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Objective: To evaluate the possible association of a polymorphism in the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1), 1958G>A, with the susceptibility to orofacial cleft in an Indonesian population. Material and Methods: A total of 200 stored secondary biological samples from 30 cases of orofacial cleft and 170 unaffected controls were analyzed to determine the polymorphism status at base 1958. The analysis was conducted using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique after digestion with the Msp1 restriction enzyme. The samples were then subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis to investigate the presence or absence of the following fragments: genotype GG, 196, 86 and 40 base pairs (bp); genotype AA, 282 and 28 bp and genotype AG, 282, 196, 86, 40 and 28 bp. The test groups were compared using the Chi-square test. Results: The wild-type allele containing 1958G, as well as the genotype GG, were significantly more common in the control group than in the orofacial cleft group. Conclusion: The MTHFD1 1958G>A polymorphism was significantly associated with orofacial cleft susceptibility in the tested Indonesian population.

The purpose of this research is to find out the difference of financial performance of the acquirer which is measured by using net profit margin, return on asset, return on equity, total assets turnover, debt to equity ratio, current ratio, dan earning per share before and after acquisition. The data used were secondary data obtained from websites the Indonesia Stock Exchange. With the population used is a company that performs the acquisition and is listed on the stock exchange Indonesia. The sample collection technique has been done by using purposive sampling, so 16 companies which has carried out the acquisition. The data analysis technique has been done by performing Paired Sample t-test. Based on the result of the analysis which has been carried out by using paired sample t-test that 5 financial ratios have significant difference i.e.: net profit margin, return on equity, return on assets, total assets turnover dan earning per share. that are 2 financial ratios which do not have any significant differences i.e. Debt to equity ratio, dan current ratio which means that there are no significant differences in these two ratios

INTRODUCTION: One of the most common health problems affecting the elderly population in the world is osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is defined as a bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass (density), due to inability of the body to control mineral content in bones and accompanied by damage to bone architecture. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and micro architecturally deteriorated bone tissue, along with increased both bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Genetic polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) gene is a risk factor for osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. TNF-a acts as a regulator of bone resorption. OBJECTIVES: This research aimed to screen for the TNF-a G-308A genetic polymorphism and differentiate its distribution in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred stored biological samples (50 samples from post-menopausal women with osteoporosis and 50 healthy control samples) were analyzed, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique with the Ncol restriction enzyme. Subsequently, they were assessed statistically using c2 test. RESULTS: The AG genotype was the most frequent genotype in both samples. Fisher's exact test revealed no significant association between the TNF-a G-308A polymorphism and post-menopausal osteoporosis (p = 0.117). CONCLUSIONS: The TNF-a G-308A genetic polymorphism was detected in post-menopausal Indonesian women. However, it was not associated with osteoporosis in these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]