 m high, 8 x 10 m) and uncovered area with hard dirt floor (15 x 15 m). Thermolysis capacity was evaluated using heat stress challenge in three consecutive days, in which animals stayed under the shade, from 08:00 to 13:00 h, when the ï¬rst sample was taken (T0: 08:00 h). From 13:00 to 14:00 h, they stayed in sunny place for 1 h, and the second sample was taken (T1: 14:00h). Then, animals went back to the shade, where they stayed for more 45 minutes (14:00€“14:45 h), and the third sample was taken (T2: 14:45h). TEWL with a VapoMeter (Delfin, Finland), respiratory rate (RR) by count of movements per minute and rectal temperature (RT) with a digital thermometer were collected in all sampling times. During the heat challenge, air temperature and relative humidity were measured under the shade and in the sun (Table 1). Variance analysis with multiple comparisons of means by Tukey test at 5% was performed. The study was approved by Ethics Committee of USP (12.1.755.74.9). The highest values of TEWL, RR and RT were found shortly after 1 hour of sunshine (P

It is evident the necessity of a better understanding regarding the influence of warmth on the performance of horses in training, establishing that an efficient thermoregulation is essential to provide the physiological demands resulting from effort required and the climatic variables which the animal is exposed. This study aimed to evaluate thermoregulation in horses subjected to 30 minutes of exercise during three periods of the day with different air temperatures and to compare two techniques for measuring the sweating rate (SR) and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL). Three castrated crossbred horses were submitted to a series of half an hour of exercise at different moments (07:00, 13:00, 16:00 hours), carried out as follows: 3 minutes walking, 3 minutes of canter, 10 minutes of trot, 10 minutes of canter, 2 minutes of trot and 2 minutes of canter. Relative humidity, black globe and air temperature were 50%, 34Cº and 20.8ºC; 62%, 35ºC and 28.8Cº; 48%, 34.5Cº and 27.4Cº; respectively for the three periods. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), body surface temperature (BST), SR through the methodology of Schleger and Turner (1965) and TEWL measured by VapoMeter (Delfin, Finland) were taken before and after exercise. Model for analysis of variance included fixed effects of time and moments, and the means were compared by Tukey test or T at 5% of significance. Significant differences were observed between all variables at all time of samplings, except for the values of BST and TEWL at 13:00 hours. Regarding time of the day, significant differences were observed after exercise in variables RR, RT and BST, and also differences in the BST between the three periods before exercise. In this context, the time of day and weather can influence the thermoregulation. The use of VapoMeter was easier because it was faster and did not have external influences of relative humidity, however, it is necessary to carry out more researches to validate this equipment to horses.

The work aims to determine thermolysis capacity by losses by sweating using trans epidermal water loss values (TEWL) and by tachypnea. Fifty six Santa Ines ewes were divided in facilities having covered area with a cement floor and ï¬ber cement roof panels (4 m high, 8 x 10 m) and uncovered area with hard dirt floor (15 x 15 m). Thermolysis capacity was evaluated using heat stress challenge in three consecutive days, in which animals stayed under the shade, from 08:00 to 13:00 h, when the ï¬rst sample was taken (T0: 08:00 h). From 13:00 to 14:00 h, they stayed in sunny place for 1 h, and the second sample was taken (T1: 14:00h). Then, animals went back to the shade, where they stayed for more 45 minutes (14:00€“14:45 h), and the third sample was taken (T2: 14:45h). TEWL with a VapoMeter (Delfin, Finland), respiratory rate (RR) by count of movements per minute and rectal temperature (RT) with a digital thermometer were collected in all sampling times. During the heat challenge, air temperature and relative humidity were measured under the shade and in the sun (Table 1). Variance analysis with multiple comparisons of means by Tukey test at 5% was performed. The study was approved by Ethics Committee of USP (12.1.755.74.9). The highest values of TEWL, RR and RT were found shortly after 1 hour of sunshine (P

It is evident the necessity of a better understanding regarding the influence of warmth on the performance of horses in training, establishing that an efficient thermoregulation is essential to provide the physiological demands resulting from effort required and the climatic variables which the animal is exposed. This study aimed to evaluate thermoregulation in horses subjected to 30 minutes of exercise during three periods of the day with different air temperatures and to compare two techniques for measuring the sweating rate (SR) and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL). Three castrated crossbred horses were submitted to a series of half an hour of exercise at different moments (07:00, 13:00, 16:00 hours), carried out as follows: 3 minutes walking, 3 minutes of canter, 10 minutes of trot, 10 minutes of canter, 2 minutes of trot and 2 minutes of canter. Relative humidity, black globe and air temperature were 50%, 34Cº and 20.8ºC; 62%, 35ºC and 28.8Cº; 48%, 34.5Cº and 27.4Cº; respectively for the three periods. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), body surface temperature (BST), SR through the methodology of Schleger and Turner (1965) and TEWL measured by VapoMeter (Delfin, Finland) were taken before and after exercise. Model for analysis of variance included fixed effects of time and moments, and the means were compared by Tukey test or T at 5% of significance. Significant differences were observed between all variables at all time of samplings, except for the values of BST and TEWL at 13:00 hours. Regarding time of the day, significant differences were observed after exercise in variables RR, RT and BST, and also differences in the BST between the three periods before exercise. In this context, the time of day and weather can influence the thermoregulation. The use of VapoMeter was easier because it was faster and did not have external influences of relative humidity, however, it is necessary to carry out more researches to validate this equipment to horses.