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3. The Kelp Forest Challenge: A collaborative global movement to protect and restore 4 million hectares of kelp forests

Author

Eger, Aaron, Aguirre, J. David, Altamirano, María, Arafeh-Dalmau, Nur, Arroyo, Nina Larissa, Bauer-Civiello, Anne M., Beas-Luna, Rodrigo, Bekkby, Trine, Bellgrove, Alecia, Bennett, Scott, Bernal, Blanca, Blain, Caitlin O., Boada, Jordi, Branigan, Simon, Bursic, Jasmine, Cevallos, Bruno, Choi, ChangGeun, Connell, Sean D., Cornwall, Christopher Edward, Earp, Hannah Scarlett, Eddy, Norah, Ennis, Lee-Ann, Falace, Annalisa, Ferreira, Ana Margarida, Filbee-Dexter, Karen, Forbes, Hunter, Francis, Prue, Franco, Joao N., Geisler, Karen Gray, Giraldo-Ospina, Anita, Gonzalez, Alejandra V., Hingorani, Swati, Hohman, Rietta, Iveša, Ljiljana, Kaleb, Sara, Keane, John P., Koch, Sophie J. I., Krumhansl, Kira, Ladah, Lydia, Lafont, Dallas J., Layton, Cayne, Le, Duong Minh, Lee, Lynn Chi, Ling, Scott D., Lonhart, Steve I., Malpica-Cruz, Luis, Mangialajo, Luisa, McConnell, Amy, McHugh, Tristin Anoush, Micheli, Fiorenza, Miller, Kelsey Irene, Monserrat, Margalida, Montes-Herrera, Juan, Moreno, Bernabé, Neufeld, Christopher J., Orchard, Shane, Peabody, Betsy, Peleg, Ohad, Pessarrodona, Albert, Pocklington, Jacqueline B., Reeves, Simon E., Ricart, Aurora M., Ross, Finnley, Schanz, Federica Romina, Schreider, Maria, Sedarat, Mohammad, Smith, Shannen M., Starko, Samuel, Strain, Elisabeth M. A., Tamburello, Laura, Timmer, Brian, Toft, Jodie E., Uribe, Roberto A., van den Burg, Sander W. K., Vásquez, Julio A., Veenhof, Reina J., Wernberg, Thomas, Wood, Georgina, Zepeda-Domínguez, José Alberto, and Vergès, Adriana

Published
2024
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4. Correction to: The Kelp Forest Challenge: A collaborative global movement to protect and restore 4 million hectares of kelp forests

Author

Eger, Aaron, Aguirre, J. David, Altamirano, María, Arafeh‑Dalmau, Nur, Arroyo, Nina Larissa, Bauer‑Civiello, Anne M., Beas‑Luna, Rodrigo, Bekkby, Trine, Bellgrove, Alecia, Bennett, Scott, Bernal, Blanca, Blain, Caitlin O., Boada, Jordi, Branigan, Simon, Bursic, Jasmine, Cevallos, Bruno, Choi, ChangGeun, Connell, Sean D., Cornwall, Christopher Edward, Earp, Hannah Scarlett, Eddy, Norah, Ennis, Lee‑Ann, Falace, Annalisa, Ferreira, Ana Margarida, Filbee‑Dexter, Karen, Forbes, Hunter, Francis, Prue, Franco, Joao N., Geisler, Karen Gray, Giraldo‑Ospina, Anita, Gonzalez, Alejandra V., Hingorani, Swati, Hohman, Rietta, Iveša, Ljiljana, Kaleb, Sara, Keane, John P., Koch, Sophie J. I., Krumhansl, Kira, Ladah, Lydia, Lafont, Dallas J., Layton, Cayne, Le, Duong Minh, Lee, Lynn Chi, Ling, Scott D., Lonhart, Steve I., Malpica‑Cruz, Luis, Mangialajo, Luisa, McConnell, Amy, McHugh, Tristin Anoush, Micheli, Fiorenza, Miller, Kelsey Irene, Monserrat, Margalida, Montes‑Herrera, Juan, Moreno, Bernabé, Neufeld, Christopher J., Orchard, Shane, Peabody, Betsy, Peleg, Ohad, Pessarrodona, Albert, Pocklington, Jacqueline B., Reeves, Simon E., Ricart, Aurora M., Ross, Finnley, Schanz, Federica Romina, Schreider, Maria, Sedarat, Mohammad, Smith, Shannen M., Starko, Samuel, Strain, Elisabeth M. A., Tamburello, Laura, Timmer, Brian, Toft, Jodie E., Uribe, Roberto A., van den Burg, Sander W. K., Vásquez, Julio A., Veenhof, Reina J., Wernberg, Thomas, Wood, Georgina, Zepeda‑Dominguez, José Alberto, and Vergès, Adriana

Published
2024
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5. Overcome imposter syndrome: Contribute to working groups and build strong networks

Author

Bates, Amanda E., Davies, Megan A., Stuart-Smith, Rick D., Lazzari, Natali, Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Ling, Scott D., Mellin, Camille, Mouillot, David, Bernard, Anthony T.F., Bennett, Scott, Brown, Christopher J., Burrows, Michael T., Butler, Claire L., Cinner, Joshua, Clausius, Ella, Cooper, Antonia, Costello, Mark John, Denis-Roy, Lara, Edgar, Graham J., Fuchs, Yann Herrera, Johnson, Olivia J., Gordó-Vilaseca, Cesc, Hautecoeur, Cyril, Harper, Leah M., Heather, Freddie J., Jones, Tyson R., Markey, Anthony C., Oh, Elizabeth, Rose, Matthew, Ruiz-Ruiz, Paula A., Sanabria-Fernandez, Jose A., Schuster, Jasmin M., Schmid, Joanna K., and Baker, Susan C.

Published
2024
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6. Continent-wide declines in shallow reef life over a decade of ocean warming

Author

Edgar, Graham J., Stuart-Smith, Rick D., Heather, Freddie J., Barrett, Neville S., Turak, Emre, Sweatman, Hugh, Emslie, Michael J., Brock, Danny J., Hicks, Jamie, French, Ben, Baker, Susan C., Howe, Steffan A., Jordan, Alan, Knott, Nathan A., Mooney, Peter, Cooper, Antonia T., Oh, Elizabeth S., Soler, German A., Mellin, Camille, Ling, Scott D., Dunic, Jillian C., Turnbull, John W., Day, Paul B., Larkin, Meryl F., Seroussi, Yanir, Stuart-Smith, Jemina, Clausius, Ella, Davis, Tom R., Shields, Joe, Shields, Derek, Johnson, Olivia J., Fuchs, Yann Herrera, Denis-Roy, Lara, Jones, Tyson, and Bates, Amanda E.

Published
2023
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9. Poleward bound: adapting to climate-driven species redistribution

Author

Melbourne-Thomas, Jess, Audzijonyte, Asta, Brasier, Madeleine J., Cresswell, Katherine A., Fogarty, Hannah E., Haward, Marcus, Hobday, Alistair J., Hunt, Heather L., Ling, Scott D., McCormack, Phillipa C., Mustonen, Tero, Mustonen, Kaisu, Nye, Janet A., Oellermann, Michael, Trebilco, Rowan, van Putten, Ingrid, Villanueva, Cecilia, Watson, Reg A., and Pecl, Gretta T.

Published
2022
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10. Global patterns of kelp forest change over the past half-century

Author

Krumhansl, Kira A, Okamoto, Daniel K, Rassweiler, Andrew, Novak, Mark, Bolton, John J, Cavanaugh, Kyle C, Connell, Sean D, Johnson, Craig R, Konar, Brenda, Ling, Scott D, Micheli, Fiorenza, Norderhaug, Kjell M, Pérez-Matus, Alejandro, Sousa-Pinto, Isabel, Reed, Daniel C, Salomon, Anne K, Shears, Nick T, Wernberg, Thomas, Anderson, Robert J, Barrett, Nevell S, Buschmann, Alejandro H, Carr, Mark H, Caselle, Jennifer E, Derrien-Courtel, Sandrine, Edgar, Graham J, Edwards, Matt, Estes, James A, Goodwin, Claire, Kenner, Michael C, Kushner, David J, Moy, Frithjof E, Nunn, Julia, Steneck, Robert S, Vásquez, Julio, Watson, Jane, Witman, Jon D, and Byrnes, Jarrett EK

Subjects
Life on Land, Arctic Regions, Climate Change, Ecosystem, Forests, Kelp, Oceans and Seas, kelp forest, Laminariales, global change, climate change, coastal ecosystems
Abstract

Kelp forests (Order Laminariales) form key biogenic habitats in coastal regions of temperate and Arctic seas worldwide, providing ecosystem services valued in the range of billions of dollars annually. Although local evidence suggests that kelp forests are increasingly threatened by a variety of stressors, no comprehensive global analysis of change in kelp abundances currently exists. Here, we build and analyze a global database of kelp time series spanning the past half-century to assess regional and global trends in kelp abundances. We detected a high degree of geographic variation in trends, with regional variability in the direction and magnitude of change far exceeding a small global average decline (instantaneous rate of change = -0.018 y-1). Our analysis identified declines in 38% of ecoregions for which there are data (-0.015 to -0.18 y-1), increases in 27% of ecoregions (0.015 to 0.11 y-1), and no detectable change in 35% of ecoregions. These spatially variable trajectories reflected regional differences in the drivers of change, uncertainty in some regions owing to poor spatial and temporal data coverage, and the dynamic nature of kelp populations. We conclude that although global drivers could be affecting kelp forests at multiple scales, local stressors and regional variation in the effects of these drivers dominate kelp dynamics, in contrast to many other marine and terrestrial foundation species.

Published
2016

18. The Kelp Forest Challenge: A collaborative global movement to protect and restore 4 million hectares of kelp forests

Author

Eger, Aaron Matthius, primary, Aguirre, J. David, additional, Altamirano, María, additional, Arafeh-Dalmau, Nur, additional, Arroyo, Nina Larissa, additional, Bauer-Civiello, Anne M., additional, Beas-Luna, Rodrigo, additional, Bekkby, Trine, additional, Bennett, Scott, additional, Bernal, Blanca, additional, Blain, Caitlin O., additional, Boada, Jordi, additional, Branigan, Simon, additional, Bursic, Jasmine, additional, Cevallos, Bruno, additional, Choi, ChangGeun, additional, Connell, Sean D., additional, Edward, Christopher, additional, Earp, Hannah Scarlett, additional, Eddy, Norah, additional, Matthius, Aaron, additional, Ennis, Lee-Ann, additional, Falace, Annalisa, additional, Ferreira, Ana Margarida, additional, Filbee-Dexter, Karen, additional, Forbes, Hunter, additional, Francis, Prue, additional, Franco, Joao N., additional, Geisler, Karen Gray, additional, Giraldo-Ospina, Anita, additional, Gonzalez, Alejandra V., additional, Hingorani, Swati, additional, Hohman, Rietta, additional, Iveša, Ljiljana, additional, Kaleb, Sara, additional, Keane, John P., additional, Koch, Sophie J. I., additional, Krumhansl, Kira, additional, Ladah, Lydia, additional, Lafont, Dallas J., additional, Layton, Cayne, additional, Le, Duong Minh, additional, Lee, Lynn Chi, additional, Ling, Scott D., additional, Lonhart, Steve I., additional, Malpica-Cruz, Luis, additional, Mangialajo, Luisa, additional, McConnell, Amy, additional, McHugh, Tristin Anoush, additional, Micheli, Fiorenza, additional, Miller, Kelsey Irene, additional, Monserrat, Margalida, additional, Montes-Herrera, Juan, additional, Moreno, Bernabé, additional, Neufeld, Christopher J., additional, Orchard, Shane, additional, Peabody, Betsy, additional, Peleg, Ohad, additional, Pessarrodona, Albert, additional, Pocklington, Jacqueline B., additional, Reeves, Simon E., additional, Ricart, Aurora M., additional, Ross, Finnley, additional, Schanz, Federica Romina, additional, Schreider, Maria, additional, Sedarat, Mohammad, additional, Smith, Shannen M., additional, Starko, Samuel, additional, Strain, Elisabeth M. A., additional, Tamburello, Laura, additional, Timmer, Brian, additional, Toft, Jodie E., additional, Uribe, Roberto A., additional, van den Burg, Sander W. K., additional, Vásquez, Julio A., additional, Veenhof, Reina J., additional, Wernberg, Thomas, additional, Wood, Georgina, additional, Zepeda-Domínguez, José Alberto, additional, and Vergès, Adriana, additional

Published
2023
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20. Corrigendum : Assessing National Biodiversity Trends for Rocky and Coral Reefs through the Integration of Citizen Science and Scientific Monitoring Programs

Author

STUART-SMITH, RICK D., EDGAR, GRAHAM J., BARRETT, NEVILLE S., BATES, AMANDA E., BAKER, SUSAN C., BAX, NICHOLAS J., BECERRO, MIKEL A., BERKHOUT, JUST, BLANCHARD, JULIA L., BROCK, DANIEL J., CLARK, GRAEME F., COOPER, ANTONIA T., DAVIS, TOM R., DAY, PAUL B., DUFFY, J. EMMETT, HOLMES, THOMAS H., HOWE, STEFFAN A., JORDAN, ALAN, KININMONTH, STUART, KNOTT, NATHAN A., LEFCHECK, JONATHAN S., LING, SCOTT D., PARR, AMANDA, STRAIN, ELISABETH, SWEATMAN, HUGH, and THOMSON, RUSSELL

Published
2017

21. Assessing National Biodiversity Trends for Rocky and Coral Reefs through the Integration of Citizen Science and Scientific Monitoring Programs

Author

STUART-SMITH, RICK D., EDGAR, GRAHAM J., BARRETT, NEVILLE S., BATES, AMANDA E., BAKER, SUSAN C., BAX, NICHOLAS J., BECERRO, MIKEL A., BERKHOUT, JUST, BLANCHARD, JULIA L., BROCK, DANIEL J., CLARK, GRAEME F., COOPER, ANTONIA T., DAVIS, TOM R., DAY, PAUL B., DUFFY, J. EMMETT, HOLMES, THOMAS H., HOWE, STEFFAN A., JORDAN, ALAN, KININMONTH, STUART, KNOTT, NATHAN A., LEFCHECK, JONATHAN S., LING, SCOTT D., PARR, AMANDA, STRAIN, ELISABETH, SWEATMAN, HUGH, and THOMSON, RUSSELL

Published
2017

24. The Kelp Forest Challenge : A collaborative global movement to protect and restore 4 million hectares of kelp forests

Author

Eger, Aaron Matthius, Aguirre, David, Altamirano, María, Arafeh-Dalmau, Nur, Arroyo, Nina Larissa, Bauer-Civiello, Anne M., Beas-Luna, Rodrigo, Bekkby, Trine, Bennett, Scott, Bernal, Blanca, Blain, Caitlin O., Boada, Jordi, Branigan, Simon, Bursic, Jasmine, Cevallos, Bruno, Choi, Chang Geun, Connell, Sean D., Edward, Christopher, Earp, Hannah Scarlett, Eddy, Norah, Matthius, Aaron, Ennis, Lee Ann, Falace, Annalisa, Ferreira, Ana Margarida, Filbee-Dexter, Karen, Forbes, Hunter, Francis, Prue, Franco, Joao N., Geisler, Karen Gray, Giraldo-Ospina, Anita, Gonzalez, Alejandra V., Hingorani, Swati, Hohman, Rietta, Iveša, Ljiljana, Kaleb, Sara, Keane, John P., Koch, Sophie J.I., Krumhansl, Kira, Ladah, Lydia, Lafont, Dallas J., Layton, Cayne, Le, Duong Minh, Lee, Lynn Chi, Ling, Scott D., Lonhart, Steve I., Malpica-Cruz, Luis, Mangialajo, Luisa, McConnell, Amy, McHugh, Tristin Anoush, Micheli, Fiorenza, Miller, Kelsey Irene, Monserrat, Margalida, Montes-Herrera, Juan, Moreno, Bernabé, Neufeld, Christopher J., Orchard, Shane, Peabody, Betsy, Peleg, Ohad, Pessarrodona, Albert, Pocklington, Jacqueline B., Reeves, Simon E., Ricart, Aurora M., Ross, Finnley, Schanz, Federica Romina, Schreider, Maria, Sedarat, Mohammad, Smith, Shannen M., Starko, Samuel, Strain, Elisabeth M.A., Tamburello, Laura, Timmer, Brian, Toft, Jodie E., Uribe, Roberto A., van den Burg, Sander W.K., Vásquez, Julio A., Veenhof, Reina J., Wernberg, Thomas, Wood, Georgina, Zepeda-Domínguez, José Alberto, Vergès, Adriana, Eger, Aaron Matthius, Aguirre, David, Altamirano, María, Arafeh-Dalmau, Nur, Arroyo, Nina Larissa, Bauer-Civiello, Anne M., Beas-Luna, Rodrigo, Bekkby, Trine, Bennett, Scott, Bernal, Blanca, Blain, Caitlin O., Boada, Jordi, Branigan, Simon, Bursic, Jasmine, Cevallos, Bruno, Choi, Chang Geun, Connell, Sean D., Edward, Christopher, Earp, Hannah Scarlett, Eddy, Norah, Matthius, Aaron, Ennis, Lee Ann, Falace, Annalisa, Ferreira, Ana Margarida, Filbee-Dexter, Karen, Forbes, Hunter, Francis, Prue, Franco, Joao N., Geisler, Karen Gray, Giraldo-Ospina, Anita, Gonzalez, Alejandra V., Hingorani, Swati, Hohman, Rietta, Iveša, Ljiljana, Kaleb, Sara, Keane, John P., Koch, Sophie J.I., Krumhansl, Kira, Ladah, Lydia, Lafont, Dallas J., Layton, Cayne, Le, Duong Minh, Lee, Lynn Chi, Ling, Scott D., Lonhart, Steve I., Malpica-Cruz, Luis, Mangialajo, Luisa, McConnell, Amy, McHugh, Tristin Anoush, Micheli, Fiorenza, Miller, Kelsey Irene, Monserrat, Margalida, Montes-Herrera, Juan, Moreno, Bernabé, Neufeld, Christopher J., Orchard, Shane, Peabody, Betsy, Peleg, Ohad, Pessarrodona, Albert, Pocklington, Jacqueline B., Reeves, Simon E., Ricart, Aurora M., Ross, Finnley, Schanz, Federica Romina, Schreider, Maria, Sedarat, Mohammad, Smith, Shannen M., Starko, Samuel, Strain, Elisabeth M.A., Tamburello, Laura, Timmer, Brian, Toft, Jodie E., Uribe, Roberto A., van den Burg, Sander W.K., Vásquez, Julio A., Veenhof, Reina J., Wernberg, Thomas, Wood, Georgina, Zepeda-Domínguez, José Alberto, and Vergès, Adriana

Abstract

Marine kelp forests cover 1/3 of our world's coastlines, are heralded as a nature-based solution to address socio-environmental issues, connect hundreds of millions of people with the ocean, and support a rich web of biodiversity throughout our oceans. But they are increasingly threatened with some areas reporting over 90% declines in kelp forest cover in living memory. Despite their importance and the threats they face, kelp forests are entirely absent from the international conservation dialogue. No international laws, policies, or targets focus on kelp forests and very few countries consider them in their national policy. The Kelp Forest Challenge addresses that gap. Together with 252 kelp experts, professionals, and citizens from 25 countries, the Kelp Forest Challenge was developed as a grassroots vision of what the world can achieve for kelp forest conservation. It is a global call to restore 1 million and protect 3 million hectares of kelp forests by 2040. This is a monumental challenge, that will require coordination across multiple levels of society and the mobilization of immense resources. Pledges may therefore include area for protection or restoration, enabling pledges which assist in conservation (funding, equipment, professional expertise, capacity building), or awareness-based pledges which increase awareness or education about kelp forests. Correspondingly, participants may be from government, scientific institutions, private sector, NGOs, community groups, or individuals. This challenge is the beginning of a 17-year mission to save our kelp forests and anyone and any organisation is invited to participate.

Published
2023

25. The Kelp Forest Challenge: A collaborative global movement to protect and restore 4 million hectares of kelp forests

Author

Arroyo, Nina Larissa [0000-0003-1502-1245], Boada, Jordi [0000-0002-3815-625X], Ricart, Aurora M. [0000-0001-7769-1661], Eger, Aaron Matthius, Aguirre, J. David, Altamirano, María, Arafeh-Dalmau, Nur, Arroyo, Nina Larissa, Bauer-Civiello, Anne M., Beas-Luna, Rodrigo, Bekkby, Trine, Bennett, Scott, Bernal, Blanca, Blain, Caitlin O., Boada, Jordi, Branigan, Simon, Bursic, Jasmine, Cevallos, Bruno, Choi, Chang Geun, Connell, Sean D., Edward, Christopher, Earp, Hannah Scarlett, Eddy, Norah, Matthius, Aaron, Ennis, Lee Ann, Falace, Annalisa, Ferreira, Ana Margarida, Filbee-Dexter, Karen, Forbes, Hunter, Francis, Prue, Franco, Joao N., Geisler, Karen Gray, Giraldo-Ospina, Anita, Gonzalez, Alejandra V., Hingorani, Swati, Hohman, Rietta, Iveša, Ljiljana, Kaleb, Sara, Keane, John P., Koch, Sophie J.I., Krumhansl, Kira, Ladah, Lydia, Lafont, Dallas J., Layton, Cayne, Le, Duong Minh, Lee, Lynn Chi, Ling, Scott D., Lonhart, Steve I., Malpica-Cruz, Luis, Mangialajo, Luisa, McConnell, Amy, McHugh, Tristin Anoush, Micheli, Fiorenza, Miller, Kelsey Irene, Monserrat, Margalida, Montes-Herrera, Juan, Moreno, Bernabé, Neufeld, Christopher J., Orchard, Shane, Peabody, Betsy, Peleg, Ohad, Pessarrodona, Albert, Pocklington, Jacqueline B., Reeves, Simon E., Ricart, Aurora M., Ross, Finnley, Schanz, Federica Romina, Schreider, Maria, Sedarat, Mohammad, Smith, Shannen M., Starko, Samuel, Strain, Elisabeth M.A., Tamburello, Laura, Timmer, Brian, Toft, Jodie E., Uribe, Roberto A., van den Burg, Sander W.K., Vásquez, Julio A., Veenhof, Reina J., Wernberg, Thomas, Wood, Georgina, Zepeda-Domínguez, José Alberto, Vergès, Adriana, Arroyo, Nina Larissa [0000-0003-1502-1245], Boada, Jordi [0000-0002-3815-625X], Ricart, Aurora M. [0000-0001-7769-1661], Eger, Aaron Matthius, Aguirre, J. David, Altamirano, María, Arafeh-Dalmau, Nur, Arroyo, Nina Larissa, Bauer-Civiello, Anne M., Beas-Luna, Rodrigo, Bekkby, Trine, Bennett, Scott, Bernal, Blanca, Blain, Caitlin O., Boada, Jordi, Branigan, Simon, Bursic, Jasmine, Cevallos, Bruno, Choi, Chang Geun, Connell, Sean D., Edward, Christopher, Earp, Hannah Scarlett, Eddy, Norah, Matthius, Aaron, Ennis, Lee Ann, Falace, Annalisa, Ferreira, Ana Margarida, Filbee-Dexter, Karen, Forbes, Hunter, Francis, Prue, Franco, Joao N., Geisler, Karen Gray, Giraldo-Ospina, Anita, Gonzalez, Alejandra V., Hingorani, Swati, Hohman, Rietta, Iveša, Ljiljana, Kaleb, Sara, Keane, John P., Koch, Sophie J.I., Krumhansl, Kira, Ladah, Lydia, Lafont, Dallas J., Layton, Cayne, Le, Duong Minh, Lee, Lynn Chi, Ling, Scott D., Lonhart, Steve I., Malpica-Cruz, Luis, Mangialajo, Luisa, McConnell, Amy, McHugh, Tristin Anoush, Micheli, Fiorenza, Miller, Kelsey Irene, Monserrat, Margalida, Montes-Herrera, Juan, Moreno, Bernabé, Neufeld, Christopher J., Orchard, Shane, Peabody, Betsy, Peleg, Ohad, Pessarrodona, Albert, Pocklington, Jacqueline B., Reeves, Simon E., Ricart, Aurora M., Ross, Finnley, Schanz, Federica Romina, Schreider, Maria, Sedarat, Mohammad, Smith, Shannen M., Starko, Samuel, Strain, Elisabeth M.A., Tamburello, Laura, Timmer, Brian, Toft, Jodie E., Uribe, Roberto A., van den Burg, Sander W.K., Vásquez, Julio A., Veenhof, Reina J., Wernberg, Thomas, Wood, Georgina, Zepeda-Domínguez, José Alberto, and Vergès, Adriana

Abstract

Marine kelp forests cover 1/3 of our world's coastlines, are heralded as a nature-based solution to address socio-environmental issues, connect hundreds of millions of people with the ocean, and support a rich web of biodiversity throughout our oceans. But they are increasingly threatened with some areas reporting over 90% declines in kelp forest cover in living memory. Despite their importance and the threats they face, kelp forests are entirely absent from the international conservation dialogue. No international laws, policies, or targets focus on kelp forests and very few countries consider them in their national policy. The Kelp Forest Challenge addresses that gap. Together with 252 kelp experts, professionals, and citizens from 25 countries, the Kelp Forest Challenge was developed as a grassroots vision of what the world can achieve for kelp forest conservation. It is a global call to restore 1 million and protect 3 million hectares of kelp forests by 2040. This is a monumental challenge, that will require coordination across multiple levels of society and the mobilization of immense resources. Pledges may therefore include area for protection or restoration, enabling pledges which assist in conservation (funding, equipment, professional expertise, capacity building), or awareness-based pledges which increase awareness or education about kelp forests. Correspondingly, participants may be from government, scientific institutions, private sector, NGOs, community groups, or individuals. This challenge is the beginning of a 17-year mission to save our kelp forests and anyone and any organisation is invited to participate.

Published
2023

26. From Tasmania to the world: long and strong traditions in seaweed use, research, and development

Author

Hurd, Catriona L., primary, Wright, Jeffrey T., additional, Layton, Cayne, additional, Strain, Elisabeth M. A., additional, Britton, Damon, additional, Visch, Wouter, additional, Barrett, Neville, additional, Bennett, Scott, additional, Chang, Kim Jye Lee, additional, Edgar, Graham, additional, Fitton, J. Helen, additional, Greeno, Dean, additional, Jameson, Ian, additional, Johnson, Craig R., additional, Karpiniec, Sam S., additional, Kraft, Gerald T., additional, Ling, Scott D., additional, Macleod, Catriona M., additional, Paine, Ellie R., additional, Park, Ahyoung, additional, Sanderson, J. Craig, additional, Schmid, Matthias, additional, Scott, Fiona J., additional, Shelamoff, Victor, additional, Stringer, Damien N., additional, Tatsumi, Masayuki, additional, White, Camille A., additional, and Willis, Anusuya, additional

Published
2023
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28. Tracking widespread climate-driven change on temperate and tropical reefs

Author

Stuart-Smith, Rick D., primary, Edgar, Graham J., additional, Clausius, Ella, additional, Oh, Elizabeth S., additional, Barrett, Neville S., additional, Emslie, Michael J., additional, Bates, Amanda E., additional, Bax, Nic, additional, Brock, Daniel, additional, Cooper, Antonia, additional, Davis, Tom R., additional, Day, Paul B., additional, Dunic, Jillian C., additional, Green, Andrew, additional, Hasweera, Norfaizny, additional, Hicks, Jamie, additional, Holmes, Thomas H., additional, Jones, Ben, additional, Jordan, Alan, additional, Knott, Nathan, additional, Larkin, Meryl F., additional, Ling, Scott D., additional, Mooney, Peter, additional, Pocklington, Jacqueline B., additional, Seroussi, Yanir, additional, Shaw, Ian, additional, Shields, Derek, additional, Smith, Margo, additional, Soler, German A., additional, Stuart-Smith, Jemina, additional, Turak, Emre, additional, Turnbull, John W., additional, and Mellin, Camille, additional

Published
2022
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29. Kelp Forest Restoration in Action (Methods)

Author

Aaron, Eger, Ling, Scott D., Anoush, Mchugh, Karen, Filbee-dexter, Jeong Ha Kim, Ezequiel, Marzinelli, Jan, Verbeek, Kendall, Barbery, Karen Geisler Gray, Falace, Annalisa, Eger, Aaron, Ling, Scott D., Mchugh, Anoush, Filbee-dexter, Karen, Ha Kim, Jeong, Marzinelli, Ezequiel, Verbeek, Jan, Barbery, Kendall, Geisler Gray, Karen, and Falace, Annalisa

Subjects
restoration, kelp
Abstract

In this chapter we describe the approaches available for kelp restoration and emphasizethat you will need to consider the best suited approach(es) for your particular project (Fig. 5.1).The selected methodology will depend on the expertise of your group, project budget, thestressors present, environmental conditions, and whether kelp can return naturally or needsre-introduction

Published
2022

33. Knowledge Gaps in the Biology, Ecology, and Management of the Pacific Crown-of-Thorns Sea StarAcanthastersp. on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef

Author

Pratchett, Morgan S., primary, Caballes, Ciemon F., additional, Cvitanovic, Christopher, additional, Raymundo, Maia L., additional, Babcock, Russell C., additional, Bonin, Mary C., additional, Bozec, Yves-Marie, additional, Burn, Deborah, additional, Byrne, Maria, additional, Castro-Sanguino, Carolina, additional, Chen, Carla C. M., additional, Condie, Scott A., additional, Cowan, Zara-Louise, additional, Deaker, Dione J., additional, Desbiens, Amelia, additional, Devantier, Lyndon M., additional, Doherty, Peter J., additional, Doll, Peter C., additional, Doyle, Jason R., additional, Dworjanyn, Symon A., additional, Fabricius, Katharina E., additional, Haywood, Michael D. E., additional, Hock, Karlo, additional, Hoggett, Anne K., additional, Høj, Lone, additional, Keesing, John K., additional, Kenchington, Richard A., additional, Lang, Bethan J., additional, Ling, Scott D., additional, Matthews, Samuel A., additional, McCallum, Hamish I., additional, Mellin, Camille, additional, Mos, Benjamin, additional, Motti, Cherie A., additional, Mumby, Peter J., additional, Stump, Richard J. W., additional, Uthicke, Sven, additional, Vail, Lyle, additional, Wolfe, Kennedy, additional, and Wilson, Shaun K., additional

Published
2021
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34. Poleward bound: adapting to climate-driven species redistribution

Author

Melbourne-Thomas, Jess, primary, Audzijonyte, Asta, additional, Brasier, Madeleine J., additional, Cresswell, Katherine A., additional, Fogarty, Hannah E., additional, Haward, Marcus, additional, Hobday, Alistair J., additional, Hunt, Heather L., additional, Ling, Scott D., additional, McCormack, Phillipa C., additional, Mustonen, Tero, additional, Mustonen, Kaisu, additional, Nye, Janet A., additional, Oellermann, Michael, additional, Trebilco, Rowan, additional, van Putten, Ingrid, additional, Villanueva, Cecilia, additional, Watson, Reg A., additional, and Pecl, Gretta T., additional

Published
2021
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35. Reef Life Survey: Establishing the ecological basis for conservation of shallow marine life

Author

Edgar, Graham J., Cooper, Antonia T., Baker, Susan C., Barker, William, Barrett, Neville S., Becerro, Mikel, Bates, Amanda E., Brock, Daniel J., Ceccarelli, Daniela M., Clausius, Ella, Davey, Marlene, Davis, Tom R., Day, Paul B., Green, Andrew, Griffiths, Samuel R., Hicks, Jamie, Hinojosa, Iván A., Jones, Ben K., Kininmonth, Stuart J., Larkin, Meryl F., Lazzari, Natali, Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Ling, Scott D., Mooney, Peter, Oh, Elizabeth, Pérez-Matus, A., Pocklington, Jacqueline B., Riera, Rodrigo, Sanabria Fernández, José Antonio, Seroussi, Yanir, Shaw, Ian, Shields, Derek, Shields, Joe, Smith, Margo, Soler, German, Stuart-Smith, Jemina F., Turnbull, John, and Stuart-Smith, Rick D.

Subjects
Coral reefs, Marine protected area, Climate change, Effects of fishing, Citizen science, Sea snake
Abstract

Este artículo contiene 14 páginas, 7 figuras., Reef Life Survey (RLS) provides a new model for ecological monitoring through training experienced recreational divers in underwater visual census methods to the level of skilled scientists. Detail produced is similar to that of programs with professional scientific teams, at low cost to allow global coverage. RLS differs from most other citizen science initiatives in its emphasis on rigorous training and data quality rather than open participation, selectively involving the most skilled and committed members. Volunteers participate primarily because they appreciate the close relationship with scientists, other divers, and managers, and see their efforts directly contributing to improved environmental outcomes. RLS works closely with Australian management agencies, scheduling annual events at core monitoring sites associated with 10 inshore marine protected areas Australiawide. Surveys of 12 offshore Australian Marine Parks (AMPs) are realized through 2–4 week voyages in a sailing catamaran crewed by volunteers. Across the AMP network, RLS surveys have quantified densities of fishes, mobile invertebrates, macroalgae and corals at 350 shallow coral reef sites (180 sites surveyed on two or more occasions), providing an understanding of (i) population changes amongst threatened species including sea snakes, (ii) responses of fish and invertebrate populations following fisheries closures, (iii) ecosystem-wide impacts of marine heat-waves, and (iv) the extent that AMPs spanning the network comprehensively encompass national coral reef biodiversity. This scientist/volunteer/manager collaboration could be greatly expanded globally (presently 3537 sites in 53 countries)., Reef Life Survey Foundation has been sustained through grants from the Ian Potter Foundation and Minderoo Foundation, reporting contracts from Parks Australia, and administrative and analytical support from the University of Tasmania. The RLS program was established through a grant to GJE through the former Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities Program. Analyses were supported by the Australian Research Council and the Marine Biodiversity Hub, a collaborative partnership supported through the Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Program. Additional advice and assistance have been provided by the Department for Environment and Water (South Australia), Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (Tasmania), Department of Primary Industries (New South Wales), Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions (Western Australia), and Parks Victoria. Data management and distribution is supported through the Integrated Marine Observing System.

Published
2020

36. Establishing the ecological basis for conservation of shallow marine life using Reef Life Survey

Author

Edgar, Graham J., primary, Cooper, Antonia, additional, Baker, Susan C., additional, Barker, William, additional, Barrett, Neville S., additional, Becerro, Mikel A., additional, Bates, Amanda E., additional, Brock, Danny, additional, Ceccarelli, Daniela M., additional, Clausius, Ella, additional, Davey, Marlene, additional, Davis, Tom R., additional, Day, Paul B., additional, Green, Andrew, additional, Griffiths, Samuel R., additional, Hicks, Jamie, additional, Hinojosa, Iván A., additional, Jones, Ben K., additional, Kininmonth, Stuart, additional, Larkin, Meryl F., additional, Lazzari, Natali, additional, Lefcheck, Jonathan S., additional, Ling, Scott D., additional, Mooney, Peter, additional, Oh, Elizabeth, additional, Pérez-Matus, Alejandro, additional, Pocklington, Jacqueline B., additional, Riera, Rodrigo, additional, Sanabria-Fernandez, Jose A., additional, Seroussi, Yanir, additional, Shaw, Ian, additional, Shields, Derek, additional, Shields, Joe, additional, Smith, Margo, additional, Soler, German A., additional, Stuart-Smith, Jemina, additional, Turnbull, John, additional, and Stuart-Smith, Rick D., additional

Published
2020
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37. Poleward Bound: Adapting to climate-driven species redistribution

Author

Melbourne-Thomas, Jess, primary, Audzijonyte, Asta, additional, Brasier, Madeleine J, additional, Cresswell, Katie, additional, Fogarty, Hannah E, additional, Haward, Marcus, additional, Hobday, Alistair J, additional, Hunt, Heather L, additional, Ling, Scott D, additional, Mccormack, Phillipa C, additional, Mustonen, Tero, additional, Mustonen, Kaisu, additional, Nye, Janet, additional, Oellermann, Michael, additional, Trebilco, Rowan, additional, Putten, Ingrid Van, additional, Villanueva, Cecilia, additional, Watson, Reg, additional, and Pecl, Gretta T, additional

Published
2020
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42. Research priorities for natural ecosystems in a changing global climate.

Author

Williams, Stephen E., Hobday, Alistair J., Falconi, Lorena, Hero, Jean‐Marc, Holbrook, Neil J., Capon, Samantha, Bond, Nick R., Ling, Scott D., and Hughes, Lesley

Abstract

Climate change poses significant emerging risks to biodiversity, ecosystem function and associated socioecological systems. Adaptation responses must be initiated in parallel with mitigation efforts, but resources are limited. As climate risks are not distributed equally across taxa, ecosystems and processes, strategic prioritization of research that addresses stakeholder‐relevant knowledge gaps will accelerate effective uptake into adaptation policy and management action. After a decade of climate change adaptation research within the Australian National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, we synthesize the National Adaptation Research Plans for marine, terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. We identify the key, globally relevant priorities for ongoing research relevant to informing adaptation policy and environmental management aimed at maximizing the resilience of natural ecosystems to climate change. Informed by both global literature and an extensive stakeholder consultation across all ecosystems, sectors and regions in Australia, involving thousands of participants, we suggest 18 priority research topics based on their significance, urgency, technical and economic feasibility, existing knowledge gaps and potential for cobenefits across multiple sectors. These research priorities provide a unified guide for policymakers, funding organizations and researchers to strategically direct resources, maximize stakeholder uptake of resulting knowledge and minimize the impacts of climate change on natural ecosystems. Given the pace of climate change, it is imperative that we inform and accelerate adaptation progress in all regions around the world.The capacity to make informed decisions about environmental policy and management in a changing climate relies on monitoring data, scientific analysis, strategic prioritization of new research, and the effective synthesis and communication of technical resources and knowledge. Here we identify the most important research required to address stakeholder‐relevant knowledge gaps that will increase their capacity to make the best decisions possible to minimize the impacts of climate change on natural ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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44. Assessing national biodiversity trends for rocky and coral reefs through the integration of citizen science and scientific monitoring programs

Author

Australian Research Council, Ian Potter Foundation, Stuart-Smith, Rick D., Edgar, Graham J., Barrett, Neville S., Bates, Amanda E., Baker, Susan C., Bax, Nicholas J., Becerro, Mikel, Berkhout, Just, Blanchard, Julia L., Brock, Daniel J., Clark, Graeme F, Cooper, Antonia T., Davis, Tom R., Day, Paul B., Duffy, J. Emmett, Holmes, Thomas H., Howe, Steffan A., Jordan, Alan, Kininmonth, Stuart J., Knott, Nathan A., Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Ling, Scott D., Parr, Amanda, Strain, Elisabeth M. A., Sweatman, Hugh, Thomson, Russell J., Australian Research Council, Ian Potter Foundation, Stuart-Smith, Rick D., Edgar, Graham J., Barrett, Neville S., Bates, Amanda E., Baker, Susan C., Bax, Nicholas J., Becerro, Mikel, Berkhout, Just, Blanchard, Julia L., Brock, Daniel J., Clark, Graeme F, Cooper, Antonia T., Davis, Tom R., Day, Paul B., Duffy, J. Emmett, Holmes, Thomas H., Howe, Steffan A., Jordan, Alan, Kininmonth, Stuart J., Knott, Nathan A., Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Ling, Scott D., Parr, Amanda, Strain, Elisabeth M. A., Sweatman, Hugh, and Thomson, Russell J.

Abstract

Reporting progress against targets for international biodiversity agreements is hindered by a shortage of suitable biodiversity data. We describe a cost-effective system involving Reef Life Survey citizen scientists in the systematic collection of quantitative data covering multiple phyla that can underpin numerous marine biodiversity indicators at high spatial and temporal resolution. We then summarize the findings of a continental- and decadal-scale State of the Environment assessment for rocky and coral reefs based on indicators of ecosystem state relating to fishing, ocean warming, and invasive species and describing the distribution of threatened species. Fishing impacts are widespread, whereas substantial warming-related change affected some regions between 2005 and 2015. Invasive species are concentrated near harbors in southeastern Australia, and the threatened-species index is highest for the Great Australian Bight and Tasman Sea. Our approach can be applied globally to improve reporting against biodiversity targets and enhance public and policymakers’ understanding of marine biodiversity trends.

Published
2017

48. Global patterns of kelp forest change over the past half-century.

Author

Cavanaugh, Kyle C., Krumhansl, Kira A., Okamoto, Daniel K., Norderhaug, Kjell M., Rassweiler, Andrew, Novak, Mark, Bolton, John J., Connell, Sean D., Johnson, Craig R., Ling, Scott D., Konar, Brenda, and Micheli, Fiorenza

Subjects
KELP bed ecology, LAMINARIALES, BIOGENIC landforms, COASTAL zone management, CLIMATE change
Abstract

Kelp forests (Order Laminariales) form key biogenic habitats in coastal regions of temperate and Arctic seas worldwide, providing ecosystem services valued in the range of billions of dollars annually. Although local evidence suggests that kelp forests are increasingly threatened by a variety of stressors, no comprehensive global analysis of change in kelp abundances currently exists. Here, we build and analyze a global database of kelp time series spanning the past half-century to assess regional and global trends in kelp abundances. We detected a high degree of geographic variation in trends, with regional variability in the direction and magnitude of change far exceeding a small global average decline (instantaneous rate of change = -0.018 y-1). Our analysis identified declines in 38% of ecoregions for which there are data (-0.015 to -0.18 y-1), increases in 27% of ecoregions (0.015 to 0.11 y-1), and no detectable change in 35% of ecoregions. These spatially variable trajectories reflected regional differences in the drivers of change, uncertainty in some regions owing to poor spatial and temporal data coverage, and the dynamic nature of kelp populations. We conclude that although global drivers could be affecting kelp forests at multiple scales, local stressors and regional variation in the effects of these drivers dominate kelp dynamics, in contrast to many other marine and terrestrial foundation species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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50. Climate change cascades: Shifts in oceanography, species' ranges and subtidal marine community dynamics in eastern Tasmania

Author

Johnson, Craig R., Banks, Sam C., Barrett, Neville S., Cazassus, Fabienne, Dunstan, Piers K., Edgar, Graham J., Frusher, Stewart D., Gardner, Caleb, Haddon, Malcolm, Helidoniotis, Fay, Hill, Katy L., Holbrook, Neil J., Hosie, Graham W., Last, Peter R., Ling, Scott D., Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica, Miller, Karen, Pecl, Gretta T., Richardson, Anthony J., Ridgway, Ken R., Rintoul, Stephen R., Ritz, David A., Ross, D. Jeff, Sanderson, J. Craig, Shepherd, Scoresby A., Slotwinski, Anita, Swadling, Kerrie M., Taw, Nyan, Johnson, Craig R., Banks, Sam C., Barrett, Neville S., Cazassus, Fabienne, Dunstan, Piers K., Edgar, Graham J., Frusher, Stewart D., Gardner, Caleb, Haddon, Malcolm, Helidoniotis, Fay, Hill, Katy L., Holbrook, Neil J., Hosie, Graham W., Last, Peter R., Ling, Scott D., Melbourne-Thomas, Jessica, Miller, Karen, Pecl, Gretta T., Richardson, Anthony J., Ridgway, Ken R., Rintoul, Stephen R., Ritz, David A., Ross, D. Jeff, Sanderson, J. Craig, Shepherd, Scoresby A., Slotwinski, Anita, Swadling, Kerrie M., and Taw, Nyan

Abstract

Several lines of evidence show that ocean warming off the east coast of Tasmania is the result of intensification of the East Australian Current (EAC). Increases in the strength, duration and frequency of southward incursions of warm, nutrient poor EAC water transports heat and biota to eastern Tasmania. This shift in large-scale oceanography is reflected by changes in the structure of nearshore zooplankton communities and other elements of the pelagic system; by a regional decline in the extent of dense beds of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera); by marked changes in the distribution of nearshore fishes; and by range expansions of other northern warmer-water species to colonize Tasmanian coastal waters. Population-level changes in commercially important invertebrate species may also be associated with the warming trend. Over-grazing of seaweed beds by one recently established species, the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii, is causing a fundamental shift in the structure and dynamics of Tasmanian rocky reef systems by the formation of sea urchin ‘barrens’ habitat. Formation of barrens represents an interaction between effects of climate change and a reduction in large predatory rock lobsters due to fishing. Barrens realize a loss of biodiversity and production from rocky reefs, and threaten valuable abalone and rock lobster fisheries and the local economies and social communities they support. This range-extending sea urchin species represents the single largest biologically mediated threat to the integrity of important shallow water rocky reef communities in eastern Tasmania. In synthesizing change in the physical ocean climate in eastern Tasmania and parallel shifts in species' distributions and ecological processes, there is evidence that the direct effects of changing physical conditions have precipitated cascading effects of ecological change in benthic (rocky reef) and pelagic systems. However, some patterns correlated with temperature have plausible alterna

Published
2011

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