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Individuals with anorexia (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN) often present with fear of loss of control in the context of eating. It is unclear whether this fear of loss of control, which has been associated with fear of failure and a sense of not being in charge of one’s own life in eating disorders, can be distinguished from self-perceived maintained control over food intake in AN. Further, anxious traits are elevated across eating disorders and could contribute to this fear of loss of control. We recruited 113 adult women: restricting type AN (n = 26), BN (n = 28), and healthy controls (CW, n = 59). Participants completed the Eating Expectancies Inventory (EEI), which assesses learned expectations on the effects of eating, including whether Eating Leads to Feeling out of Control, and the Trait Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ-T), which measures food craving and the ability to withstand those cravings, including self-perceived Lack of Control Over Eating. Eating Leads to Feeling out of Control was elevated in AN and BN compared to CW. Lack of Control Over Eating was similar between AN and CW but elevated in BN. Intolerance of uncertainty correlated with those measures in CW only. Individuals with restricting-type AN experience feeling out of control when eating while maintaining self-perceived control over eating. The EEI’s eating leads to feeling out of control is associated with negative self-improvement expectations. Targeting self-improvement through more functional strategies could be an important aspect in psychotherapy in AN and reduce the perceived need to restrict food intake. Level III, Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.

Individuals with anorexia (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN) often present with fear of loss of control in the context of eating. It is unclear whether this fear of loss of control, which has been associated with fear of failure and a sense of not being in charge of one's own life in eating disorders, can be distinguished from self-perceived maintained control over food intake in AN. Further, anxious traits are elevated across eating disorders and could contribute to this fear of loss of control.We recruited 113 adult women: restricting type AN (n = 26), BN (n = 28), and healthy controls (CW, n = 59). Participants completed the Eating Expectancies Inventory (EEI), which assesses learned expectations on the effects of eating, including whether Eating Leads to Feeling out of Control, and the Trait Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ-T), which measures food craving and the ability to withstand those cravings, including self-perceived Lack of Control Over Eating.Eating Leads to Feeling out of Control was elevated in AN and BN compared to CW. Lack of Control Over Eating was similar between AN and CW but elevated in BN. Intolerance of uncertainty correlated with those measures in CW only.Individuals with restricting-type AN experience feeling out of control when eating while maintaining self-perceived control over eating. The EEI's eating leads to feeling out of control is associated with negative self-improvement expectations. Targeting self-improvement through more functional strategies could be an important aspect in psychotherapy in AN and reduce the perceived need to restrict food intake.Level III, Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.

The croaking gourami (Trichopsis vittatus) exhibits two phenotypes associated with humeral spotting. Fish possess a prominent, dark humeral patch or spot located behind the operculum or lack this spotting pattern. Segregation patterns observed from the progenies of eleven different crosses support the hypothesis that the inheritance of humeral spotting in T. vittatus is controlled by the action of a single autosomal locus, with complete dominance of the allele controlling the spotted phenotype.

Mentorships are important relationships that pair youth with more experienced members of the community. Mentorships facilitated by organizations often connect two community members who are unlikely to meet by happenstance, thus increasing social capital and aiding community development. Yet, difficulties in measuring how formal mentorships improve a city’s social capital and participant welfare might dissuade communities from investing in such programs. We describe a mixed-methods approach for measuring the impact of mentorship programs using a case study in Santa Fe, New Mexico. We survey participants and analyze differences between mentor and protege neighborhoods using U.S. Census data in a Geographic Information System.We find that participants report increases in social capital indicators including connections between individuals with socio-economic differences. However, Census data indicate that mentors and proteges have relatively few socio-economic differences in their neighborhoods. This divergence emphasizes the importance of measuring social capital in an urban and spatial context.

The croaking gourami (Trichopsis vittatus) exhibits two phenotypesassociated with humeral spotting. Fish possess aprominent, dark humeral patch or spot located behind theoperculum or lack this spotting pattern. Segregation patternsobserved from the progenies of eleven different crosses supportthe hypothesis that the inheritance of humeral spottingin T. vittatus is controlled by the action of a single autosomallocus, with complete dominance of the allele controlling thespotted phenotype.

Ten years ago, observers warned that foreign direct investment in the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) would be stymied by the problem of environmental liability for past pollution. CEE governments responded by granting some investors exemptions from liability for past pollution. Nevertheless, during the 1990s, many investors steered away from contaminated properties, opting to construct new facilities in more pristine areas. Increasingly, in Western Europe and the United States, governments view liability for past pollution as one aspect of the broader problem of attracting wary investors to old, industrial properties or “brotunfields. “CEE governments can gain by considering the applicability of Western-style brownfields revitalization policies and programs to the CEE context. CEE governments can adapt legal and regulatory aspects of brownfields cleanup programs. But, the financial demands of brownfields cleanup are insurmountable in CEE without stepped-up economic assistance from external actors.