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4. Achievement of therapeutic antibiotic exposures using Bayesian dosing software in critically unwell children and adults with sepsis.

Author

Chai, MG, Tu, Q, Cotta, MO, Bauer, MJ, Balch, R, Okafor, C, Comans, T, Kruger, P, Meyer, J, Shekar, K, Brady, K, Fourie, C, Sharp, N, Vlad, L, Whiley, D, Ungerer, JPJ, Mcwhinney, BC, Farkas, A, Paterson, DL, Clark, JE, Hajkowicz, K, Raman, S, Bialasiewicz, S, Lipman, J, Forde, BM, Harris, PNA, Schlapbach, LJ, Coin, L, Roberts, JA, Irwin, AD, Chai, MG, Tu, Q, Cotta, MO, Bauer, MJ, Balch, R, Okafor, C, Comans, T, Kruger, P, Meyer, J, Shekar, K, Brady, K, Fourie, C, Sharp, N, Vlad, L, Whiley, D, Ungerer, JPJ, Mcwhinney, BC, Farkas, A, Paterson, DL, Clark, JE, Hajkowicz, K, Raman, S, Bialasiewicz, S, Lipman, J, Forde, BM, Harris, PNA, Schlapbach, LJ, Coin, L, Roberts, JA, and Irwin, AD

Abstract

PURPOSE: Early recognition and effective treatment of sepsis improves outcomes in critically ill patients. However, antibiotic exposures are frequently suboptimal in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. We describe the feasibility of the Bayesian dosing software Individually Designed Optimum Dosing Strategies (ID-ODS™), to reduce time to effective antibiotic exposure in children and adults with sepsis in ICU. METHODS: A multi-centre prospective, non-randomised interventional trial in three adult ICUs and one paediatric ICU. In a pre-intervention Phase 1, we measured the time to target antibiotic exposure in participants. In Phase 2, antibiotic dosing recommendations were made using ID-ODS™, and time to target antibiotic concentrations were compared to patients in Phase 1 (a pre-post-design). RESULTS: 175 antibiotic courses (Phase 1 = 123, Phase 2 = 52) were analysed from 156 participants. Across all patients, there was no difference in the time to achieve target exposures (8.7 h vs 14.3 h in Phase 1 and Phase 2, respectively, p = 0.45). Sixty-one courses in 54 participants failed to achieve target exposures within 24 h of antibiotic commencement (n = 36 in Phase 1, n = 18 in Phase 2). In these participants, ID-ODS™ was associated with a reduction in time to target antibiotic exposure (96 vs 36.4 h in Phase 1 and Phase 2, respectively, p < 0.01). These patients were less likely to exhibit subtherapeutic antibiotic exposures at 96 h (hazard ratio (HR) 0.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01-0.05, p < 0.01). There was no difference observed in in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Dosing software may reduce the time to achieve target antibiotic exposures. It should be evaluated further in trials to establish its impact on clinical outcomes.

Published
2024

5. Rapid nanopore sequencing and predictive susceptibility testing of positive blood cultures from intensive care patients with sepsis.

Author

Papp-Wallace, KM, Harris, PNA, Bauer, MJ, Lüftinger, L, Beisken, S, Forde, BM, Balch, R, Cotta, M, Schlapbach, L, Raman, S, Shekar, K, Kruger, P, Lipman, J, Bialasiewicz, S, Coin, L, Roberts, JA, Paterson, DL, Irwin, AD, Papp-Wallace, KM, Harris, PNA, Bauer, MJ, Lüftinger, L, Beisken, S, Forde, BM, Balch, R, Cotta, M, Schlapbach, L, Raman, S, Shekar, K, Kruger, P, Lipman, J, Bialasiewicz, S, Coin, L, Roberts, JA, Paterson, DL, and Irwin, AD

Abstract

We aimed to evaluate the performance of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing from positive blood culture (BC) broths for bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility prediction. Patients with suspected sepsis in four intensive care units were prospectively enrolled. Human-depleted DNA was extracted from positive BC broths and sequenced using ONT (MinION). Species abundance was estimated using Kraken2, and a cloud-based system (AREScloud) provided in silico predictive antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) from assembled contigs. Results were compared to conventional identification and phenotypic AST. Species-level agreement between conventional methods and AST predicted from sequencing was 94.2% (49/52), increasing to 100% in monomicrobial infections. In 262 high-quality AREScloud AST predictions across 24 samples, categorical agreement (CA) was 89.3%, with major error (ME) and very major error (VME) rates of 10.5% and 12.1%, respectively. Over 90% CA was achieved for some taxa (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) but was suboptimal for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In 470 AST predictions across 42 samples, with both high quality and exploratory-only predictions, overall CA, ME, and VME rates were 87.7%, 8.3%, and 28.4%. VME rates were inflated by false susceptibility calls in a small number of species/antibiotic combinations with few representative resistant isolates. Time to reporting from sequencing could be achieved within 8-16 h from BC positivity. Direct sequencing from positive BC broths is feasible and can provide accurate predictive AST for some species. ONT-based approaches may be faster but significant improvements in accuracy are required before it can be considered for clinical use.IMPORTANCESepsis and bloodstream infections carry a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Rapid identification and susceptibility prediction of causative pathogens, using Nanopore sequencing direct from blood cultures, may offer clinical benefit. We assessed this

Published
2024

7. I2Map: IoT Device Attestation Using Integrity Map

Author

Makhdoom, I, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Franklin, D, Piccardi, M, Makhdoom, I, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Franklin, D, and Piccardi, M

Abstract

The reliability of any IoT system's operation depends upon the accuracy of sensor data. Numerous sensing devices are also embedded in autonomous systems. The adversary can manipulate the output of an IoT device, such as a speed sensor or a temperature sensor, by altering its hardware, software modules, network parameters, or device configuration. These unauthorized changes may affect the legitimate operation of the autonomous system and cause a malfunction or a safety hazard. In addition, the corrupt sensor data may also affect the machine learning models by introducing false training data or biasing the model towards certain decisions to cause the autonomous system to make incorrect decisions. The existing techniques mostly perform memory attestation or ensure the secure execution of an application. In addition, current approaches have unrealistic assumptions about adversaries' capabilities and rely on trusted parties to initiate and run the attestation protocol. No existing technique provides all the required security features, including protection against return-oriented programming and network attacks, including interference, rainbow, and physical compromise. Hence, this research presents a secure and efficient version of a unique hybrid attestation scheme "I2Map"that detects a malicious or malfunctioning IoT device based on an integrity map. The performance analysis infers that I2Map performs better in transaction commit time and transaction costs with more device parameters than its predecessor.

Published
2024

8. Securing Personally Identifiable Information: A Survey of SOTA Techniques, and a Way Forward

Author

Makhdoom, I, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Shariati, N, Franklin, D, Piccardi, M, Makhdoom, I, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Shariati, N, Franklin, D, and Piccardi, M

Abstract

The current age is witnessing an unprecedented dependence on data originating from humans through the devices that comprise the Internet of Things. The data collected by these devices are used for many purposes, including predictive maintenance, smart analytics, preventive healthcare, disaster protection, and increased operational efficiency and performance. However, most applications and systems that rely on user data to achieve their business objectives fail to comply with privacy regulations and expose users to numerous privacy threats. Such privacy breaches raise concerns about the legitimacy of the data being processed. Hence, this paper reviews some notable techniques for transparently, securely, and privately separating and sharing personally identifiable and non-personally identifiable information in various domains. One of the key findings of this study is that, despite various advantages, none of the existing techniques or data sharing applications preserve data/user privacy throughout the data life cycle. Another significant issue is the lack of transparency for data subjects during the collection, storage, and processing of private data. In addition, as privacy is unique to every user, there cannot be a single autonomous solution to identify and secure personally identifiable information for users of a particular application, system, or people living in different states/countries. Therefore, this research suggests a way forward to prevent the leakage of personally identifiable information at various stages of the data life cycle in compliance with some of the common privacy regulations around the world. The proposed approach aims to empower data owners to select, share, monitor, and control access to their data. In addition, the data owner is a stakeholder and a party to all data sharing contracts related to his personal data. The proposed solution has broad security and privacy controls that can be tailored to the privacy needs of specific applications.

Published
2024

9. Internet Identifiers: A Survey of History, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Author

Babakian, A, Huston, G, Braun, R, Lipman, J, Babakian, A, Huston, G, Braun, R, and Lipman, J

Abstract

Identity systems are fundamental to any network, just as a language is shaped by a consistent set of symbols and their interpretation. A network is defined by a consistent set of identities and their usages. However, as pressures mount to customize and adapt to these identity spaces, one ponders how a network sustains its utility through coherence. This study investigates evolving Internet identifiers and their supporting systems. Owing to the multi-disciplinary nature of the topic, this paper draws perspectives from a wide array of sources that contribute to Internet systems and digital library systems. Initially, this paper highlights the dynamism and role of namespaces, focusing on the critical need to maintain coherence in the public domain. It also discusses the impact of mobility and digital cloning on identifiers and explores their influence on identity and location. In addition, key Internet identifiers are analyzed, contrasting them with methodologies adopted by digital library systems to provide deeper insights into various identity models. Furthermore, this study explores the evolution of the Domain Name System (DNS) as an identity system, examining the tensions and adaptations driven by customization demands. Finally, this paper explores alternative namespaces beyond the DNS, considering potential responses to these evolutionary pressures and future implications.

Published
2024

10. Multi-Agent Multi-Armed Bandit Learning for Grant-Free Access in Ultra-Dense IoT Networks

Author

Raza, MA, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Shariati, N, Ni, W, Jamalipour, A, Raza, MA, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Shariati, N, Ni, W, and Jamalipour, A

Abstract

Meeting the diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements in ultra-dense Internet of Things (IoT) networks operating under varying network loads is challenging. Moreover, latency-critical IoT applications cannot afford excessive control signaling overheads caused by centralized access control methods. A distributed network access approach can potentially address this problem. In this regard, multi-agent multi-armed bandit (MAB) learning is a promising tool for designing distributed network access protocols. This paper proposes a multi-agent MAB learning-based grant-free access mechanism for ultra-dense networks, where multiple base stations (BSs) serve massive delay-sensitive and delay-tolerant IoT devices. Delay-sensitive devices are prioritized to choose the BSs with larger numbers of channels in a probabilistic manner. The proposed mechanism enables the devices to improve their BS selection over time to accommodate the maximum number of devices that can meet a prescribed latency-reliability criterion. Simulation results show that the proposed MAB learning-based network access mechanism outperforms the random BS selection strategy in which end devices do not employ any learning scheme to adapt to the network dynamics.

Published
2024

18. Core competencies in critical care for general medical practitioners in South Africa: A Delphi study

Author

Maasdorp, S D, primary, Paruk, F, additional, De Vasconcellos, K, additional, Grion, C, additional, Joubert, I, additional, Joynt, G, additional, Kalafatis, N, additional, Lapinsky, S E, additional, Lipman, J, additional, Malbrain, M L N G, additional, Mrara, B, additional, Richards, G A, additional, Spruyt, M, additional, Van der Merwe, E, additional, Vincent, J-L, additional, and Van der Merwe, L J, additional

Published
2023
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23. Correction to the paper 'Duality and Flat Base Change on Formal Schemes'

Author

Alonso, L., Jeremias, A., and Lipman, J.

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, Mathematics - Commutative Algebra, 14F99 (Primary), 13D99, 14B15, 32C37 (Secondary)
Abstract

In section 8.3 of our paper "Duality and Flat Base Change on Formal Schemes" (http://arXiv.org/abs/alg-geom/9708006) some important results concerning localization of, and preservation of coherence by, basic duality functors, were based on the false statement that any closed formal subscheme of an open subscheme of the completion P of a relative projective space is an open subscheme of a closed formal subscheme of P. In this note, the said results are provided with solid foundations.

Published
2001

24. Proposed primary endpoints for use in clinical trials that compare treatment options for bloodstream infection in adults: a consensus definition

Author

Harris, P.N.A., McNamara, J.F., Lye, D.C., Davis, J.S., Bernard, L., Cheng, A.C., Doi, Y., Fowler, V.G., Jr., Kaye, K.S., Leibovici, L., Lipman, J., Llewelyn, M.J., Munoz-Price, S., Paul, M., Peleg, A.Y., Rodríguez-Baño, J., Rogers, B.A., Seifert, H., Thamlikitkul, V., Thwaites, G., Tong, S.Y.C., Turnidge, J., Utili, R., Webb, S.A.R., and Paterson, D.L.

Published
2017
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26. A protocol for an international, multicentre pharmacokinetic study for Screening Antifungal Exposure in Intensive Care Units: The SAFE-ICU study

Author

Roberts, JA, Sime, F, Lipman, J, Hernandez-Mitre, MP, Baptista, JP, Brueggemann, RJ, Darvall, J, Waele, JJD, Dimopoulos, G, Lefrant, J-Y, Nor, MBM, Seoane, L, Slavin, MA, Valkonen, M, Venditti, M, Wong, WT, Zeitlinger, M, Roger, C, Roberts, JA, Sime, F, Lipman, J, Hernandez-Mitre, MP, Baptista, JP, Brueggemann, RJ, Darvall, J, Waele, JJD, Dimopoulos, G, Lefrant, J-Y, Nor, MBM, Seoane, L, Slavin, MA, Valkonen, M, Venditti, M, Wong, WT, Zeitlinger, M, and Roger, C

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To describe whether contemporary dosing of antifungal drugs achieves therapeutic exposures in critically ill patients that are associated with optimal outcomes. Adequate antifungal therapy is a key determinant of survival of critically ill patients with fungal infections. Critical illness can alter an antifungal agents' pharmacokinetics, increasing the risk of inappropriate antifungal exposure that may lead to treatment failure and/or toxicity. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This international, multicentre, observational pharmacokinetic study will comprise adult critically ill patients prescribed antifungal agents including fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin, and amphotericin B for the treatment or prophylaxis of invasive fungal disease. A minimum of 12 patients are targeted for enrolment for each antifungal agent, across 12 countries and 30 intensive care units to perform descriptive pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetic sampling will occur during two dosing intervals (occasions): firstly, between days 1 and 3, and secondly, between days 4 and 7 of the antifungal course, collecting three samples per occasion. Patients' demographic and clinical data will be collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint of the study is attainment of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target exposures that are associated with optimal efficacy. Thirty-day mortality will also be measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: This study will describe whether contemporary antifungal drug dosing achieves drug exposures associated with optimal outcomes. Data will also be used for the development of antifungal dosing algorithms for critically ill patients. Optimised drug dosing should be considered a priority for improving clinical outcomes for critically ill patients with fungal infections.

Published
2023

27. A protocol for an international, multicentre pharmacokinetic study for Screening Antifungal Exposure in Intensive Care Units: The SAFE-ICU study.

Author

Roberts, J.A., Sime, F., Lipman, J., Hernández-Mitre, M.P., Baptista, J.P., Bruggemann, R.J.M., Darvall, J., Waele, J.J. De, Dimopoulos, G., Lefrant, J.Y., Mat Nor, M.B., Rello, J., Seoane, L., Slavin, M.A., Valkonen, M., Venditti, M., Wong, W.T., Zeitlinger, M., Roger, C., Roberts, J.A., Sime, F., Lipman, J., Hernández-Mitre, M.P., Baptista, J.P., Bruggemann, R.J.M., Darvall, J., Waele, J.J. De, Dimopoulos, G., Lefrant, J.Y., Mat Nor, M.B., Rello, J., Seoane, L., Slavin, M.A., Valkonen, M., Venditti, M., Wong, W.T., Zeitlinger, M., and Roger, C.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 299630.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), OBJECTIVE: To describe whether contemporary dosing of antifungal drugs achieves therapeutic exposures in critically ill patients that are associated with optimal outcomes. Adequate antifungal therapy is a key determinant of survival of critically ill patients with fungal infections. Critical illness can alter an antifungal agents' pharmacokinetics, increasing the risk of inappropriate antifungal exposure that may lead to treatment failure and/or toxicity. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This international, multicentre, observational pharmacokinetic study will comprise adult critically ill patients prescribed antifungal agents including fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin, and amphotericin B for the treatment or prophylaxis of invasive fungal disease. A minimum of 12 patients are targeted for enrolment for each antifungal agent, across 12 countries and 30 intensive care units to perform descriptive pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetic sampling will occur during two dosing intervals (occasions): firstly, between days 1 and 3, and secondly, between days 4 and 7 of the antifungal course, collecting three samples per occasion. Patients' demographic and clinical data will be collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint of the study is attainment of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target exposures that are associated with optimal efficacy. Thirty-day mortality will also be measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: This study will describe whether contemporary antifungal drug dosing achieves drug exposures associated with optimal outcomes. Data will also be used for the development of antifungal dosing algorithms for critically ill patients. Optimised drug dosing should be considered a priority for improving clinical outcomes for critically ill patients with fungal infections.

Published
2023

30. Dual-Band, Slant-Polarized MIMO Antenna Set for Vehicular Communication

Author

Keshavarz, R, Winson, D, Lipman, J, Abolhasan, M, Shariati, N, Keshavarz, R, Winson, D, Lipman, J, Abolhasan, M, and Shariati, N

Abstract

Slant polarized Multi Input Multi Output MIMO antennas are able to improve the performance of mobile communication systems in terms of channel capacity Specifically the implementation of MIMO configurations for automotive applications requires the consideration of high gain wideband low profile and affordable antennas in the communication link In this work design simulation and measurement of a new dual band slant polarized MIMO antenna with HPBW Half Power Beam Width of around 900 are presented Then four replicas of the proposed antenna set are placed at four different poles North South West and East to cover 3600 around the vehicle in an omni directional pattern In a real world scenario the proper antenna set is selected to communicate with the intended user Each slant MIMO antenna set consists of two inclined 450 low band LB 700 to 900 MHz and two inclined high band HB 1 7 to 2 7 GHz log periodic antennas The measured gain of LB and HB antennas are 7 dBi and 8 dBi respectively Strong correlation between simulation and measurement results confirms the accuracy of the design and simulation procedures of the proposed antenna system obtained using a genetic optimization algorithm The fabricated antenna was also measured in the field for industrial applications

Published
2023

31. Multiservice Compact Pixelated Stacked Antenna With Different Pixel Shapes for IoT Applications

Author

Ullah, MA, Keshavarz, R, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Shariati, N, Ullah, MA, Keshavarz, R, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, and Shariati, N

Abstract

This article presents a multiservice pixelated stacked antenna for dual-band application at 5.2 and 5.8-GHz bands. An efficient method for designing multilayer or stacked antennas for multistandard Internet of Things (IoT) applications is proposed in this article. The proposed antenna topology is based on two different pixel shapes and offers essential aspects, such as flexibilities in the design of low-profile single-band or multiband antennas for wireless systems. The antenna design consists of two pixelated layers of radiating patch, consisting of different shaped pixels. The V-shaped binary particle swarm optimization (VBPSO) algorithm has been implemented for the optimization of pixel positions. Only by considering the predefined regions, the antenna can be designed and optimized for various design goals. In the design procedure, triangular-shaped pixels are used to form the principal radiating patch, while square-shaped pixels are implemented on the stacked parasitic patch. Measurement and simulation results are in good agreement which proves the accuracy of the design and simulation procedure. The antenna operates at 5.16-5.21 GHz and 5.79-5.86 GHz. With a compact design, the proposed antenna achieves 4.7 and 4.4-dBi gain at 5.2 and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna design methodology offers great potentials to be aligned with specific design requirements of wireless low-profile IoT devices.

Published
2023

32. Intelligent spatial interpolation-based frost prediction methodology using artificial neural networks with limited local data

Author

Zhou, I, Lipman, J, Abolhasan, M, Shariati, N, Zhou, I, Lipman, J, Abolhasan, M, and Shariati, N

Abstract

The weather phenomenon of frost poses great threats to agriculture. As recent frost prediction methods are based on on-site historical data and sensors, extra development and deployment time are required for data collection in any new site. The aim of this article is to eliminate the dependency on on-site historical data and sensors for frost prediction methods. In this article, a frost prediction method based on spatial interpolation is proposed. The models use climate data from existing weather stations, digital elevation models surveys, and normalized difference vegetation index data to estimate a target site's next hour minimum temperature. The proposed method utilizes ensemble learning to increase the model accuracy. Climate datasets are obtained from 75 weather stations across New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory areas of Australia. The results show that the proposed method reached a detection rate up to 92.55%.

Published
2023

36. P420 Safety & feasibility of targeted mesenteric approaches to ileocolic resection and anastomosis in Crohn’s Disease

Author

Holubar, S, primary, Cohen, B, additional, Uchino, T, additional, Lincango, E, additional, Prien, C, additional, Joseph, A, additional, Achkar, J P, additional, Gunter, R, additional, Lashner, B, additional, DeLaney, C, additional, Ban, K, additional, Bolshinsky, V, additional, Lipman, J, additional, Liska, D, additional, Philpott, J, additional, Naseer, M, additional, Kanters, A, additional, Braga-Neto, M, additional, Rieder, F, additional, Somovilla, J, additional, Qazi, T, additional, Regueiro, M, additional, Hull, T, additional, and Steele, S, additional

Published
2023
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42. A multi-layered intrusion detection system for software defined networking ☆

Author

Bour, H, Abolhasan, M, Jafarizadeh, S, Lipman, J, and Makhdoom, I

Subjects
Electrical & Electronic Engineering, 0803 Computer Software, 0805 Distributed Computing, 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

The majority of existing DDoS defense mechanisms in SDN impose a significant computational burden on the controller and employ limited flow statistics and packet features. Tackling these issues, this paper presents a multi-layer defense mechanism that detects and mitigates three distinct types of flooding DDoS attacks. In the proposed framework, the detection process consists of flow-based and packet-based attack detection mechanisms employing Extreme Learning Machine-based Single-hidden Layer Feedforward Networks (ELM-SLFNs) and Case-based Information Entropy (C-IE), respectively. Moreover, the affected switches are avoided in the optimal path determined by the Floyd-Warshall algorithm, where the switches are classified based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) using the extracted packet features. Our simulation demonstrates the improved performance of our framework compared to similar schemes proposed in the literature in terms of different metrics, including attack detection rate, detection accuracy, false-positive rate, switch failure ratio, packet loss rate, response time, and CPU utilization.

Published
2022

43. The clinical relevance of oliguria in the critically ill patient: Analysis of a large observational database

Author

Vincent, J, Ferguson, A, Pickkers, P, Jakob, S, Jaschinski, U, Almekhlafi, G, Leone, M, Mokhtari, M, Fontes, L, Bauer, P, Sakr, Y, Tomas, E, Bibonge, E, Charra, B, Faroudy, M, Doedens, L, Farina, Z, Adler, D, Balkema, C, Kok, A, Alaya, S, Gharsallah, H, Muzha, D, Temelkov, A, Georgiev, G, Simeonov, G, Tsaryanski, G, Georgiev, S, Seliman, A, Vrankovic, S, Vucicevic, Z, Gornik, I, Barsic, B, Husedzinovic, I, Pavlik, P, Manak, J, Kieslichova, E, Turek, R, Fischer, M, Valkova, R, Dadak, L, Dostal, P, Malaska, J, Hajek, R, Zidkova, A, Lavicka, P, Starkopf, J, Kheladze, Z, Chkhaidze, M, Kaloiani, V, Medve, L, Sarkany, A, Kremer, I, Marjanek, Z, Tamasi, P, Krupnova, I, Vanags, I, Liguts, V, Pilvinis, V, Vosylius, S, Kekstas, G, Balciunas, M, Kolbusz, J, Kubler, A, Mielczarek, B, Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz, M, Kotfis, K, Tamowicz, B, Sulkowski, W, Smuszkiewicz, P, Pihowicz, A, Trejnowska, E, Hagau, N, Filipescu, D, Droc, G, Lupu, M, Nica, A, Stoica, R, Tomescu, D, Constantinescu, D, Valcoreanu Zbaganu, G, Slavcovici, A, Bagin, V, Belsky, D, Palyutin, S, Shlyapnikov, S, Bikkulova, D, Gritsan, A, Natalia, G, Makarenko, E, Kokhno, V, Tolkach, A, Kokarev, E, Belotserkovskiy, B, Zolotukhin, K, Kulabukhov, V, Soskic, L, Palibrk, I, Jankovic, R, Jovanovic, B, Pandurovic, M, Bumbasirevic, V, Uljarevic, B, Surbatovic, M, Ladjevic, N, Slobodianiuk, G, Sobona, V, Cikova, A, Gebhardtova, A, Jun, C, Yunbo, S, Dong, J, Feng, S, Duan, M, Xu, Y, Xue, X, Gao, T, Xing, X, Zhao, X, Li, C, Gengxihua, G, Tan, H, Xu, J, Jiang, L, Tiehe, Q, Bingyu, Q, Shi, Q, Lv, Z, Zhang, L, Jingtao, L, Zhen, Z, Wang, Z, Wang, T, Yuhong, L, Zhai, Q, Chen, Y, Wang, C, Jiang, W, Ruilan, W, Xiaobo, H, Ge, H, Yan, T, Yuhui, C, Zhang, J, Jian-Hong, F, Zhu, H, Huo, F, Wang, Y, Zhuang, M, Ma, Z, Sun, J, Liuqingyue, L, Yang, M, Meng, J, Ma, S, Kang, Y, Yu, L, Peng, Q, Wei, Y, Zhang, W, Sun, R, Yeung, A, Wan, W, Sin, K, Lee, K, Wijanti, M, Widodo, U, Samsirun, H, Sugiman, T, Wisudarti, C, Maskoen, T, Hata, N, Kobe, Y, Nishida, O, Miyazaki, D, Nunomiya, S, Uchino, S, Kitamura, N, Yamashita, K, Hashimoto, S, Fukushima, H, Adib, N, Tai, L, Tony, B, Bigornia, R, Palo, J, Chatterjee, S, Tan, B, Kong, A, Goh, S, Lee, C, Pothirat, C, Khwannimit, B, Theerawit, P, Pornsuriyasak, P, Piriyapatsom, A, Mukhtar, A, Hamdy, A, Hosny, H, Ashraf, A, Nowruzinia, S, Lotfi, A, Zand, F, Nikandish, R, Moghaddam, O, Cohen, J, Sold, O, Sfeir, T, Hasan, A, Abugaber, D, Ahmad, H, Tantawy, T, Baharoom, S, Algethamy, H, Amr, A, Coskun, R, Sungur, M, Cosar, A, Gucyetmez, B, Demirkiran, O, Senturk, E, Ulusoy, H, Atalan, H, Serin, S, Kati, I, Alnassrawi, Z, Almemari, A, Krishnareddy, K, Kashef, S, Alsabbah, A, Poirier, G, Marshall, J, Herridge, M, Fernandez-Medero, R, Fulda, G, Banschbach, S, Quintero, J, Schroeder, E, Sicoutris, C, Gueret, R, Kashyap, R, Nanchal, R, Wunderink, R, Jimenez, E, Ryan, A, Prince, D, Edington, J, Van Haren, F, Bersten, A, Hawkins, D, Kilminster, M, Sturgess, D, Ziegenfuss, M, O' Connor, S, Lipman, J, Campbell, L, Mcallister, R, Roberts, B, Williams, P, Parke, R, Seigne, P, Freebairn, R, Nistor, D, Oxley, C, Young, P, Valentini, R, Wainsztein, N, Comignani, P, Casaretto, M, Sutton, G, Villegas, P, Galletti, C, Neira, J, Rovira, D, Hidalgo, J, Sandi, F, Caser, E, Thompson, M, D'Agostino Dias, M, Lunardi, M, Youssef, N, Lobo, S, Silva, R, Sales, J, Melo, L, Oliveira, M, Fonte, M, Grion, C, Feijo, C, Rezende, V, Assuncao, M, Neves, A, Gusman, P, Dalcomune, D, Teixeira, C, Kaefer, K, Maia, I, Dantas, V, Filho, R, Amorim, F, Assef, M, Schiavetto, P, Houly, J, Bianchi, F, Dias, F, Avila, C, Rego, L, Castro, P, Passos, J, Mendes, C, Mecatti, G, Ferrreira, M, Irineu, V, Guerreiro, M, Ugarte, S, Tomicic, V, Godoy, C, Samaniego, W, Escamilla, I, Castro Castro, L, Duque, G, Diaz-Guio, D, Benitez, F, Urrego, A, Buitrago, R, Ortiz, G, Villalba Gaviria, M, Salas, D, Ramirez-Arce, J, Salgado, E, Morocho, D, Vergara, J, Sang, M, Orellana-Jimenez, C, Garrido, L, Diaz, O, Resiere, D, Osorio, C, De La 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Abstract

Background: Urine output is widely used as one of the criteria for the diagnosis and staging of acute renal failure, but few studies have specifically assessed the role of oliguria as a marker of acute renal failure or outcomes in general intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Using a large multinational database, we therefore evaluated the occurrence of oliguria (defined as a urine output < 0.5 ml/kg/h) in acutely ill patients and its association with the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) and outcome. Methods: International observational study. All adult (> 16 years) patients in the ICON audit who had a urine output measurement on the day of admission were included. To investigate the association between oliguria and mortality, we used a multilevel analysis. Results: Of the 8292 patients included, 2050 (24.7%) were oliguric during the first 24 h of admission. Patients with oliguria on admission who had at least one additional 24-h urine output recorded during their ICU stay (n = 1349) were divided into three groups: transient - oliguria resolved within 48 h after the admission day (n = 390 [28.9%]), prolonged - oliguria resolved > 48 h after the admission day (n = 141 [10.5%]), and permanent - oliguria persisting for the whole ICU stay or again present at the end of the ICU stay (n = 818 [60.6%]). ICU and hospital mortality rates were higher in patients with oliguria than in those without, except for patients with transient oliguria who had significantly lower mortality rates than non-oliguric patients. In multilevel analysis, the need for RRT was associated with a significantly higher risk of death (OR = 1.51 [95% CI 1.19-1.91], p = 0.001), but the presence of oliguria on admission was not (OR = 1.14 [95% CI 0.97-1.34], p = 0.103). Conclusions: Oliguria is common in ICU patients and may have a relatively benign nature if only transient. The duration of oliguria and need for RRT are associated with worse outcome.

Published
2020

45. Precision dosing software to optimize antimicrobial dosing: a systematic search and follow-up survey of available programs

Author

Jager, N.G.L., Chai, M.G., Hest, R.M. van, Lipman, J., Roberts, J.A., Cotta, M.O., Jager, N.G.L., Chai, M.G., Hest, R.M. van, Lipman, J., Roberts, J.A., and Cotta, M.O.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Precision dosing programs are promising tools for optimising antimicrobial dosing. Selecting the ideal program for local application may be challenging due to the large variety of available programs with differing characteristics. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to systematically identify available precision dosing software programs to optimize antimicrobial dosing and describe the characteristics of each program. Details on the ability of programs to provide beta-lactam dosing support was also gathered. SOURCES: A systematic review search strategy was used to identify candidate software programs described in the literature in Embase and PubMed. A detailed survey was then developed to identify characteristics of programs, including details on the underlying methodology driving dosing software recommendations, interface characteristics, costs and regulatory affairs. Software developers from all identified programs were invited to participate in the survey. CONTENT: The systematic search results identified 18 programs. Fifteen developers responded to the survey (83%) and 11 programs provide dosing support for at least one beta-lactam. Fourteen programs can utilize measured drug concentrations to generate dosing recommendations, with 13 able to generate empiric dosing recommendations. Six programs integrate with local electronic health records and four are registered with at least one regulatory agency. Pharmacokinetic models in combination with Bayesian statistics is the most common methodology used to generate dosing recommendations, with 14 programs utilizing this method. IMPLICATIONS: There was significant variability in the available antimicrobial profiles and characteristics among dosing software programs. As healthcare providers will differ in their requirements within their local settings, clinicians should use these findings to identify potential candidate programs and, if feasible, trial these to ensure they meet their specific requi

Published
2022

46. A Variational Bayesian Gaussian Mixture-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization Model to Extract Movement Primitives for Robust Control

Author

Xie, H, Mengersen, K, Di, C, Zhang, Y, Lipman, J, Van Huffel, S, Xie, H, Mengersen, K, Di, C, Zhang, Y, Lipman, J, and Van Huffel, S

Abstract

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a powerful tool for parameter estimation applied in numerous robotics applications, such as path planning, motion trajectory prediction, and motion intention detection. In particular, NMF has been successfully used to extract simplified and organized movement primitives from myoelectric signal (MES) for robust control of multi-degree of freedom humanoid robots. However, MES is typically contaminated by complex noise sources. The system performance often degrades due to the simplified Gaussian assumption of the noise distribution in existing NMF methods. Furthermore, most existing NMF models are unable to automatically determine the rank of the latent matrices. To address these issues, this article presents a hybrid variational Bayesian Gaussian mixture and NMF (GMNMF) model with a finite Gaussian mixture model adopted to fit the mixed noise density function of MES. In addition, the automatic relevant determination criterion is applied to automatically infer the number of movement primitives. The coordinate descent update rules for the proposed model are formulated by mean-field variational Bayesian inference. We assess the model performance on five synthetic noise distribution functions and an experimental MES dataset to perform six wrist movements. The results demonstrate that GMNMF yields low error and high robustness in extracting the movement primitives over four competitive methods for robust cybernetic control.

Published
2022

47. A Retrospective on Workload Identifiers: From Data Center to Cloud-Native Networks

Author

Babakian, A, Monclus, P, Braun, R, Lipman, J, Babakian, A, Monclus, P, Braun, R, and Lipman, J

Abstract

As applications move to multiple clouds, the network has become a reactive element to support cloud consumption and application needs. Through each generation of network architectures, identifiers and the use of dynamic locators evolved in different levels of the protocol stack. The identifiers and locators type is defined by the isolation boundary and how the architecture considers semantic overload in the IP address. Each solution is an outcome of incrementalism, resulting in application delivery outgrowing the underlying network. This paper contributes an industrial retrospective of how the schemes and mechanisms for identification and location of network entities have evolved in traditional data centers and how they match cloud-native application requirements. Specifically, there is an evaluation of each application artifact that forced necessary changes in the identifiers and locators. Finally, the common themes are highlighted from observations to determine the investigation areas that may play an essential role in the future of cloud-native networking.

Published
2022

48. Efficient Dual-Band Single-Port Rectifier for RF Energy Harvesting at FM and GSM Bands

Author

Nikkhah, N, Keshavarz, R, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Shariati, N, Nikkhah, N, Keshavarz, R, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, and Shariati, N

Abstract

This paper presents an efficient dual-band rectifier for radiofrequency energy harvesting (RFEH) applications at FM and GSM bands. The single-port rectifier circuit, which comprises a 3-port network, optimized T-matching circuits and voltage doubler, is designed, simulated and fabricated to obtain a high RF-to-DC power conversion efficiency (PCE). Measurement results show PCE of26% and 22% at -20dBm, and also 58% and 51% at -10dBm with a maximum amount of 69% and 65% at -2.5dBm and -5dBm, with single tone at 95 and 925 MHz, respectively. Besides, the fractional bandwidth of 21% at FM and 11% at GSM band is achieved. The measurement and simulation results are in good agreement. Consequently, the proposed rectifier can be a potential candidate for ambient RF energy harvesting and wireless power transfer (WPT). It should be noted that a 3-port network as a duplexer is designed to be integrated with single-port antennas which cover both FM and GSM bands as a low-cost solution. Moreover, based on simulation results, PCE has small variations when the load resistor varies from 10 to 18 k$\Omega$. Therefore, this rectifier can be utilized for any desired resistance within the range, such as sensors and IoT devices.

Published
2022

49. RF-Self-Powered Sensor for Fully Autonomous Soil Moisture Sensing

Author

Amiri, M, Abolhasan, M, Shariati, N, Lipman, J, Amiri, M, Abolhasan, M, Shariati, N, and Lipman, J

Abstract

Soil moisture monitoring and irrigation scheduling are essential parameters in farming efficiency. Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology is a promising solution for automating irrigation procedures and improving farming efficiency by removing human faults. In this article, a new method is introduced to measure soil moisture level along with providing energy to run a low-power transmitter as an alarm signal. A combination of a metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) and two rectifiers that are designed at different frequencies specifies 5% and 25% soil moisture levels. The sensor monitors the soil moisture continuously without consuming energy. Once the soil moisture becomes 5% of the first rectifier starts working and provides 65 $\text{uW}$ dc output, while the second rectifier is off. Increasing the soil moisture to 25%, the second rectifier creates 100 uW dc output when the first rectifier is off. The designed structure is fabricated on RO4003 in a $4$ $\times$ $4$ array. The measurement results are provided by performing a set of different experiments. Initially, the MPA’s absorption characteristics are validated facing different polarization and incident angles. Then, the sensing capability is proven by burying the proposed sensor under sand and measuring the dc outputs of rectifiers. A strong correlation between simulation and measurement results validates the design procedure.

Published
2022

50. Joint Mobile Node Participation and Multihop Routing for Emerging Open Radio-Based Intelligent Transportation System

Author

Ashtari, S, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Shariati, N, Ni, W, Jamalipour, A, Ashtari, S, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J, Shariati, N, Ni, W, and Jamalipour, A

Abstract

This paper proposes joint mobile node participation and routing protocol for multi-hop device-to-device (MD2D) networking in intelligent transportation systems, called fuzzy-based participation and routing protocol for MD2D (FPRM). Our proposed protocol is designed to operate over future open-radio access networks (O-RANs). We introduce a sub-layer at the network layer that can determine nodes with the highest participation probability in routing using a fuzzy logic system, thus building a framework to create more stable routes. To ensure the participating nodes are capable of handling the data traffic, two constraints are proposed, mobility and coverage constraints. The former enables the creation of sustainable communication links, and the latter enforces the communication service to the entire MD2D network. Simulation results show that our approach can increase the network lifetime, decrease the end-to-end (E2E) delay, and increase the packet delivery ratio (PDR) compared to the existing proactive routing protocol. Our protocol outperforms the benchmarked MD2D protocols and other investigated ad hoc protocols.

Published
2022

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