235 results on '"Lingulodinium polyedrum"'
Search Results
2. Devastating farmed abalone mortalities attributed to yessotoxin-producing dinoflagellates.
- Author
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Pitcher, Grant C., Foord, Charles J., Macey, Brett M., Mansfield, Lisa, Mouton, Anna, Smith, Marie E., Osmond, Steven J., and van der Molen, Lynndal
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ABALONES , *DINOFLAGELLATES , *ALEXANDRIUM , *NECROSIS , *EPITHELIAL cells - Abstract
Highlights • Death of several million farmed abalone linked to YTX-producing dinoflagellates. • YTX analogues homo-YTX and 45-hydroxy-YTX were dominant in plankton and abalone. • Gonyaulax spinifera implicated as the likely source of YTX. • Abalone gills were characterized by degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells. Abstract A large dinoflagellate bloom in Walker Bay (South Africa) in January 2017 impacted 3 land-based abalone farms resulting in the death of several million animals. Satellite-derived images of Chl- a from the Ocean and Land Colour Imager (OLCI) on board the European Space Agency Sentinel-3 A showed bloom initiation in late December 2016 and dispersal in mid-February 2017. The bloom was dominated by two dinoflagellate species identified by light microscopy as Gonyaulax spinifera (Claparède & Lachmann) Diesing, 1866 and Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge, 1989. These morphologically based identifications were confirmed by phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of the large subunit rDNA of both dinoflagellates. The appearance of yessotoxins (YTX) in abalone clearly coincided with increases in dinoflagellate concentrations. Yessotoxins in both the plankton and abalone were dominated by the two analogues homo-YTX and 45-hydroxy-YTX. The absence of toxins in a clonal culture of L. polyedrum implicated G. spinifera as the likely source of YTX. Toxin concentrations were found to be highest in the gills which showed the most significant pathology, including severe, generalized disruption of the gill epithelium characterized by degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells accompanied by a modest inflammatory response. Some farms undertook pre-emptive or emergency harvesting to reduce financial losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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3. Iron and Harmful Algae Blooms: Potential Algal-Bacterial Mutualism Between Lingulodinium polyedrum and Marinobacter algicola
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Kyoko Yarimizu, Ricardo Cruz-López, and Carl J. Carrano
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Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Marinobacter ,iron ,algal-bacterial interactions ,binary culture ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Phytoplankton blooms can cause acute effects on marine ecosystems either due to their production of endogenous toxins or due to their enormous biomass leading to major impacts on local economies and public health. Despite years of effort, the causes of harmful algal blooms (HAB) are still not fully understood. Our hypothesis is that bacteria that produce photoactive siderophores may provide a bioavailable form of iron to commensally associated phytoplankton, which could in turn affect algal growth and bloom dynamics. Here we report a laboratory-based study of binary cultures of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum, a major HAB species, with Marinobacter algicola DG893, a phytoplankton-associated bacterium that produces the photoactive siderophore vibrioferrin. Comparing binary cultures of L. polyedrum with both the wild type and the vibrioferrin minus mutant of M. algicola shows that bacteria are necessary to promote dinoflagellate growth and that this growth promotion effect is at least partially related to the ability of the bacterium to supply bioavailable iron via the siderophore vibrioferrin. These results support the notion of a carbon for iron mutualism in some bacterial-algal interactions.
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- 2018
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4. Climatic and anthropogenic impacts on the Ría de Vigo (NW Iberia) over the last two centuries: A high-resolution dinoflagellate cyst sedimentary record.
- Author
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García-Moreiras, Iria, Pospelova, Vera, García-Gil, Soledad, and Muñoz Sobrino, Castor
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DINOFLAGELLATES , *FRESHWATER algae , *ALGAL spores , *ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature , *SEDIMENTARY basins - Abstract
A high-resolution dinoflagellate cyst record spanning the period of ~1830–2012 CE from Ría de Vigo (Atlantic margin of NW Iberia) is presented. Changes in concentrations and percentages of dinoflagellate cysts and freshwater algal spores reflect climatic and anthropogenic influences on the ria, i.e. coastal inlet formed by the partial submergence of a river valley. Statistical analyses (PCA and clustering) were used to identify the main patterns of change in the cyst assemblages. The cyst record was compared with reconstructed and measured instrumental environmental data (NAO, temperatures, mean sea level, etc.) to support (palaeo)reconstructions. Four main phases were identified: the first phase (~1830–1855 CE) of lower relative sea level (RSL), temperatures and precipitations represents the last stages of the LIA (Little Ice Age); the second phase (~1855–1910 CE) is interpreted as a transition between the colder LIA and the wetter and warmer conditions that prevailed through the 20th century; the third phase (~1910–1975 CE) is characterized by strong river inputs and water stratification in the ria; and the fourth phase (~1975–2012 CE) reflects impacts of anthropogenic warming and pollution. The anthropogenic signal consists of increases in heterotrophic cyst proportions and cysts diversity, as well as of a marked decline of potentially toxic Lingulodinium machaerophorum . Increasing organic matter content, nutrients and industrial wastes have likely caused detrimental impacts on the autotrophic dinoflagellates, by increasing turbidity and toxicity. The B5-cyst record and its comparison with previously published data suggest that increased concentrations of L . machaerophorum in the 20th century were mainly related to river flow variations, that in turn were primarily driven by NAO changes, rather than cultural eutrophication. We also report high abundances of Peridinium ponticum in our record, determining that this species is not exclusive to the Black and Marmara Seas and has much wider natural distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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5. Is Yessotoxin the Main Phycotoxin in Croatian Waters?
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Živana Ninčević Gladan, Ivana Ujević, Anna Milandri, Ivona Marasović, Alfiero Ceredi, Silvia Pigozzi, Jasna Arapov, Sanda Skejić, Stjepan Orhanović, and Igor Isajlović
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yessotoxin ,okadaic acid ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Dinophysis fortii ,Adriatic Sea ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
With the aim of investigating whether yessotoxin (YTX) is responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) events in Croatian waters, three different methods were combined: a modified mouse bioassay (MBA) that discriminates YTX from other DSP toxins, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among 453 samples of mussels and seawater analyzed in 2007, 10 samples were DSP positive. Results obtained by the modified MBA method revealed that most of the samples were positive for YTX, with the exception of samples from Lim Bay (LB 1) The ELISA method also identified the presence of YTX in these samples. DSP toxin profiles showed the presence of okadaic acid (OA) in three, and YTX in four out of nine samples that were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The phytoplankton community structure pattern revealed Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge, which was present in the water prior to and/or during toxicity events at low concentrations (80 to 1440 cells L-1), as a potential YTX producing species. It is proposed that L. polyedrum cells accumulated in mussels and the subsequently observed toxicity may be related to metabolism after ingestion, resulting in carboxy YTX as the major analog in the mussel.
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- 2010
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6. Yessotoxins, a Group of Marine Polyether Toxins: an Overview
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José J. Fernández, José M. Franco, Pilar Riobó, Manuel Norte, Antonio H. Daranas, and Beatriz Paz
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Yessotoxin (YTX) ,Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) ,Marine polyether toxin ,Protoceratium reticulatum ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Gonyaulax spinifera. ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Yessotoxin (YTX) is a marine polyether toxin that was first isolated in 1986 from the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. Subsequently, it was reported that YTX is produced by the dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum, Lingulodinium polyedrum and Gonyaulax spinifera. YTXs have been associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) because they are often simultaneously extracted with DSP toxins, and give positive results when tested in the conventional mouse bioassay for DSP toxins. However, recent evidence suggests that YTXs should be excluded from the DSP toxins group, because unlike okadaic acid (OA) and dinophyisistoxin-1 (DTX-1), YTXs do not cause either diarrhea or inhibition of protein phosphatases . In spite of the increasing number of molecular studies focused on the toxicity of YTX, the precise mechanism of action is currently unknown. Since the discovery of YTX, almost forty new analogues isolated from both mussels and dinoflagellates have been characterized by NMR or LC-MS/MS techniques. These studies indicate a wide variability in the profile and the relative abundance of YTXs in both, bivalves and dinoflagellates. This review covers current knowledge on the origin, producer organisms and vectors, chemical structures, metabolism, biosynthetic origin, toxicological properties, potential risks to human health and advances in detection methods of YTXs.
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- 2008
7. Red tide of the Lingulodinium polyedrum (Dinophyceae) in Odessa Bay (Black Sea)
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Alexander Krakhmalnyi and Galyna Terenko
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Oceanography ,biology ,Red tide ,Environmental science ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Black sea ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Bay ,Dinophyceae - Abstract
One of the most massive red tides at the Odessa Bay was observed in September October 2020. It was caused by a toxic dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge. The maximum abundance (56.1 x 106 cells L-1) of L. polyedrum was registered at the Odessa port area on October 6 when a water temperature and a salinity were 19.7°C and 14.3 ‰ respectively. The red tide was so huge and dense that the water glowed at night due to the bioluminescence characteristic of this species. The article briefly describes the history of the study of L. polyedrum in this area and provides a detailed morphological description with original photographs of this species sampled from bloom. We associate the appearance of the red tide with an increased temperature of sea water and air, a high content of nutrients, the presence of viable L. polyedrum cysts, and a slight decrease in salinity in the bay during the period of a mass development of the species in autumn of 2020. The red tide was accompanied by Protoperidinium steini, P. divergens, Prorocentrum cordatum, P. minimum, P. micans, Gonyaulas scrippsae, Diplopsalis lenticula, Azadinium spinosum, Dinophysis rotundata, D. acuminata, Oblea rotunda, Scrippsiella trochoidea, Ceratium furca.
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- 2021
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8. The distribution of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in recent sediments of the Oualidia Lagoon, Morocco, with a focus on toxic species
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R. Sagou, K. Chaira, S. Maimouni, A. BenMhamed, S. BenBrahim, H. Rhinane, S. Loulad, B. Ennaffah, E. Masseret, Mohamed Laabir, A. Agouzouk, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
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0106 biological sciences ,Species complex ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,alexandrium-catenella ,spatial-distribution ,Alexandrium minutum ,red tide ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Aquatic Science ,complex dinophyceae ,01 natural sciences ,Algal bloom ,mediterranean lagoon ,Gymnodinium catenatum ,Abundance (ecology) ,bay ,Organic matter ,cyst morphotypes ,14. Life underwater ,north-atlantic ,Atlantic Ocean ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,surface sediments ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Dinoflagellate ,Sediment ,organic matter content ,biology.organism_classification ,resting cysts ,harmful algal blooms ,Alexandrium tamarense complex ,chemistry ,Alexandrium tamarense ,sediment characteristics ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Lingulodinium polyedrum - Abstract
WOS:000702121700001; Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are becoming widely distributed and more frequent, threatening socioecosystems and human health. We determined species composition, abundance and spatial distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the upper sediment of the Oualidia Lagoon located on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. Sediment samples were collected in 2017 at 51 stations, and environmental parameters were measured together with microphytoplankton abundance. Sediment characteristics including water percentage, organic matter content and grain size were determined. Fourteen dinoflagellate cyst morphotypes were identified, with Lingulodinium polyedrum (50%) and Gonyaulax spinifera (22%) dominating the assemblages. Total cyst densities ranged from 0 to 293 cysts g(-1) dry sediment. Cyst densities were positively correlated with water content and organic matter content and increased with decreasing sediment grain size. We revealed the presence of three neurotoxic dinoflagellate species: Alexandrium minutum, the Alexandrium tamarense species complex, and Gymnodinium catenatum. Numerous cysts had accumulated in the sediment, and, because they are likely responsible for the initiation of HABs in Oualidia Lagoon, they should be monitored.
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- 2021
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9. The inhibitory effect of a non-yessotoxin-producing dinoflagellate, Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge, towards Vibrio vulnificus and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Quijano-Scheggia, Sonia, Barajas-Gonzalez, Maribel, Hong Chang Lim, Chui Pin Leaw, Olivos-Ortiz, Aramis, Gaviño-Rodriguez, Juan, Pérez, Juan Blanco, and Bates, Stephen S.
- Abstract
The increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics has caused global concern, prompting the search for new compounds. Because of their abundance and diversity, marine phytoplankton are an important potential source of such compounds. Research on dinoflagellates has led to the discovery of inhibitors of bacterial growth. The marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum blooms in different regions of the world, including Mexico, and is also known to regulate the growth of other species in coastal waters. Here, we investigated the taxonomy of this dinoflagellate and characterized the ability of its extracts to inhibit the growth of two bacteria of medical importance (Vibrio vulnificus and Staphylococcus aureus). Taxonomic characterization was performed by PCR and gene amplification of ITS, and confirmed that the species isolated off the Pacific coast of Mexico was L. polyedrum. To prove the inhibitory effect of L. polyedrum extracts, cultures were harvested by centrifugation. Pellets from three cellular abundances were extracted with water, methanol, hexane and chloroform. The experiments on V. vulnificus showed a high growth inhibition for the four extracts, ranging from 77 to 98%. Surprisingly, the growth inhibition was lower when the extracts originated from a higher L. polyedrum cell abundance, ranging from 0 to 34%. For S. aureus, the growth inhibition was also high, but not statistically different for all extracts and cell abundances, ranging from 62 to 99%. This study obtained promising results for future pharmacological applications. Our Mexican strain of L. polyedrum did not produce any detectable yessotoxins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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10. The main nitrate transporter of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum is constitutively expressed and not responsible for daily variations in nitrate uptake rates.
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Dagenais Bellefeuille, Steve and Morse, David
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NITRATE transporters , *DINOFLAGELLATE blooms , *EUTROPHICATION , *TOXIC algae , *TERRITORIAL waters - Abstract
Dinoflagellates are unicellular eukaryotes capable of forming spectacular harmful algal blooms (HABs). Eutrophication of coastal waters by fertilizer runoff, nitrate in particular, has contributed to recent increases in the frequency, magnitude and geographic extent of HABs. Although physiological nitrate uptake and assimilation in dinoflagellates have often been measured in the field and in the laboratory, no molecular components involved in nitrate transport have yet been reported. This study reports the first identification and characterization of dinoflagellate nitrate transporters, found in the transcriptome of the bloom-forming Lingulodinium polyedrum . Of the 23 putative transporters found by BLAST searches, only members of the nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) family contained all key amino acids known to be essential for nitrate transport. The dinoflagellate NRT2 sequences have 12 predicted transmembrane domains, as do the NRT2 sequences of bacteria, plants and fungi. The NRT2 sequences in Lingulodinium appear to have two different evolutionary origins, as determined by phylogenetic analyses. The most expressed transcript of all putative nitrate transporters was determined by RNA-Seq to be LpNRT2.1. An antibody raised against this transporter showed that the same amount of protein was found at different times over the light dark cycle and with different sources of N. Finally, global nitrate uptake was assessed using a 15 N tracer, which showed that the process was not under circadian-control as previously suggested, but simply light-regulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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11. Contamination status of lipophilic marine toxins in shellfish samples from the Bohai Sea, China
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Hui-Xia Geng, Yang Liu, Mingjiang Zhou, Zhen-Fan Chen, Chen Li, Rencheng Yu, Fan-Zhou Kong, and Li Dai
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China ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Hydrocarbons, Cyclic ,Mollusk Venoms ,Zoology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Aquaculture ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Okadaic Acid ,Animals ,Spiro Compounds ,Furans ,Shellfish ,Pyrans ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,business.industry ,Oxocins ,Dinophysis acuminata ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Okadaic acid ,Contamination ,biology.organism_classification ,Ostreidae ,Pollution ,Bivalvia ,Seafood ,chemistry ,Dinoflagellida ,Marine Toxins ,Imines ,Macrolides ,business ,Yessotoxin ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring ,Marine toxin ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Lipophilic marine toxins in shellfish pose significant threats to the health of seafood consumers. To assess the contamination status of shellfish by lipophilic marine toxins in the Bohai Sea, nine species of shellfish periodically collected from five representative aquaculture zones throughout a year were analyzed with a method of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Lipophilic marine toxins, including okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), yessotoxin (YTX), homo-yessotoxin (homo-YTX), azaspiracids (AZA2 and AZA3), gymnodimine (GYM), and 13-desmethyl spirolide C (13-DesMe-C), were detected in more than 95 percent of the shellfish samples. Toxins PTX2, YTX, 13-DesMe-C and GYM were predominant components detected in shellfish samples. Scallops, clams and mussels accumulated much higher level of lipophilic marine toxins compared to oysters. Toxin content in shellfish samples collected from different sampling locations showed site-specific seasonal variation patterns. High level of toxins was found during the stages from December to February and June to July in Hangu, while from March to April and August to September in Laishan. Some toxic algae, including Dinophysis acuminata, D. fortii, Prorocentrum lima, Gonyaulax spinifera and Lingulodinium polyedrum, were identified as potential origins of lipophilic marine toxins in the Bohai Sea. The results will offer a sound basis for monitoring marine toxins and protecting the health of seafood consumers.
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- 2019
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12. Growth and grazing control of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum in a natural plankton community
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David A. Caron, Stefanie Moorthi, and Michaela Busch
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Ecology ,biology ,Noctiluca scintillans ,Dinoflagellate ,Aquatic Science ,Plankton ,biology.organism_classification ,Zooplankton ,Algal bloom ,Phytoplankton ,Grazing ,Environmental science ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2019
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13. Devastating farmed abalone mortalities attributed to yessotoxin-producing dinoflagellates
- Author
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Lynndal van der Molen, Brett M. Macey, Lisa Mansfield, Steven J. Osmond, Charles J. Foord, Anna Mouton, Marié E. Smith, and Grant C. Pitcher
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0106 biological sciences ,Gill ,Farms ,Abalone ,Mollusk Venoms ,Zoology ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Algal bloom ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animals ,Phylogeny ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Oxocins ,Dinoflagellate ,Plankton ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry ,Dinoflagellida ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Yessotoxin ,Bloom - Abstract
A large dinoflagellate bloom in Walker Bay (South Africa) in January 2017 impacted 3 land-based abalone farms resulting in the death of several million animals. Satellite-derived images of Chl-a from the Ocean and Land Colour Imager (OLCI) on board the European Space Agency Sentinel-3 A showed bloom initiation in late December 2016 and dispersal in mid-February 2017. The bloom was dominated by two dinoflagellate species identified by light microscopy as Gonyaulax spinifera (Claparede & Lachmann) Diesing, 1866 and Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge, 1989. These morphologically based identifications were confirmed by phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of the large subunit rDNA of both dinoflagellates. The appearance of yessotoxins (YTX) in abalone clearly coincided with increases in dinoflagellate concentrations. Yessotoxins in both the plankton and abalone were dominated by the two analogues homo-YTX and 45-hydroxy-YTX. The absence of toxins in a clonal culture of L. polyedrum implicated G. spinifera as the likely source of YTX. Toxin concentrations were found to be highest in the gills which showed the most significant pathology, including severe, generalized disruption of the gill epithelium characterized by degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells accompanied by a modest inflammatory response. Some farms undertook pre-emptive or emergency harvesting to reduce financial losses.
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- 2019
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14. Feeding by the newly described heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodinium jinhaense: comparison with G. dominans and G. moestrupii
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Hee Chang Kang, Jin Hee Ok, Se Hyeon Jang, Hae Jin Jeong, Sung Yeon Lee, Sang Ah Park, Se Hee Eom, and Ji Hyun You
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0106 biological sciences ,Ecological niche ,Ciliate ,Karenia mikimotoi ,Ecology ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Dinoflagellate ,Heterotroph ,Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Predation ,Dunaliella salina ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Heterotrophic dinoflagellates are major grazers of microalgae in marine food webs. The feeding of the newly described heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodinium jinhaense was explored by providing 19 common microalgal prey species and the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum as prey. Furthermore, the specific growth and ingestion rates of G. jinhaense feeding on the chlorophyte Dunaliella salina were determined as a function of prey concentration. Cells of G. jinhaense were able to feed on microalgae of sizes ≤ 26 μm with the exception of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. In contrast, G. jinhaense did not feed on microalgae > 26 μm with the exception of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra. With increasing mean prey concentration, both the specific growth and ingestion rates of G. jinhaense feeding on D. salina rapidly increased at mean prey concentrations
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- 2020
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15. Atypical Membrane-Anchored Cytokine MIF in a Marine Dinoflagellate
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Christine Coustau, Rodolphe Lemée, Sophie Pagnotta, Anne-Sophie Pavaux, Maëlle Jaouannet, C Michelet, Harald Keller, Sophie Marro, Olivier Pierre, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), ITMO Cancer AVIESAN (Alliance Nationale pour les Sciences de la Vie et de la Sante, National Alliance for Life Sciences and Health), ANR-16-CE92-0014,X-KINGDOM-MIF,Analyse comparative de la fonction des 'Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor' (MIF) dans les règnes animaux et végétaux.(2016), ANR-15-CE35-0002,OCEAN-15,Ecologie Chimique chez le Dinoflagellé Ostreopsis et son Réseau Allélopathique(2015), and ANR-11-LABX-0028,SIGNALIFE,Réseau d'Innovation sur les Voies de Signalisation en Sciences de la Vie(2011)
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life_sciences_other ,0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Chemokine ,animal diseases ,medicine.medical_treatment ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,dinoflagellate ,Microbiology ,[SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,MESH: stress response ,Lingulodinium polyedra ,MESH: Lingulodinium polyedra ,Virology ,transmembrane protein ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Secretion ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,MESH: transmembrane protein ,biology ,Chemistry ,Communication ,MIF ,stress response ,Biotic stress ,biology.organism_classification ,Transmembrane protein ,MESH: secretion ,Cell biology ,MESH: dinoflagellate ,secretion ,030104 developmental biology ,Cytokine ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,MESH: MIF ,biology.protein ,Macrophage migration inhibitory factor ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Intracellular - Abstract
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factors (MIF) are pivotal cytokines/chemokines for vertebrate immune systems. MIFs are typically soluble single-domain proteins that are conserved across plant, fungal, protist, and metazoan kingdoms but their functions have not been determined in most phylogenetic groups. Here we describe an atypical multidomain MIF protein. The marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra produces a transmembrane protein with an extra-cytoplasmic MIF domain, which localizes to cell wall-associated membranes and vesicular bodies. This protein is also present in the membranes of extracellular vesicles accumulating at the secretory pores of the cells. Upon exposure to biotic stress, L. polyedra exhibits reduced expression of the MIF gene and reduced abundance of the surface-associated protein. These findings indicate that the transmembrane MIF may contribute to intercellular communication and/or interactions between free-living organisms in multispecies planktonic communities and raise the question of possible analogies in MIF functions between cells of metazoan organisms and protist communities.
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- 2020
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16. Physical interactions between marine phytoplankton and PET plastics in seawater
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Silvia Casabianca, Samuela Capellacci, Michela Cangiotti, Riccardo Carloni, Maria Francesca Ottaviani, Alberto Fattori, Ilaria Corsi, and Antonella Penna
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Environmental Engineering ,Lingulodinium polyedrum phytoplankton ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Oceans and Seas ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Adhesion rate, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Lingulodinium polyedrum phytoplankton, Skeletonema marinoi ,Artificial seawater ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Skeletonema marinoi ,Phytoplankton ,Microalgae ,Environmental Chemistry ,Seawater ,Adhesion rate ,Electron paramagnetic resonance ,Ecosystem ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Diatoms ,Waste Products ,biology ,Chemistry ,Polyethylene Terephthalates ,fungi ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Dinoflagellate ,Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Plankton ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,020801 environmental engineering ,Diatom ,Environmental chemistry ,Dinoflagellida ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Plastics - Abstract
Plastics are the most abundant marine debris globally dispersed in the oceans and its production is rising with documented negative impacts in marine ecosystems. However, the chemical-physical and biological interactions occurring between plastic and planktonic communities of different types of microorganisms are poorly understood. In these respects, it is of paramount importance to understand, on a molecular level on the surface, what happens to plastic fragments when dispersed in the ocean and directly interacting with phytoplankton assemblages. This study presents a computer-aided analysis of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of selected spin probes able to enter the phyoplanktonic cell interface and interact with the plastic surface. Two different marine phytoplankton species were analyzed, such as the diatom Skeletonema marinoi and dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum, in absence and presence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragments in synthetic seawater (ASPM), in order to in-situ characterize the interactions occurring between the microalgal cells and plastic surfaces. The analysis was performed at increasing incubation times. The cellular growth and adhesion rates of microalgae in batch culture medium and on the plastic fragments were also evaluated. The data agreed with the EPR results, which showed a significant difference in terms of surface properties between the diatom and dinoflagellate species. Low-polar interactions of lipid aggregates with the plastic surface sites were mainly responsible for the cell-plastic adhesion by S. marinoi, which is exponentially growing on the plastic surface over the incubation time.
- Published
- 2020
17. Dinoflagellates producers of yessotoxins in the Argentine Sea
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Bernd Krock, Elena Fabro, and Gaston Osvaldo Almandoz
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Gonyaulax spinifera ,Dinoflagellate ,Zoology ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,YESSOTOXINS ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,yessotoxinas ,Mar Argentino ,Protoceratium reticulatum ,lcsh:Botany ,Toxin detection ,MAR ARGENTINO ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Shellfish - Abstract
Las yessotoxinas (YTXs) son un grupo de ficotoxinas descrito recientemente, asociado a toxicidad en moluscos y a cardiotoxicidad en ratones de laboratorio. Hasta el momento se conocen tres especies de dinoflagelados productoras de YTXs a nivel mundial: Protoceratium reticulatum, Gonyaulax spinifera y Lingulodinium polyedra. En este estudio se analizó la presencia de YTXs y de sus potenciales productores en cuatro campañas oceanográficas realizadas en diferentes estaciones del año entre los 38 y 55ºS. La detección de toxinas se realizó mediante cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia acoplada con espectrometría de masas en tándem. Los análisis morfológicos incluyeron observaciones mediante microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido. Se encontraron dos potenciales productores de YTXs, Protoceratium reticulatum y Gonyaulax spinifera, presentando densidades máximas de 660 y 140 cél. L-1 respectivamente durante las campañas de otoño y primavera, en las cuales se detectó YTX en muestras del Golfo San Jorge y del talud. Los datos obtenidos sugieren que la especie P. reticulatum es la principal productora de YTXs en el Mar Argentino presentando cuotas celulares entre 2,2 y 12,5 pg YTX cél.-1, mientras que G. spinifera representa un productor potencial en la región que no ha mostrado una asociación clara con la detección de YTX. Dinoflagellates producers of yessotoxins in the Argentine Sea. Yessotoxins (YTXs) consist of a recently described group of phycotoxins associated with shellfish toxicity and with cardiotoxicity in laboratory rodents. Until now there are only three dinoflagellate species considered as YTXs producers: Protoceratium reticulatum, Gonyaulax spinifera and Lingulodinium polyedra. In this study the presence of YTX and its potential producers in the Argentine Sea was analyzed by four oceanographic expeditions carried out between 38 and 55ºS and during different seasons. Toxin detection was performed by application of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Morphological analysis included optical and scanning electron microscopy. Two YTXs potential producers were found: Protoceratium reticulatum and Gonyaulax spinifera, showing highest concentrations of 660 and 140 cell L-1 respectively, during autumn and spring. YTX were also detected during autumn and spring in samples from San Jorge Gulf and slope waters and were associated with the presence of P. reticulatum, showing toxin cell quotas of 2.2 and 12.5 pg YTX cell-1. The data obtained suggest that P. reticulatum is the main YTXs producer in the Argentine Sea, while G. spinifera represents a potential producer in the region which did not show a clear association with YTX detection. Fil: Fabro Cerreia Fus, Elena Ines. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Ficología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina Fil: Krock, Bernd. Alfred-Wegener-Institut. Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung; Alemania Fil: Almandoz, Gaston Osvaldo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Ficología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina
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- 2018
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18. Effects of salinity variation on growth and yessotoxin composition in the marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra from a Skagerrak fjord system (western Sweden)
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Bernd Krock, Allan Cembella, and Carolin Peter
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Salinity ,Mollusk Venoms ,Fjord ,Plant Science ,Aquatic Science ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Algal bloom ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Botany ,medicine ,Seawater ,14. Life underwater ,Sweden ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Strain (chemistry) ,Chemistry ,Toxin ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Oxocins ,Dinoflagellate ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Dinoflagellida ,Marine Toxins ,Estuaries ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Yessotoxin ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
The marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra is a toxigenic species capable of forming high magnitude and occasionally harmful algal blooms (HABs), particularly in temperate coastal waters throughout the world. Three cultured isolates of L. polyedra from a fjord system on the Skagerrak coast of Sweden were analyzed for their growth characteristics and to determine the effects of a strong salinity gradient on toxin cell quotas and composition. The cell quota of yessotoxin (YTX) analogs, as determined by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), ranged widely among strains. For two strains, the total toxin content remained constant over time in culture, but for the third strain, the YTX cell quota significantly decreased (by 32%) during stationary growth phase. The toxin profiles of the three strains differed markedly and none produced YTX. The analog 41a-homo-YTX (m/z 1155), its putative methylated derivative 9-Me-41a-homo-YTX (m/z 1169) and an unspecified keto-YTX (m/z 1047) were detected in strain LP29-10H, whereas strain LP30-7B contained nor-YTX (m/z 1101), and two unspecified YTX analogs at m/z 1159 and m/z 1061. The toxin profile of strain LP30-8D comprised two unspecified YTX analogs at m/z 1061 and m/z 991 and carboxy-YTX (m/z 1173). Strain LP30-7B cultured at multiple salinities (10, 16, 22, 28 and 34) did not tolerate the lowest salinity (10), but there was a statistically significant decrease (by 21%) in toxin cell quota between growth at the highest versus lower permissible salinities. The toxin profile for strain LP30-7B remained constant over time for a given salinity. At lower salinities, however, the proportion of the unspecified YTX analog (m/z 1061) was significantly higher, especially with respect to nor-YTX (m/z 1101). This study shows high intra-specific variability in yessotoxin composition among strains from the same geographical region and inconsistency in toxin cell quota under different environmental regimes and growth stages in culture. This variation has important implications for the kinetics of YTX production and food web transfer in natural bloom populations from diverse geographical regions.
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- 2018
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19. Climatic and anthropogenic impacts on the Ría de Vigo (NW Iberia) over the last two centuries: A high-resolution dinoflagellate cyst sedimentary record
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Soledad García-Gil, Vera Pospelova, Iria García-Moreiras, and Castor Muñoz Sobrino
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010506 paleontology ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,biology ,Dinoflagellate ,Paleontology ,Oceanography ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Peridinium ,Streamflow ,Period (geology) ,Sedimentary rock ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Eutrophication ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Geology ,Sea level ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
A high-resolution dinoflagellate cyst record spanning the period of ~1830–2012 CE from Ria de Vigo (Atlantic margin of NW Iberia) is presented. Changes in concentrations and percentages of dinoflagellate cysts and freshwater algal spores reflect climatic and anthropogenic influences on the ria, i.e. coastal inlet formed by the partial submergence of a river valley. Statistical analyses (PCA and clustering) were used to identify the main patterns of change in the cyst assemblages. The cyst record was compared with reconstructed and measured instrumental environmental data (NAO, temperatures, mean sea level, etc.) to support (palaeo)reconstructions. Four main phases were identified: the first phase (~1830–1855 CE) of lower relative sea level (RSL), temperatures and precipitations represents the last stages of the LIA (Little Ice Age); the second phase (~1855–1910 CE) is interpreted as a transition between the colder LIA and the wetter and warmer conditions that prevailed through the 20th century; the third phase (~1910–1975 CE) is characterized by strong river inputs and water stratification in the ria; and the fourth phase (~1975–2012 CE) reflects impacts of anthropogenic warming and pollution. The anthropogenic signal consists of increases in heterotrophic cyst proportions and cysts diversity, as well as of a marked decline of potentially toxic Lingulodinium machaerophorum. Increasing organic matter content, nutrients and industrial wastes have likely caused detrimental impacts on the autotrophic dinoflagellates, by increasing turbidity and toxicity. The B5-cyst record and its comparison with previously published data suggest that increased concentrations of L. machaerophorum in the 20th century were mainly related to river flow variations, that in turn were primarily driven by NAO changes, rather than cultural eutrophication. We also report high abundances of Peridinium ponticum in our record, determining that this species is not exclusive to the Black and Marmara Seas and has much wider natural distribution.
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- 2018
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20. Ship traffic and the introduction of diatoms and dinoflagellates via ballast water in the port of Annaba, Algeria
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Radhia Cheniti, André Rochon, and Hocine Frihi
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0106 biological sciences ,Ballast ,biology ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Dinophysis acuminata ,Dinoflagellate ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Diatom ,Alexandrium tamarense ,Phytoplankton ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Dinophysis ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
We present here the first study on the role of ship traffic in the introduction of potentially harmful and/or non-indigenous species in the port of Annaba (Algeria). A total of 25 ships of two different types (general cargo and bulk carriers) were sampled and separated into two categories: oceanic and Mediterranean ships. We estimated propagule pressure of high-risk coastal phytoplankton delivered in ballast water to the port of Annaba. We identified 40 diatom and 38 dinoflagellate taxa, among which, 11 harmful/toxic taxa: Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Alexandrium tamarense , Alexandrium sp., Dinophysis acuminata , Dinophysis rotundata , Dinophysis sp., Gonyaulax spinifera , Gymnodinium catenatum , Lingulodinium polyedrum , Protoceratium reticulatum and cyst of Alexandrium sp. In addition, 8 taxa (5 diatoms, 1 dinoflagellate and 2 dinoflagellate cysts) never observed in the Annaba region were considered as potentially non-indigenous: Actinoptychus splendens , Coscinodiscus asteromphalus , Coscinodiscus lineatus , Odentella granulata , Thalassiosira cf. decipiens , Prorocentrum scutellum , cyst of Polykrikos kofoidii and Islandinium minutum. Several factors were examined, including ship routes, ballast water age and the volume of ballast water discharged. Our analyses revealed that diatom and dinoflagellate abundances decreased with ballast water age, possibly as a result of mortality of species due to voyage length and lack of light in ballast tanks. Estimates of actual propagule pressure, diatoms and dinoflagellates abundances varied from 1 to 4 × 10 8 cells/ship. The results of this study could serve as the baseline for the development and implementation of monitoring and ballast water management programs in ports of Algeria.
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- 2018
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21. Pharmacological investigation of the bioluminescence signaling pathway of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum: evidence for the role of stretch-activated ion channels.
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Jin, Kelly, Klima, Jason C., Deane, Grant, Dale Stokes, Malcolm, Latz, Michael I., and Wood, M.
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PHARMACOLOGY , *BIOLUMINESCENCE , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *DINOFLAGELLATES , *ION channels , *STIMULUS & response (Biology) , *GADOLINIUM - Abstract
Dinoflagellate bioluminescence serves as a whole-cell reporter of mechanical stress, which activates a signaling pathway that appears to involve the opening of voltage-sensitive ion channels and release of calcium from intracellular stores. However, little else is known about the initial signaling events that facilitate the transduction of mechanical stimuli. In the present study using the red tide dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum ( Stein) Dodge, two forms of dinoflagellate bioluminescence, mechanically stimulated and spontaneous flashes, were used as reporter systems to pharmacological treatments that targeted various predicted signaling events at the plasma membrane level of the signaling pathway. Pretreatment with 200 μM Gadolinium III ( Gd3+), a nonspecific blocker of stretch-activated and some voltage-gated ion channels, resulted in strong inhibition of both forms of bioluminescence. Pretreatment with 50 μM nifedipine, an inhibitor of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels that inhibits mechanically stimulated bioluminescence, did not inhibit spontaneous bioluminescence. Treatment with 1 mM benzyl alcohol, a membrane fluidizer, was very effective in stimulating bioluminescence. Benzyl alcohol-stimulated bioluminescence was inhibited by Gd3+ but not by nifedipine, suggesting that its role is through stretch activation via a change in plasma membrane fluidity. These results are consistent with the presence of stretch-activated and voltage-gated ion channels in the bioluminescence mechanotransduction signaling pathway, with spontaneous flashing associated with a stretch-activated component at the plasma membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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22. Effects of a surfacing effluent plume on a coastal phytoplankton community.
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Reifel, Kristen M., Corcoran, Alina A., Cash, Curtis, Shipe, Rebecca, and Jones, Burton H.
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PHYTOPLANKTON , *COASTAL ecology , *PLUMES (Fluid dynamics) , *RUNOFF , *WATER quality , *DINOFLAGELLATES - Abstract
Abstract: Urban runoff and effluent discharge from heavily populated coastal areas can negatively impact water quality, beneficial uses, and coastal ecosystems. The planned release of treated wastewater (i.e. effluent) from the City of Los Angeles Hyperion Wastewater Treatment Plant, located in Playa del Rey, California, provided an opportunity to study the effects of an effluent discharge plume from its initial release until it could no longer be detected in the coastal ocean. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis of phytoplankton community structure revealed distinct community groups based on salinity, temperature, and CDOM concentration. Three dinoflagellates (Lingulodinium polyedrum, Cochlodinium sp., Akashiwo sanguinea) were dominant (together >50% abundance) prior to the diversion. Cochlodinium sp. became dominant (65–90% abundance) within newly surfaced wastewater, and A. sanguinea became dominant or co-dominant as the effluent plume aged and mixed with ambient coastal water. Localized blooms of Cochlodinium sp. and A. sanguinea (chlorophyll a up to 100mgm−3 and densities between 100 and 2000cellsmL−1) occurred 4–7 days after the diversion within the effluent plume. Although both Cochlodinium sp. and A. sanguinea have been occasionally reported from California waters, blooms of these species have only recently been observed along the California coast. Our work supports the hypothesis that effluent and urban runoff discharge can stimulate certain dinoflagellate blooms. All three dinoflagellates have similar ecophysiological characteristics; however, small differences in morphology, nutrient preferences, and environmental requirements may explain the shift in dinoflagellate composition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2013
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23. Process length variation in cysts of a dinoflagellate, Lingulodinium machaerophorum, in surface sediments: Investigating its potential as salinity proxy
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Mertens, Kenneth N., Ribeiro, Sofia, Bouimetarhan, Ilham, Caner, Hulya, Combourieu Nebout, Nathalie, Dale, Barrie, De Vernal, Anne, Ellegaard, Marianne, Filipova, Mariana, Godhe, Anna, Goubert, Evelyne, Grøsfjeld, Kari, Holzwarth, Ulrike, Kotthoff, Ulrich, Leroy, Suzanne A.G., Londeix, Laurent, Marret, Fabienne, Matsuoka, Kazumi, Mudie, Peta J., and Naudts, Lieven
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DINOFLAGELLATES , *BIOMETRY , *PLANKTON , *MARINE biology - Abstract
Abstract: A biometrical analysis of the dinoflagellate cyst Lingulodinium machaerophorum [Deflandre, G., Cookson, I.C., 1955. Fossil microplankton from Australia late Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments. Australian journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 6: 242–313.] Wall, 1967 in 144 globally distributed surface sediment samples revealed that the average process length is related to summer salinity and temperature at a water depth of 30 m by the equation (salinity/temperature) = (0.078⁎average process length+0.534) with R 2 =0.69. This relationship can be used to reconstruct palaeosalinities, albeit with caution. The particular ecological window can be associated with known distributions of the corresponding motile stage Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge, 1989. Confocal laser microscopy showed that the average process length is positively related to the average distance between process bases (R 2 =0.78), and negatively related to the number of processes (R 2 =0.65). These results document the existence of two end members in cyst formation: one with many short, densely distributed processes and one with a few, long, widely spaced processes, which can be respectively related to low and high salinity/temperature ratios. Obstruction during formation of the cysts causes anomalous distributions of the processes. From a biological perspective, processes function to facilitate sinking of the cysts through clustering. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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24. MICROSATELLITE GENOTYPING OF SINGLE CELLS OF THE DINOFLAGELLATE SPECIES LINGULODINIUM POLYEDRUM (DINOPHYCEAE): A NOVEL APPROACH FOR MARINE MICROBIAL POPULATION GENETIC STUDIES.
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Frommlet, Jörg C. and Iglesias-Rodríguez, M. Débora
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PHYTOPLANKTON , *DINOFLAGELLATES , *PHYTOFLAGELLATES , *MICROSATELLITE repeats , *NUCLEOTIDE sequence , *MARINE microbiology - Abstract
In recent years, two new approaches have been introduced in genetic studies of phytoplankton species. One is the application of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, which allow detailed population genetic studies; the other is the development of methods that enable the direct genetic characterization of single cells as an alternative to clonal cultures. The aim of this study was to combine these two approaches in a method that would allow microsatellite genotyping of single phytoplankton cells, providing a novel tool for high-resolution population genetic studies. The dinoflagellate species Lingulodinium polyedrum (F. Stein) J. D. Dodge was selected as a model organism to develop this novel approach. The method we describe here is based on several key developments: (i) a simple and efficient DNA extraction method for single cells, (ii) the characterization of microsatellite markers for L. polyedrum, (iii) a protocol for the species identification of single cells through the analysis of partial rRNA gene sequences, and (iv) a two-step multiplex PCR protocol for the simultaneous amplification of microsatellite markers and partial rRNA gene sequences from single cells. Our protocol allowed the amplification of up to six microsatellite loci together with either the complete ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region or a partial 18S region of the ribosomal gene of L. polyedrum from single motile cells and resting cysts. This article describes and evaluates the developed approach and discusses its significance for population genetic studies of L. polyedrum and other phytoplankton species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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25. Yessotoxin detected in mussel (Mytilus californicus) and phytoplankton samples from the U.S. west coast
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Howard, Meredith D.A., Silver, Mary, and Kudela, Raphael M.
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MYTILUS , *MUSSELS , *PHYTOPLANKTON - Abstract
Abstract: Yessotoxin (YTX) was detected in an algal sample and two mussel samples (0.07–0.10μgg−1) collected from Scripps Pier in La Jolla, California during a bloom of Lingulodinium polyedrum. Mussel samples collected from Monterey Bay, California also contained measurable YTX (levels up to 0.06μgg−1) in samples obtained during a 6-month (weekly) sampling period. Gonyaulax spinifera and L. polyedrum were identified in background concentrations in Monterey Bay during the time of contamination. An algal sample from Washington coastal waters collected during non-bloom conditions also contained YTX, possibly originating from Protoceratium reticulatum. Three strains of L. polyedrum (CCMP1931, CCMP1936, 104A) isolated from southern California coastal waters and one strain of G. spinifera (CCMP409) isolated from Maine were tested for YTX production using two methods, competitive ELISA and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The ELISA method detected YTX in the particulate phase in two of three L. polyedrum strains. The LC–MS method did not detect YTX in the particulate or dissolved phase of any of the strains. To our knowledge, this is the first study to test and confirm YTX in environmental samples from California and Washington coastal waters. It is highly likely that L. polyedrum was responsible for the YTX contamination in the southern California samples. Future research needs to conclusively determine the biological origin(s) of YTX contamination in central California and Washington coastal waters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2008
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26. Environmental drivers of temporal succession in recent dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from a coastal site in the North-East Atlantic (Lisbon Bay, Portugal)
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Ribeiro, Sofia and Amorim, Ana
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DINOFLAGELLATE cysts , *MARINE sediments , *BAYS - Abstract
Abstract: Temporal changes in the community structure of recent dinoflagellate cyst assemblages of Lisbon Bay (Iberian upwelling system) were investigated between 2000 and 2005. The assemblages were diverse and characterized by high inter-annual variability, rather than a clear seasonal pattern. In order to identify the main environmental drivers of community changes, several regional (river runoff, rainfall, upwelling, radiation, daylength) and in situ (sea surface temperature, salinity, bottom and surface chlorophyll a concentration) environmental parameters were tested. Multivariate statistical analysis allowed the identification of water stability as the main environmental gradient influencing the community composition, with river runoff in the preceding rain season and upwelling being the two drivers of stratification and turbulence, respectively. Both these processes can be described as nutrient enrichment processes, but the cyst signal indicates that the two mechanisms select for different functional groups. The main upwelling cyst signal is characterised by the dominance of heterotrophic species (Protoperidinioid species) and presence of the autotrophic chain-forming Gymnodinium catenatum, while the river runoff cyst signal is characterised by dominance of autotrophs forming calcareous cysts, mainly Scrippsiella spp. Lingulodinium polyedrum is suggested to be indicative of upwelling conditions in the region but reflecting an ecological niche different from the more classical heterotrophic assemblage and G. catenatum. Our results reinforce the applicability of dinoflagellate cysts as environmental tracers in the warm-temperate region of the NE Atlantic, and contribute to the development of palaeoenvironmental cyst-based signals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2008
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27. Dinoflagellate Cysts Track Eutrophication in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
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Melissa M. Baustian, R. Eugene Turner, Gail L. Chmura, Nancy N. Rabalais, and Andrea M. Price
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Delta ,010506 paleontology ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Ecology ,Dinoflagellate ,Pyrodinium bahamense ,Sediment ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Nutrient ,Canonical correspondence analysis ,parasitic diseases ,Eutrophication ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
We examined organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts from one 210Pb-dated sediment core and 39 surface sediment samples from the northern Gulf of Mexico to determine the relationship between nutrient enrichment and cyst assemblages in this region characterized by oxygen deficiency. The core spans from 1962 to 1997 and its sampling location is directly influenced by the Mississippi River plume. Surface sediments were collected in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2014 and represent approximately 1 to 4 years of accumulation. A total of 57 cyst taxa were recorded, and four heterotrophic taxa in particular were found to increase in the top section (1986–1997) of the core—Brigantedinium spp., cysts of Archaeperidinium minutum, cysts of Polykrikos kofoidii, and Quinquecuspis concreta. These taxa show a similar increasing trend with variations in US fertilizer consumption and Mississippi River nitrate concentrations, both of which increased substantially in the 1970s and 1980s. The same four heterotrophic taxa dominated dinoflagellate cyst assemblages collected near the Mississippi River Bird’s Foot Delta where nutrient concentrations were higher, especially in 2014. We propose that these cyst taxa can be used as indicators of eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) supports this proposition. The CCA identified sea-surface nutrient concentrations, sea-surface temperature, and sea-surface salinity as the most important factors influencing the cyst assemblages. In addition, cysts produced by the potentially toxic dinoflagellates Pyrodinium bahamense and Lingulodinium polyedrum were documented, but did not appear to have increased over the past 50 years.
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- 2017
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28. YESSOTOXINS—POLYCYCLIC ETHERS FROM DINOFLAGELLATES: RELATIONSHIPS TO DIARRHETIC SHELLFISH TOXINS.
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Bowden, Bruce F.
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SHELLFISH ,MARINE toxins ,SEAFOOD poisoning ,DINOFLAGELLATES ,ETHERS ,PHARMACOLOGY - Abstract
Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) is known to be caused by okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1), and pectenotoxins (PTX) that are polycyclic ethers produced by marine dinoflagellates, mainly Dinophysis sp. Yessotoxin (YTX) is also classified as a DSP toxin, because it was first isolated in 1987 from scallops that were implicated in a DSP episode. Twenty two structural analogs of yessotoxin have now been isolated either from shellfish, or the dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedrum . Metabolism of YTX to 45-hydroxyYTX, carboxyYTX, and hydroxycarboxyYTX in mussels has been reported. However, most yessotoxin analogs initially isolated from shellfish extractions now also have been isolated from cultures of P. reticulatum . The pharmacological activity of the yessotoxin group is distinctly different from those of OA, DTX-1, and PTX and this has fueled a move to remove YTX from the DSP group. This review focuses on advances in the chemistry, pharmacology, and detection of yessotoxins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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29. Plankton resting stages in recent sediments of Haifa port, Israel (Eastern Mediterranean) - Distribution, viability and potential environmental consequences
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Bella S. Galil, Fernando Rubino, and Manuela Belmonte
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0106 biological sciences ,Geologic Sediments ,biodiversità ,Environment ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,specie tossiche ,Mediterranean Sea ,Akashiwo sanguinea ,plancton ,Gymnodinium ,Ciliophora ,Israel ,ecologia marina ,stadi di resistenza ,Ciliate ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,inquinamento ,biology ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Estuary ,Plankton ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Mediterraneo orientale ,biologia marina ,Oligotrich ,Dinoflagellida ,Eutrophication ,Lingulodinium polyedrum - Abstract
Resting stages of plankton were sampled in the surficial sediments in the port of Haifa, Israel, on the eve of a major port enlargement project. We recorded the structure of the assemblages and examined their relationship with different environments within the port. Our findings reveal a remarkably high diversity coupled with low density and the highest number of oligotrich ciliate cyst types recorded from marine sediments. Near the eutrophic and highly polluted zone of the Kishon estuary ciliates were more abundant than elsewhere in the port, whereas dinoflagellates' abundance was reduced, and these trends held true both for full and empty cysts. Some harmful or potentially toxic species, such as Scrippsiella acuminata, were widespread in the port. The toxigenic species include Alexandrium minutum, Gymnodinium uncatenatum and Lingulodinium polyedrum. Active cells of the unarmoured, bloom-forming Akashiwo sanguinea were identified in the cultures obtained from the incubated sediments. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- 2017
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30. Bioluminescence in Dinoflagellates: Evidence that the Adaptive Value of Bioluminescence in Dinoflagellates is Concentration Dependent
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Edith A. Widder and Karen A. Hanley
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0106 biological sciences ,Luminescence ,biology ,Ecology ,ved/biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,fungi ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Dinoflagellate ,Pyrodinium bahamense ,General Medicine ,Aposematism ,biology.organism_classification ,Adaptation, Physiological ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Dinoflagellida ,Animals ,Bioluminescence ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Clearance rate ,Copepod ,Acartia tonsa - Abstract
Three major hypotheses have been proposed to explain why dinoflagellate bioluminescence deters copepod grazing: startle response, aposematic warning, and burglar alarm. These hypotheses propose dinoflagellate bioluminescence (A) startles predatory copepods, (B) warns potential predators of toxicity, and (C) draws the attention of higher order visual predators to the copepod's location. While the burglar alarm is the most commonly accepted hypothesis, it requires a high concentration of bioluminescent dinoflagellates to be effective, meaning the bioluminescence selective advantage at lower, more commonly observed, dinoflagellate concentrations may result from another function (e.g. startle response or aposematic warning). Therefore, a series of experiments was conducted to evaluate copepod grazing (Acartia tonsa) on bioluminescent dinoflagellates (during bioluminescent and nonbioluminescent phases, corresponding to night and day, respectively) at different concentrations (10, 1000, and 3000 cells mL-1 ), on toxic (Pyrodinium bahamense var. bahamense) and nontoxic (Lingulodinium polyedrum) bioluminescent dinoflagellates, and in the presence of nonluminescent diatoms (Thalassiosira eccentrica). Changes in copepod ingestion rates, clearance rates, and feeding preferences as a result of these experimental factors, particularly during the mixed trails with nonluminescent diatoms, indicate there is a concentration threshold at which the burglar alarm becomes effective and below which dinoflagellate bioluminescence functions as an aposematic warning.
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- 2017
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31. A quantitative model for flow-induced bioluminescence in dinoflagellates
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Deane, G.B. and Dale Stokes, M.
- Subjects
- *
PHOTOBIOLOGY , *BIOLUMINESCENCE , *DINOFLAGELLATES , *BIOLOGICAL mathematical modeling - Abstract
Abstract: A model is presented for the flash response of bioluminescent dinoflagellates stimulated by fluid shear. The model is based on the idea that the response of an individual cell to stimulation is inherently probabilistic, and can be modeled as a Poisson process over short time scales. A new cell parameter, the cell anxiety, is introduced to parameterize the probability of flashing. The statistical model is incorporated into a description of fully developed fluid flow in pipes and a cylindrical Couette chamber, and found to compare favorably with previously published data from experiments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde, and glutathione contents in the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum (Dinophyceae) grown in batch-cultures.
- Author
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Sigaud-Kutner, Teresa C. S., Pinto, Ernani, Neto, Ana M. P., and Colepicolo, Pio
- Subjects
- *
DINOFLAGELLATES , *ENZYMES , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *CHEMICAL inhibitors , *CATALASE , *METALLOENZYMES - Abstract
Catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) contents, were determined during the growth of the unicellular marine alga Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge in batch-cultures. CAT and APX activity peaks were detected at the beginning of algal exponential growth, although declining trends were subsequently identified in both enzymes, with a slight increase in CAT activity at the end of the experimental period. MDA content attained maximum values from day 0–3 and at the end of the experimental period (day 21), declining halfway from day 10–14. GSH and GSSG contents presented the highest values at the beginning of the growth curve, decreasing from day 3 onwards. Despite the depletion of the GSH pool, an upward trend was observed in the (GSH) (0.5 GSSG + GSH)−1 ratio, indicating that the L. polyedrum cells were able to maintain an increasing redox potential along exponential and linear growth phases in their efforts to prevent oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Production and release of yessotoxins by the dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedrum in culture
- Author
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Paz, Beatriz, Riobó, Pilar, Luisa Fernández, M., Fraga, Santiago, and Franco, José M.
- Subjects
- *
CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis , *MASS spectrometry , *TOXINS , *CELLS - Abstract
The presence of YTX was confirmed in Protoceratium reticulatum cultures and detected for the first time in Lingulodinium polyedrum cultures, mainly in the cells but also, to a lesser extent, dissolved in the culture medium. The production of yessotoxins (YTXs) by cultures of different strains of P. reticulatum and L. polyedrum was studied with liquid chromatography coupled to fluorometric detection using the dienophile reagent DMEQ-TAD and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. When comparing toxin production at different stages of culture growth, larger amounts of toxins were observed in the cellular fraction and in the culture medium at the last stage of the culture (day 21) in both species. Although YTX was detected in culture medium, with this study it was not possible to explain which is the release mechanism of the toxin in the medium. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Extracellular pH Is Under Circadian Control in Gonyaulax polyedra and Forms a Metabolic Feedback Loop.
- Author
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Eisensamer, Brigitte and Roenneberg, Till
- Subjects
- *
METABOLISM , *ALEXANDRIUM , *PHOTOSYNTHESIS , *MARINE algae , *ECOLOGY , *PLANT physiology - Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between the circadian clock and metabolism based on recordings of the extracellular pH in cultures of the marine dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra. In light-dark cycles, pH of the medium rises during the light phase and declines in the dark. The amplitude of this pH-rhythm correlates with light intensity, indicating photosynthesis (and respiration) as the driving force. The recorded extracellular pH changes probably reflect the need to control intracellular pH in spite of pH-modifying reactions. The daily pH-changes are under control of the circadian clock because they continue to oscillate with a circa-24 h period in constant light, albeit with a smaller amplitude. Similar to other circadian output rhythms, the pH rhythm depends (amplitude and phase) on nitrate levels in the medium. Both the bioluminescence and the pH rhythm can also be shifted by extracellular pH-changes although Gonyaulax is rarely exposed to significant pH changes in its marine ecosystems (except for highly dense algal blooms). Because intracellular proton levels are both affecting circadian input and output they form a feedback loop with the Gonyaulax circadian system indicating complex interactions between metabolism and the circadian clock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. MECHANISMS OF FLUID SHEAR-INDUCED INHIBITION OF POPULATION GROWTH IN A RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE1.
- Author
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Juhl, Andrew R. and Latz, Michael I.
- Subjects
- *
DINOFLAGELLATES , *PLANT cell cycle , *CELL death , *FLOW cytometry - Abstract
Net population growth of some dinoflagellates is inhibited by fluid shear at shear stresses comparable with those generated during oceanic turbulence. Decreased net growth may occur through lowered cell division, increased mortality, or both. The dominant mechanism under various flow conditions was determined for the red-tide dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge. Cell division and mortality were determined by direct observation of isolated cells in 0.5-mL cultures that were shaken to generate unquantified fluid shear. Larger volume cultures were exposed to quantified laminar shear in Couette-flow chambers (0.004–0.019 N·m- 2 shear stress) and to unquantified flow in shaken flasks. In these larger cultures, cell division frequency was calculated from flow cytometric measurements of DNA·cell-1 . The mechanism by which shear inhibits net growth of L. polyedrum depends on shear stress level and growth conditions. Observations on the isolated cells showed that shaking inhibited growth by lowering cell division without increased mortality. Similar results were found for early exponential-phase cultures exposed to the lowest experimental shear stress in Couette-flow chambers. However, mortality occurred when a late exponential-phase culture was exposed to the same low shear stress and was inferred to occur in cultures exposed to higher shear stresses. Elevated mortality in those treatments was confirmed using behavioral, morphological, and physiological assays. The results predict that cell division in L. polyedrum populations will be inhibited by levels of oceanic turbulence common for near-surface waters. Shear-induced mortality is not expected unless shear-stress levels are unusually high or when cellular condition resembles late exponential/stationary phase cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. MECHANISMS OF FLUID SHEAR-INDUCED INHIBITION OF POPULATION GROWTH IN A RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE1.
- Author
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Juhl, Andrew R. and Latz, Michael I.
- Subjects
DINOFLAGELLATES ,PLANT cell cycle ,CELL death ,FLOW cytometry - Abstract
Net population growth of some dinoflagellates is inhibited by fluid shear at shear stresses comparable with those generated during oceanic turbulence. Decreased net growth may occur through lowered cell division, increased mortality, or both. The dominant mechanism under various flow conditions was determined for the red-tide dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge. Cell division and mortality were determined by direct observation of isolated cells in 0.5-mL cultures that were shaken to generate unquantified fluid shear. Larger volume cultures were exposed to quantified laminar shear in Couette-flow chambers (0.004–0.019 N·m
- 2 shear stress) and to unquantified flow in shaken flasks. In these larger cultures, cell division frequency was calculated from flow cytometric measurements of DNA·cell-1 . The mechanism by which shear inhibits net growth of L. polyedrum depends on shear stress level and growth conditions. Observations on the isolated cells showed that shaking inhibited growth by lowering cell division without increased mortality. Similar results were found for early exponential-phase cultures exposed to the lowest experimental shear stress in Couette-flow chambers. However, mortality occurred when a late exponential-phase culture was exposed to the same low shear stress and was inferred to occur in cultures exposed to higher shear stresses. Elevated mortality in those treatments was confirmed using behavioral, morphological, and physiological assays. The results predict that cell division in L. polyedrum populations will be inhibited by levels of oceanic turbulence common for near-surface waters. Shear-induced mortality is not expected unless shear-stress levels are unusually high or when cellular condition resembles late exponential/stationary phase cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge red tide in shellfish areas along Doukkala coast (Moroccan Atlantic)
- Author
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Bennouna, A., Berland, B., El Attar, J., and Assobhei, O.
- Subjects
- *
RED tide , *POISONOUS shellfish - Abstract
A red tide of Lingulodinium polyedrum occured along the moroccan atlantic coast in july 1999. Observed in the beginning of the month in the Kenitra area, it spreads with the coastal drift as far as the south of safi, passing on its way upon a sanitary monitored area. This area which is submitted to an all year round bimonthly monitoring analysis of phytoplankton, contains significant natural beds of oysters, clams and mussels, as well as shellfish farms in Oualidia and Sidi Moussa lagoons. However, during this period of bloom, there was weekly monitoring of hydrologic and climatic data associated with phytoplankton analysis to identifiy the causes of this bloom.This bloom occured in 17–18°C surface waters, temperatures which are favourable to dinoflagellate encystment and development. The observation of two to three colored strips parallel to the coast suggests phytoplankton aggregation generated by internal waves created by moderate winds blowing constantly in the same direction and at constant speed at the time of the bloom. A change of climatic conditions might also be the cause of the dispersal of the phenomenon. We remark that this exceptional bloom has never reached the coastal shellfish sites, nor the monitored lagoons. The maximum Lingulodinium concentration observed was 79.103 cell l–1 at Sidi Moussa lagoon and minimum concentrations ranged from 1,6.103 cell l–1 to 18.103 cell l–1 at coastal stations. The diarrheic toxicity found in the shellfish (mussels, oysters) cannot be imputed to L. polyedrum but to associated species such as Dinophysis acuminata and D. acuta which were present, though in low density in these waters.However, taking into account the controversy on the L. polyedrum toxicity and its frequent involvement in red tides, it is necessary to include it among the potentially harmful species that should be monitored along Moroccan coasts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. High sensitivity of rat cardiomyoblast H9c2(2-1) cells to Gambierdiscus toxic compounds
- Author
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Elsa T. Rodrigues, Paulo J. Oliveira, Raquel A.F. Neves, Miguel A. Pardal, Alexandra Silva, and Silvia M. Nascimento
- Subjects
Ciguatoxin ,Time Factors ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Sulforhodamine B ,Cell Culture Techniques ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Algal bloom ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Microbiology ,Cell Line ,Ciguatoxins ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Inhibitory Concentration 50 ,Amphidinium carterae ,Animals ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,EC50 ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Amphidinium ,ved/biology ,Dinoflagellate ,Ciguatera Poisoning ,biology.organism_classification ,Plankton ,Rats ,chemistry ,Dinoflagellida ,Biological Assay ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Myoblasts, Cardiac ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Ciguatera fish poisoning is a frequently reported non-bacterial food-borne illness related to the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins, and possibly maitotoxins. These toxins are synthesized by marine dinoflagellate species of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa genera, and their abundance is a matter of great concern due to their adverse effects to aquatic life and human health. The present study aims to assess the sensitivity of rat cardiomyoblast H9c2(2−1) cells to Gambierdiscus toxic compounds using concentration- and time-dependent sulforhodamine B (SRB) colorimetric assays. Low concentrations of Gambierdiscus extracts (corresponding to 1.3–2.3 cells mL−1) induced a concentration-dependent response. Specificity in time-dependent response of H9c2(2−1) cells was demonstrated for G. excentricus after a 180 min exposure compared to both G. cf. belizeanus and G. silvae species, with EC50s obtained after 720 and 360 min, respectively. The sensitivity of H9c2(2−1) cells to dinoflagellate toxic compounds was also tested with other genera from benthic (Coolia malayensis, Ostreopsis cf. ovata, Prorocentrum hoffmannianum and P. lima) and planktonic (Amphidinium carterae and Lingulodinium polyedrum) habitats. Amphidinium, Coolia and Lingulodinium data did not present any concentration-response relationships, and EC50 values could only be obtained after 720 and 1440 min of exposure to both Prorocentrum species and O. cf. ovata, respectively. This study demonstrated that the H9c2(2−1) SRB assay represents a promising and sensitive tool for the detection of Gambierdiscus toxic compounds present in water samples, particularly of G. excentricus at very low cell abundances.
- Published
- 2019
39. The relationship between toxic phytoplankton species occurrence and environmental and meteorological factors along the Eastern Adriatic coast
- Author
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Ana Bakrač, Roman Garber, Sanda Skejić, Nikša Nazlić, Quentin Dekneudt, Frano Matić, Branka Grbec, Jasna Arapov, Mia Bužančić, Maja Straka, and Živana Ninčević Gladan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Freshwater inflow ,Toxic phytoplankton ,Self-organizing maps ,Adriatic Sea ,NAO index ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,Dinophysis acuta ,01 natural sciences ,Water column ,Algae ,Rivers ,Phytoplankton ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,ved/biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Temperature ,Estuary ,biology.organism_classification ,Oceanography ,Dinoflagellida ,Environmental science ,Seasons ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Dinophysis - Abstract
In this study, the time series of toxic phytoplankton species collected between 2004 and 2018 from the Northern Adriatic, Sibenik Bay, and Mali Ston Bay was analyzed in relation to environmental (temperature, salinity, water column stability, and river flow) and meteorological parameters (precipitation and wind). Because of the mostly non-linear relation between biotic and abiotic parameters, self-organizing maps (SOM) were used to identify these relationships. SOM analysis distinguished species of the genus Dinophysis from Gonyaulax spinifera and Lingulodinium polyedrum species, which better tolerate wind-induced disturbance. Among the Dinophysis species, Dinophysis fortii, Dinophysis tripos, and Dinophysis acuta preferred higher precipitation rate and river flow in addition to optimal temperatures. The abundances of Alexandrium species, which occurred more frequently in estuarine areas, were associated with river flow and maximum stable water column. Regardless of the ecological preferences of individual harmful algae, freshwater inflow-caused stratification is present in all clusters of environmental conditions associated with increased abundances of harmful algae in the SOM analysis. It is highly likely that stratification represents an important factor for the development and maintenance of HABs. The non-linear relationship between the NAO index and rainfall was noted, of which the most important for the development of harmful algae is the proportional correlation between the positive phase of the NAO index and higher rainfall, especially in winter and spring. Such conditions are conducive to the development of harmful algae because, with the increase in temperature accompanying the positive phase of the NAO index, increased rainfall further stimulates their growth. This can be achieved either through nutrient yields or through higher freshwater inflow that further stabilizes the water column.
- Published
- 2019
40. Label-free MS/MS analyses of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium identifies rhythmic proteins facilitating adaptation to a diurnal LD cycle
- Author
-
Samuel Chun-Lap Lo, David Morse, Sirius P.K. Tse, Carl Bowazolo, Mathieu Beauchemin, and Jean Rivoal
- Subjects
Proteomics ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Proteome ,Acclimatization ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Aconitase ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Luciferase ,Photosynthesis ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Dinoflagellate ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Amino acid ,Enzyme ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Dinoflagellida ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Flux (metabolism) ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
Protein levels were assessed in the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra over the course of a diurnal cycle using a label-free LC-MS/MS approach. Roughly 1700 proteins were quantitated in a triplicate dataset over a daily period, and 13 were found to show significant rhythmic changes. Included among the proteins found to be most abundant at night were the two bioluminescence proteins, luciferase and luciferin binding protein, as well as a proliferating cell nuclear protein involved in the nightly DNA replication. Aconitase and a pyrophosphate fructose-6-phosphate-1-phosphotransferase were also found to be more abundant at night, suggestive of an increased ability to generate ATP by glucose catabolism when photosynthesis does not occur. Among the proteins more abundant during the day were found a 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone synthase, potentially involved in synthesis of mycosporin-like amino acids that can act as a “microbial sunscreen”, and an enzyme synthesizing vitamin B6 which is known to protect against oxidative stress. A lactate oxidoreductase was also found to be more abundant during the day, perhaps to counteract the pH changes due to carbon fixation by facilitating conversion of pyruvate to lactate. This unbiased proteomic approach reveals novel insights into the daily metabolic changes of this dinoflagellate. Furthermore, the observation that only a limited number of proteins vary support a model where metabolic flux through pathways can be controlled by variations in a select few, possibly rate limiting, steps. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006994.
- Published
- 2019
41. Dinoflagellate resting cysts from surface sediments of the Adriatic Ports: Distribution and potential spreading patterns
- Author
-
Laura Pezzolesi, Stefania Finotto, Elena Di Poi, Romina Kraus, Živana Ninčević Gladan, Mateja Grego, Elena Riccardi, Vesna Flander-Putrle, Marina Cabrini, Nataša Kužat, Fabrizio Bernardi Aubry, Mauro Bastianini, and Elena Di Poi, Romina Kraus, Marina Cabrini, Stefania Finotto, Vesna Flander-Putrle, Mateja Grego, Nataša Kužat, Živana Ninčević Gladan, Laura Pezzolesi, Elena Riccardi, Fabrizio Bernardi Aubry, Mauro Bastianini
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Alexandrium minutum ,Ballast ,Geologic Sediments ,Croatia ,Slovenia ,Biodiversity ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Abundance (ecology) ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Dinoflagellate cysts ,Non-indigenous species ,Port baseline survey ,Ballast waters ,Circulation ,Adriatic Sea ,Mediterranean Sea ,Microalgae ,Transportation Facilities ,Marine Science ,14. Life underwater ,Ships ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Dinoflagellate ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Geophysics ,Taxon ,Italy ,General Circulation Model ,Dinoflagellida ,Environmental science ,Dinoflagellate cysts Non-indigenous species Port baseline survey Ballast waters Circulation Adriatic Sea ,Seasons ,Introduced Species ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,dinoflagellate cysts ,non-indigenous species ,port baseline survey ,ballast waters ,circulation ,Biological Monitoring - Abstract
The ability of microalgae to preserve viable in coastal sediments as resting forms provides a reservoir of biodiversity and a useful tool to determine species spreadings. This study represents the first port baseline survey on dinoflagellate cysts, investigated in nine Adriatic ports during a cross border project. 40 dinoflagellate taxa were detected. The assemblages resulted in all ports dominated by Lingulodinium polyedra and Alexandrium minutum/affine/tamutum group. General separation to the western and eastern side of the Adriatic regarding cysts assemblage composition, partially abundance, was observed. Six taxa were detected as non-indigenous species for the Adriatic. Two taxa are included in the list of harmful aquatic organisms, indicating the potential threat of ballast waters in the Adriatic. Potential spreading of taxa by general circulation and ballast waters, intra- and extra-Adriatic was investigated. The entering in to force of the ballast waters management regulations should enhance prospects to minimize future harmful impacts.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Harmful algal blooms of the Benguela eastern boundary upwelling system
- Author
-
Deon C. Louw and Grant C. Pitcher
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Aureococcus anophagefferens ,Alexandrium catenella ,Harmful Algal Bloom ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Algal bloom ,South Africa ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,Animals ,Ecosystem ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Diatoms ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Domoic acid ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Shellfish poisoning ,Fishery ,chemistry ,Dinoflagellida ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning ,Dinophysis - Abstract
The Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) is subject to a high incidence of HABs. Of the major shellfish poisoning syndromes associated with HABs, Paralytic and Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP and DSP) pose the greatest concern, but as documented herein there are several other HAB organisms that are also present. Blooms of Alexandrium catenella have been recognised as the typical cause of PSP since 1948. In addition to the risk posed to human health A. catenella has also been the cause of large shellfish and bird mortalities. An additional risk of PSP is provided by Alexandrium minutum first detected in Cape Town harbour in 2003. DSP was identified on the South African coast for the first time in 1991. Although several Dinophysis spp. known to cause DSP have been recognized as a component of the plankton of the region, it is accepted that DSP is usually attributed to D. acuminata or D. fortii. In the southern Benguela both Pseudo-nitzschia australis and Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries have been identified and shown to produce domoic acid. Multiple Pseudo-nitzschia spp. have been identified in the northern Benguela with the potentially toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia pungens and P. australis dominant inshore. The yessotoxin (YTX) producing dinoflagellates Gonyaulax spinifera, Lingulodinium polyedrum and Protoceratium reticulatum are all known to form blooms and YTXs have been the cause of massive mortalities of farmed abalone. Prominent fish-killing blooms include Karlodinium veneficum in the northern Benguela and Karenia cristata in the southern Benguela. Shellfish farms in an embayment of the southern Benguela have suffered reduced growth rates due to the ecosystem disruptive blooms of Aureococcus anophagefferens. High biomass dinoflagellate blooms often attributed to Tripos and Prorocentrum spp. characterise the entire region and major mortalities of marine life are regularly attributed to their decay and the subsequent development of anoxic conditions.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Mixotrophy in the phototrophic dinoflagellate Takayama helix (family Kareniaceae): Predator of diverse toxic and harmful dinoflagellates
- Author
-
Sung Yeon Lee, Ji Eun Kwon, An Suk Lim, So Jin Kim, Hae Jin Jeong, and Jin Hee Ok
- Subjects
Diatoms ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Food Chain ,Karenia mikimotoi ,biology ,Takayama helix ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Red tide ,Dinoflagellate ,Plant Science ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Phototrophic Processes ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Alexandrium tamarense ,Botany ,Dinoflagellida ,Akashiwo sanguinea ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Heterosigma akashiwo ,Cryptophyta - Abstract
Takayama spp. are phototrophic dinoflagellates belonging to the family Kareniaceae and have caused fish kills in several countries. Understanding their trophic mode and interactions with co-occurring phytoplankton species are critical steps in comprehending their ecological roles in marine ecosystems, bloom dynamics, and dinoflagellate evolution. To investigate the trophic mode and interactions of Takayama spp., the ability of Takayama helix to feed on diverse algal species was examined, and the mechanisms of prey ingestion were determined. Furthermore, growth and ingestion rates of T. helix feeding on the dinoflagellates Alexandrium lusitanicum and Alexandrium tamarense, which are two optimal prey items, were determined as a function of prey concentration. T. helix ingested large dinoflagellates ≥15μm in size, except for the dinoflagellates Karenia mikimotoi, Akashiwo sanguinea, and Prorocentrum micans (i.e., it fed on Alexandrium minutum, A. lusitanicum, A. tamarense, A. pacificum, A. insuetum, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Coolia canariensis, Coolia malayensis, Gambierdiscus caribaeus, Gymnodinium aureolum, Gymnodinium catenatum, Gymnodinium instriatum, Heterocapsa triquetra, Lingulodinium polyedrum, and Scrippsiella trochoidea). All these edible prey items are dinoflagellates that have diverse eco-physiology such as toxic and non-toxic, single and chain forming, and planktonic and benthic forms. However, T. helix did not feed on small flagellates and dinoflagellates
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Cadmium decreases the levels of glutathione and enhances the phytochelatin concentration in the marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum
- Author
-
Leonardo Zambotti-Villela, M. Teresa Machini, Cleber Wanderlei Liria, Renato Lahos Romano, and Pio Colepicolo
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,urologic and male genital diseases ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Redox ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Cadmium ,Dinoflagellate ,Glutathione ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Phytochelatin ,POLUIÇÃO DA ÁGUA ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Intracellular ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
The toxic effects of metals on the aquatic environment are documented and well known. Metals are able to unbalance the intracellular redox potential and, therefore, induce the oxidative stress in living organisms. In this study, the responses of glutathione [reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG)] and the structurally GSH-related peptides phytochelatins 3 and 4 (PC3 and PC4) were examined in the marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum exposed to cadmium (Cd). A novel method for PC3 and PC4 synthesis is described here based on a Boc strategy, yielding peptides with purities higher than 97 %. Analytical detection of GSH, GSSG, PC3, and PC4 applying liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method had been developed and described as robust and accurate with a detection limit of nmol g−1 dry weight (DW) for PC3 and PC4. The intracellular levels of GSH and GSSG decreased dramatically over 24 and 48-h exposure to 18 μmol L−1 Cd. These decreases were followed by the enhancement of intracellular PC3 and PC4 levels, in which syntheses started to be detected after 2 and 8-h exposure, respectively. Moreover, the PC4/PC3 ratio reached its maximum over 24-h exposure, being 8 to 75-fold higher than the one observed for other microalgae. This seems to be an efficient strategy of L. polyedrum to be protected against Cd environment contamination, since PC4 has more chelating sites and is structurally more stable than PC2 and PC3, the most abundant for other microalgae.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The main nitrate transporter of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum is constitutively expressed and not responsible for daily variations in nitrate uptake rates
- Author
-
David Morse and Steve Dagenais Bellefeuille
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Anion Transport Proteins ,Plant Science ,Aquatic Science ,engineering.material ,Algal bloom ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nitrate ,Botany ,14. Life underwater ,Phylogeny ,Nitrates ,biology ,Dinoflagellate ,Nitrate Transporters ,biology.organism_classification ,6. Clean water ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Nitrate transport ,Dinoflagellida ,engineering ,Fertilizer ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Eutrophication ,Bacteria - Abstract
Dinoflagellates are unicellular eukaryotes capable of forming spectacular harmful algal blooms (HABs). Eutrophication of coastal waters by fertilizer runoff, nitrate in particular, has contributed to recent increases in the frequency, magnitude and geographic extent of HABs. Although physiological nitrate uptake and assimilation in dinoflagellates have often been measured in the field and in the laboratory, no molecular components involved in nitrate transport have yet been reported. This study reports the first identification and characterization of dinoflagellate nitrate transporters, found in the transcriptome of the bloom-forming Lingulodinium polyedrum. Of the 23 putative transporters found by BLAST searches, only members of the nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) family contained all key amino acids known to be essential for nitrate transport. The dinoflagellate NRT2 sequences have 12 predicted transmembrane domains, as do the NRT2 sequences of bacteria, plants and fungi. The NRT2 sequences in Lingulodinium appear to have two different evolutionary origins, as determined by phylogenetic analyses. The most expressed transcript of all putative nitrate transporters was determined by RNA-Seq to be LpNRT2.1. An antibody raised against this transporter showed that the same amount of protein was found at different times over the light dark cycle and with different sources of N. Finally, global nitrate uptake was assessed using a 15N tracer, which showed that the process was not under circadian-control as previously suggested, but simply light-regulated.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Dinoflagellate cyst distribution in the oligotrophic environments of the Gulf of Aqaba and northern Red Sea
- Author
-
Karin A F Zonneveld and Rehab Elshanawany
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,biology ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,fungi ,Dinoflagellate ,Paleontology ,Oceanography ,biology.organism_classification ,Synechococcus ,01 natural sciences ,Water column ,Diatom ,Abundance (ecology) ,Water environment ,Eutrophication ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Oligotrophic environmental systems form a major part of the marine aquatic environments on earth. Compared to mesotrophic and eutrophic environments extremely little information is available about the relationship between the distribution of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts and physical and biological gradients in the upper water column. Here we present the first comprehensive study of the modern geographic distribution of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in the oligotrophic environments of the northern Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba. We show that sediments of both regions have characteristic dinoflagellate cyst associations consisting of both heterotrophic and phototrophic species of which the latter, including both autotrophic and mixotrophic species, form the major part of the associations in both regions. The upper water environment of the Gulf of Aqaba is characterized by slightly enhanced nutrient concentrations compared to the Red Sea, due to water column mixing in winter. Its phytoplankton composition is dominated by pico- and ultra-plankton and a slight higher amount of eukaryotes compared to northern Red Sea. Its sedimentary cyst associations are characterized by higher relative and absolute abundances of the species Brigantedinium spp., Votadinium calvum, Echinidinium spp., Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Spiniferites spp., Spiniferites bentorii, Spiniferites membranaceus and Spiniferites mirabilis. Sediments of the northern Red Sea are characterized by high relative abundances of Impagidinium aculeatum, Impagidinium sphaericum, Operculodinium israelianum, Operculodinium longispinigerum, Operculodinium centrocarpum, cysts of Pentapharsodinium dalei, and Selenopemphix nephroides. A positive relationship between the distribution of the heterotrophic species Brigantedinium spp., Echinidinium spp. and V. calvum with the occurrence of other eukaryotic groups such as e.g. diatoms is documented. The distribution of S. nephroides cannot be related to the presence of diatom occurrences and it is suggested that the distribution of food sources other than diatoms affects its distribution. We document a positive relationship between the sedimentary distribution of the phototrophic dinoflagellate species L. machaerophorum and Spiniferites species and the abundance of the cyanobacteria Synechococcus in the water column. Since Synechococcus is known to be a potential prey of Lingulodinium polyedrum and members of the Gonyaulax spinifera complex (the motile forms producing these cysts) we suggest a possible cyst distribution–prey relationship of mixotrophic dinoflagellates.
- Published
- 2016
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47. The B-Vitamin Mutualism Between the Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum and the Bacterium Dinoroseobacter shibae
- Author
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Neal A. Holland, Ricardo Cruz-López, Kyoko Yarimizu, and Helmut Maske
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:QH1-199.5 ,particulate B7 ,Auxotrophy ,Ocean Engineering ,Aquatic Science ,lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,Oceanography ,Dinoflagellate-bacteria interactions ,03 medical and health sciences ,dissolved B12 ,growth limitation ,Food science ,Axenic ,lcsh:Science ,Water Science and Technology ,particulate B12 ,Mutualism (biology) ,Global and Planetary Change ,biology ,Chemistry ,Dinoflagellate ,Prokaryote ,biology.organism_classification ,B vitamins ,030104 developmental biology ,B vitamin auxotrophy ,lcsh:Q ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Bacteria - Abstract
Recent research has shown that in aquatic systems pairs of prokaryote and eukaryote species exercise symbiotic exchanges of metabolites that are essential for the proliferation of either species. Using dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum cultures and a factorial design, we examined its growth at different concentrations of vitamin B1 (thiamine) and B12 (cobalamin). When both vitamins were at their lowest concentrations tested, 0.033 pM of B1 and 0.053 pM of B12 the growth was limited. When axenic L. polyedrum was co-cultured with the bacterium Dinoroseobacter shibae, a known B1 and B12 producer, then L. polyedrum grew at the same rate as in culture media supplemented with B1 and B12. In the L. polyedrum vitamin—limited culture (V-L), the abundance of attached and free-living D. shibae was higher than in the vitamin—replete (V-R) culture. In the V-R and V-L co-cultures the measured particulate B12 (pB12) concentration of attached and free-living D. shibae were in the range of 4.7 × 10−19 to 3 × 10−18 and 8.4 × 10−21 to1.2 × 10−19 (mol cell−1), respectively. Without B12 or B7 (biotin) added to the culture medium of a co-culture of L. polyedrum and D. shibae, the measured dissolved B12 (dB12) concentration was more than 60 pM higher than necessary for un-limited growth rates of L. polyedrum. In the same culture we measured B7 in the L. polyedrum particulate fraction (pB7; 4.7 × 10−19 to 9.4 × 10−19 mol cell−1). We suggest that in response to the production of B1 and B12 by D. shibae to supply L. polyedrum requeriments, the latter produced B7, which is required by D. shibae, and in our culture was only produced by L. polyedrum when D. shibae was present. We propose that D. shibae can control L. polyedrum through the release of B1 and B12, and L. polyedrum can control D. shibae through the release of B7. D. shibae is also auxotroph for niacin and 4-amino-benzoic acid, not provided by the culture medium. Therefore, L. polyedrum might affect a similar control through the release of these specific compounds and organic substrate necessary for the growth of D. shibae.
- Published
- 2018
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48. Expanding known dinoflagellate distributions: investigations of slurry cultures from Caspian Sea sediment
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Suzanne A.G. Leroy, Joe D. Taylor, Klaire Neale, Jane Lewis, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Gonyaulax baltica ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Kryptoperidinium foliaceum ,Dinoflagellate ,Sediment ,Zoology ,Plant Science ,Aquatic Science ,Plankton ,Caspian Sea ,Gymnodinium aureolum ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,parasitic diseases ,Slurry ,Gonyaulax ,14. Life underwater ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
To investigate the disparity between plankton and cyst records, sediment slurry cultures were used to isolate the motile stage of dinoflagellates from Caspian Sea sediment. This has resulted in new records for this area of Kryptoperidinium foliaceum, Gymnodinium aureolum and Woloszynskia sp. and for the cyst record, Scrippsiella acuminata. Two Gonyaulax species were isolated, one was identified as Gonyaulax baltica and the other an unknown species. Cultures of Lingulodinium polyedra were also isolated. The approach of using slurries was useful to provide cultures from sediments that were relatively poor in dinoflagellate cysts with contents.
- Published
- 2018
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49. Identification of Phytoplankton Blooms under the Index of Inherent Optical Properties (IOP Index)
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María-Teresa Sebastiá-Frasquet, Omar D. Cervantes-Rosas, Lus M. López, Adriana González-Silvera, Jesús A. Aguilar-Maldonado, Angélica Gutiérrez-Magness, and Eduardo Santamaría-del-Ángel
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biology ,lcsh:A ,Chaetoceros ,biology.organism_classification ,water quality ,monitoring ,Colored dissolved organic matter ,Oceanography ,Diatom ,Phytoplankton ,phytoplankton ,detritus ,Environmental science ,CDOM ,Karenia brevis ,lcsh:General Works ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Bloom ,absorption coefficients ,Bay - Abstract
Phytoplankton blooms are sporadic events in time and isolated in space. This complex phenomenon is produced by a variety of both natural and anthropogenic causes. Early detection of this phenomenon, as well as the classification of a water body under conditions of bloom or non-bloom, remains an unresolved problem. This research proposes the use of Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) in optically complex waters to detect the bloom or non-bloom state of the phytoplankton community. An IOP index is calculated from the absorption coefficients of the colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), the phytoplankton (φ) and the detritus (d), using the wavelength (λ) 443 nm. The effectiveness of this index is tested in five bloom events in different places and with different characteristics from Mexican seas: (1) Dzilam (Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean) a diatom bloom (Rhizosolenia hebetata); (2) Holbox (Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean) a mixed bloom of dinoflagellates (Scrippsiella sp.) and diatoms (Chaetoceros sp.); (3) Campeche Bay in the Gulf of Mexico (Atlantic Ocean) a bloom of dinoflagellates (Karenia brevis); (4) Upper Gulf of California (UGC) (Pacific Ocean) a diatoms bloom (Planktoniella sol) and (5) Todos Santos Bay, Ensenada (Pacific Ocean) a dinoflagellates bloom (Lingulodinium polyedrum). The diversity of sites shows that the IOP index is a suitable method to determine the bloom conditions.
- Published
- 2017
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50. Iron uptake and storage in the HAB dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum
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Hendrik Auerbach, Larissa Heimann, Ricardo Cruz-López, Kyoko Yarimizu, Volker Schünemann, and Carl J. Carrano
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Siderophore ,Iron ,Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ,Siderophores ,01 natural sciences ,Algal bloom ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Biomaterials ,03 medical and health sciences ,Spectroscopy, Mossbauer ,Botany ,Citrates ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Metals and Alloys ,Dinoflagellate ,Marinobacter ,Eutrophication ,biology.organism_classification ,Pyrrolidinones ,030104 developmental biology ,Dinoflagellida ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Lingulodinium polyedrum ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Bacteria ,Mixotroph - Abstract
The iron uptake and storage systems of terrestrial/higher plants are now reasonably well understood with two basic strategies being distinguished: Strategy I involves the induction of an Fe(III)-chelate reductase (ferrireductase) along with Fe(II) or Fe(III) transporter proteins while strategy II plants have evolved sophisticated systems based on high-affinity, iron specific, binding compounds called phytosiderophores. In contrast, there is little knowledge about the corresponding systems in marine, plant-like lineages. Herein we report a study of the iron uptake and storage mechanisms in the harmful algal bloom dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum. L. polyedrum is an armored dinoflagellate with a mixotrophic lifestyle and one of the most common bloom species on Southern California coast widely noted for its bioluminescent properties and as a producer of yessotoxins. Short term radio-iron uptake studies indicate that iron is taken up by L. polyedrum in a time dependent manner consistent with an active transport process. Based on inhibitor and other studies it appears that a reductive-oxidative pathway such as that found in yeast and the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is likely. Of the various iron sources tested vibrioferrin, a photoactive and relatively weak siderophore produced by potentially mutualistic Marinobacter bacterial species, was the most efficient. Other more stable and non-photoactive siderophores such as ferrioxamine E were ineffective. Several pieces of data including long term exposure to 57Fe using Mossbauer spectroscopy suggest that L. polyedrum does not possess an iron storage system but rather presumably relies on an efficient iron uptake system, perhaps mediated by mutualistic interactions with bacteria.
- Published
- 2017
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