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We present a zero-bias operational UTC-PD with frequency compensation to enhance the output amplitude at around 70 GHz. High line rate performances of up to 160 Gbps could be successfully achieved with PAM-4.

We demonstrate the transmission over 10.2-km SMF of intensity-modulated and direct-detected (IM-DD) signals at record 700.4 Gb/s line rate and record 538.8 Gb/s net rate with entropy loaded PS-256-QAM signals, and 200-GBaud PS-PAM-16 signals with 650 Gb/s line rate and 484.5 Gb/s net rate.

In this study, spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM), a high-speed form of reflectance confocal imaging, is utilized for high resolution imaging of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Developed system incorporates near-infrared illumination at 1310nm and can offer confocal imaging at 147KHz line rate with lateral resolution of ~2μm. Our preliminary results suggest ability of the system in resolving various organs of C elegans at high throughput which is key for studying disease models in organisms in biological studies.

Quasi-coherent receivers have been demonstrated as a powerful technology for addressing the requirements of the current optical networks based on 10 Gbps line rate. The quasi-coherent technology also has a promising future in the next generation of optical networks where the line rate scales up to 25 Gbps or 50 Gbps. In this paper, the current 10 Gbps quasi-coherent technology has been summarized, together with the first results at 25 Gbps. In addition, this paper shows the roadmap of the future updates of the quasi-coherent technology addressing the necessities of the future optical networks.

We demonstrate a direct-modulation and direct-detection system with a back-to-back line rate of 411.6 (net bit rate of 337.5) Gb/s using a 65 GHz DFB+R laser. The O-band laser with a chirp parameter of 0.6 supports dispersion-tolerant transmissions up to 15 km without an optical amplifier.

In this work we demonstrate spectrometer based mid-infrared (MIR) optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 4 µm but with an increase of state-of-the-art imaging speed by at least 10 times. The improvement is based on exploiting a chirped periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. We show more than 3 kHz line rate OCT imaging. With this significant increase in imaging speed we hope to expand the efficacy of mid-infrared OCT.

The new Vertex Locator for LHCb, comprising a new pixel detector and readout electronics, will be installed in 2020 for data-taking in Run 3 at the LHC. The electronics centres around the "VeloPix" ASIC at the front-end operating in a triggerless readout at 40 MHz. Custom serialisers send zero-suppressed data from the VeloPix at a line rate of 5.13 Gb/s. System tests of the com- plete electronic and optical chain, along with early results from high-speed link tests at CERN are presented.

With the advancement of technology, the demand for bandwidth increases exponentially with time. Hence, optical fiber communication becomes the optimum choice for backbone networks. As the efficiency of the optical system is limited by congenital parameters such as chromatic dispersion. So, in this work, we have evaluated the ability of electronic equalization scheme reduce the CD (chromatic dispersion for an optical communication system capable of transporting 4 channels at 10 Gbps line rate over a distance of 30km. Further, we compare the performance of decision feedback equalizer with two different configurations.

Bandwidth demands keep increasing, inspiring researchers to continue to find cost-effective ways to increase the line rate in passive optical network (PON) systems. In this paper, we present and discuss proposals to upgrade 10G PONs with a 25-Gbps line rate at low cost and with low power consumption. Our proposals are based on binary nonreturn-to-zero and duobinary-based transmission, which gained a lot of attention as solutions for upgrading PON to a 25 Gbps line rate in recent research papers as well as the standardization body IEEE. The IEEE started standardizing 100G-EPON beginning of 2016. We report the latest results of our study of duobinary detection showing that it is a cost-effective technical feasible solution for 25G PON Also, topics like forward error correction and power consumption are investigated in the context of 25G PON

We demonstrate the transmission of intensity-modulated and direct-detected (IM-DD) entropy-loaded signals over 22-km SMF with 554-Gb/s line rate and 460.9-Gb/s net bit rate.

Network calculus is often used to prove delay bounds in deterministic networks, using arrival and service curves. We consider a FIFO system that offers a rate-latency service curve and where packet transmission occurs at line rate without pre-emption. The existing network calculus delay bounds take advantage of the service curve guarantee but not of the fact that transmission occurs at full line rate. In this letter, we provide a novel, improved delay bound which takes advantage of these two features. Contrary to existing bounds, ours is per-packet and depends on the packet length. We prove that it is tight., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures

We demonstrate the world-first single-channel direct detection beyond 1-Tb/s with 1.26-Tb/s line rate and 1.02-Tb/s net rate after 100-km SSMF, via an 86-GHz Stokes vector receiver that recovers totally single-polarization-equivalent 252-Gbaud probabilistic-shaped 64-QAM signal.

We experimentally demonstrated 600G per-wavelength (848-Gbps coded line rate) probabilistically shaped 16QAM coherent WDM transmission over 5,600-km ultra-low-loss fibers with Raman amplification above the 27.5% SD-FEC threshold of 0.8 NGMI, attaining 27% transmission-distance improvement compared with regular-16QAM.

We report multi-level modulation in polarization-independent surface-normal electro-absorption modulators (SNEAMs). Four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) at a line rate of 44 Gb/s is demonstrated on a fully packaged SNEAM with a 30 µm active area diameter and a 14 GHz electro-optic bandwidth. High-capacity PAM-4 transmission at 112 and 160 Gb/s is demonstrated on an unpackaged SNEAM chip, with a 15 µm active area diameter and ultrawide electro-optic bandwidth ( ≫ 65 G H z ). Fiber transmission is investigated for direct detection link lengths up to 23 km at 44 Gb/s and 2 km at 112 and 160 Gb/s, the highest multi-level modulation rates achieved on a SNEAM.

Probabilistically-shaped DP-64QAM at record 105 GBd is demonstrated, achieving per-wavelength 1.26- Tbps line rate and 905.8-Gbps net rate after 800-km single-channel and 400-km WDM (SE: 8.05 bits/s/Hz) transmissions, respectively, satisfying the NGMI threshold for a 27.5% FEC.

"Table tops"/occlusal veneers are partial crowns that allow for the biomimetic restoration of worn teeth in bruxing patients. The biomimetic approach includes a CAD/CAM composite resin for the manufacturing of the "table tops", for example Tizian, which is a zirconia reinforced composite (Schutz Dental Group). In the present study we prove the value of a fast swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system in the evaluation of the marginal fit of Tizian "table tops". 12 maxillary first premolars were extracted and minimally invasive prepared for "table tops". The Tizian "table tops" were then adhesively cemented on the natural teeth with Variolink II (Ivoclar Vivadent). A SS-OCT system has been used to evaluate the marginal and internal adaptation of Tizian "table tops". The SS (Axsun Technologies, Billerica, MA) has a central wavelength of 1060 nm, a sweeping range 106 nm (quoted at 10 dB), and a 100 kHz line rate. The depth resolution of the system, measured experimentally in air was 10 ?m. The same samples were analyzed by using a micro-computed tomography (?CT) system, in order cu confirm the data obtained by using OCT. The imaging system used for this study offers good spatial resolutions in both directions, transversal and longitudinal, of around 10 ?m, a high sensitivity, and it is also able to acquire entire 3D volumes as fast as 2.5 s. Once the full dataset has been acquired, rendered high resolutions en-face projections could be produced. With it, the "table top" – cement – abutment tooth interfaces were observed on both C-scans as 2D images and also in the 3D reconstructions; the system was able to detect several open interfaces, which were confirmed on the ?CT i mages. The SS-OCT system allows for an efficient evaluation of biomimetic Tizian "table tops".

2017 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking, BlackSeaCom 2017 -- 5 June 2017 through 8 June 2017 -- -- 134510, 2-s2.0-85050773594, In this study, we propose a new dynamic line rate assignment strategy that responds to load intensity fluctuations of daily traffic in wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) mixed-line-rate (MLR) optical networks. We present Survivable Routing with Rate and Wavelength Assignment (SRRWA) and we propose an efficient shared backup path protection solution for dynamic traffic model. We prepared simulation scenarios to demonstrate the effect of handling load intensity periods over routing performance in terms of communication cost and resource utilization. We compared the results of the proposed strategy with static line rate assignment methods. The simulation results show that proposed strategy has an average performance while highest resource utilization and lowest cost values are obtained by the static rate matching line rate assignment method. © 2017 IEEE.

We present NetCache, a new key-value store architecture that leverages the power and flexibility of new-generation programmable switches to handle queries on hot items and balance the load across storage nodes. NetCache provides high aggregate throughput and low latency even under highly-skewed and rapidly-changing workloads. The core of NetCache is a packet-processing pipeline that exploits the capabilities of modern programmable switch ASICs to efficiently detect, index, cache and serve hot key-value items in the switch data plane. Additionally, our solution guarantees cache coherence with minimal overhead. We implement a NetCache prototype on Barefoot Tofino switches and commodity servers and demonstrate that a single switch can process 2+ billion queries per second for 64K items with 16-byte keys and 128-byte values, while only consuming a small portion of its hardware resources. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a sophisticated application-level functionality, such as in-network caching, has been shown to run at line rate on programmable switches. Furthermore, we show that NetCache improves the throughput by 3-10x and reduces the latency of up to 40% of queries by 50%, for high-performance, in-memory key-value stores.

Key-value store (KVS) systems are widely used in various network applications for retrieving a block of data called value according to an indicator called key. Hash table is often used as implementations of key-value stores for its high retrieving efficiency. However, the conventional implementations of hash tables are based on software, which introduce high latency and loss of requests for high speed Ethernet accesses. We present a hash table with optimized fully pipelined design for high throughput and low latency key-value accesses. This hash table inserts entries at the rate of 100 million requests per second (MRPS) when the load factor is less than 60% and retrieves or deletes entries at a constant rate of 100 MRPS. The integration with Ethernet and off-chip memories achieves 10Gbps line rate processing of requests and proves that our hash table is over-provisioned. The KVS system can handle the throughput beyond 10 Gbps, serving a maximum packet rate of 46 MRPS, which is 1.5 times faster than the best published result. The retrieve latency can be reduced down to 230ns, which is 2.5 times faster than the best published result.

The ever changing nature of network technology requires a flexible platform that can change as the technology evolves. In this work, a complete networking switch designed in OpenCL is presented, identifying several high-level constructs that form the building blocks of any network application targeting FPGAs. These include the notion of an on-chip global memory and kernels constantly processing data without the intervention of the host. The use of OpenCL is motivated by the ability to rapidly change designs and to be maintainable by a wider developer community. Pieces of the design that cannot be realized using current OpenCL technology are also identified and a solution to the problem is presented.

We experimentally demonstrate Dual Polarization 64 QAM at 100 GBaud performing below the 20% soft FEC threshold of 4×10−2 over 300 km of ultra large effective area fiber at a record line rate of 1.2-Tbit/s.

Demonstration of a real-time receiver working with 28 GBd at 32 GSa/s. The signal processing is done on a single FPGA. The resource-saving non-integer oversampling of 8/7 is enabled by a timing synchronization in the frequency domain.

The impacts of parasitic phenomenon on the performance of the analog accumulator in CMOS TDI image sensor are analyzed in this paper, and a modified accumulator with decoupling capacitor Cd to combat the parasitic phenomenon is also proposed. A 128-stage modified accumulator is designed and simulated. A prototype 1024 × 128 CMOS TDI image sensor with the 128-stage modified accumulator is fabricated in 0.18- μm one-poly four-metal 1.8 V/3.3 V CMOS technology. With a line rate of 3875 lines/s, at 128 stages the measured sensitivity and SNR improvement of the fabricated sensor are 617.1 V/lux·s and 16.6 dB respectively. The simulation and experiment results have proved the effectiveness of the decoupling capacitor C d when combating the parasitic phenomenon in the analog accumulator. The proposed modified accumulator is suitable for application in CMOS TDI image sensor with high stages.

A hybrid model is proposed which is a combination of MLRM (Multiple Linear Regression Model) and GM (Gray Prediction Model). The paper conducts a line loss rate forecast of the grid, and develops a kind of forecasting software for the line loss managers of grid enterprises to realize the analysis and forecast of factors which impact the daily loss line rate. Finally, do simulation examples with line loss rate data of a city using the software. The results demonstrate that the models selected in the software have good feasibility in line loss rate forecasting, and can overcome the adverse effects of factors on the model, improve the accuracy of prediction and provide the basis for the scientific and reasonable loss reduction plan.

Nowadays, Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) has become a key component of the world’s communications infrastructure. The significant improvement in high-speed electronics and optical components, and multi-level modulation formants and coherent receiver technology has enabled high rate data transmission. DWDM promises to increase the bandwidth per fiber as the bit rate and the number of wavelengths increase. According to ITU-T G.694.1, mostly used DWDM systems have been operating with 40, 80 and 120 wavelengths, and with advanced modulation schemes and coherent receiver technology along better dispersion management, a single wavelength in today’s world can able to transmit upto 100Gbps; thus total maximum bandwidth is an amazing 4Tbps, 8Tbps, and 12Tbps, respectively. However, today’s commercial systems have a fiber transmission requirement for around 10Tbps, and globally demand has been increasing about 35% to 45% per year. Hence, to meet this increasing demand transponders transmission rate must have to be increased. This paper reviews the progress and techniques used to increase wavelength throughput from 2.5Gbps to 100Gbps, and investigates the challenges to transmit data beyond 100Gbps in a single operational cycle.

De-duplication, which is a technology that can store data by removing redundant data, continues to receive a lot of attention. Because it reduces the storage required for writing tremendous data, as well as relatively lessens the transmission time and network utilization when data is transmitted. It is also required for the cyber blackbox which records network traffic and analyzes the causes of cyber incident over the network because the cyber blackbox should urgently address the storage issue to provide forensically robust acquisition of traffic. As an approach to the problem, we propose the EvidenceLock and our de-duplication method for continuously securing the storage to record the traffic. Next, the efficiency of the de-duplication module will be evaluated, and then the performance of the cyber blackbox when integrated with the de-duplication module will be measured. Finally, we'll discuss the results and present further works.

In this paper we introduce SNF, a framework that synthesizes (S) network function (NF) service chains by eliminating redundant I/O and repeated elements, while consolidating stateful cross layer packet operations across the chain. SNF uses graph composition and set theory to determine traffic classes handled by a service chain composed of multiple elements. It then synthesizes each traffic class using a minimal set of new elements that apply single-read-single-write and early-discard operations. Our SNF prototype takes a baseline state of the art network functions virtualization (NFV) framework to the level of performance required for practical NFV service deployments. Software-based SNF realizes long (up to 10 NFs) and stateful service chains that achieve line-rate 40 Gbps throughput (up to 8.5x greater than the baseline NFV framework). Hardware-assisted SNF, using a commodity OpenFlow switch, shows that our approach scales at 40 Gbps for Internet Service Provider-level NFV deployments. QC 20170626 European Union Horizon 2020 BEhavioural BAsed forwarding (BEBA) European Research Council (ERC) PROPHET

In this paper, we address the cost-optimized line-rate and modulation-format selection in survivable flexible bandwidth optical networks. Two different transponder configuration approaches are proposed to minimize network cost by employing the dedicated and shared optical transponders on working path and backup path.

The teeth affected by pathologic attrition can be restored by a minimally invasive approach, using Tizian overlays. In this study we prove the advantages of a fast swept source (SS) OCT system in the evaluation of Tizian overlays placed in an environment characterized by high occlusal forces. 12 maxillary first premolars were extracted and prepared for overlays. The Tizian overlays were subjected to 3000 alternating cycles of thermo-cycling (from -10°C to +50°C) and to mechanical occlusal overloads (at 800 N). A fast SS OCT system was used to evaluate the Tizian overlays before and after the mechanical and thermal straining. The SS (Axsun Technologies, Billerica, MA) has a central wavelength of 1060 nm, sweeping range of 106 nm (quoted at 10 dB) and a 100 kHz line rate. The depth resolution of the system, measured experimentally in air was 10 μm. The imaging system used for this study offers high spatial resolutions in both directions, transversal and longitudinal of around 10 μm, a high sensitivity, and it is also able to acquire entire tridimensional (3D)/volume reconstructions as fast as 2.5 s. Once the full dataset was acquired, rendered high resolutions en-face projections could be produced. Using them, the overlay (i.e., cement) abutment tooth interfaces were remarked both on B-scans/two-dimensional (2D) sections and in the 3D reconstructions. Using the system several open interfaces were possible to detect. The fast SS OCT system thus proves useful in the evaluation of zirconia reinforced composite overlays, placed in an environment characterized by high occlusal forces.

Using a frequency comb from a quantum-dash mode-locked laser-diode, we transmit a line rate of 8.32 Tbit/s (52×40 GBd PDM-QPSK). Isolated comb lines do not show an additional penalty compared to a high-quality ECL.

Signal-carrier PM-256QAM generation at record-breaking line rate of 256 Gb/s and its point-to-point transmission over 20-km SMF are experimentally demonstrated, which is enabled by using a fast-converging polarization-tracking equalizer with coordinated CMA and DD-LMS algorithm.

The author presents an original performance analysis of a multiple pulse position modulation (PPM) scheme using graded-index plastic optical fibre. The particular multiple PPM scheme considered here uses two pulses in a 12-slot frame to code six bits of PCM. The line rate of the system is twice that of the original PCM (1 Gbit/s). The detailed analysis presented here shows how the error performance is affected by various pulse detection errors when inter-symbol interference is present. The predicted sensitivity of the (12/2) multiple PPM scheme used is −35.51 dBm when the pulse dispersion is low, and −19.13 dBm at a bandwidth of 0.7 times the PCM data rate. It is also shown that the use of some 3-bit code-words in the multiple PPM scheme can help to reduce the effects of dispersion so that a hybrid 2/3 pulse scheme has a 3.61 dB advantage at low bandwidths.

The speedup of a switch is the factor by which the switch, and hence the memory used in the switch, runs faster compared to the line rate. In high-speed switches, line rates are already touching limits at which memory can operate. In this scenario, it is very important for a switch to run at as low a speedup as possible. In the past, it has been shown that 100% throughput can be achieved for any admissible traffic for an input queued (IQ) switch [IEEE Trans. Commun. 47 (8) (1999) 1260; The throughput of data switches with and without speedup, in: Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM’00, vol. 2, Tel Aviv, Israel, March 2000, pp. 556–564] at speedup 1. This gives finite average delays but does not guarantee control on packet delays. In [IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 17 (6) (1999) 1030], authors show that a combined input–output queued (CIOQ) switch can emulate perfectly an output queued (OQ) switch at a speedup of 2 and, thus, control the packet delays. This motivates the study of possibility of obtaining delay control at speedup less than 2. To guarantee optimal control of delays for a general class of traffic, as shown in [3], speedup 2 is necessary. Hence, to obtain control of delays at lower speedup, we need to restrict the class of arrival traffics. In this paper, we study the speedup requirement for a class of admissible traffic, which we will denote as (1 , nF)-regulated traffic, with parameters n and F .W e obtain the necessary speedup for this class of traffic. Further, we present a general class of algorithms working at the necessary speedups and providing bounded delays. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

We investigate the performance of Tbps transmissions using wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technologies based on the 40 Gbps line rate. To find the optimum conditions, the transmission performance is theoretically evaluated for various fiber types. To confirm modeling, the transmission performance is experimentally measured for TWF transmissions over 85 and 342 km. Bit error rates (BERs) and eye-diagrams have been calculated and measured to investigate the system performance. All the channels have characteristics of error free transmission. The calculated BERs and eye-diagrams have a good agreement with the experimental results.

The Sub-Line-Rate ONU Receiving scheme can decrease the ADC sampling rate and DSP complexity, and the experimental results proved the proposed scheme is feasible in 21Gbps −128QAM-IM/DD-OFDM-PON system over 50-km.

We demonstrate ten-channel wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) transmission of 56-Gbaud polarization-division-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying signals (i.e., at a line rate of 224 Gb/s) over 1890 km of fiber on a 100-GHz WDM grid (spectral efficiency of ~2 b/s/Hz). The coherent intradyne receiver digitizes the signal at 80 GSamples/s, and is followed by offline digital signal processing.

We investigate the performance of the forward-error correction (FEC) code for the 10-Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network (WDM PON) implemented by using reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers (RSOAs) with extremely limited modulation bandwidth and the electronic equalizers to compensate for the degradations resulting from the use of such RSOAs. We show that the error occurrences in this network strongly depend on the bit pattern and the burst errors are likely to occur. Thus, it is important to use the FEC code capable of correcting the burst errors such as Reed-Solomon (RS) code. In addition, since a significant penalty can be induced by the increased line rate resulting from the use of the FEC code, it is necessary to find the optimum redundancy required to minimize the bit-error rate. We also evaluate the tolerance to the chromatic dispersion of the proposed 10-Gb/s WDM PON implemented by using the RS code with the optimum redundancy.

The low latency and high throughput requirements of high-frequency trading has resulted in increasing adoption of dedicated hardware for processing financial feeds. Development of hardware platforms, however, is plagued with slow design/verification cycles compared to their software counterparts. In this work, we present FINPAGE, a FINancial PArser GEnerator, to automatically generate hardware structures for parsing financial feeds. Given a high-level feed format description, FINPAGE generates an area-efficient hardware parser capable of processing feeds at line rate.