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Background Adequate nutrition is integral to optimal health outcomes for children with chronic kidney disease. However, no studies to date have summarised the existing knowledge base on the dietary intake of this patient group. Objective Analyse and summarise evidence regarding the dietary intake of children with chronic kidney disease and identify areas that require further research or clarification. Methods A scoping review of English language articles using four bibliographic databases and a predefined search term strategy. Weighted mean intake for each nutrient was calculated. Results Eighteen studies were identified (1407 children and 118 healthy controls). Data on socioeconomic status, underreporting of intake and binder use was sparse. Most studies collected dietary information using food records or 24-h recalls. Nutrient data was missing for many subgroups especially transplant and dialysis patients. Protein intake was excessive in all groups where data was reported and varied from 125.7 ± 33% of the recommended dietary allowance in the severe disease group to 391.3 ± 383% in the group with mild kidney disease. Fibre, calcium, iron and vitamin C intake was inadequate for all groups. For children undertaking dialysis, none met the recommended dietary allowance for vitamins C, B1, B2, B3, B5 and B6. Sodium intake was excessive in all groups (> 220% of the recommended dietary allowance). Limited data suggests diet quality is poor, particularly fruit and vegetable intake. Conclusions This review has identified important subgroups of children with kidney disease where nutrient intake is suboptimal or not well described. Future studies should be conducted to describe intake in these groups. Graphical abstract A higher-resolution version of the graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information., Author(s): Erin Melhuish [sup.1] , Rachel Lindeback [sup.2] , Kelly Lambert [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.1007.6, 0000 0004 0486 528X, School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, [...]

Background: Diet is a critical part of the management of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). However, no data exists on the dietary intake of Australian children with CKD, nor if intake is different from healthy children. Aim: To quantify the dietary intake and diet quality of Australian children with CKD. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited children with CKD from a major metropolitan Children's Hospital. Participants completed the Australian Child and Adolescent Eating Survey. Eligible children were aged 2-17 years, with stage 2-5 CKD or post-transplant. Results were compared to healthy controls and healthy eating guidelines. Results: Data was collected from n=36 children with CKD and n=82 controls. Most (69%) were male and post-transplant (56%). Protein intake differed from healthy controls (mean intake CKD 2.57 ± 1.06 vs 3.09 ± 1.14 g/kg). Children with CKD differed from healthy controls and did not meet the Recommended Dietary Intake for vitamin A and calcium. Children with CKD exceeded recommendations for sodium, phosphorus, potassium. Diet quality was poor in both groups. Both groups consumed a low intake of vegetables (1.41 ± 1.1 serves/day for CKD, Controls 1.41 ± 0.89, p=0.99); while fruit was lower for children with CKD (1.72 ± 1.22 per day, Controls 2.66 ± 1.75, p=0.04). Intake of takeaways was higher in children with CKD (1159 ± 1065 kilojoules/day for CKD, Controls 779 ± 588, p=0.01). Conclusion: Dietary intake and diet quality is suboptimal and requires specific attention to fruit, vegetable, sodium and takeaway intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]