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1. Long term performances of OPERA bakelite RPC system

Author

Bertolin, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Cazes, A., Corradi, G., D’Incecco, M., Dal Corso, F., Dusini, S., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Klicek, B., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Paoloni, A., Papalino, G., Stanco, L., Stipcevic, M., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Ventura, M., and Votano, L.

Published
2012
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2. Performances of the OPERA RPCs

Author

Bergnoli, A., Bertolin, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Castellani, L., Cazes, A., Corradi, G., Dal Corso, F., D’Incecco, M., Di Giovanni, A., Dusini, S., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Paoloni, A., Papalino, G., Stanco, L., Stipcevic, M., Sugonyaev, V., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Ventura, M., and Votano, L.

Published
2009
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3. The OPERA muon spectrometers

Author

Garfagnini, A., Bergnoli, A., Brugnera, R., Carrara, E., Ciesielski, R., Dal Corso, F., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Longhin, A., Stanco, L., Cazes, A., Cecchetti, A., Di Troia, C., Dulach, B., Felici, G., Mengucci, A., Orecchini, D., Paoloni, A., Spinetti, M., Terranova, F., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Candela, A., D’Incecco, M., Gustavino, C., and Lindozzi, M.

Published
2007
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4. Tests of OPERA RPC detectors

Author

Bergnoli, A., Borsato, E., Brugnera, R., Buccheri, E., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Ciesielski, R., Corradi, G., D'Incecco, M., Dal Corso, F., Esposti, L. Degli, Di Giovanni, A., Di Marco, N., Di Troia, C., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Felici, G., Gambarara, A., Garfagnini, A., Gorin, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mastropietro, F., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Paoluzzi, G., Papalino, G., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Stipcevic, M., Sugonyaev, V., Tatananni, E., Terminiello, L., Terranova, F., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Zauner, B., and Zaytchenko, A.

Subjects
Nuclear physics -- Research, Particle accelerators -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

OPERA is part of the CNGS project and it is an experiment dedicated to the observation of long-baseline [v.sub.[mu]], into [v.sub.[tau]] oscillations through [tau] appearance. Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) with bakelite electrodes are used to instrument the 2 cm gaps between the magnetized iron slabs of the two spectrometers. The RPC installation ended in may 2004 on the first spectrometer and in march 2005 on the second one. Before the installation, every RPC is subjected to a complete test chain in order to reject the poorer quality detectors. The tests are performed in dedicated facilities to ensure the proper RPC gluing, to measure its electrical properties and to verify the response to cosmic rays and the intrinsic noise levels. We have also tested the long term stability of real size OPERA RPC prototypes operated at cosmic ray fluxes for more than one year. On small size prototypes we are performing studies on the gas mixtures in order to reduce the total charge released in the gas for each detector count. The validation of the installed RPCs has been performed with pure nitrogen. A small part of them has been also tested with the gas mixture Ar/[C.sub.2][H.sub.2][F.sub.4]/i - [C.sub.4][H.sub.10]/S[F.sub.6] = 75.4/20/4/0.6. Index Terms--OPERA, Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs).

Published
2005

5. Aging measurements on glass RPCs

Author

Ambrosio, M., Candela, A., De Deo, M., D'Incecco, M., Gamba, D., Giuliano, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Morganti, S., Redaelli, N., Tonazzo, A., Trapani, P., and Trinchero, G.C.

Subjects
Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Resistive plate chambers (RPC) are widely used as active elements in particle physics detectors. A deterioration of RPC performance with time has been observed in several experiments, after operation at high temperature or with water contamination in the gas mixture, both for detectors with bakelite electrodes and for the ones with float-glass electrodes. We have developed a kind of RPCs suitable for large scale industrial production. Float-glass is employed as electrode material, and the screen-printing technique is used to apply the resistive coating on the electrodes. A dedicated intensive measurement program on these detectors has been carried out, to assess their long-term behavior and aging properties under different operational conditions. Index Terms--Aging, glass, resistive plate chambers (RPCs).

Published
2003

6. Tests on OPERA RPCs

Author

Bergnoli, A., Borsato, E., Brugnera, R., Buccheri, E., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Ciesielski, R., Corradi, G., D'Incecco, M., Dal Corso, F., Degli Esposti, L., Di Giovanni, A., Di Marco, N., Di Troia, C., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Felici, G., Gambarara, A., Garfagnini, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mastropietro, F., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipcevic, M., Terminiello, L., Ventura, M., Votano, L., and Zauner, B.

Published
2006
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8. OPERA Resistive Plate Chambers underground test results

Author

Bergnoli, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Ciesielski, R., Dal Corso, F., Degli Esposti, L., Di Giovanni, A., D'Incecco, M., Di Troia, C., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Felici, G., Gambarara, A., Garfagnini, A., Gatta, M., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipcevic, M., Sugonyaev, V., Terminiello, L., Ventura, M., and Votano, L.

Published
2006
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9. The quality control tests for the RPCs of the OPERA experiment

Author

Bergnoli, A., Borsato, E., Brugnera, R., Buccheri, E., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Corradi, G., Dal Corso, F., De Deo, M., Degli Esposti, L., D'Incecco, M., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Gambarara, A., Garfagnini, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Paoluzzi, G., Papalino, G., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipcevic, M., Terminiello, L., Ventura, M., Votano, L., and Zauner, B.

Published
2004
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10. The OPERA cosmic ray test facility at the Gran Sasso

Author

Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Dal Corso, F., De Deo, M., Degli Esposti, L., D'Incecco, M., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Garfagnini, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Moro, R., Paoloni, A., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipcevic, M., Ventura, M., Votano, L., and Zauner, B.

Published
2004
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11. Long-term operation test of RPCs for the OPERA experiment

Author

Barichello, G., Bergnoli, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., D'Incecco, M., Dal Corso, F., Degli Esposti, L., Dusini, S., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Terranova, F., Ventura, M., and Votano, L.

Published
2004
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14. Muon energy estimate through multiple scattering with the MACRO detector

Author

Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Auriemma, G., Bakari, D., Baldini, A., Barbarino, G.C., Barish, B.C., Battistoni, G., Becherini, Y., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bloise, C., Bower, C., Brigida, M., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Campana, D., Candela, A., Carboni, M., Caruso, R., Cassese, F., Cecchini, S., Cei, F., Chiarella, V., Choudhary, B.C., Coutu, S., Cozzi, M., De Cataldo, G., De Deo, M., Dekhissi, H., De Marzo, C., De Mitri, I., Derkaoui, J., De Vincenzi, M., Di Credico, A., Dincecco, M., Erriquez, O., Favuzzi, C., Forti, C., Fusco, P., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, G., Giglietto, N., Giorgini, M., Grassi, M., Gray, L., Grillo, A., Guarino, F., Gustavino, C., Habig, A., Hanson, K., Heinz, R., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidis, E., Katsavounidis, I., Kearns, E., Kim, H., Kyriazopoulou, S., Lamanna, E., Lane, C., Levin, D.S., Lindozzi, M., Lipari, P., Longley, N.P., Longo, M.J., Loparco, F., Maaroufi, F., Mancarella, G., Mandrioli, G., Margiotta, A., Marini, A., Martello, D., Marzari-Chiesa, A., Mazziotta, M.N., Michael, D.G., Monacelli, P., Montaruli, T., Monteno, M., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Nicolo, D., Nolty, R., Orth, C., Osteria, G., Palamara, O., Patera, V., Patrizii, L., Pazzi, R., Peck, C.W., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pistilli, P., Popa, V., Raino, A., Reynoldson, J., Ronga, F., Rrhioua, A., Satriano, C., Scapparone, E., Scholberg, K., Sciubba, A., Serra, P., Sioli, M., Sirri, G., Sitta, M., Spinelli, P., Spinetti, M., Spurio, M., Steinberg, R., Stone, J.L., Sulak, L.R., Surdo, A., Tarle, G., Tatananni, E., Togo, V., Vakili, M., Walter, C.W., and Webb, R.

Published
2002
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15. Evaluation of candidate photomultiplier tubes for the NOE scintillating fiber calorimeter

Author

Barbarino, G.C, Bernardini, P, Brigida, M, Campana, D, Candela, A, Caruso, R, Ceres, A, De Mitri, I, Di Credico, A, Favuzzi, C, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Leone, A, Lindozzi, M, Loparco, F, Mancarella, G, Mazziotta, M.N, Mongelli, M, Osteria, G, Palladino, V, Perchiazzi, M, Pinto, C, Rainò, A, Rainò, S, Sacchetti, A, Scapparone, E, Spinelli, P, and Zilli, A

Published
2002
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16. Performance of a magnetized calorimeter for a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment

Author

Barbarino, G.C., Bernardini, P., Brigida, M., Campana, D., Candela, A., Caruso, R., Ceres, A., De Mitri, I., Di Credico, A., Favuzzi, C., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Grillo, A., Guarino, F., Leone, A., Lindozzi, M., Loparco, F., Mancarella, G., Mazziotta, M.N., Mongelli, M., Osteria, G., Palladino, V., Perchiazzi, M., Rainò, A., Rainò, S., Sacchetti, A., Scapparone, E., and Spinelli, P.

Published
2001
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17. The MONOLITH prototype

Author

Ambrosio, M, Bari, G, Bencivenni, G, Candela, A, Chiarini, A, Chignoli, F, Deo, M.De, D'Incecco, M, Gerli, S, Giusti, P, Gomez, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Mannocchi, G, Menghetti, H, Morello, C, Murtas, F, Paoluzzi, G, Pilastrini, R, Redaelli, N, Santoni, M, Sartorelli, G, Terranova, F, and Trinchero, G

Published
2000
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18. Performances of the OPERA RPCs

Author

Bergnoli, A, Bertolin, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Castellani, L, Cazes, A, Corradi, G, Dal Corso, F, D'Incecco, M, Di Giovanni, A, Dusini, S, Felici, G, Garfagnini, A, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Paoloni, A, Papalino, G, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Sugonyaev, V, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Bergnoli, A., Bertolin, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Castellani, L., Cazes, A., Corradi, G., Dal Corso, F., D'Incecco, M., Di Giovanni, A., Dusini, S., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Paoloni, A., Papalino, G., Stanco, L., Stipcevic, M., Sugonyaev, V., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Bergnoli, A, Bertolin, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Castellani, L, Cazes, A, Corradi, G, Dal Corso, F, D'Incecco, M, Di Giovanni, A, Dusini, S, Felici, G, Garfagnini, A, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Paoloni, A, Papalino, G, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Sugonyaev, V, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Bergnoli, A., Bertolin, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Castellani, L., Cazes, A., Corradi, G., Dal Corso, F., D'Incecco, M., Di Giovanni, A., Dusini, S., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Paoloni, A., Papalino, G., Stanco, L., Stipcevic, M., Sugonyaev, V., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Ventura, M., and Votano, L.

Abstract

OPERA is a dedicated experiment for the observation of Î1⁄2Î1⁄4into Î1⁄2Ï„oscillations through Ï„ appearance using a 730 km long baseline Î1⁄2Î1⁄4beam from CERN to the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. The detector is equipped with two spectrometers for muon identification and charm background rejection. Bakelite RPCs are used as inner trackers inside the iron magnet of the spectrometers. The experiment has already performed two short runs in 2006 and 2007. Results about the RPC performances are presented. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2009

19. The OPERA muon spectrometers

Author

Garfagnini, A, Bergnoli, A, Brugnera, R, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Dal Corso, F, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Longhin, A, Stanco, L, Cazes, A, Cecchetti, A, Di Troia, C, Dulach, B, Felici, G, Mengucci, A, Orecchini, D, Paoloni, A, Spinetti, M, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Candela, A, D'Incecco, M, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Garfagnini, A., Bergnoli, A., Brugnera, R., Carrara, E., Ciesielski, R., Dal Corso, F., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Longhin, A., Stanco, L., Cazes, A., Cecchetti, A., Di Troia, C., Dulach, B., Felici, G., Mengucci, A., Orecchini, D., Paoloni, A., Spinetti, M., Terranova, F., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Candela, A., D'Incecco, M., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Garfagnini, A, Bergnoli, A, Brugnera, R, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Dal Corso, F, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Longhin, A, Stanco, L, Cazes, A, Cecchetti, A, Di Troia, C, Dulach, B, Felici, G, Mengucci, A, Orecchini, D, Paoloni, A, Spinetti, M, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Candela, A, D'Incecco, M, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Garfagnini, A., Bergnoli, A., Brugnera, R., Carrara, E., Ciesielski, R., Dal Corso, F., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Longhin, A., Stanco, L., Cazes, A., Cecchetti, A., Di Troia, C., Dulach, B., Felici, G., Mengucci, A., Orecchini, D., Paoloni, A., Spinetti, M., Terranova, F., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Candela, A., D'Incecco, M., Gustavino, C., and Lindozzi, M.

Abstract

The OPERA experiment will study Î1⁄2Î1⁄4to Î1⁄2Ï„oscillations through Ï„ appearance on the 732 km long CERN to Gran Sasso baseline. The magnet yokes of the two muon spectrometers are instrumented with 48 planes of high resistivity bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) operated in streamer mode. Each plane covers about 70 m2. A general introduction to the system installation and commissioning will be given. Four RPC planes were instrumented and the first tests were performed confirming a good behavior of the installed RPCs in terms of intrinsic noise and operating currents. The measured noise maps agree with those obtained in the extensive quality test performed at surface. Counting rates are below 20 Hz / m2. Single and multiple cosmic muon tracks were also reconstructed. The estimated efficiency is close to the geometrical limit and the very first measurements of the absolute and differential muon flux are in agreement with the expectations. Finally, a description of the readout electronics and of the slow control system is given. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2007

20. OPERA Resistive Plate Chambers underground test results

Author

Bergnoli, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Dal Corso, F, Degli Esposti, L, Di Giovanni, A, D'Incecco, M, Di Troia, C, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Felici, G, Gambarara, A, Garfagnini, A, Gatta, M, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Paoloni, A, Stanco, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Stipcevic, M, Sugonyaev, V, Terminiello, L, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Bergnoli, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Ciesielski, R., Dal Corso, F., Degli Esposti, L., Di Giovanni, A., D'Incecco, M., Di Troia, C., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Felici, G., Gambarara, A., Garfagnini, A., Gatta, M., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipcevic, M., Sugonyaev, V., Terminiello, L., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Bergnoli, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Dal Corso, F, Degli Esposti, L, Di Giovanni, A, D'Incecco, M, Di Troia, C, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Felici, G, Gambarara, A, Garfagnini, A, Gatta, M, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Paoloni, A, Stanco, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Stipcevic, M, Sugonyaev, V, Terminiello, L, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Bergnoli, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Ciesielski, R., Dal Corso, F., Degli Esposti, L., Di Giovanni, A., D'Incecco, M., Di Troia, C., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Felici, G., Gambarara, A., Garfagnini, A., Gatta, M., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipcevic, M., Sugonyaev, V., Terminiello, L., Ventura, M., and Votano, L.

Abstract

The OPERA experiment [M. Guler et al., CERN/SPSC 2000-028, SPSC/P318, LNGS P25/2000, July 10, 2000; M. Guler et al., CERN/SPSC 2001-025, SPSC/M668, LNGS-EXP 30/2001 Add. 1/01, August 21, 2001] will study Î1⁄2Î1⁄4→ Î1⁄2Ï„oscillations through Ï„ appearance on the 732 Km long CERN to Gran Sasso baseline. The magnet yokes of the two muon spectrometers are instrumented with 44 layers of high resistivity bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) operated in streamer mode. Each layer covers about 70 m2. Four RPC planes were instrumented and the first tests were performed confirming a good behaviour of the installed RPCs in terms of intrinsic noise and operating currents. The measured noise maps agree with those obtained in the extensive quality tests performed at surface. Counting rates are below 20 Hz/m2. Single an multiple cosmic muon tracks were also reconstructed. The estimated efficiency is close to the geometrical limit and the very first measurements of the absolute and differential muon flux are in agreement with expectations. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2006

21. Tests on OPERA RPCs

Author

Bergnoli, A, Borsato, E, Brugnera, R, Buccheri, E, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Corradi, G, D'Incecco, M, Dal Corso, F, Degli Esposti, L, Di Giovanni, A, Di Marco, N, Di Troia, C, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Felici, G, Gambarara, A, Garfagnini, A, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mastropietro, F, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Paoloni, A, Stanco, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Stipcevic, M, Terminiello, L, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Zauner, B, Bergnoli, A., Borsato, E., Brugnera, R., Buccheri, E., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Ciesielski, R., Corradi, G., D'Incecco, M., Dal Corso, F., Degli Esposti, L., Di Giovanni, A., Di Marco, N., Di Troia, C., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Felici, G., Gambarara, A., Garfagnini, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mastropietro, F., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipcevic, M., Terminiello, L., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Zauner, B., Bergnoli, A, Borsato, E, Brugnera, R, Buccheri, E, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Corradi, G, D'Incecco, M, Dal Corso, F, Degli Esposti, L, Di Giovanni, A, Di Marco, N, Di Troia, C, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Felici, G, Gambarara, A, Garfagnini, A, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mastropietro, F, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Paoloni, A, Stanco, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Stipcevic, M, Terminiello, L, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Zauner, B, Bergnoli, A., Borsato, E., Brugnera, R., Buccheri, E., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Ciesielski, R., Corradi, G., D'Incecco, M., Dal Corso, F., Degli Esposti, L., Di Giovanni, A., Di Marco, N., Di Troia, C., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Felici, G., Gambarara, A., Garfagnini, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mastropietro, F., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipcevic, M., Terminiello, L., Ventura, M., Votano, L., and Zauner, B.

Abstract

OPERA is an experiment for the observation of Î1⁄2Î1⁄4into Î1⁄2Ï„oscillations through Ï„ appearance using a 730 km baseline Î1⁄2Î1⁄4beam from CERN to Gran Sasso underground laboratory. The magnet yokes of the two muon spectrometers are instrumented with high resistivity bakelite RPCs operated in streamer mode. The RPC installation ended in March 2005. As the detectors will be inaccessible during the operation, we performed long term operation as well as quality control tests. The results of the long term and of the Quality Control tests are presented. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2006

22. Tests of OPERA RPC detectors

Author

Bergnoli, A, Borsato, E, Brugnera, R, Buccheri, E, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Corradi, G, D'Incecco, M, Dal Corso, F, Degli Esposti, L, Di Giovanni, A, Di Marco, N, Di Troia, C, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Felici, G, Gambarara, A, Garfagnini, A, Gorin, A, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mastropietro, F, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Paoloni, A, Paoluzzi, G, Papalino, G, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Sugonyaev, V, Tatananni, E, Terminiello, L, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Zauner, B, Zaytchenko, A, Bergnoli, A., Borsato, E., Brugnera, R., Buccheri, E., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Ciesielski, R., Corradi, G., D'Incecco, M., Dal Corso, F., Degli Esposti, L., Di Giovanni, A., Di Marco, N., Di Troia, C., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Felici, G., Gambarara, A., Garfagnini, A., Gorin, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mastropietro, F., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Paoluzzi, G., Papalino, G., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Stipcevic, M., Sugonyaev, V., Tatananni, E., Terminiello, L., Terranova, F., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Zauner, B., Zaytchenko, A., Bergnoli, A, Borsato, E, Brugnera, R, Buccheri, E, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Corradi, G, D'Incecco, M, Dal Corso, F, Degli Esposti, L, Di Giovanni, A, Di Marco, N, Di Troia, C, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Felici, G, Gambarara, A, Garfagnini, A, Gorin, A, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mastropietro, F, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Paoloni, A, Paoluzzi, G, Papalino, G, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Sugonyaev, V, Tatananni, E, Terminiello, L, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Zauner, B, Zaytchenko, A, Bergnoli, A., Borsato, E., Brugnera, R., Buccheri, E., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Ciesielski, R., Corradi, G., D'Incecco, M., Dal Corso, F., Degli Esposti, L., Di Giovanni, A., Di Marco, N., Di Troia, C., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Felici, G., Gambarara, A., Garfagnini, A., Gorin, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mastropietro, F., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Paoluzzi, G., Papalino, G., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Stipcevic, M., Sugonyaev, V., Tatananni, E., Terminiello, L., Terranova, F., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Zauner, B., and Zaytchenko, A.

Abstract

OPERA is part of the CNGS project and it is an experiment dedicated to the observation of long-baseline Î1⁄2Î1⁄4into Î1⁄2Ï„oscillations through Ï„ appearance. Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) with bakelite electrodes are used to instrument the 2 cm gaps between the magnetized iron slabs of the two spectrometers. The RPC installation ended in may 2004 on the first spectrometer and in march 2005 on the second one. Before the installation, every RPC is subjected to a complete test chain in order to reject the poorer quality detectors. The tests are performed in dedicated facilities to ensure the proper RPC gluing, to measure its electrical properties and to verify the response to cosmic rays and the intrinsic noise levels. We have also tested the long term stability of real size OPERA RPC prototypes operated at cosmic ray fluxes for more than one year. On small size prototypes we are performing studies on the gas mixtures in order to reduce the total charge released in the gas for each detector count. The validation of the installed RPCs has been performed with pure nitrogen. A small part of them has been also tested with the gas mixture Ar/C2H2F4/i - C4H10/SF6= 75.4/20/4/0.6. © 2005 IEEE.

Published
2005

23. The quality control tests for the RPCs of the OPERA experiment

Author

Bergnoli, A, Borsato, E, Brugnera, R, Buccheri, E, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Corradi, G, Dal Corso, F, De Deo, M, Degli Esposti, L, D'Incecco, M, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Gambarara, A, Garfagnini, A, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Paoloni, A, Paoluzzi, G, Papalino, G, Stanco, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Stipcevic, M, Terminiello, L, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Zauner, B, Bergnoli, A., Borsato, E., Brugnera, R., Buccheri, E., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Corradi, G., Dal Corso, F., De Deo, M., Degli Esposti, L., D'Incecco, M., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Gambarara, A., Garfagnini, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Paoluzzi, G., Papalino, G., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipcevic, M., Terminiello, L., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Zauner, B., Bergnoli, A, Borsato, E, Brugnera, R, Buccheri, E, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Corradi, G, Dal Corso, F, De Deo, M, Degli Esposti, L, D'Incecco, M, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Gambarara, A, Garfagnini, A, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Paoloni, A, Paoluzzi, G, Papalino, G, Stanco, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Stipcevic, M, Terminiello, L, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Zauner, B, Bergnoli, A., Borsato, E., Brugnera, R., Buccheri, E., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Corradi, G., Dal Corso, F., De Deo, M., Degli Esposti, L., D'Incecco, M., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Gambarara, A., Garfagnini, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Paoluzzi, G., Papalino, G., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipcevic, M., Terminiello, L., Ventura, M., Votano, L., and Zauner, B.

Abstract

Before the installation in the OPERA experiment, bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers are subjected to a chain of quality tests performed at the Gran Sasso Laboratories. Mechanical properties are first investigated in a fully automatized station, measuring the gas leakage and checking the gluing of the internal spacers. Then electrical properties are tested: current vs. voltage characteristics are measured both with pure argon and with gas mixture filling; moreover the short term behavior of the current is monitored. Finally the response uniformity is tested, measuring the efficiency on the entire detector surface at cosmic rays fluxes. In this paper we present the test chain and the results on a large set of chambers. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2004

24. Long-term operation test of RPCs for the OPERA experiment

Author

Barichello, G, Bergnoli, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, D'Incecco, M, Corso, F, Degli Esposti, L, Dusini, S, Garfagnini, A, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Paoloni, A, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Barichello, G., Bergnoli, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., D'Incecco, M., Corso, F. Dal, Degli Esposti, L., Dusini, S., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Terranova, F., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Barichello, G, Bergnoli, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, D'Incecco, M, Corso, F, Degli Esposti, L, Dusini, S, Garfagnini, A, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Paoloni, A, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Barichello, G., Bergnoli, A., Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., D'Incecco, M., Corso, F. Dal, Degli Esposti, L., Dusini, S., Garfagnini, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Paoloni, A., Spinetti, M., Stanco, L., Terranova, F., Ventura, M., and Votano, L.

Abstract

OPERA is one of the two detectors foreseen in the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso project, devoted to the detection of Î1⁄2Î1⁄4into Î1⁄2Ï„oscillations in the parameter region suggested by SuperKamiokande data on atmospheric neutrinos. Bakelite RPCs will be used to instrument the iron yoke of the muon spectrometers. We present the results of long-term (greater than 6 months) streamer operations of real size OPERA RPCs at cosmic rays fluxes. Given the very low rate observed in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratories, under 3 km w.e., even this short time period is equivalent to more than 10 OPERA years. Results of tests with different gas mixtures are reported, in view of decreasing the streamer charge of operation for the RPCs employed in the experiment. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2004

25. The OPERA cosmic ray test facility at the Gran Sasso

Author

Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Dal Corso, F, De Deo, M, Degli Esposti, L, D'Incecco, M, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Garfagnini, A, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Moro, R, Paoloni, A, Stanco, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Stipcevic, M, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Zauner, B, Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Dal Corso, F., De Deo, M., Degli Esposti, L., D'Incecco, M., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Garfagnini, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Moro, R., Paoloni, A., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipcevic, M., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Zauner, B., Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Dal Corso, F, De Deo, M, Degli Esposti, L, D'Incecco, M, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Garfagnini, A, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Moro, R, Paoloni, A, Stanco, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Stipcevic, M, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Zauner, B, Brugnera, R., Candela, A., Carrara, E., Dal Corso, F., De Deo, M., Degli Esposti, L., D'Incecco, M., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Garfagnini, A., Grianti, F., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Mengucci, A., Monacelli, P., Moro, R., Paoloni, A., Stanco, L., Tatananni, E., Terranova, F., Spinetti, M., Stipcevic, M., Ventura, M., Votano, L., and Zauner, B.

Abstract

The OPERA experiment foresees the use of about 3000m2of RPCs, that will be tested before the installation in a dedicated cosmic ray test facility. The test facility is composed of 2 triggering walls selecting horizontal cosmic rays muons. Each wall houses 64 glass RPCs equipped with 128 horizontal Flat Cable Strips. The z-coordinate is measured with a standard digital chain, while the x-coordinate is obtained by measuring the propagation time of the signals along the strips. In this paper the performance of the trigger walls and the first results of the RFC debug are presented. © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Published
2004

26. The OPERA spectrometer RPC system

Author

Seibert, JA, Paoloni, A, Corradi, G, Di Troia, C, Felici, G, Gambarara, A, Grianti, F, Lenci, R, Mastropietro, F, Mengucci, A, Paoluzzi, G, Papalino, G, Spinetti, M, Terminiello, L, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Candela, A, D'Incecco, M, De Deo, M, Di Giovanni, A, Di Marco, N, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Tatananni, E, Buccheri, E, Monacelli, P, Degli Esposti, L, Balsamo, E, Barichello, G, Bergnoli, A, Borsato, E, Brigo, L, Brugnera, R, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Dal Corso, F, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Garfagnini, A, Longhin, A, Manea, C, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Zauner, B, Gorin, A, Sugonyaev, V, Zaychenko, A, Acquafredda, R, Ambrosio, M, Masone, V, Parascandolo, P, Sorrentino, G, Seibert, JA, Paoloni, A, Corradi, G, Di Troia, C, Felici, G, Gambarara, A, Grianti, F, Lenci, R, Mastropietro, F, Mengucci, A, Paoluzzi, G, Papalino, G, Spinetti, M, Terminiello, L, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Candela, A, D'Incecco, M, De Deo, M, Di Giovanni, A, Di Marco, N, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Tatananni, E, Buccheri, E, Monacelli, P, Degli Esposti, L, Balsamo, E, Barichello, G, Bergnoli, A, Borsato, E, Brigo, L, Brugnera, R, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Dal Corso, F, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Garfagnini, A, Longhin, A, Manea, C, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Zauner, B, Gorin, A, Sugonyaev, V, Zaychenko, A, Acquafredda, R, Ambrosio, M, Masone, V, Parascandolo, P, and Sorrentino, G

Abstract

OPERA is part of CNGS project and it is an experiment dedicated to the observation of long-baseline vÎ1⁄4into vÏ„oscillations through Ï„ appearance. Resistive Plate Chambers, RPCs, with bakelite electrodes are used for instrumenting the 2 cm gaps between the magnetized iron slabs of the two spectrometers. The RPCs installation in the first spectrometer ended in May 2004. Before the installation, every RPC is subject to a complete test chain for rejecting the worst quality detectors. The tests are performed in dedicated facilities for ensuring the proper RPC gluing, for measuring its electrical properties and for verifying the response to cosmic rays and the intrinsic noisiness. We have also tested the long term stability of real size OPERA RPC prototypes operated at cosmic ray fluxes for more than one year, which is equivalent, in terms of detectors countings, to about 20 OPERA years. On small size prototypes we are performing studies on the gas mixtures in order to reduce the total charge released in the gas for each detector count. The validation of the installed RPCs has been performed with pure nitrogen. A small part of them has been also tested with the gas mixture Ar/C2H2F4/i - C4H10/SF6= 75.4/20/4/0.6. © 2004 IEEE.

Published
2004

27. Muon energy estimate through multiple scattering with the MACRO detector

Author

Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Bakari, D, Baldini, A, Barbarino, G C, Barish, B C, Battistoni, G, Becherini, Yvonne, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Brigida, M, Bussino, S, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Candela, A, Carboni, M, Caruso, R, Cassese, F, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Choudhary, B C, Coutu, S, Cozzi, M, De Cataldo, G, De Deo, M, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, De Mitri, I, Derkaoui, J, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Dincecco, M, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Gray, L, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C P, Levin, D S, Lindozzi, M, Lipari, P, Longley, N P, Longo, M J, Loparco, F, Marroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiotta, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari-Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, M N, Michael, D G, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, C W, Perrone, L, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rrhioua, A, Satriano, C, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra, P, Sioli, M, Sirri, G, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, J L, Sulak, L R, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Tatananni, E, Togo, V, Vakili, M, Walter, C W, Webb, R, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Bakari, D, Baldini, A, Barbarino, G C, Barish, B C, Battistoni, G, Becherini, Yvonne, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Brigida, M, Bussino, S, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Candela, A, Carboni, M, Caruso, R, Cassese, F, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Choudhary, B C, Coutu, S, Cozzi, M, De Cataldo, G, De Deo, M, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, De Mitri, I, Derkaoui, J, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Dincecco, M, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Gray, L, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Heinz, R, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C P, Levin, D S, Lindozzi, M, Lipari, P, Longley, N P, Longo, M J, Loparco, F, Marroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiotta, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari-Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, M N, Michael, D G, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, C W, Perrone, L, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rrhioua, A, Satriano, C, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra, P, Sioli, M, Sirri, G, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, J L, Sulak, L R, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Tatananni, E, Togo, V, Vakili, M, Walter, C W, and Webb, R

Abstract

Muon energy measurement represents an important issue for any experiment addressing neutrino-induced up-going muon studies. Since the neutrino oscillation probability depends on the neutrino energy, a measurement of the muon energy adds an important piece of information concerning the neutrino system. We show in this paper how the MACRO limited streamer tube system can be operated in drift mode by using the TDCs included in the QTPs, an electronics designed for magnetic monopole search. An improvement of the space resolution is obtained, through an analysis of the multiple scattering of muon tracks as they pass through our detector. This information can be used further to obtain an estimate of the energy of muons crossing the detector. Here we present the results of two dedicated tests, performed at CERN PS-T9 and SPS-X7 beam lines, to provide a full check of the electronics and to exploit the feasibility of such a multiple scattering analysis. We show that by using a neural network approach, we are able to reconstruct the muon energy for E-mu < 40 GeV. The test beam data provide an absolute energy calibration, which allows us to apply this method to MACRO data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2002
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29. LIMITED STREAMER CHAMBER TESTING AND QUALITY EVALUATION IN ASTRA

Author

Giacomo Bari, Bruni, G., Romeo, Gc, Contin, A., Delpapa, C., Iacobucci, G., Maccarrone, G., Mencarini, D., Nania, R., Sartorelli, G., Anzivino, G., Bianco, S., Casaccia, R., Cindolo, F., Daniello, L., Defelici, M., Enorini, M., Fabbri, D., Fabbri, Fl, Giardoni, M., Laakso, I., Lindozzi, M., Masi, F., Pallante, E., Passamonti, L., Qian, S., Russo, V., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Zallo, A., Chen, K., Cui, X., Gao, B., Jing, C., Li, Y., Qazi, Ni, Sarwar, S., Terminiello, L., and Dali, G.

Abstract

Limited streamer chambers are extensively used for high-energy and nuclear physics experiments in accelerator and underground laboratories. The tracking system of LVD, an underground experiment to study muons and neutrino astronomy, will use roughly 15.000 limited streamer chambers and 100.000 external pickup strips with digital readout electronics, In this article we discuss the different aspects of chamber operation that serve to estabilish a testing procedure and to define acceptance criteria for selecting reliable and long-life devices. The procedures and the results obtained from a long-term test to evaluate streamer chember quality, based upon a sample of 2900 items, are described. The selection tests and the long-term observations have been performed in the Astra laboratory, established at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati to carry out quality control procedures for streamer chambers on a large scale and in a controlled environment.

Published
1991
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30. Single muon angular distributions observed in the LVD particle astrophysics experiment

Author

Aglietta, M., primary, Alpat, B., additional, Alyea, E.D., additional, Antonioli, P., additional, Anzivino, G., additional, Badino, G., additional, Ban, Y., additional, Bari, G., additional, Basile, M., additional, Benelli, A., additional, Berezinsky, V.S., additional, Bergamasco, L., additional, Bertoni, R., additional, Bianco, S., additional, Bizzeti, A., additional, Bosco, A., additional, Brugnola, G., additional, Bruni, G., additional, Cao, Y., additional, Romeo, G.Cara, additional, Casaccia, R., additional, Castagnoli, C., additional, Castellina, A., additional, Chen, K., additional, Chen, R., additional, Chinellato, J.A., additional, Cifarelli, L., additional, Cindolo, F., additional, Cini, G., additional, Cong, S., additional, Contin, A., additional, Dadykin, V.L., additional, Dardo, M., additional, De Silva, A., additional, De Pasquale, S., additional, Deutsch, M., additional, Dos Santos, L.G., additional, Enikeev, R.I., additional, Fabbri, D., additional, Fabbri, F.L., additional, Fulgione, W., additional, Galeotti, P., additional, Gatta, M., additional, Ghia, P., additional, Giusti, P., additional, Grianti, F., additional, Gu, S., additional, Guo, Y., additional, Hafen, E.S., additional, Haridas, P., additional, Hungerford, D., additional, Iacobucci, G., additional, Inoue, N., additional, Khalchukov, F.F., additional, Korolkova, E.V., additional, Kortchaguin, P.V., additional, Kortchaguin, V.B., additional, Kudryavtsev, V.A., additional, Landi, G., additional, Lau, K., additional, Lin, X., additional, Lindozzi, M., additional, Lu, L., additional, Luvisetto, M., additional, Ma, J., additional, Ma, Z., additional, Maccarrone, G., additional, Malguin, A.S., additional, Mao, Z., additional, Markov, M.A., additional, Massam, T., additional, Mayes, B., additional, Silva, N.Mengotti, additional, Misaki, A., additional, Monteleoni, B., additional, Morello, C., additional, Moromisato, J., additional, Nania, R., additional, Navarra, G., additional, Panaro, L., additional, Parks, D., additional, Pelfer, P.G., additional, Periale, L., additional, Picchi, P., additional, Pinsky, L., additional, Pless, I.A., additional, Pu, M., additional, Pyrlik, J., additional, Qiu, J., additional, Ryasny, V.G., additional, Ryazhskaya, O.G., additional, Saavedra, O., additional, Saitoh, K., additional, Sanders, D., additional, Sartorelli, G., additional, Sarwar, S., additional, Shen, D., additional, Taborgna, N., additional, Talochkin, V.P., additional, Tang, H., additional, Tang, J., additional, Tian, W., additional, Trinchero, G.C., additional, Turtelli, A., additional, Uman, I., additional, Vallania, P., additional, Ventura, M., additional, Vernetto, S., additional, von Goeler, E., additional, Votano, L., additional, Wada, T., additional, Wang, F., additional, Wang, H., additional, Wang, S., additional, Weinstein, R., additional, Widgoff, M., additional, Xu, L., additional, Xu, Z., additional, Yakushev, V.F., additional, Yamamoto, I., additional, Zallo, A., additional, Zatsepin, G.T., additional, Zhou, X., additional, Zhu, Q., additional, Zhu, X., additional, Zhuang, B., additional, and Zichichi, A., additional

Published
1994
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31. Lead/scintillating fiber electromagnetic calorimeters with energy resolution in the 20–80 MeV range

Author

Babusci, D., primary, Bianco, S., additional, Casaccia, R., additional, Daniello, L., additional, Fabbri, F.L., additional, Giardoni, M., additional, Lindozzi, M., additional, Passamonti, L., additional, Russo, V., additional, Sarwar, S., additional, Votano, L., additional, Zallo, A., additional, Casano, L.E., additional, Capogni, M., additional, D'angelo, A., additional, Moricciani, D., additional, Ghio, F., additional, Girolami, B., additional, Hertzog, D., additional, Hughes, S., additional, Reimer, P., additional, and Tayloe, R., additional

Published
1993
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32. The LVD tracking system chambers

Author

Anzivino, G., primary, Benvenuto, P., additional, Bianco, S., additional, Casaccia, R., additional, Dulach, B., additional, Fabbri, D., additional, Fabbri, F.L., additional, Gatta, M., additional, Giardoni, M., additional, Laakso, I., additional, Lindozzi, M., additional, Passamonti, L., additional, Russo, V., additional, Sarwar, S., additional, Sensolini, G., additional, Ventura, M., additional, Votano, L., additional, Zallo, A., additional, Mencarini, D., additional, Pallante, E., additional, Aftab, Z., additional, Ali, M.M., additional, Chen, K., additional, Chen, R., additional, Cong, S., additional, Cui, X., additional, Ding, H., additional, Gao, B., additional, Li, Y., additional, Lu, L., additional, Minhas, B.K., additional, Shi, Z., additional, Shah, A.R., additional, Sun, Y., additional, and Zhou, X., additional

Published
1993
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33. High-resolution electromagnetic Pb-SCIFI calorimetry: An investigation on fibres and tests with low-energy photons

Author

Bianco, S., primary, Casaccia, R., additional, Daniello, L., additional, Fabbri, F.L., additional, Giardoni, M., additional, Hertzog, D., additional, Hughes, S., additional, Lindozzi, M., additional, Passamonti, L., additional, Reimer, P., additional, Russo, V., additional, Sarwar, S., additional, Tayloe, R., additional, Votano, L., additional, and Zallo, A., additional

Published
1992
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34. Limited streamer chambers for the large volume detector

Author

Anzivino, G., primary, Bianco, S., additional, Casaccia, R., additional, Cindolo, F., additional, Daniello, L., additional, De Felici, M., additional, Enorini, M., additional, Fabbri, D., additional, Fabbri, F.L., additional, Giardoni, M., additional, Laakso, I., additional, Lindozzi, M., additional, Pallante, E., additional, Passamonti, L., additional, Russo, V., additional, Ventura, M., additional, Votano, L., additional, Zallo, A., additional, Bari, G., additional, Bruni, G., additional, Romeo, G.Cara, additional, Contin, A., additional, Del Papa, C., additional, Iacobucci, G., additional, Maccarrone, G., additional, Mencarini, D., additional, Nania, R., additional, Sartorelli, G., additional, Dong, Y., additional, Qazi, N.I., additional, Sarwar, S., additional, Mao, C.S., additional, Wu, Y.R., additional, and Yuan, Y., additional

Published
1991
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35. The OPERA spectrometer RPC system

Author

Paoloni, A., Corradi, G., Di Troia, C., Felici, G., Gambarara, A., Grianti, F., Lenci, R., Mastropietro, F., Mengucci, A., Paoluzzi, G., Papalino, G., Spinetti, M., Terminiello, L., Terranova, F., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Candela, A., D Incecco, M., Deo, M., Di Giovanni, A., Di Marco, N., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Tatananni, E., Buccheri, E., Monacelli, P., Degli Esposti, L., Balsamo, E., Barichello, G., Bergnoli, A., Borsato, E., Brigo, L., Brugnera, R., Carrara, E., Ciesielski, R., Dal Corso, F., Dusini, S., Fanin, C., Garfagnini, A., Andrea Longhin, Manea, C., Stanco, L., Stipcevic, M., Zauner, B., Gorin, A., Sugonyaev, V., Zaychenko, A., Acquafredda, R., Ambrosio, M., Masone, V., Parascandolo, P., Sorrentino, G., Seibert, JA, Paoloni, A, Corradi, G, Di Troia, C, Felici, G, Gambarara, A, Grianti, F, Lenci, R, Mastropietro, F, Mengucci, A, Paoluzzi, G, Papalino, G, Spinetti, M, Terminiello, L, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Candela, A, D'Incecco, M, De Deo, M, Di Giovanni, A, Di Marco, N, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Tatananni, E, Buccheri, E, Monacelli, P, Degli Esposti, L, Balsamo, E, Barichello, G, Bergnoli, A, Borsato, E, Brigo, L, Brugnera, R, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Dal Corso, F, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Garfagnini, A, Longhin, A, Manea, C, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Zauner, B, Gorin, A, Sugonyaev, V, Zaychenko, A, Acquafredda, R, Ambrosio, M, Masone, V, Parascandolo, P, and Sorrentino, G

Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Radiation, OPERA, RPC, Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract

OPERA is part of CNGS project and it is an experiment dedicated to the observation of long-baseline vμinto vτoscillations through τ appearance. Resistive Plate Chambers, RPCs, with bakelite electrodes are used for instrumenting the 2 cm gaps between the magnetized iron slabs of the two spectrometers. The RPCs installation in the first spectrometer ended in May 2004. Before the installation, every RPC is subject to a complete test chain for rejecting the worst quality detectors. The tests are performed in dedicated facilities for ensuring the proper RPC gluing, for measuring its electrical properties and for verifying the response to cosmic rays and the intrinsic noisiness. We have also tested the long term stability of real size OPERA RPC prototypes operated at cosmic ray fluxes for more than one year, which is equivalent, in terms of detectors countings, to about 20 OPERA years. On small size prototypes we are performing studies on the gas mixtures in order to reduce the total charge released in the gas for each detector count. The validation of the installed RPCs has been performed with pure nitrogen. A small part of them has been also tested with the gas mixture Ar/C2H2F4/i - C4H10/SF6= 75.4/20/4/0.6. © 2004 IEEE.

37. Single muon angular distributions observed in the LVD particle astrophysics experiment

Author

Aglietta, M., Alpat, B., Alyea, E. D., Antonioli, P., Anzivino, G., Badino, G., Ban, Y., Bari, G., Basile, M., Benelli, A., Berezinsky, V. S., Bergamasco, L., Bertoni, R., Bianco, S., Bizzeti, A., Bosco, A., Brugnola, G., Bruni, G., Cao, Y., Cara Romeo, G., Casaccia, R., Castagnoli, C., Castellina, A., Chen, K., Chen, R., Chinellato, J. A., Cifarelli, L., Cindolo, F., Cini, G., Cong, S., Contin, A., Dadykin, V. L., Dardo, M., Silva, A., Pasquale, S., Deutsch, M., Dos Santos, L. G., Enikeev, R. I., Fabbri, D., Fabbri, F. L., Walter Fulgione, Galeotti, P., Gatta, M., Ghia, P., Giusti, P., Grianti, F., Gu, S., Guo, Y., Hafen, E. S., Haridas, P., Hungerford, D., Iacobucci, G., Inoue, N., Khalchukov, F. F., Korolkova, E. V., Kortchaguin, P. V., Kortchaguin, V. B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Landi, G., Lau, K., Lin, X., Lindozzi, M., Lu, L., Luvisetto, M., Ma, J., Ma, Z., Maccarrone, G., Malguin, A. S., Mao, Z., Markov, M. A., Massam, T., Mayes, B., Mengotti Silva, N., Misaki, A., Monteleoni, B., Morello, C., Moromisato, J., Nania, R., Navarra, G., Panaro, L., Parks, D., Pelfer, P. G., Periale, L., Picchi, P., Pinsky, L., Pless, I. A., Pu, M., Pyrlik, J., Qiu, J., Ryasny, V. G., Ryazhskaya, O. G., Saavedra, O., Saitoh, K., Sanders, D., Sartorelli, G., Sarwar, S., Shen, D., Taborgna, N., and Talochkin, V. P.

38. Ageing measurements on glass RPCs

Author

Ambrosio, M., Candela, A., Deo, M., D Incecco, M., Gamba, D., Giuliano, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Morganti, S., Redaelli, N., Tonazzo, A., Trapani, P., and Gian Carlo Trinchero

39. EFFECTS OF GAS-MIXTURE ON LIMITED STREAMER CHAMBER PERFORMANCE

Author

Giacomo Bari, Bruni, G., Romeo, Gc, Contin, A., Delpapa, C., Iacobucci, G., Maccarrone, G., Mencarini, D., Nania, R., Sartorelli, G., Anzivino, G., Bianco, S., Casaccia, R., Cindolo, F., Daniello, L., Defelici, M., Enorini, M., Fabbri, D., Fabbri, Fl, Giardoni, M., Laakso, I., Lindozzi, M., Pallante, E., Passamonti, L., Russo, V., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Zallo, A., Dong, Y., Ji, Gq, Qazi, Ni, Sarwar, S., and Dall, G.

Subjects
Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The large volume detector at Gran Sasso employs roughly 15.000 limited streamer chambers for its tracking system. Streamer chamber performance strongly depends upon the nature of gas mixture used to fill it. We describe a comparison between the use of the standard binary (30% argon + 70% isobutane) and a low-hydrocarbon ternary (2% argon + 10% isobutane + 88% carbon dioxide) gas mixture. The ternary mixture results in a 400 volts shorter single count rate plateau, a 20% smaller primary streamer pulse-height and a much higher streamer multiplicity. The single count rate plateau was also studied for a wide composition range for isobutane, argon and carbon dioxide mixtures. Finally the source and effect of gas impurities, on performance of chambers operated with the standard binary mixture, was also investigated.

40. Performance and aging of OPERA bakelite RPCs

Author

Alessandro Paoloni, Bertolin, A., Brugnera, R., Dal Corso, F., Dusini, S., Garfagnini, A., Stanco, L., Candela, A., D Incecco, M., Lindozzi, M., Cazes, A., Corradi, G., Felici, G., Longhin, A., Mengucci, A., Papalino, G., Spinetti, M., Ventura, M., Votano, L., Klicek, B., and Stipcevic, M.

41. Ageing measurements on glass RPCs

Author

Ambrosio, M., primary, Candela, A., additional, De Deo, M., additional, D'Incecco, M., additional, Gamba, D., additional, Giuliano, A., additional, Gustavino, C., additional, Lindozzi, M., additional, Morganti, S., additional, Redaelli, N., additional, Tonazzo, A., additional, Trapani, R., additional, and Trinchero, G.C., additional

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42. Ageing measurements on glass RPCs.

Author

Ambrosio, M., Candela, A., De Deo, M., D'Incecco, M., Gamba, D., Giuliano, A., Gustavino, C., Lindozzi, M., Morganti, S., Redaelli, N., Tonazzo, A., Trapani, R., and Trinchero, G.C.

Published
2002
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44. Performances of the OPERA RPCs

Author

A. Mengucci, M. Spinetti, A. Bertolin, A. Garfagnini, A. Bergnoli, A. Candela, V. Sugonyaev, F. Dal Corso, A. Longhin, R. Brugnera, E. Carrara, L. Castellani, M. Lindozzi, C. Gustavino, G. Papalino, Luca Stanco, Alessandro Paoloni, Mario Stipčević, F. Terranova, A. Cazes, M. Ventura, L. Votano, S. Dusini, G. Felici, G. Corradi, M. D'Incecco, A. Di Giovanni, Bergnoli, A, Bertolin, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Castellani, L, Cazes, A, Corradi, G, Dal Corso, F, D'Incecco, M, Di Giovanni, A, Dusini, S, Felici, G, Garfagnini, A, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Paoloni, A, Papalino, G, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Sugonyaev, V, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Ventura, M, and Votano, L

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Muon, Spectrometer, OPERA, Streamer mode, Detector, RPC, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Bakelite, Charm (quantum number), Neutrino, Instrumentation, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Lepton
Abstract

OPERA is a dedicated experiment for the observation of ν μ into ν τ oscillations through τ appearance using a 730 km long baseline ν μ beam from CERN to the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. The detector is equipped with two spectrometers for muon identification and charm background rejection. Bakelite RPCs are used as inner trackers inside the iron magnet of the spectrometers. The experiment has already performed two short runs in 2006 and 2007. Results about the RPC performances are presented.

Published
2009
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45. OPERA Resistive Plate Chambers underground test results

Author

F. Dal Corso, A. Longhin, E. Carrara, G. Felici, E. Tatananni, A. Mengucci, Robert Ciesielski, A. Di Giovanni, M. Lindozzi, M. Gatta, R. Brugnera, F. Terranova, A. Garfagnini, M. Spinetti, S. Dusini, A. Gambarara, C. Di Troia, Alessandro Paoloni, M. D'Incecco, P. Monacelli, L. Degli Esposti, L. Stanco, F. Grianti, A. Bergnoli, Mario Stipčević, L. Votano, L. Terminiello, C. Fanin, M. Ventura, C. Gustavino, A. Candela, V. Sugonyaev, Bergnoli, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Dal Corso, F, Degli Esposti, L, Di Giovanni, A, D'Incecco, M, Di Troia, C, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Felici, G, Gambarara, A, Garfagnini, A, Gatta, M, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Paoloni, A, Stanco, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Stipcevic, M, Sugonyaev, V, Terminiello, L, Ventura, M, and Votano, L

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Resistive touchscreen, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optic, Large Hadron Collider, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic ray, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, resistive plate, chambers, underground, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Noise (radio), Lepton
Abstract

The OPERA experiment [M. Guler et al., CERN/SPSC 2000-028, SPSC/P318, LNGS P25/2000, July 10, 2000; M. Guler et al., CERN/SPSC 2001-025, SPSC/M668, LNGS-EXP 30/2001 Add. 1/01, August 21, 2001] will study νμ→ ντoscillations through τ appearance on the 732 Km long CERN to Gran Sasso baseline. The magnet yokes of the two muon spectrometers are instrumented with 44 layers of high resistivity bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) operated in streamer mode. Each layer covers about 70 m2. Four RPC planes were instrumented and the first tests were performed confirming a good behaviour of the installed RPCs in terms of intrinsic noise and operating currents. The measured noise maps agree with those obtained in the extensive quality tests performed at surface. Counting rates are below 20 Hz/m2. Single an multiple cosmic muon tracks were also reconstructed. The estimated efficiency is close to the geometrical limit and the very first measurements of the absolute and differential muon flux are in agreement with expectations. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2006
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46. Long-term operation test of RPCs for the OPERA experiment

Author

S. Dusini, M. Spinetti, C. Gustavino, L. Degli Esposti, F. Terranova, M. D'Incecco, A. Garfagnini, A. Bergnoli, F. Dal Corso, M. Lindozzi, A. Candela, P. Monacelli, G. Barichello, L. Votano, A. Mengucci, R. Brugnera, E. Carrara, Alessandro Paoloni, L. Stanco, M. Ventura, Barichello, G, Bergnoli, A, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, D'Incecco, M, Corso, F, Degli Esposti, L, Dusini, S, Garfagnini, A, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Paoloni, A, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, and Votano, L

Subjects
ICARUS, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Large Hadron Collider, Instrumentation, Opera, Cosmic ray, Long-term operation of RPC, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Bakelite, Neutrino, Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract

OPERA is one of the two detectors foreseen in the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso project, devoted to the detection of νμinto ντoscillations in the parameter region suggested by SuperKamiokande data on atmospheric neutrinos. Bakelite RPCs will be used to instrument the iron yoke of the muon spectrometers. We present the results of long-term (greater than 6 months) streamer operations of real size OPERA RPCs at cosmic rays fluxes. Given the very low rate observed in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratories, under 3 km w.e., even this short time period is equivalent to more than 10 OPERA years. Results of tests with different gas mixtures are reported, in view of decreasing the streamer charge of operation for the RPCs employed in the experiment. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2004
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47. The OPERA cosmic ray test facility at the Gran Sasso

Author

F. Grianti, R. Brugnera, F. Dal Corso, E. Carrara, F. Terranova, A. Garfagnini, C. Gustavino, C. Fanin, Mario Stipčević, M. Spinetti, L. Votano, Branimir Zauner, A. Mengucci, Alessandro Paoloni, Luca Stanco, M. Lindozzi, E. Tatananni, M. Ventura, L. Degli Esposti, M. De Deo, M. D'Incecco, S. Dusini, R. Moro, P. Monacelli, A. Candela, Brugnera, R, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Dal Corso, F, De Deo, M, Degli Esposti, L, D'Incecco, M, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Garfagnini, A, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Moro, R, Paoloni, A, Stanco, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Stipcevic, M, Ventura, M, Votano, L, and Zauner, B

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Propagation time, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Instrumentation, Opera, Streamer mode, Cosmic ray, STRIPS, Particle detector, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Optics, Glass RPC, law, OPERA experiment, Measuring instrument, business, Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract

The OPERA experiment foresees the use of about 3000m2of RPCs, that will be tested before the installation in a dedicated cosmic ray test facility. The test facility is composed of 2 triggering walls selecting horizontal cosmic rays muons. Each wall houses 64 glass RPCs equipped with 128 horizontal Flat Cable Strips. The z-coordinate is measured with a standard digital chain, while the x-coordinate is obtained by measuring the propagation time of the signals along the strips. In this paper the performance of the trigger walls and the first results of the RFC debug are presented. © 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Published
2004
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48. The OPERA muon spectrometers

Author

Robert Ciesielski, C. Di Troia, F. Dal Corso, M. Lindozzi, C. Fanin, A. Garfagnini, L. Votano, A. Longhin, E. Carrara, M. Ventura, A. Cazes, A. Cecchetti, D. Orecchini, M. D'Incecco, C. Gustavino, R. Brugnera, F. Terranova, Luca Stanco, A. Mengucci, M. Spinetti, Alessandro Paoloni, A. Candela, B. Dulach, A. Bergnoli, S. Dusini, G. Felici, Garfagnini, A, Bergnoli, A, Brugnera, R, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Dal Corso, F, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Longhin, A, Stanco, L, Cazes, A, Cecchetti, A, Di Troia, C, Dulach, B, Felici, G, Mengucci, A, Orecchini, D, Paoloni, A, Spinetti, M, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Candela, A, D'Incecco, M, Gustavino, C, and Lindozzi, M

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Resistive touchscreen, Test, Muon, Large Hadron Collider, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, OPERA, Installation, Cosmic ray, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Magnet, Bakelite, RPC, Commissioning, Instrumentation, Noise (radio), Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract

The OPERA experiment will study ν μ to ν τ oscillations through τ appearance on the 732 km long CERN to Gran Sasso baseline. The magnet yokes of the two muon spectrometers are instrumented with 48 planes of high resistivity bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) operated in streamer mode. Each plane covers about 70 m 2 . A general introduction to the system installation and commissioning will be given. Four RPC planes were instrumented and the first tests were performed confirming a good behavior of the installed RPCs in terms of intrinsic noise and operating currents. The measured noise maps agree with those obtained in the extensive quality test performed at surface. Counting rates are below 20 Hz / m 2 . Single and multiple cosmic muon tracks were also reconstructed. The estimated efficiency is close to the geometrical limit and the very first measurements of the absolute and differential muon flux are in agreement with the expectations. Finally, a description of the readout electronics and of the slow control system is given.

Published
2007

49. Tests on OPERA RPCs

Author

F. Grianti, M. Ventura, E. Borsato, A. Bergnoli, Branimir Zauner, A. Garfagnini, F. Dal Corso, G. Felici, C. Fanin, R. Brugnera, L. Stanco, C. Gustavino, E. Buccheri, F. Mastropietro, A. Gambarara, P. Monacelli, Alessandro Paoloni, Robert Ciesielski, E. Tatananni, A. Longhin, N. Di Marco, E. Carrara, A. Di Giovanni, S. Dusini, A. Candela, Mario Stipčević, M. Spinetti, C. Di Troia, L. Degli Esposti, L. Votano, G. Corradi, M. Lindozzi, L. Terminiello, M. D'Incecco, F. Terranova, A. Mengucci, Bergnoli, A, Borsato, E, Brugnera, R, Buccheri, E, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Corradi, G, D'Incecco, M, Dal Corso, F, Degli Esposti, L, Di Giovanni, A, Di Marco, N, Di Troia, C, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Felici, G, Gambarara, A, Garfagnini, A, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mastropietro, F, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Paoloni, A, Stanco, L, Tatananni, E, Terranova, F, Spinetti, M, Stipcevic, M, Terminiello, L, Ventura, M, Votano, L, and Zauner, B

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Large Hadron Collider, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optic, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Neutrino detector, Bakelite, RPC, OPERA, neutrino oscillations, muon tracker, Measuring instrument, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Beam (structure), Lepton
Abstract

OPERA is an experiment for the observation of νμinto ντoscillations through τ appearance using a 730 km baseline νμbeam from CERN to Gran Sasso underground laboratory. The magnet yokes of the two muon spectrometers are instrumented with high resistivity bakelite RPCs operated in streamer mode. The RPC installation ended in March 2005. As the detectors will be inaccessible during the operation, we performed long term operation as well as quality control tests. The results of the long term and of the Quality Control tests are presented. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2006

50. Tests of OPERA RPC detectors

Author

L.D. Esposti, C. Gustavino, A. Bergnoli, Branimir Zauner, E. Buccheri, A. Garfagnini, Alessandro Paoloni, F. Mastropietro, A. Mengucci, S. Dusini, C. Di Troia, F. Terranova, G. Felici, Luca Stanco, M. D'Incecco, E. Tatananni, G. Corradi, L. Terminiello, A. Di Giovanni, Mario Stipčević, M. Ventura, C. Fanin, F. Grianti, P. Monacelli, M. Spinetti, G. Papalino, Robert Ciesielski, A. Gorin, A. Gambarara, A. Zaytchenko, A. Candela, V. Sugonyaev, R. Brugnera, E. Borsato, N. Di Marco, A. Longhin, E. Carrara, G. Paoluzzi, Flavio Dal Corso, M. Lindozzi, L. Votano, Bergnoli, A, Borsato, E, Brugnera, R, Buccheri, E, Candela, A, Carrara, E, Ciesielski, R, Corradi, G, D'Incecco, M, Dal Corso, F, Degli Esposti, L, Di Giovanni, A, Di Marco, N, Di Troia, C, Dusini, S, Fanin, C, Felici, G, Gambarara, A, Garfagnini, A, Gorin, A, Grianti, F, Gustavino, C, Lindozzi, M, Longhin, A, Mastropietro, F, Mengucci, A, Monacelli, P, Paoloni, A, Paoluzzi, G, Papalino, G, Spinetti, M, Stanco, L, Stipcevic, M, Sugonyaev, V, Tatananni, E, Terminiello, L, Terranova, F, Ventura, M, Votano, L, Zauner, B, and Zaytchenko, A

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Resistive touchscreen, Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), Spectrometer, Nuclear engineering, OPERA, Detector, Cosmic ray, Noise (electronics), Particle detector, AGING TESTS, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBERS, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Bakelite, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Neutrino oscillation, Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract

OPERA is part of the CNGS project and it is an experiment dedicated to the observation of long-baseline νμinto ντoscillations through τ appearance. Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) with bakelite electrodes are used to instrument the 2 cm gaps between the magnetized iron slabs of the two spectrometers. The RPC installation ended in may 2004 on the first spectrometer and in march 2005 on the second one. Before the installation, every RPC is subjected to a complete test chain in order to reject the poorer quality detectors. The tests are performed in dedicated facilities to ensure the proper RPC gluing, to measure its electrical properties and to verify the response to cosmic rays and the intrinsic noise levels. We have also tested the long term stability of real size OPERA RPC prototypes operated at cosmic ray fluxes for more than one year. On small size prototypes we are performing studies on the gas mixtures in order to reduce the total charge released in the gas for each detector count. The validation of the installed RPCs has been performed with pure nitrogen. A small part of them has been also tested with the gas mixture Ar/C2H2F4/i - C4H10/SF6= 75.4/20/4/0.6. © 2005 IEEE.

Published
2005

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