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1. An 8000 years old genome reveals the Neolithic origin of the zoonosis Brucella melitensis

Author

Louis L’Hôte, Ian Light, Valeria Mattiangeli, Matthew D. Teasdale, Áine Halpin, Lionel Gourichon, Felix M. Key, and Kevin G. Daly

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Brucella melitensis is a major livestock bacterial pathogen and zoonosis, causing disease and infection-related abortions in small ruminants and humans. A considerable burden to animal-based economies today, the presence of Brucella in Neolithic pastoral communities has been hypothesised but we lack direct genomic evidence thus far. We report a 3.45X B. melitensis genome preserved in an ~8000 year old sheep specimen from Menteşe Höyük, Northwest Türkiye, demonstrating that the pathogen had evolved and was circulating in Neolithic livestock. The genome is basal with respect to all known B. melitensis and allows the calibration of the B. melitensis speciation time from the primarily cattle-infecting B. abortus to approximately 9800 years Before Present (BP), coinciding with a period of consolidation and dispersal of livestock economies. We use the basal genome to timestamp evolutionary events in B. melitensis, including pseudogenization events linked to erythritol response, the supposed determinant of the pathogen’s placental tropism in goats and sheep. Our data suggest that the development of herd management and multi-species livestock economies in the 11th–9th millennium BP drove speciation and host adaptation of this zoonotic pathogen.

Published
2024
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2. Modelling the earliest north-western dispersal of Mediterranean Impressed Wares: new dates and Bayesian chronological model

Author

Didier Binder, Philippe Lanos, Lucia Angeli, Louise Gomart, Jean Guilaine, Claire Manen, Roberto Maggi, Italo M. Muntoni, Chiara Panelli, Giovanna Radi, Carlo Tozzi, Daniele Arobba, Janet Battentier, Mario Brandaglia, Laurent Bouby, François Briois, Alain Carré, Claire Delhon, Lionel Gourichon, Philippe Marinval, Renato Nisbet, Stefano Rossi, Peter Rowley-Conwy, and Stéphanie Thiébault

Subjects
Italy, France, Neolithic, Impressed-Wares, Bayesian modelling, Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract

The authors attempt to specify the diffusion pattern of the Impressed-Ware Neolithic (Im­presso-cardial complex, ICC), from south-eastern Italy onto the French Mediterranean coasts. Using ChronoModel® software, a Bayesian model was built with sets of dates obtained on well-contextualised, short-lived samples. The results highlight a clear tightening of the chronology in the so-called nuclear area (Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria) and a pioneer dispersal at record speed in the Tyrrhe­nian Basin. Moreover, they question the origins and initial developments of the Impressed-Wares techno-complex.

Published
2017
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3. Data sharing reveals complexity in the westward spread of domestic animals across Neolithic Turkey.

Author

Benjamin S Arbuckle, Sarah Whitcher Kansa, Eric Kansa, David Orton, Canan Çakırlar, Lionel Gourichon, Levent Atici, Alfred Galik, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Jacqui Mulville, Hijlke Buitenhuis, Denise Carruthers, Bea De Cupere, Arzu Demirergi, Sheelagh Frame, Daniel Helmer, Louise Martin, Joris Peters, Nadja Pöllath, Kamilla Pawłowska, Nerissa Russell, Katheryn Twiss, and Doris Würtenberger

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

This study presents the results of a major data integration project bringing together primary archaeozoological data for over 200,000 faunal specimens excavated from seventeen sites in Turkey spanning the Epipaleolithic through Chalcolithic periods, c. 18,000-4,000 cal BC, in order to document the initial westward spread of domestic livestock across Neolithic central and western Turkey. From these shared datasets we demonstrate that the westward expansion of Neolithic subsistence technologies combined multiple routes and pulses but did not involve a set 'package' comprising all four livestock species including sheep, goat, cattle and pig. Instead, Neolithic animal economies in the study regions are shown to be more diverse than deduced previously using quantitatively more limited datasets. Moreover, during the transition to agro-pastoral economies interactions between domestic stock and local wild fauna continued. Through publication of datasets with Open Context (opencontext.org), this project emphasizes the benefits of data sharing and web-based dissemination of large primary data sets for exploring major questions in archaeology (Alternative Language Abstract S1).

Published
2014
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6. Cementochronology for Archaeologists: Experiments and Testing for an Optimized Thin-Section Preparation Protocol

Author

Eric Pubert, Stephan Naji, Lionel Gourichon, Frédéric Santos, William Rendu, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Stephan Naji, William Rendu, Lionel Gourichon, and ANR-14-CE31-0011,CemeNTAA,Cémentochronologie : Nouvelles Techniques pour des Applications à l'Archéologie(2014)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

7. Cementochronology Protocol for Selecting a Region of Interest in Zooarchaeology

Author

William Rendu, Stephan Naji, Eric Pubert, Carlos Sánchez‐Hernández, Manon Vuillien, Hala Alarashi, Emmanuel Discamps, Elodie‐Laure Jimenez, Solange Rigaud, Lionel Gourichon, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Stephan Naji, William Rendu, Lionel Gourichon, ANR-14-CE31-0011,CemeNTAA,Cémentochronologie : Nouvelles Techniques pour des Applications à l'Archéologie(2014), and ANR-18-CE03-0007,DeerPal,Groupes humains et cervidés au Paléolithique: intégrer la variabilité de l'écologie et de l'éthologie des proies dans l'étude des interactions homme-environnement dans le passé(2018)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

8. New insights on Neolithic food and mobility patterns in Mediterranean coastal populations

Author

Lionel Gourichon, Laurent Bouby, Marie-France Deguilloux, Gwenaëlle Goude, Robert C. Power, Maïté Rivollat, Domingo C. Salazar-García, Marie-Hélène Pemonge, Didier Binder, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, Provenance, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Range (biology), Human Migration, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Biodiversity, Biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, 01 natural sciences, Bone and Bones, Anthropology, Physical, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Isotopes, Animals, Humans, Dental Calculus, 0601 history and archaeology, Arqueologia Metodologia, 14. Life underwater, DNA, Ancient, History, Ancient, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, 060102 archaeology, Mediterranean Region, Ecology, Stable isotope ratio, 06 humanities and the arts, Diet, Ancient DNA, Food, Phytolith, Anthropology, France, Species richness, Anatomy, Edible Grain
Abstract

OBJECTIVES The aims of this research are to explore the diet, mobility, social organization, and environmental exploitation patterns of early Mediterranean farmers, particularly the role of marine and plant resources in these foodways. In addition, this work strives to document possible gendered patterns of behavior linked to the neolithization of this ecologically rich area. To achieve this, a set of multiproxy analyses (isotopic analyses, dental calculus, microremains analysis, ancient DNA) were performed on an exceptional deposit (n = 61) of human remains from the Les Breguieres site (France), dating to the transition of the sixth to the fifth millennium BCE. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples used in this study were excavated from the Les Breguieres site (Mougins, Alpes-Maritimes, France), located along the southeastern Mediterranean coastline of France. Stable isotope analyses (C, N) on bone collagen (17 coxal bones, 35 craniofacial elements) were performed as a means to infer protein intake during tissue development. Sulfur isotope ratios were used as indicators of geographical and environmental points of origin. The study of ancient dental calculus helped document the consumption of plants. Strontium isotope analysis on tooth enamel (n = 56) was conducted to infer human provenance and territorial mobility. Finally, ancient DNA analysis was performed to study maternal versus paternal diversity within this Neolithic group (n = 30). RESULTS Stable isotope ratios for human bones range from -20.3 to -18.1‰ for C, from 8.9 to 11.1‰ for N and from 6.4 to 15‰ for S. Domestic animal data range from -22.0 to -20.2‰ for C, from 4.1 to 6.9‰ for N, and from 10.2 to 12.5‰ for S. Human enamel 87 Sr/86 Sr range from 0.7081 to 0.7102, slightly wider than the animal range (between 0.7087 and 0.7096). Starch and phytolith microremains were recovered as well as other types of remains (e.g., hairs, diatoms, fungal spores). Starch grains include Triticeae type and phytolith includes dicotyledons and monocot types as panicoid grasses. Mitochondrial DNA characterized eight different maternal lineages: H1, H3, HV (5.26%), J (10.53%), J1, K, T (5.2%), and U5 (10.53%) but no sample yielded reproducible Y chromosome SNPs, preventing paternal lineage characterization. DISCUSSION Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios indicate a consumption of protein by humans mainly focused on terrestrial animals and possible exploitation of marine resources for one male and one undetermined adult. Sulfur stable isotope ratios allowed distinguishing groups with different geographical origins, including two females possibly more exposed to the sea spray effect. While strontium isotope data do not indicate different origins for the individuals, mitochondrial lineage diversity from petrous bone DNA suggests the burial includes genetically differentiated groups or a group practicing patrilocality. Moreover, the diversity of plant microremains recorded in dental calculus provide the first evidence that the groups of Les Breguieres consumed a wide breadth of plant foods (as cereals and wild taxa) that required access to diverse environments. This transdisciplinary research paves the way for new perspectives and highlights the relevance for novel research of contexts (whether recently discovered or in museum collections) excavated near shorelines, due to the richness of the biodiversity and the wide range of edible resources available.

Published
2020

9. First consideration of using artificial intelligence to distinguish morphologically related species' bones in archaeozoology: defining the issues and the appropriate tools

Author

Minh Nhat Do, Franz Franco Gallo, Vanna Lisa Coli, Garberi Pauline, Lionel Gourichon, Manon Vuillien, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Analyse fonctionnelle pour la conception et l'analyse de systèmes (FACTAS), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)

Subjects
[INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

10. The Demeter project: eight millennia of agrobiodiversity changes in the northwest Mediterranean basin

Author

Allowen Evin, Laurent Bouby, Jerome Ros, Sarah Ivorra, María Saña, Marine Jeanjean, Angèle Jeanty, Camille Dham, Margaux Tillier, Julien Azuara, Vianney Forest, Ferran Antolin, Odile Peyron, Joaquim Ripoll, Vincent Bonhomme, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Isabel Figueiral, Lionel Gourichon, Laure Paradis, Jean-Frédéric Terral, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SAPPO - Departament de Prehistòria de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Seminari d'Arqueologia Prehistòrica del Pròxim Orient (SAPPO), Université Autonome de Barcelone-Université Autonome de Barcelone, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Basel (Unibas), Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientıficas (IMF-CSIC), Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Elisa Nicoud, Marie Balasse, Emmanuel Desclaux, Isabelle Théry-Parisot, and European Project: 852573,DEMETER

Subjects
[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; The development of agricultural societies is closely entangled with that of domestic animals and plants. Local and traditional domestic breeds and varieties are the result of millennia of selec- tion by farmers. DEMETER (2020-2025) is an international pro- ject which is aiming to characterize the changes in animal and plant agrobiodiversity (pigs, sheep, goats, and barley) in relation with environmental and socioeconomic factors in the northwes- tern Mediterranean basin since the beginnings of agriculture. The project is based on a combination of approaches including phe- nomics (through geometric morphometrics), databasing, zooar- chaeology, archaeobotany, climate modeling, paleoproteins (ZooMs) and statistical analyses. Several hundreds of archaeo- logical sites from the South of France and Catalonia will be stu- died, covering the maximum environmental, societal and cultural diversity of context over the course of the last eight millennia.

Published
2021

11. Human settlement in the highlands of southern Caucasus during Chalcolithic and Bronze Age through archeozoology, stable isotopes and cementochronology

Author

Adeline Vautrin, Marie Balasse, Rémi Berthon, Denis Fiorillo, Irina Gambaschidze, Giorgi Gogochuri, Lionel Gourichon, Michel Lemoine, Thomas Stöllner, Marjan Mashkour, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georgian National Museum, Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ruhr University Bochum (RUB)

Subjects
[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; The exploitation of montane ecosystems by agro-pastoral communities has played an important role in the development of thesesocieties in the Caucasus. Mountains can be constraining in winter as snow prevents access to pastures and constrains animal husbandry,but they also provide access to natural resources such as copper ores, obsidian and pastures. As human occupation in theCaucasus mountains is still very little studied, the archaeozoological approach makes it possible to test the hypothesis that zootechnicalinnovations have led to a more substantial implementation of human communities in the montane ecosystems. The studyof faunal remains makes it possible to account for the species that has been exploited (domestic or wild). Cementochronologicalanalyses of herbivores teeth will allow us to determine the seasons of occupation of the sites. Finally, it will be possible to investigatepastoral mobility (horizontal, vertical, etc.), herd feeding (use of fodder) and births seasonality with isotopic ratio analyses in bioapatite (carbon, oxygen, strontium) and collagen (nitrogen, carbon). The first results from various Georgian Chalcolithic and EarlyBronze Age archaeological sites will be discussed in this presentation.

Published
2021

12. Are petrous bones just a repository of ancient biomolecules? Investigating biosystematic signals in sheep petrous bones using 3D geometric morphometrics

Author

Camille Bader, Christophe Mallet, Jwana Chahoud, Agraw Amane, Bea De Cupere, Remi Berthon, Franck Lavenne, Azadeh Mohaseb, Hossein Davoudi, Moussab Albesso, Homa Fathi, Manon Vuillien, Joséphine Lesur, Daniel Helmer, Lionel Gourichon, Olivier Hanotte, Marjan Mashkour, Emmanuelle Vila, and Thomas Cucchi

Subjects
Archeology
Published
2022

13. EvoSheep : The Makeup of Sheep Breeds in the Ancient Near East

Author

Sofiane Bouzid, François Pompanon, Bea De Cupere, Camille Bader, Hossein Davoudi, Philippe Abrahami, Daniel Helmer, Catherine Breniquet, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Thomas Cucchi, Rémi Berthon, Moussab Albesso, Oscar Estrada, Lionel Gourichon, Emmanuelle Vila, Marjan Mashkour, Daniel G. Bradley, Manon Vuillien, Jwana Chahoud, Ludovic Orlando, Jacqueline Studer, Wei Huangfu, Cécile Michel, Gilles Escarguel, Joséphine Lesur, Agraw Amane, ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire, Archéologie et Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Addis Ababa University (AAU), International Livestock Research Institute [CGIAR, Ethiopie] (ILRI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Trinity College Dublin, Centre d'Histoire 'Espaces et Cultures' (CHEC), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), University of Tehran, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Équipe 6 - Paléontologie, Paléoécologie, Paléobiogéographie, Évolution (P3E), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée - Jean Pouilloux (MOM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Natural History Museum [Geneva], ANR-17-CE27-0004,EVOSHEEP,Exploration des premières innovations zootechniques dans les sociétés du sud-ouest asiatique (5e-1er millénaires av. J.-C.)(2017), Histoire Archéologie Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Archaeozoological section, Bioarchaeological laboratory, Directorate Earth & History of Life, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Archaeozoology, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, ILRI Ethiopia (ILRI), ILRI, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Archaeology, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien [Archéorient], Histoire, Archéologie et Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 [HALMA], Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements [AASPE], Centre d'Histoire 'Espaces et Cultures' [CHEC], Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse [AMIS], Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité [ArScAn], Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine [LECA ], Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age [CEPAM], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Équipe 6 - Paléontologie, Paléoécologie, Paléobiogéographie, Évolution [P3E]

Subjects
Near East, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Textile production, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Levant, Archaeozoology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Morphometrics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Geometric morphometrics, Middle East, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, Africa, Sheep, 060102 archaeology, General Arts and Humanities, Mesopotamia, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeology, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; The EVOSHEEP project combines archaeozoology, geometric morphometrics and genetics to study archaeo- logical sheep assemblages dating from the sixth to the first millennia BC in eastern Africa, the Levant, the Ana- tolian South Caucasus, the Iranian Plateau and Mesopotamia. The project aims to understand changes in the physical appearance and phenotypic characteristics of sheep and how these related to the appearance of new breeds and the demand for secondary products to supply the textile industry.

Published
2021

14. Nourrir la terre, nourrir le troupeau : approche isotopique des cycles du carbone et de l’azote dans un système agro-pastoral Néolithique (Pertus 2, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence)

Author

Delhon Claire, Lucie Martin, Estelle Herrscher, Thierry Blasco, Montanes Maryline, Manon Vuillien, Lionel Gourichon, Cédric Lepère, Janet Battentier, Guy André, Carré Alain, Arnaud Mazuy, Delhon, Claire, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), and Université de Genève (UNIGE)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

15. High-resolution Neanderthal settlements in mediterranean Iberian Peninsula: A matter of altitude?

Author

Jordi Rosell, Eudald Carbonell, Ruth Blasco, Bertila Galván, Florent Rivals, Narcís Soler, Gema Chacón, Palmira Saladié, Cristo M. Hernández-Gómez, Joaquim Soler, Carlos Sánchez-Hernández, Josep Vallverdú, Lionel Gourichon, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Diputación de Barcelona, Ajuntament de Capellades, and European Commission

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Neanderthal, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Range (biology), Western Europe, Ungulates, 01 natural sciences, Capra pyrenaica, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Dental microwear, Occupational patterns, Altitude, Peninsula, biology.animal, 0601 history and archaeology, Paleodiet, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Dental cementum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, 060101 anthropology, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Dental mesowear, Geology, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Equus, Pleistocene, Geography, Habitat, Paleoecology
Abstract

Neanderthals are widely known to be a resilient human species that successfully faced constant and strong environmental fluctuations modifying the landscapes they inhabited and the availability of their potential resources. It has been traditionally assumed that environmental features could strongly affect human behaviour due to the stretch relationship between their potential prey and the availability of habitats. Environmental changes would produce a high variability in the settlement patterns of the Neanderthal groups. However, the preponderant influence of environmental conditions on these human groups has recently been strongly questioned. This is especially true for the Iberian Peninsula, where latitudinal position and orographic features supported the persistence of environmental conditions that allowed the permanence of a wide range of biotopes and animal and vegetal resources. In the present study, we reconstruct the Neanderthal settlement patterns (i.e. duration and season) from four archaeological sites located in the Mediterranean area of the Iberian Peninsula: Arbreda Cave (Serinyà, Girona), Teixoneres Cave (Moià, Barcelona), Abric Romaní (Capellades, Barcelona), and El Salt (Alcoy, Alicante). We focus on identifying whether they show a high variability in settlement patterns and check for the existence of local influences, such as the altitude. To reach these objectives, we designed a multi-proxy approach combining tooth wear and dental cementum analysis of the main Neanderthal preys: Cervus elaphus, Equus ferus, Equus hydruntinus, Bos primigenius and Capra pyrenaica. Our results first suggest that local features (i.e. orography, altitude, and environment) appear to be predominant factors determining the main feeding behaviour of the ungulates hunted by Neanderthals. Additionally, seasonal environmental variations seem to have influenced horse migratory behaviour, involving altitudinal movements in search of high-nutritive pastures. Neanderthal survival strategies and settlement patterns seem to have been less affected by environmental particularities and more linked to selective prey procurement based on the seasonal resource availability. Therefore, the duration and seasonality of their settlement patterns and their mobility throughout the landscape indicate they had a high level of knowledge on the territory they inhabited, as well as on the behaviour and availability of their potential preys., This work was supported by research grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (grant HAR2016-76760-C3-1-P), the Agencia de Gestio d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR 2017-SGR-836), and the French National Research Agency: Project CemeNTAA (ANR-14-CE31-0011) from the French Research Agency and the CEPAM laboratory (UMR 7264, CNRS, UCA). CSH is supported by a pre-doctoral grant (FPI) from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (BES-C-2014-0034). The CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya funds the research of CS, EC, GC, PS, JR, FR and JV. JRand RB develop their work within the Spanish AEI/FEDER projects CGL2015-65387-C3-1-P and CGL2015-68604-P. The research at Teixoneres Cave is supported by projects CLT009-18-00055 and2017 SGR 836 from the Generalitat de Catalunya, and Project HAR2016-76760-C3-1-P and PID2019-103987 GB-C31 from Spanish AEI. Project IþD HAR2015-68321-P (MEC-FEDER/UE) supported the El Salt shelter research. Excavations at Abric Romaní were performed with the support of the Departament de Cultura (Servei d’Arqueologia i Patrimoni) of the Generalitat de Catalunya (CLT009/18/00054), the Ajuntament de Capellades, the Oficina Patrimoni Cultural - Diputacio de Barcelona, ORROEL SL - Romanya-Valls, Bercontres-Centre de Gestio Medioambiental SL, and the Constructora de Calaf SAU.

Published
2020

16. Dietary traits of ungulates in northeastern Iberian Peninsula: Did these Neanderthal preys show adaptive behaviour to local habitats during the Middle Palaeolithic?

Author

Jordi Rosell, Joaquim Soler, Carlos Sánchez-Hernández, Narcís Soler, Florent Rivals, Ruth Blasco, Lionel Gourichon, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)

Subjects
Ecological niche, 010506 paleontology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ungulate, Neanderthal, biology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Ecology, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Equus, Cave, Habitat, biology.animal, Dental cementum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Woody plant
Abstract

Diet is closely connected to the habitat exploited by ungulates and is one of the main links between them and the surrounding environment. When climatic fluctuations modified the vegetal coverture and habitat, ungulates' dietary behaviours and ecological niches could have been impacted severely. During the Middle Palaeolithic, the Mediterranean peninsulas were known to be climatic refuges because they seemed less susceptible to these changes. However, the altitude or latitude of a given site may have resulted in local particularities that could have influenced the vegetal composition and therefore the feeding behaviour of ungulates from the same region. In the present research we investigate whether these variables necessitated adaptive changes in the feeding behaviours of ungulates hunted by Neanderthals through the study of two archaeological sites, Arbreda Cave (Serinya, Girona, Spain) and Teixoneres Cave (Moia, Barcelona, Spain). We use a combined analysis of dental wear (meso- and microwear) and dental cementum analysis of Cervus elaphus, Equus ferus, and Equus hydruntinus teeth. Dental wear reflects the immediate and average annual dietary traits of ungulates as well as the environmental conditions in the surroundings. Dental cementum analysis allows accurately identifying the season of ungulate death and linking an individual's dietary preferences with the seasonal conditions in its last moments of life. As results, red deer at both sites were mixed-feeders in the annual cycle. A slight increase in grass consumption was identified during winter for populations from sub-unit IIIa of Teixoneres Cave. Horse and wild ass based their diet on grasses, but the latter showed seasonal adaptation toward a mixed consumption of grasses and concentrate resources (i.e. leaves, shrubs, forbs, and other woody plants). The seasonal feeding adaptations observed for some of the studied species did not strongly influence their general dietary trends because they kept feeding on the same resources annually.

Published
2020

17. Correction for Frantz et al., Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

Author

Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Anders Götherström, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Linus Girdland-Flink, Domenico Fulgione, Ross Barnett, Michael J Richards, Katerina Trantalidou, Cristina Valdiosera, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Joris Peters, Louis du Plessis, Jean-Denis Vigne, Joachim Burger, Dian Boric, Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans, Melinda A. Zeder, Erik Meijaard, Wolfram Schier, Panoraia Alexandri, Jörg Schibler, John Chapman, Adrian Balasescu, Greger Larson, Jörg Orschiedt, Anne Tresset, Simon Stoddart, Keith Dobney, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Thomas H. McGovern, Canan Çakirlar, Bea De Cupere, Caroline Malone, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Vesna Dimitrijević, Sepideh Maziar, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Cevdet Merih Erek, Adina Boroneant, Ash Erim-Ozdogan, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Hitomi Hongo, Marjan Mashkour, Amelie Scheu, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Michelle Alexander, David Orton, Richard Sabin, László Bartosiewicz, Nenad Tasić, François-Xavier Ricaut, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Darko Radmanovic, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Christina Geoerg, Clive Bonsall, Anna Linderholm, Peter Rowley-Conwy, Audrey T. Lin, Daniel Helmer, Daniel G. Bradley, Roger Matthews, Ron Pinhasi, Ninna Manaseryan, Shiva Sheikhi, Sophie Van Poucke, Lionel Gourichon, Mike J. Church, Kevin G. Daly, Valentin Dumitraşcu, Joséphine Lesur, Mihai Gligor, Martien A. M. Groenen, Alexander Yanevich, Vincent M. Battista, Cleia Detry, Max Price, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Holley Martlew, Allowen Evin, Elisabeth Stephan, Norbert Benecke, John R. Stewart, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Giedre Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Lucia Sarti, Youri van den Hurk, James Haile, Mike Parker Pearson, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Victoria E. Mullin, Jose-Miguel Carreterow, Kurt J. Gron, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, Thomas Cucchi, Rebecca Miller, Jelena Bulatović, and Anton Ervynck

Subjects
Gene Flow, Multidisciplinary, Swine, Library science, Skin Pigmentation, Biological Sciences, Corrections, DNA, Mitochondrial, Domestication, Europe, Middle East, Anthropology, evolution, Animals, Neolithic, DNA, Ancient, History, Ancient, Phylogeny
Abstract

Significance Archaeological evidence indicates that domestic pigs arrived in Europe, alongside farmers from the Near East ∼8,500 y ago, yet mitochondrial genomes of modern European pigs are derived from European wild boars. To address this conundrum, we obtained mitochondrial and nuclear data from modern and ancient Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses indicate that, aside from a coat color gene, most Near Eastern ancestry in the genomes of European domestic pigs disappeared over 3,000 y as a result of interbreeding with local wild boars. This implies that pigs were not domesticated independently in Europe, yet the first 2,500 y of human-mediated selection applied by Near Eastern Neolithic farmers played little role in the development of modern European pigs., Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process.

Published
2020

18. First farming in the north-western Mediterranean

Author

Didier Binder, Janet Battentier, Laurent Bouby, Jacques-Élie Brochier, Carré Alain, Thomas CUCCHI, Delhon Claire, Cristina de Stefanis, Léa Drieu, Allowen Evin, Linus Girdland Flink, Gwenaëlle Goude, Lionel Gourichon, Sebastien Guillon, Caroline Hamon, Stéphanie Thiebault, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

19. Using cattle for traction and transportduring the Neolithic period. Contribution of the study of the first and second phalanxes

Author

Daniel Helmer, Emilie Blaise, Maria Saña Seguí, Lionel Gourichon, ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Néolithique, [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, 01 natural sciences, Domestic cattle, draught, Neolithic, cattle, castration, transport, phalanxes, 0601 history and archaeology, Mesolithic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060102 archaeology, biology, 06 humanities and the arts, bovins, Phalanx, Aurochs, phalanges, biology.organism_classification, Archaeology, Geography, tirer, porter
Abstract

During the Neolithic period, cattle were used not only for their meat and their milk but also for their strength. Unfortunately, apart from the discovery of specific instruments (yokes, travois, wheels, ards, etc.), it is not easy to demonstrate archaeologically their use for work. Nevertheless, the bone pathologies related to this activity can be analyzed. The methodological approach employed in this study is based on multivariate analyses (PCA) applied to the dimensions of the first and second phalanxes, as well as to shape indices of the same bones determined by the Mosimann method. The measurements of aurochs and domestic cattle bones from twenty Mesolithic and Neolithic sites form the data matrix. The results of this study attest, on the one hand, that cattle were used for draught and transport during the Neolithic in various parts of Europe and the Near East and, on the other hand, that this use and its corollary, castration, are practices that can be dated back earlier than is generally accepted., Durant le Néolithique, les bovins ont été utilisés non seulement pour leur viande et leur lait mais aussi pour leur force (traction et portage). Malheureusement, hormis la découverte d’instruments spécifiques (jougs, travois, roues, araires, etc..), la démonstration de leur emploi pour le travail n’est pas aisée d’un point de vue archéologique. L’archéozoologie peut pallier cette difficulté en étudiant les pathologies et les déformations osseuses liées au travail de force. Mais si certaines sont évidentes, d’autres modifications moins marquées ou touchant la morphologie de l’os peuvent être difficiles à évaluer et les analyses univariées permettent de faire ressortir les os «hors normes » , mais ne donnent pas, ou très peu, d’éléments pour interpréter ces écarts. Dans cette étude, l’approche méthodologique choisie s’appuie sur des analyses multivariées (analyses en composantes principales : ACP) appliquées sur les dimensions des premières et secondes phalanges ainsi que sur des indices de forme déterminés par la méthode de Mosimann. Cette méthode vise, d’une part, à supprimer pour chaque mesure toutes les informations relatives à la taille et, d’autre part, à isoler la taille isométrique en réduisant l’effet de forme. Les mesures des phalanges 1 prises en compte sont la longueur (GLpe), le diamètre transverse proximal (Bp), le diamètre transverse au milieu de la diaphyse (SD) et le diamètre transverse distal (Bd). Plus compactes, les phalanges sont moins sujettes à la fragmentation que les os longs et présentent l’avantage de se trouver dans les assemblages fauniques en nombre suffisant pour permettre une approche statistique. Elles sont également de bons marqueurs du recours à l’énergie animale en raison des stress mécaniques subis au niveau des extrémités des membres durant ces activités de traction ou de portage. Les déformations se caractérisent par un raccourcissement de la longueur du fût de la phalange, un élargissement proximal ou distal, des exostoses, et le débordement des surfaces articulaires (lipping et extension antéro-dorsale distale). La partie proximale des phalanges 1 est plus souvent déformée que la distale : c’est le point majeur de transmission de la force qui se répartit du métapode aux deux phalanges. Les pathologies existent chez les aurochs, mais sauf fractures, elles concernent rarement la conformation générale de la phalange. Les mesures des os d’aurochs et de boeufs domestiques provenant de vingt sites mésolithiques et néolithiques du pourtour méditerranéen (Catalogne, Sud-Est de la France, Grèce, Turquie, Iraq et Syrie) composent la matrice de données et sont comparées à des mesures d’individus référents sauvages, européens et proche-orientaux, et domestiques actuels ayant travaillé (mâles et castrats roumains : Bartosiewicz et al., 1997). Il est ainsi possible de distinguer de manière fiable dans les assemblages archéologiques, les spécimens sauvages des domestiques et de mettre en évidence la présence potentielle de castrats et l’utilisation de la force animale. Cet article modifie grandement la perception des premiers usages de ces grands ruminants. Les résultats de cette étude démontrent non seulement que les bovins ont tiré et porté des charges dès le Néolithique en Europe et au Proche-Orient, mais aussi que cet emploi ainsi que son corollaire, la castration, sont des pratiques bien plus anciennes qu’il n’est couramment admis. Utilisés pour le lait et leur force dès leur domestication, les bovins occupent une place particulière dans l’économie et la symbolique des sociétés et ont pu jouer un rôle majeur dans les échanges et les déplacements. Dans le Sud-Est de la France, si ces animaux ont pu être employés pour porter des charges, les activités semblent peu intensives jusqu’au IVe millénaire avant notre ère. En revanche, à la fin du Néolithique dans cette région, la présence récurrente de bovins avec des pathologies (déformations des chevilles osseuses, de vertèbres, des extrémités, antériorisation des phalanges) témoigne de la généralisation du recours à l’énergie animale pour tirer et porter (les individus, conservés jusqu’à un âge avancé, ont probablement travaillé toute leur vie). Sur certains sites, la fréquence élevée des pathologies et l’intensité des déformations sur les phalanges antérieures 1 et 2 chez ces bovins de petite stature (moins de 1,20 m au garrot) suggèrent des activités plutôt intensives de type traction (labours, et peut-être aussi débardage). Cette utilisation plus fréquente de la force de travail des bovins pourrait être en lien avec une probable intensification des travaux agricoles. Enfin, la présence d’aurochs est également attestée sur des sites campaniformes et confirme leur intérêt particulier pour le grand gibier, pratique par ailleurs abandonnée par les groupes régionaux du Néolithique final., Helmer Daniel, Blaise Émilie, Gourichon Lionel, Sana Segui Maria. Using cattle for traction and transportduring the Neolithic period. Contribution of the study of the first and second phalanxes. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 115, n°1, 2018. pp. 71-98.

Published
2018

20. Une sépulture collective à la transition des VIe et Ve millénaires BCE : Mougins – Les Bréguières (Alpes-Maritimes, France)

Author

Claire Delhon, Didier Binder, Lionel Gourichon, Gwenaëlle Goude, Aurélie Zemour, Ilenia Gentile, Gilles Durrenmath, Suzon Provost, Manon Vuillien, Henri Duday, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)

Subjects
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, culture des Vases à bouche carrée, diet variability, spectre de population, datation radiocarbone, 01 natural sciences, collective burial, Square mouth pottery culture, shell trumpet, mobilier funéraire, 0601 history and archaeology, AMS dates, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pre-Chassey, mobililer, trompe d’appel, 060101 anthropology, grave goods, 06 humanities and the arts, Impresso-Cardial complex, Département des Alpes-Maritimes, Mougins, Préchasséen, complexe Impresso-Cardial, dates par SMA, sépulture collective, population spectrum, variabilité des régimes alimentaires
Abstract

International audience; Excavated in the middle of the 1960’ by M. Sechter, the site of Mougins – Bréguières, in Southeastern France, appears of a huge patrimonial and scientific interest, due to the exceptional abundance and preservation of human bones, the singularity of associated material, and the specificity of the place, a fault, where the corpses were left. In the frame of the ETICALP project, direct dating of bone collagen has been run in order to define the chronological and cultural context of human deposits. Among twelve analyses, a consistent set of eleven dates situates the site’s use as a burial at the end of the 6th and the beginning of the 5th millennium BCE, and justifies that detailed anthropological studies have been run. The latter have demonstrated that the human bone assemblage presents all the characters of a collective burial which then appears as one of the oldest within the Western Mediterranean Neolithic, in a social context marked by deep changes in symbolic paradigms through the whole Western Europe. The biological analysis indicates that the individuals composing this assemblage did cover a large range of ageing clusters, with the exception of perinatal. A first set of isotopic analyses highlights the huge potential of these series for understanding the diet variability among the individuals and during their own life.; Fouillé au milieu des années 1960 par M. Sechter, le site des Bréguières à Mougins présente un intérêt patrimonial et scientifique primordial en raison de l’abondance et de la conservation exceptionnelle des restes humains qui y furent découverts, de la singularité des mobiliers archéologiques qui y étaient associés et de la spécificité du lieu, une faille, où ils ont été déposés. Dans le cadre du Projet collectif de recherche ETICALP, des datations directes sur collagène osseux ont été entreprises afin de préciser le contexte chrono-culturel de ces dépôts. Onze des douze dates ainsi obtenues placent l’utilisation du site comme sépulcre à la fin du VIe et au début du Ve millénaire BCE, justifiant la mise en œuvre d’une analyse anthropologique détaillée. Cette dernière a conclu à un assemblage présentant tous les aspects d’une sépulture collective qui s’avère de fait comme étant l’une des plus anciennes du Néolithique ouest-méditerranéen, dans un contexte social caractérisé par un profond renouvellement des paradigmes symboliques à l’échelle de l’Europe occidentale. L’analyse biologique indique que les 61 individus qui composent cet assemblage appartiennent à toutes les classes d’âge, exception faite des périnataux. Les premières analyses isotopiques mettent en valeur le potentiel considérable de cette série pour aborder la variabilité des régimes alimentaires au sein de la population et au cours de la vie des individus.

Published
2017

21. A collective grave from the 6th to 5th millennia transition BCE: Mougins – Les Bréguières (Alpes-Maritimes, France)

Author

Gwenaëlle Goude, Gilles Durrenmath, Manon Vuillien, Lionel Gourichon, Ilenia Gentile, Henri Duday, Claire Delhon, Didier Binder, Aurélie Zemour, and Suzon Provost

Subjects
Archeology, Geography, Bone collagen, Transition (fiction), Western europe, Cultural context, Human bone, Assemblage (archaeology), Excavation, Large range, Archaeology
Abstract

Excavated in the middle of the 1960’ by M. Sechter, the site of Mougins – Breguieres, in Southeastern France, appears of a huge patrimonial and scientific interest, due to the exceptional abundance and preservation of human bones, the singularity of associated material, and the specificity of the place, a fault, where the corpses were left. In the frame of the ETICALP project, direct dating of bone collagen has been run in order to define the chronological and cultural context of human deposits. Among twelve analyses, a consistent set of eleven dates situates the site’s use as a burial at the end of the 6th and the beginning of the 5th millennium BCE, and justifies that detailed anthropological studies have been run. The latter have demonstrated that the human bone assemblage presents all the characters of a collective burial which then appears as one of the oldest within the Western Mediterranean Neolithic, in a social context marked by deep changes in symbolic paradigms through the whole Western Europe. The biological analysis indicates that the individuals composing this assemblage did cover a large range of ageing clusters, with the exception of perinatal. A first set of isotopic analyses highlights the huge potential of these series for understanding the diet variability among the individuals and during their own life.

Published
2017

22. Dental Cementum in Anthropology

Author

Stephan Naji, William Rendu, Lionel Gourichon, Stephan Naji, William Rendu, and Lionel Gourichon

Subjects
Dental Cementum--physiology, Paleodontology--methods, Cementogenesis
Abstract

Tooth enamel and dentin are the most studied hard tissues used to explore hominin evolution, life history, diet, health, and culture. Surprisingly, cementum (the interface between the alveolar bone and the root dentin) remains the least studied dental tissue even though its unique growth, which is continuous throughout life, has been acknowledged since the 1950s. This interdisciplinary volume presents state-of-the-art studies in cementum analysis and its broad interpretative potential in anthropology. The first section focuses on cementum biology; the second section presents optimized multi-species and standardized protocols to estimate age and season at death precisely. The final section highlights innovative applications in zooarchaeology, paleodemography, bioarchaeology, paleoanthropology, and forensic anthropology, demonstrating how cementochronology can profoundly affect anthropological theories. With a wealth of illustrations of cementum histology and accompanying online resources, this book provides the perfect toolkit for scholars interested in studying past and current human and animal populations.

Published
2022

23. L'élevage des petits ruminants au cours de l'Âge du Fer en Provence, renouvellement des connaissances et approches méthodologiques croisées

Author

Manon Vuillien, Isabelle Rodet-Belarbi, Allowen EVIN, Lionel Gourichon, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Camille Daujeard, Lionel Gourichon, and Jean-Philip Brugal

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Abstract

International audience; Au cours de l’âge du Fer en Provence, les techniques agricoles et d’élevage vont connaître des changements importants notamment grâce au développement de la métallurgie, l’arrivée des colons grecs et romains et l’expansion du commerce maritime. Cependant, si depuis le Néolithique l’élevage des petits ruminants constitue une des composantes fondamentales des systèmes socio-économiques dans cette région, nos connaissances sur les modalités d’exploitation de ces animaux et leur évolution durant le dernier millénaire avant notre ère restent encore très fragmentaires et limitées. Cette communication présentera les avancées d’une recherche archéozoologique en cours qui combine plusieurs approches méthodologiques appliquées ici à quatre sites majeurs occupés durant cette période-clé : trois sites d’habitat, Place Mariéjol (Antibes), Entremont (Aix-en-Provence) et Tholon Maritima (Martigues), et un sanctuaire monumental d’altitude, la Cime de la Tournerie (Roubion). Parmi les approches privilégiées, l’étude des profils de mortalité à partir des restes dentaires permet d’appréhender la composition des cheptels et de comprendre les stratégies d’élevage développées. Les profils de mortalité obtenus semblent indiquer une exploitation mixte des différents produits primaires et secondaires (viande, lait) mais avec des variations liées aux statuts des sites. Par ailleurs, la morphométrie géométrique a été développée à partir de l’analyse d’images 3D de deux éléments du squelette postcrânien (talus et humérus). En complément des données ostéométriques classiques et en s’appuyant sur une large série de référentiels archéologiques et actuels, cette approche permet de mettre en évidence l’existence de plusieurs morphotypes au sein des populations ovines en fonction de la période chronologique. Ces premiers résultats encourageant offrent de nouvelles perspectives d’étude sur l’évolution et la diversité des variétés ovines anciennes.

Published
2018

24. Combined dental wear and cementum analyses in ungulates reveal the seasonality of Neanderthal occupations in Covalejos Cave (Northern Iberia)

Author

Éric Pubert, Lionel Gourichon, William Rendu, Florent Rivals, Carlos Sánchez-Hernández, Ramón Montes, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Neanderthal, Ungulate, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Population Dynamics, lcsh:Medicine, 01 natural sciences, Article, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Cave, biology.animal, medicine, Animals, 0601 history and archaeology, Cementum, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Neanderthals, Dental Cementum, 060101 anthropology, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Fossils, lcsh:R, Palaeoecology, Mousterian, 06 humanities and the arts, Feeding Behavior, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Annual cycle, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Caves, Geography, medicine.anatomical_structure, Archaeology, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Q, Dental cementum, Seasons, Tooth Wear
Abstract

We propose for the first time the use of the combination of two high-resolution techniques, dental wear (meso- and microwear) and dental cementum analyses, to gain a better understanding of Neanderthal subsistence strategies and occupational patterns. Dental wear analysis provides information not only on ungulate palaeodiet and palaeoenvironments but also on hunting time and seasons. Dental cementum analysis allows the accurate determination of the age and season at death of a prey. Our study has focused on the Cantabrian region and has applied both methods to investigate the Mousterian faunal assemblages in Covalejos Cave. Identification of the ungulate palaeodiet reveals information on the environmental conditions of the studied region. Moreover, it may facilitate observation on the evolution of both palaeodiet and palaeoenvironment throughout the site sequence. Results show a general stability in the palaeoenvironmental conditions and in the ungulate palaeodiet throughout the Mousterian sequence; this finding may be attributed to the role of the area as a climate refuge, and slight differences in levels 8, 7 and 4 suggest long- or short-term but repeated Neanderthal occupations at different seasons in the annual cycle.

Published
2019

25. A cave and a flock: contribution of the bioarchaeology of coprogenic deposits to the knowledge of Neolithic pastoralism in the Alps

Author

Lucie Martin, Claire Delhon, Cédric Lepère, Estelle Herrscher, Janet Battentier, Manon Vuillien, Lionel Gourichon, Charline Giguet-Covex, Messager Erwann, Laetitia Riboud, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Gourichon, Lionel

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

26. Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

Author

Marjan Mashkour, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Joris Peters, John Chapman, Anne Tresset, Simon Stoddart, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Canan Çakirlar, Jörg Schibler, Daniel Helmer, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Caroline Malone, Vesna Dimitrijević, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Christina Geörg, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, Panoraia Alexandri, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Thomas Cucchi, Victoria E. Mullin, Michael P. Richards, James Haile, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Cevdet Merih Erek, John R. Stewart, Joachim Burger, Mihai Gligor, Jörg Orschiedt, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Lucia Sarti, Rebecca Miller, Youri van den Hurk, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Allowen Evin, Hitomi Hongo, Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans, Jelena Bulatović, Max Price, Keith Dobney, Adina Boroneanţ, Anton Ervynck, Mike Parker Pearson, Joséphine Lesur, Elisabeth Stephan, Holley Martlew, Sepideh Maziar, Kurt J. Gron, Bea De Cupere, Kevin G. Daly, Valentin Dumitraşcu, Anders Götherström, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Richard Sabin, David Orton, Greger Larson, Lionel Gourichon, Cleia Detry, Clive Bonsall, François-Xavier Ricaut, Louis du Plessis, Jean-Denis Vigne, José Miguel Carretero, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Mike J. Church, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Giedre Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Linus Girdland-Flink, Domenico Fulgione, Ross Barnett, Ron Pinhasi, Ninna Manaseryan, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Melinda A. Zeder, Peter Rowley-Conwy, Alexander Yanevich, Daniel G. Bradley, Amelie Scheu, László Bartosiewicz, Darko Radmanovic, Shiva Sheikhi, Michelle Alexander, Katerina Trantalidou, Cristina Valdiosera, Adrian Bӑlӑşescu, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Vincent M. Battista, Anna Linderholm, Norbert Benecke, Aslı Erim-Özdoğan, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Thomas H. McGovern, Audrey T. Lin, Sophie Van Poucke, Roger Matthews, Martien A. M. Groenen, Erik Meijaard, Wolfram Schier, Nenad Tasić, Dusan Boric, Frantz, Laurent A. F., Haile, Jame, Lin, Audrey T., Scheu, Amelie, Geörg, Christina, Benecke, Norbert, Alexander, Michelle, Linderholm, Anna, Mullin, Victoria E., Daly, Kevin G., Battista, Vincent M., Price, Max, Gron, Kurt J., Alexandri, Panoraia, Arbogast, Rose-Marie, Arbuckle, Benjamin, Balaşescu, Adrian, Barnett, Ro, Bartosiewicz, László, Baryshnikov, Gennady, Bonsall, Clive, ̧, Dušan Boric Adina Boroneant, Bulatovic, Jelena, Çakirlar, Canan, Carretero, José-Miguel, Chapman, John, Church, Mike, Crooijmans, Richard, De Cupere, Bea, Detry, Cleia, Dimitrijevic, Vesna, Dumitras ̧cu, Valentin, du Plessis, Loui, Edwards, Ceiridwen J., Merih Erek, Cevdet, ̆an, AslıErim-Özdog, Ervynck, Anton, Fulgione, Domenico, Gligor, Mihai, Götherström, Ander, Gourichon, Lionel, Groenen, Martien A. M., Helmer, Daniel, Hongo, Hitomi, Horwitz, Liora K., Irving-Pease, Evan K., Lebrasseur, Ophélie, Lesur, Joséphine, Malone, Caroline, Manaseryan, Ninna, Marciniak, Arkadiusz, Martlew, Holley, Mashkour, Marjan, Matthews, Roger, Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Giedre, Maziar, Sepideh, Meijaard, Erik, Mcgovern, Tom, Megens, Hendrik-Jan, Miller, Rebecca, Fatemeh Mohaseb, Azadeh, Orschiedt, Jörg, Orton, David, Papathanasiou, Anastasia, Parker Pearson, Mike, Pinhasi, Ron, Radmanovic, Darko, Ricaut, François-Xavier, Richards, Mike, Sabin, Richard, Sarti, Lucia, Schier, Wolfram, Sheikhi, Shiva, Stephan, Elisabeth, Stewart, John R., Stoddart, Simon, Tagliacozzo, Antonio, Tasic, Nenad, Trantalidou, Katerina, Tresset, Anne, Valdiosera, Cristina, van den Hurk, Youri, Van Poucke, Sophie, Vigne, Jean-Deni, Yanevich, Alexander, Zeeb-Lanz, Andrea, Triantafyllidis, Alexandro, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Schibler, Jörg, Rowley-Conwy, Peter, Zeder, Melinda, Peters, Jori, Cucchi, Thoma, Bradley, Daniel G., Dobney, Keith, Burger, Joachim, Evin, Allowen, Girdland-Flink, Linu, Larson, Greger, Archaeology of Northwestern Europe, Groningen Institute of Archaeology, Piperno, Dolores R., Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute (DAI), Texas A&M University [College Station], Transplant Research Program [Boston, MA, USA], Boston Children's Hospital, Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Baylor University, University of York [York, UK], Stockholm University, Cardiff School of History, Ancient History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Romanian Academy of Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), UNIARQ, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Stockholm Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden, Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, University of Liverpool, HEC Paris - Recherche - Hors Laboratoire, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), School of Archaeology, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Connaissance Organisation et Systèmes TECHniques (COSTECH), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratorio di Paleontologia e Archeozoologia, Soprintendenza Speciale al Museo Nazionale Preistorico ed Etnografico 'L. Pigorini', Roma, Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico 'L. Pigorini, Institute of archaeology (UCL), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Basel (Unibas), Institut für Paläoanatomie und Geschichte der Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Swine, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Skin Pigmentation, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Gene flow, Domestication, ddc:590, BREEDS, DOMESTIC PIGS, HISTORY, 0601 history and archaeology, Neolithic, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, Multidisciplinary, 060102 archaeology, INTROGRESSION, Europe, pigs, domestication, genomes, WILD, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeological evidence, SPREAD, Coat, Mitochondrial DNA, Evolution, Zoology, Locus (genetics), Biology, Animal Breeding and Genomics, DNA, Mitochondrial, Middle East, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Fokkerij en Genomica, DNA, Ancient, General, ddc:930, Haplotype, DNA, 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie, LONG, SIZE, 030104 developmental biology, domestication evolution gene flow Neolithic, WIAS
Abstract

International audience; Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local Euro-pean wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process. domestication | evolution | gene flow | Neolithic

Published
2019

27. Ancient cattle genomics, origins, and rapid turnover in the Fertile Crescent

Author

Andrew J. Hare, David Orton, Jörg Linstädter, Okan Ertugrul, Abdesalam Mikdad, Pierpaolo Maisano Delser, Johanna Lhuillier, Eberhard Sauer, Adamantios Sampson, Jelena Bulatović, Marjan Mashkour, Victoria E. Mullin, Marta Pereira Verdugo, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Hossein Davoudi, Ron Kehati, Norbert Benecke, Mikhail V. Sablin, David E. MacHugh, Joachim Burger, Robin Bendrey, S. M. Farhad Vahidi, Kevin G. Daly, Matthew J. Collins, Matthew D. Teasdale, Saeed Ebrahimi, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Daniel G. Bradley, Roya Khazaeli, Fatemeh Azadeh Mohaseb, Chaido Koukouli-Chrysanthaki, George Kazantzis, Claude Rapin, Paula Wapnish Hesse, Amelie Scheu, Ivana Stojanović, Valeria Mattiangeli, Lionel Gourichon, Mutalib Khasanov, Deirdre Fulton, Ioannis Kontopoulos, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tehran, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), University of Reading (UOR), Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Baylor University, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HEC Paris - Recherche - Hors Laboratoire, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), Verdugo, Marta Pereira [0000-0003-1573-2493], Mullin, Victoria E [0000-0002-2604-2976], Scheu, Amelie [0000-0001-9455-0772], Daly, Kevin G [0000-0002-5579-6144], Maisano Delser, Pierpaolo [0000-0002-1844-1715], Hare, Andrew J [0000-0001-8595-6965], Burger, Joachim [0000-0001-9972-1868], Collins, Matthew J [0000-0003-4226-5501], Fulton, Deirdre [0000-0002-5922-5461], Mohaseb, Fatemeh A [0000-0003-3130-6603], Davoudi, Hossein [0000-0002-5236-1444], Ebrahimi, Saeed [0000-0003-4994-5892], MacHugh, David E [0000-0002-8112-4704], Ertuğrul, Okan [0000-0002-2949-1558], Kontopoulos, Ioannis [0000-0001-5591-8917], Sablin, Mikhail [0000-0002-2773-7454], Bendrey, Robin [0000-0001-5286-1601], Gourichon, Lionel [0000-0002-5160-5902], Arbuckle, Benjamin S [0000-0002-5445-5516], Mashkour, Marjan [0000-0003-3630-9459], Orton, David [0000-0003-4069-8004], Teasdale, Matthew D [0000-0002-7376-9975], Bradley, Daniel G [0000-0001-7335-7092], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 010506 paleontology, Mitochondrial DNA, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Human Migration, Introgression, Zoology, Genomics, 01 natural sciences, DNA, Mitochondrial, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Domestication, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Bronze Age, Animals, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Genome, biology, Human migration, business.industry, Aurochs, Zebu, biology.organism_classification, humanities, 030104 developmental biology, Fertility, Cattle, business
Abstract

Cattle were domesticated ∼10,000 years ago, but analysis of modern breeds has not elucidated their origins. Verdugo et al. performed genome-wide analysis of 67 ancient Near Eastern Bos taurus DNA samples. Several populations of ancient aurochs were progenitors of domestic cows. These genetic lineages mixed ∼4000 years ago in a region around the Indus Valley. Interestingly, mitochondrial analysis indicated that genetic material likely derived from arid-adapted Bos indicus (zebu) bulls was introduced by introgression.Science, this issue p. 173Genome-wide analysis of 67 ancient Near Eastern cattle, Bos taurus, remains reveals regional variation that has since been obscured by admixture in modern populations. Comparisons of genomes of early domestic cattle to their aurochs progenitors identify diverse origins with separate introgressions of wild stock. A later region-wide Bronze Age shift indicates rapid and widespread introgression of zebu, Bos indicus, from the Indus Valley. This process was likely stimulated at the onset of the current geological age, ~4.2 thousand years ago, by a widespread multicentury drought. In contrast to genome-wide admixture, mitochondrial DNA stasis supports that this introgression was male-driven, suggesting that selection of arid-adapted zebu bulls enhanced herd survival. This human-mediated migration of zebu-derived genetics has continued through millennia, altering tropical herding on each continent.

Published
2019

28. Chronicle of a destruction foretold: a belated reassessment of the preservation status of Neolithic habitation sites in the Kadruka concession (NorthernDongola Reach, Sudan)

Author

Olivier, Langlois, Gilles, Durenmath, Lamya, Khalidi, Hisham Khidir, Karrar, Ahmed, Karrar, Cez, Lucie, Lionel, Gourichon, Hassimi, Sambo, Charlotte, Pruvost, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), ArScAn - Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité, Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

29. Apport de la bioarchéologie des dépôts coprogènes à la connaissance du pastoralisme Néolithique : le projet CoproArchéo

Author

Claire Delhon, Lucie Martin, Cédric Lepère, Janet Battentier, Alain Carré, Charline Giguet-Covex, Lionel Gourichon, Estelle Herrscher, Erwan Messager, Laetitia Riboud, Manon Vuillien, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Daujeard, Camille and Gourichon, Lionel and Brugal, Jean-Philip, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Daujeard Camille, Gourichon Lionel, Brugal Jean-Philip, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Herrscher, Estelle

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, bioarchéologie, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, CoproArchéo, Néolithique, Caprinés, chasse, élevage, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, pastoralisme, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology
Abstract

International audience; Apport de la bioarchéologie des dépôts coprogènes à la connaissance du pastoralisme Néolithique : le projet CoproArchéo

Published
2018

30. Estimating the age and season-at-death of ungulates from the analysis of archaeological dental cementum: Recent improvements and perspectives from the CemeNTAA project

Author

Lionel Gourichon, Stéphane Naji, Hala Alarashi, Emilie Blaise, Emmanuel Discamps, Elodie-Laure Jimenez, Vanesa Parmigiani, Antoine Pasqualini, Eric Pubert, Solange Rigaud, Carlos Sanchez-Hernandez, Stock, Stuart R., Manon Vuillien, Randall White, William Rendu, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Pasqualini, Antoine, and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
CemeNTAA, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, analysis, dental, Recent, Estimating, season-at-death, archaeological, from, project, improvements, perspectives, ungulates, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, cementum
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

31. New analytical approaches for archaeological ecofacts and artifacts by 3D imaging

Author

Vuillien, Manon, Cassard, Laura, Sioniac, Emmanuel, Sorin, Sabine, Lionel, Gourichon, Binder, Didier, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)

Subjects
analytical protocol, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 3D imaging, ceramic, bone
Abstract

New analytical approaches for archaeological ecofacts and artifacts by 3D imaging

Published
2018

32. Characteristics and archaeological exploitation of the last Neolithic and pre-Kerma habitation sites of the Kadruka concession: how to tackle the neglected issue of the settlement pattern along the Wadi el-Khowi at this juncture in current agricultural expansion?

Author

Olivier Langlois, Lucie Cez, Lamya Khalidi, Gilles Durrenmath, Khidir Hisham, Ahmed Karrar, Lionel Gourichon, Aline Emery-Barbier, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
pre-Kerma, el-Khowi, Wadi, along, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, habitation, pattern, current, neglected, this, settlement, archaeological, concession, expansion, Characteristics, agricultural, sites, juncture, tackle, issue, Neolithic, last, Kadruka, exploitation
Abstract

International audience; Characteristics and archaeological exploitation of the last Neolithic and pre-Kerma habitation sites of the Kadruka concession: how to tackle the neglected issue of the settlement pattern along the Wadi el-Khowi at this juncture in current agricultural expansion?

Published
2018

33. Opération 4 - Recherches thématiques et collaboratives. Bilan et perspectives

Author

Lionel Gourichon, Ruas Marie-Pierre, Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, perspectives, Opération, thématiques, Bilan, collaboratives, Recherches
Abstract

Opération 4 - Recherches thématiques et collaboratives. Bilan et perspectives

Published
2018

35. Studying caprine breeds from protohistoric Provence and Southern Alps (France): 3D geometric morphometrics applied to postcranial bones

Author

Manon Vuillien, Allowen EVIN, Sabine Sorin, Lionel Gourichon, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, and CEPAM, Labo

Subjects
breeds, bones, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, morphometrics, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Studying, Alps, Provence, postcranial, from, geometric, caprine, protohistoric, France, Southern, applied
Abstract

Past sheep and goat husbandry can be analyzed using various approaches in zooarchaeology. However, with classical osteometric studies, some limitations are generally reached for describing more precisely the phenotypical patterns of the animal breeds. In order to better understand the evolution of pastoral economies in the Bronze and Iron Age Provence (southern France) which underwent a number of economic and socio-political changes at the regional and local scales such as the emergence of complex societies, the development of colonial settlements and later the impact of Romanization, our research focuses on the characterization of the small livestock diversity exploited during this period. For this purpose, we developed a 3D geometric morphometric (GMM) approach based on the analysis of two sheep and goat postcranial bones, the humerus and the astragalus. For this comparative study, a total sample of 50 modern and 150 archaeological specimens have been collected and recorded in 3D models. The GMM and statistical analyses were performed on landmarks and curves using ‘3DReshaper’ and ‘R’ software. The results are finally compared with those obtained from osteometric studies based on standard and additional bone measurements to test and assess the degree of reliability and efficiency for discriminating different animal populations.

Published
2018

36. Provisioning an Urban Center under Foreign Occupation

Author

Suzanne E. Pilaar Birch, K. Aslıhan Yener, Canan Çakirlar, Murat Akar, Lionel Gourichon, and Rémi Berthon

Subjects
Archeology, History, Historiography, Conservation, engineering.material, Archaeology, language.human_language, Distribution system, Intrusion, Hittite language, Bronze Age, engineering, language, Economic organization, Pottery, Bronze
Abstract

The effects of foreign military interventions on production and distribution systems in occupied lands are commonly assessed through the study of textual sources and pottery typologies in Bronze Age archaeology and historiography. In this article, we explore the zooarchaeological record of the recently uncovered Late Bronze IIA deposits at Alalakh (Tell Atchana) to test whether the Hittite intrusion into Syria had any effect on the economic organization of local policies. The quantitative analysis of taxonomic compositions, mortality profiles, and body part distributions suggests that while slight modifications occurred in the distribution of provisions, the faunal economy of Alalakh did not go through drastic changes under Hittite rule.

Published
2014

37. Neanderthal hunting seasonality and mobility patterns : a cementochronological approach

Author

William Rendu, Eric Pubert, Emmanuel Discamps, Lionel Gourichon, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Neanderthal, hunting, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, seasonality, Mousterian, Subsistence strategies, Zooarchaeology, cementochronology, mobility, Neandertal
Abstract

International audience; Neanderthal mobility pattern has become a major topic in recent research in Paleoanthropology. In particular, the temporal organization of activities in the Neanderthal's territory has been largely used to discuss their management of food resources and scheduling abilities and indirectly to approach their cognitive capacities. The late Middle Paleolithic in Southwestern Europe is characterized by major climatic fluctuations that had direct impacts on Neanderthal ecosystems. Sedentary and migratory ungulate populations alternated in the environment. Neanderthal hunter-gatherers, were forced to adapt their mobility to the migration pattern of their prey, conducting to a reorganization of the activities within their territories in function of the seasonal cycle. In this context, seasonality is a key topic for reconstructing and understanding the settlement patterns developed by these human communities. We proposed here to tackle this specific topic through a cementochronological analysis of sites from Southwestern France, attributed to the late Middle Paleolithic. Ungulate teeth from sites attributed to the MIS 4 and 3 with available zooarchaeological data were selected. The sampling was based on the MNI and postmortem modifications were systematically looked for. The results were then compared to comparative collections prior being interpreted in term of season of death. Our study shows that different Neanderthal populations developed specialized strategies to cope with the seasonal fluctuation of their prey. Innovative hunting strategies were established as a response to the ethological specificity of their games. The development of seasonal hunting specific locations had for consequence the reorganization of human settlement dynamics and the adoption of different mobility patterns.

Published
2017

38. New method to explore past exchange networks and symbolic hunting through the study of mammal teeth beads

Author

Solange Rigaud, Matiolli, S., Nicoloso, S., Guinness, F., Eric Pubert, Lionel Gourichon, William Rendu, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)

Subjects
explore, genetic structures, hunting, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, beads, exchange, mammal, through, behavioral disciplines and activities, stomatognathic diseases, stomatognathic system, networks, parasitic diseases, method, symbolic, study, past, teeth
Abstract

New method to explore past exchange networks and symbolic hunting through the study of mammal teeth beads

Published
2017

39. Landscape transformations at the dawn of agriculture in southern Syria (10.7–9.9 ka cal. BP): Plant-specific responses to the impact of human activities and climate change

Author

Lydia Zapata, Eneko Iriarte, José Antonio López-Sáez, Lionel Gourichon, Frank Braemer, Marta Portillo, Andrea Balbo, Amaia Arranz-Otaegui, Juan José Ibáñez, José Luis Araus, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Universidad del País Vasco, Eusko Jaurlaritza, European Commission, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Wetland, transformations, 01 natural sciences, Domestication, Early Holocene, Anthropogenic impacts, 11. Sustainability, change, Climate change, Charcoal, Holocene, agriculture, 2. Zero hunger, activities, Global and Planetary Change, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, BP, Geology, Vegetation, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, impact, 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Palaeovegetation, Paleoethnobotany, Plant-specific, Landscape, human, southern, climate, dawn, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Syria, fungi, 15. Life on land, Evergreen, Southwest Asia, 107–99, 13. Climate action, responses, Archaeobotany, sense organs
Abstract

In southwest Asia, the accelerated impact of human activities on the landscape has often been linked to the development of fully agricultural societies during the middle and late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) period (around 10.2–7.9 ka cal. BP). This work contributes to the debate on the environmental impact of the so-called Neolitisation process by identifying the climatic and anthropogenic factors that contributed to change local and regional vegetation at the time when domesticated plants appeared and developed in southern Syria (around 10.7–9.9 ka cal. BP). In this work a multidisciplinary analysis of plant microremains (pollen and phytoliths) and macroremains (wood charcoal) is carried out along with stable carbon isotope discrimination of wood charcoals in an early PPNB site (Tell Qarassa North, west of the Jabal al-Arab area). Prior to 10.5 ka cal. BP, the results indicate a dynamic equilibrium in the local and regional vegetation, which comprised woodland-steppe, Mediterranean evergreen oak-woodlands, wetland vegetation and coniferous forests. Around 10.5–9.9 ka cal. BP, the elements that regulated the vegetation system changed, resulting in reduced proportions of arboreal cover and the spread of cold-tolerant and wetlands species. Our data show that reinforcing interaction between the elements of the anthropogenic (e.g. herding, fire-related activities) and climatic systems (e.g. temperature, rainfall) contributed to the transformation of early Holocene vegetation during the emergence of fully agricultural societies in southern Syria., This work is dedicated to Lydia Zapata, for her support, encouragement and commitment to Tell Qarassa North project. The wood charcoal analyses were conducted by Amaia Arranz-Otaegui during her PhD research at the University of the Basque Country and with the financial support of the Basque Government (Pre-doctoral grant number: BFI.09.249) and the UPV/EHU: Research GroupIT622-13/UFI 11-09. Marta Portillo is part of the Prehistory Consolidated Research Team at the UPV/EHU IT-622-13. Her research is currently funded by the EU Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie action MICROARCHAEODUNG (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015-702529). Andrea Balbo has worked on this paper on a Research Fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (ARiD). The Qarassa project was carried out thanks to the authorisation of the General Directorate of Antiquities and Museums of Syria. The project was funded by the Spanish Institute of Cultural Heritage (Ministry of Culture), the Ministry of Science and Innovation (R + D Projects: BHA2003-09685-CO2-01, HUM2007-66128-C02-01, HUM2007-66128-C02-02 and HAR2013-47480-P), and the Government of Catalonia (EXCAVA2006 Programme), Gerda Henkel, Palarq and Shelby White-Leon Levy Foundations.

Published
2017

40. Seasonality in Middle Palaeolithic contexts

Author

Lionel Gourichon, Stephan Naji, Morgan Hassani, Eric Pubert, Carlos Sanchez-Hernandez, William Rendu, Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Dynamique de l'évolution humaine : individus, populations, espèces [Paris] (DEHIPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Seasonality, contexts, Middle, Palaeolithic
Abstract

Seasonality in Middle Palaeolithic contexts

Published
2017

41. Back to the Root: The Use of Dental Cementum in Anthropology

Author

Stephan Naji, william rendu, Lionel Gourichon, Dynamique de l'évolution humaine : individus, populations, espèces [Paris] (DEHIPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Anthropology, Cementum
Abstract

Back to the Root: The Use of Dental Cementum in Anthropology

Published
2017

42. Hunting seasonality and mobility patterns among late Neanderthals in Southwestern France. A cementochronological approach

Author

William Rendu, Emmanuel Discamps, Eric Pubert, Elodie-Laure Jimenez, Carlos Sanchez-Hernandez, Lionel Gourichon, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, seasonality, Southwestern, approach, Hunting, cementochronological, patterns, France, among, late, mobility, Neanderthals
Abstract

International audience; Hunting seasonality and mobility patterns among late Neanderthals in Southwestern France. A cementochronological approach

Published
2017

43. Taphonomy in Cementochronology

Author

William Rendu, Stutz, Aaron J., Stephan Naji, Manon Vuillien, Carlos Sanchez-Hernandez, Eric Pubert, Lionel Gourichon, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique de l'évolution humaine : individus, populations, espèces [Paris] (DEHIPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Taphonomy, Cementochronology
Abstract

Taphonomy in Cementochronology

Published
2017

44. Seasonality studies using dental cementum analysis of ungulate hypsodont teeth: issues and perspectives

Author

Lionel Gourichon, Eric Pubert, William Rendu, Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, analysis, dental, education, Seasonality, issues, studies, using, stomatognathic diseases, hypsodont, stomatognathic system, perspectives, ungulate, health care economics and organizations, teeth, cementum
Abstract

International audience; Seasonality studies using dental cementum analysis of ungulate hypsodont teeth: issues and perspectives

Published
2017

45. Prehistory of human tuberculosis: Earliest evidences from the onset of animal husbandry in the Near East

Author

Oussama Baker, Rima Khawam, Danielle Stordeur, Olivier Dutour, Hélène Coqueugniot, Lionel Gourichon, Pascale Perrin, Bérénice Chamel, Françoise Le Mort, György Pálfi, Eric Coqueugniot, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution of host-microbe communities (MIVEGEC-EVCO), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Szeged - Dept of Biological Anthropology, Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Coqueugniot, Hélène

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 0301 basic medicine, Syria, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Neolithic, Domestication, Early PPNB, Tuberculosis, Paleopathology, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Syrie, Néolithique, PPNB ancien, Tuberculose, Paléopathologie, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, 3. Good health, Prehistory, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Humanities
Abstract

Human tuberculosis has been considered for a long time as a model of animal infection transmitted to humans, resulting from cattle domestication at the Neolithic period. A decade ago, studies of molecular phylogeny of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) has challenged this dogma, suggesting that this human infection could be as old as the human species and emerged ca 2-3 Myrs ago. Yet, recent studies of molecular clock computations proposed that human tuberculosis could not be older than 6 kyrs BP. In order to bring new data to this debate, we studied the paleopathological evidence of tuberculosis on a large sample of two Neolithic sites from Syria in the Near East, cradle of agriculture and domestication : Dja’de el-Mughara (9310-8290 cal. BC) located in the Middle Euphrates Valley (Northern Syria) and Tell Aswad (8200-7500 cal. BC) in the Central Levant (Southern Syria). Both sites have delivered skeletal remains of more than one hundred individuals deriving from different funeral contexts. We used methods of paleopathology, microstructural analysis (μ-CT) and paleomicrobiology. The paleopathological study gave evidence to the most ancient paleopathological known cases of human TB (one adult and nine immature individuals at Dja’de el-Mughara and one adult at Tell Aswad) predating or accompanying the emergence of animal domestication. Among the eleven cases identified, five individuals from Dja’de el-Mughara have been buried in the House of the Dead, while the other individuals at both sites were found in primary, plural and mixed burials. On the basis of these results, the future challenge would be to understand the close contact between humans and animals role in the evolution of MTBC and the mechanisms of modern human tuberculosis strains emergence and spread. For this reason, the Levant is a crucial region as a key center for domestication and sedentism origins., La tuberculose a été considérée, pendant longtemps, comme une zoonose transmise à l’homme par des bovins, notamment lors du processus de domestication de l’aurochs au Néolithique. Des travaux de phylogénie moléculaire récents ont remis en question ce dogme, montrant que le complexe Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC) a existé comme pathogène humain depuis environ trois millions d’années. Cependant, des études récentes basées sur deux horloges moléculaires différentes ont proposé que la tuberculose humaine date de moins de 6 000 ans. Afin d’apporter de nouvelles données à ce débat, nous avons étudié les marqueurs paléopathologiques de la tuberculose sur des restes humains découverts dans le berceau proche-oriental de la Néolithisation, sur les sites de Dja’de el-Mughara (9310-8290 cal. BC) dans la moyenne Vallée de l’Euphrate (Syrie du Nord) et de Tell Aswad (8200-7500 cal. BC) au Levant central (Syrie du Sud). Ces deux sites ont livré chacun les restes squelettiques de plus d’une centaine d’individus qui ont fait l’objet de pratiques funéraires diverses. Les résultats obtenus par différentes approches (paléopathologie, micro-tomodensitométrie, paléomicrobiologie) confirment que ces vestiges constituent les plus anciens cas de la tuberculose humaine (un adulte et neuf immatures à Dja’de el-Mughara et un adulte à Tell Aswad) précédant et accompagnant l’émergence de la domestication des bovins au Proche-Orient. Parmi les onze cas identifiés, cinq individus ont été enterrés dans la Maison des Morts à Dja’de el-Mughara, les autres étaient inhumés dans des sépultures primaires, plurielles et mixtes. Sur la base de ces résultats, le futur défi serait de comprendre le rôle du contact étroit entre les humains et les animaux dans l’évolution du MTBC et les mécanismes d’émergence et de diffusion des souches modernes de la tuberculose humaine. Dans cette perspective, le Levant apparaît comme une région clé pendant les premières phases de la domestication animale et de la sédentarisation., Baker Oussama, Chamel Bérénice, Coqueugniot Éric, Khawam Rima, Stordeur Danielle, Perrin Pascale, Pálfi György, Gourichon Lionel, Coqueugniot Hélène, Le Mort Françoise, Dutour Olivier. Prehistory of human tuberculosis: Earliest evidence from the onset of animal husbandry in the Near East. In: Paléorient, 2017, vol. 43, n°2. Recheches archéologiques récentes en préhistoire et protohistoire en Syrie / Recent archaeological research in Syria (13th mill. BC – 2nd mill. BC) pp. 35-51.

Published
2017

46. The beginning of animal domestication and husbandry in South west Asia

Author

Jean-Denis Vigne, Louise Martin, Daniel Helmer, Joris Peters, Lionel Gourichon, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bavarian State Collect Anthropol & Palaeoanat, Munich, Germany, Bavarian Natural History Collections, Inst. Palaeoanat. Domesticat. Res.& Hist. Vet. Med., Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Yehouda Enzel, and Ofer Bar-Yosef

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, South West Asia, 010506 paleontology, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 06 humanities and the arts, Animal husbandry, Ancient history, 01 natural sciences, Geography, 0601 history and archaeology, Domestication, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

47. Laboratory Excavation of a Neolithic Grave From Avignon-La Balance-Ilot P (France): Burial Practices and Garment Reconstruction

Author

Ingrid Sénépart, Kellig-Yann Cotto, Gwenaëlle Goude, Philippe Bromblet, Sabine Sorin-Mazouni, Aurélie Zemour, Didier Binder, Anne-Marie d'Ovidio, Sandrine Bonnardin, Lionel Gourichon, Luc Buchet, Jean-Victor Pradeau, Ausonius-Institut de recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen âge, Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LabEx Sciences archéologiques de Bordeaux (LASCARBX), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Atelier du patrimoine/Ville de Marseille, service archéologique, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Conservation et Restauration du Patrimoine (CICRP), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Port-musée de Douarnenez, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), LabEx Sciences archéologiques de Bordeaux ( LASCARBX ), Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Bordeaux ( UB ), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age ( CEPAM ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique ( LAMPEA ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age ( CEPAM ), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Conservation et Restauration du Patrimoine ( CICRP ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ), Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, [ SHS.HIST ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Adult male, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, burial, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Avignon, Ancient history, 01 natural sciences, Columbella rustica, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, [ SHS ] Humanities and Social Sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, excavation, Neolithic, Funerary practices, Mesolithic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060102 archaeology, biology, Ornaments, Excavation, 06 humanities and the arts, biology.organism_classification, Archaeology, France, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Geology
Abstract

The grave of La Balance-Ilot P, in Avignon, southern France, is an individual and isolated burial, attributed in the 1970′s to the Mesolithic or the Early Neolithic. The grave, partially unearthed, was exhibited and stored at the Calvet Museum until its rediscovery and laboratory excavation in 2009. We used 3D laser recording and field anthropological methods, followed by a multidisciplinary approach. The deceased, an adult male, was buried in primary deposition without any architectural features preserved. For the first time in the Mediterranean early Neolithic, this study led to the identification of a garment adorned with sophisticated embroidery using 158 red-colored Columbella rustica shells and 16 red deer canines. Calibrated AMS dates allow us to reliably place it in the early 5th millennium b.c. reinforcing evidence for long distance intercultural relationships in Europe during the Neolithic.

Published
2017

48. Optimizing Cementochronology for Archaeological Applications: The CemeNTAA Project

Author

william rendu, Lionel Gourichon, Stephan Naji, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Dynamique de l'évolution humaine : individus, populations, espèces [Paris] (DEHIPE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
CemeNTAA, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Archaeological, Project, Cementochronology, Applications, Optimizing
Abstract

Optimizing Cementochronology for Archaeological Applications: The CemeNTAA Project

Published
2016

49. Preliminary analysis of dental cementum of Lama guanicoe for the estimation of age and season at death: Studies of modern specimens and further archaeological applications

Author

Vanesa Parmigiani, Lionel Gourichon, Gestion des ressources naturelles , environnements et sociétés (GReNES), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Ungulate, applications, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Range (biology), Lama, analysis, Fauna, dental, education, Wildlife, further, modern, 01 natural sciences, Prehistory, archaeological, stomatognathic system, Studies, 0601 history and archaeology, guanicoe, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Estimation, 060102 archaeology, biology, estimation, Preliminary, Lama guanicoe, 06 humanities and the arts, biology.organism_classification, Archaeology, stomatognathic diseases, Geography, specimens, death, Dental cementum, season, cementum
Abstract

Cementum increment analysis has been applied with success in mammals since several decades for both current wildlife studies and studies of fauna from archaeological sites. This method provides estimations about the age and the season at death of ungulates recovered at archaeological sites and can be used to explore important issues such as hunting or herding strategies, settlement patterns and mobility. Over the past 30 years cementum studies have expanded the range of mammalian species for which the method can be applied in archaeology. However, very few data are today available about the guanaco ( Lama guanicoe ) which was the dominant large ungulate in South America in prehistoric and historical times. The purpose of our project is to develop and improve the cementum increment analysis for this species using modern reference data sets before its application to archaeological assemblages. The present paper presents the preliminary results obtained from the study of canines and incisors of modern specimens and will discuss the potentiality and limitations of the technique.

Published
2016

50. Neolithic Figurines Manufactured from Phalanges of Equids from Dja'de el Mughara, Syria

Author

Lionel Gourichon, Eric Coqueugniot, and Rozalia Christidou

Subjects
Prehistory, Archeology, Middle East, Geography, biology, Ancient history, Phalanx, biology.organism_classification, Equus, Archaeology
Abstract

Worked specimens of proximal phalanges of Equus have been discovered in the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B levels (8700–8200 CAL. B.C.) at Dja'de el Mughara, a tell site in the Middle Euphrates Valley in northern Syria. Prior to the present study, one was published as a human figurine (Coqueugniot 2000: 70). Similar objects, dated to the Khiamian and Pre-Pottery Neolithic A periods (10,000–8700 CAL. B.C.), have been recognized at Tell Mureybet in the same region. Analysis of 22 specimens from Dja'de el Mughara reveals morphological variability and different styles of shaping within the sample.Anthropomorphic figurines in the prehistoric Near East have been approached as a distinct group of representations, often considered in terms of symbolism. Rarely are the raw materials (mainly clay and stone), technology of manufacture, and variations in fashion considered. Here, the major steps of figurine manufacture from whole proximal phalanges of equids at Dja'de el Mughara are described and a classificat...

Published
2009

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