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This research sought to develop a structured methodology for transferring resilience resources and safety innovation across industrial sectors, specifically, from aviation to maritime. As transportation sectors struggle to adapt to new economic realities and seek to prosper in new operational contexts there is a need to preserve resources and invest in change initiatives which will derive meaningful impact. A structured methodology to guide a principled transfer of safety solutions across sectors would be a sustainable method of improving the resilience of the sector. An action research approach was adopted. A five-step methodology was developed in cooperation with three maritime organisations to identify challenges and resilience resources from aviation which could be feasibly transferred and implemented. Five steps were identified as being key to a principled transfer of resilience resources from aviation to maritime. They were as follows: (1) industry comparison and database of aviation resilience resources; (2) maritime user needs and gap analysis, and resilience resources evaluation and selection; (3) scenarios production and resources mapping onto scenarios; (4) feasibility analysis; and (5) implementation plan. The results highlight the utility of combining bottom-up (identifying problems) and top-down (identifying a database of resources) approaches at the outset. A comprehensive workshop-based feasibility analysis is also key to ensuring the identified resources can be effectively implemented in the destination sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study traces the evolution of perceptions and use of computed tomography (CT) by radiology technicians in the emergency department (ED) of a hospital in Italy across a 7-year period.Background: The sociotechnical context of the CT room of an ED has been neglected by scientific research-potentially impacting safety.Method: Two studies were performed, one in 2011 and one in 2018. Six CT technicians were involved in each. Structured interviews were performed to gather information on perceptions related to the evolution of the use of CT according to nine different factors-e.g. the level of complexity, and mental workload. Observations were performed on duration of exams, the flow of people, conversations, and any critical issues.Results: The CT technology is appreciated, used effectively and with confidence by CT technicians. From 2011-2018, the execution times of the exams have decreased but not the proportion of time dedicated to the patient. Expectations for future improvements are limited by issues concerning the design of both the user interface and the social context of the ED workplace.Conclusions: The safety and efficiency of the system as a whole are greatly dependent on the competence of the CT technicians. CT manufacturers rely on this competence to help compensate for the deficiencies created by suboptimal user interfaces and the lack of fit of the technology with the social context of the workplace.Application: Training programs aimed at improving the management of relationships and communications between staff could improve performance and efficiency. CT manufacturers should try to better understand the cognitive and operational context of the workplaces where CT technicians work-and to design better diagnostic technology which accounts for these operational realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between stress and unethical behaviour amongst non-tenured research staff in academia is a relatively unexplored phenomenon. The research reported herein was therefore carried out with the aim of exploring the relationship(s) between stress, the socio-organisational factors which contribute to it, job satisfaction, perceptions of job instability, and the occurrence of unethical behaviour in research. 793 Italian researchers participated in the research—all of whom were working on fixed-term contracts—after being individually requested to complete an online questionnaire. The data indicate that unethical behaviours occur with alarming frequency. The stress level reported is quite high, as is the level of perceived job insecurity, both of which impact upon levels of job satisfaction. Perceived stress levels also seem to play a role in the commission of unethical behaviours, but this relationship is irrelevant when one considers the role of social and organisational factors that are known to induce it. Indeed, it seems that there are various socio-organisational determinants of stress that have an obvious direct negative influence on the commission of unethical behaviours more than the stress level per se. This research paints a worrying picture in relation to the psycho-physical state of non-tenured researchers as a result of the working conditions in which they find themselves in Italian universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]