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Abstract Background This study aimed to analyze the associations of cardiometabolic index (CMI) with diabetic statuses and insulin resistance (IR) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and examined the potential mediating role of inflammation in these correlations. Methods This study enrolled 9477 participants across four NHANES cycles from 2011 to 2018. The primary outcomes of the study included the risk of having prediabetes, diabetes and the level of the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Other outcomes including the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, fasting insulin, the risk of oral hypoglycemic medicine use, insulin use, and retinopathy were also collected and analyzed. Logistic regression model, subgroup analysis, restricted cubic spine (RCS), and Pearson correlation coefficients were conducted to assess the associations of CMI with diabetic statuses and IR. The mediating role of inflammation was evaluated to investigate the potential mechanism of the associations between CMI and diabetic statuses. Results Among included participants, the CMI levels in normal participants, prediabetes and diabetes in this study were 0.48, 0.73 and 1.07. After multivariable adjustment, CMI was positively associated with the risk of prediabetes (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.24–1.79), diabetes (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.82–2.50) and the level of HOMA-IR (β = 2.57, 95% CI = 2.14–3.01). Besides, an increased CMI was correlated with higher levels of FBG, HBA1c, OGTT results and fasting insulin as well as the greater risk of oral hypoglycemic medicine use and insulin use. The RCS showed an inverted L-shaped association of CMI with prediabetes and diabetes (P for non-linearity

Abstract Background This study sought to elucidate the associations of cardiometabolic index (CMI), as a metabolism-related index, with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among the older population. Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we further explored the potential mediating effect of inflammation within these associations. Methods A cohort of 3029 participants aged over 65 years old, spanning six NHANES cycles from 2005 to 2016, was enrolled and assessed. The primary endpoints of the study included all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality utilizing data from National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Cox regression model and subgroup analysis were conducted to assess the associations of CMI with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The mediating effect of inflammation-related indicators including leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were evaluated to investigate the potential mechanism of the associations between CMI and mortality through mediation package in R 4.2.2. Results The mean CMI among the enrolled participants was 0.74±0.66, with an average age of 73.28±5.50 years. After an average follow-up period of 89.20 months, there were 1,015 instances of all-cause deaths and 348 cardiovascular deaths documented. In the multivariable-adjusted model, CMI was positively related to all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio (HR)=1.11, 95% CI=1.01-1.21). Mediation analysis indicated that leukocytes and neutrophils mediated 6.6% and 13.9% of the association of CMI with all-cause mortality. Conclusion Elevated CMI is positively associated with all-cause mortality in the older adults. The association appeared to be partially mediated through inflammatory pathways, indicating that CMI may serve as a valuable indicator for poor prognosis among the older population.

Abstract Background Numerous researches have indicated a correlation between the intake of dietary micronutrients and the occurrence of constipation. Nevertheless, the correlation between constipation and vitamin B1 remains uninvestigated. The main aim of this research was to examine the association between chronic constipation and the consumption of vitamin B1 in the diet among adult participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods This study used data from the NHANES, a survey on health and nutrition conducted between 2005 and 2010. The respondents’ dietary information was gathered by utilizing the 24-hour dietary records. Various statistical analyses, such as multiple logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and curve-fitting analysis, were employed to investigate the correlation between dietary intake of vitamin B1 and chronic constipation. Results In the trial, there were 10,371 participants, out of which 1,123 individuals (10.8%) were identified as having chronic constipation. Fully adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses showed that increasing dietary intake of vitamin B1 (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77-0.99) was significantly associated with a reduced risk of constipation. Following adjustment for multiple variables in Model 3, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the third tertile, in comparison to the first tertile (reference group), was 0.80 (0.65, 0.99). In addition, subgroup analyses and interaction tests showed a significant inverse association between vitamin B1 intake and the prevalence of constipation, especially among men, non-hypertensive, and non-diabetic individuals (all P-values less than 0.05). Conclusion This research uncovered an inverse correlation between the consumption of vitamin B1 in the diet and the occurrence of chronic constipation. One potential explanation for this phenomenon is that the consumption of vitamin B1 in one’s diet is linked to the softening of stools and an augmented occurrence of colonic peristalsis. Additional extensive prospective research is required to thoroughly examine the significance of thiamine in long-term constipation.

Abstract Background Relative handgrip strength (RHGS) was positively correlated with healthy levels of cardiovascular markers and negatively correlated with metabolic disease risk. However, its association with hyperlipidemia remains unknown. The present study investigated the link between RHGS and hyperlipidemia, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and further examined the hypothesis that inflammation may serve a mediating role within this relationship. Methods Data were extracted from 4610 participants in the NHANES database spanning 2011–2014 to explore the correlation between RHGS and hyperlipidemia using multivariate logistic regression models. Subgroup analyses were conducted to discern the correlation between RHGS and hyperlipidemia across diverse populations. Additionally, smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were conducted to validate the association between RHGS and hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, the potential mediating effect of inflammation on this association was also explored. Results According to the fully adjusted model, RHGS was negatively correlated with hyperlipidemia [odds ratio (OR) = 0.575, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.515 to 0.643], which was consistently significant across all populations, notably among women. Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis substantiated the negative association between RHGS and hyperlipidemia. Moreover, the mediating effects analysis indicated the white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil (Neu) count, and lymphocyte (Lym) count played roles as the mediators, with mediation ratios of 7.0%, 4.3%, and 5.0%, respectively. Conclusions This study identified a prominent negative correlation between RHGS and hyperlipidemia. Elevated RHGS may serve as a protective factor against hyperlipidemia, potentially through mechanisms underlying the modulation of inflammatory processes.

Abstract Objective Although oxidative stress is a recognized factor of inflammation, the correlation between oxidative balance score (OBS), a biomarker indicating the balance of oxidation and antioxidant, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an immune system disease that tends to occur in women, remains unexplored. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between OBS and RA in women. Methods Observational surveys were performed by employing information extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the period 2007–2018. Various statistical techniques were employed to investigate the association between OBS and RA, encompassing multivariable logistic regression analysis, subgroup analyses, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect analysis. Results The study included 8219 female participants, including 597 patients with RA. The results showed that higher Total OBS (TOBS) significantly correlated with lower RA prevalence in the entirely modified model [odd ratio (OR) = 0.968; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.952 to 0.984; P = 0.0001]. Dietary OBS (DOBS) and lifestyle OBS (LOBS) also negatively correlated with RA. This association was remarkably consistent across TOBS subgroups by age, race, education level, family poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), hypertension and diabetes. Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis also revealed the linear relationship between OBS and RA. Conclusions Overall, OBS was negatively associated with RA in female. This study suggested that an antioxidant diet and lifestyle may be promising measures to prevent RA in female.

In recent years, the rise of investment protectionism has led to the decline of investment openness all over the world. Based on the perspective of valuation effects which affects changes in national external wealth, we carry out empirical analysis and find that investment openness has inhibitory effect on national external wealth in the short term but promotes it in the lag period. Furthermore, we use the open economy macroeconomic theory (NOEM) to construct DSGE model and find that reducing the degree of investment openness will lead to the rise of domestic investment asset prices and produce positive valuation effects, which will lead to the short term increase of national external wealth. However, this effect has poor persistence. In the long run, the reduction of openness will hinder transnational investment, reduce the income of transnational investment, and eventually lead to the deterioration of national external wealth. The DSGE model we constructed can be applicable for solving some problems for open economic policy. From the conclusion we have acquired, it is indicated that nations who want to maintain the steady growth of the external wealth should continue to improve investment openness and international investment environment, alleviate investment information asymmetry, and avert increasing investment protectionism.