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Copyright of REMIE - Multidisciplinary Journal of Educational Research is the property of Hipatia Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The human race has been confronting the issue of poverty which is threatening its continued existence for a long time. Poor access to finance can lead to poverty this breeds health issues, lack of access to social and recreational facilities, social delinquencies, reduced living standard, malnutrition and economic difficulties. The goal of defeating poverty in its various ramification remains a cardinal concern for policy formulators in the Nigerian state and international bodies such as the World Bank and United Nations. Following the thriving emergence of financial technology (fintech) in Nigeria, there exist a dearth in academic researches to examine how fintech can be a driver in the reduction of poverty. This study examined the impact of financial technology on poverty reduction in Nigeria. Data on poverty rate, financial technology, mortality rate, literacy rate and gross domestic products were obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in Nigeria and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin for the period of 1991 - 2021. This study employed the multiple linear regression estimation technique to analyse collected data as it examines a cross-section of major key independent variables across a time series data, on the premise of a common effect model. Data analysed indicates a negative and significant nexus between poverty rate and financial technology innovation. The result also suggest that literacy rate and poverty rate have a negative and insignificant relationship. The poverty rate was also found to be positively and insignificantly related to mortality rate and gross domestic products respectively. The study findings have several significant policy implications. Firstly, infrastructures that support internet and mobile telephony should be expanded by providing incentives for investment since technology is the backbone of the operations of fintech. Secondly, education on fintech, information communication technology and finance should be increased to fill the gap among citizens who are not technological inclined especially in the rural areas to increase the use of fintech. Lastly, there should be further regulatory interventions through reforms to remove the barriers to credit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the Washim district's socioeconomic growth to determine the criteria for district development. This study found that the Washim district comes under the rural area, where the child sex ratio is inferior. Even in some villages, it has zero value. In some regions where the Scheduled Caste (SC)/Scheduled Tribe (ST) population is more, the child sex ratio is less. Out of six sub-districts, four sub-districts have a low literacy rate (less than 75%). The mean literacy rate is found as 81.7%, and its standard deviation is evaluated as 7.0. In the region where the literacy rate is higher, people are less busy with farming, and hence the percentage of the cultivator is less and vice versa. In the region where SC and ST population is more, the percentage of Household Industry (HHI) worker is higher and vice versa. Out of 698 inhabited villages, 692 villages are electrified in the district, with 99.1% of towns having installed power supply. The use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)/piped natural gas (PNG) is minimal in the Washim district. In the region where firewood availability is accessible and adequate, the use of LPG/PNG is found to be less than its average value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Buddhist sangha played a crucial role in ancient China, exerting significant influence on its society through religious identity and cultural knowledge. However, not all members of the monastic community were literate. The Tang Dynasty introduced an examination system that assessed monks' proficiency in reciting Buddhist scriptures, determining their eligibility for ordination. Simultaneously, efforts to remove unqualified monks and nuns provided an opportunity to estimate the literacy rate within the monastic community. A statistical analysis of the literacy rate offers a novel perspective for understanding the evolution of Buddhism, the intricate relationship between religion and politics, and the role of the monastic community in local society during the Tang Dynasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the imminent programs the government instituted for this concern is the Alternative Learning System (ALS) which aims at providing opportunities for students who are not succeeding in the traditional classroom setting to obtain academic credit, career exploration activities, and extended teacher/peer support in an alternative setting where the ultimate goal is that obtaining a diploma. The study aimed to determine the reading levels of the respondents before and after the administration of a reading intervention program. The Reading program was conceptualized as an extended service to enhance the reading abilities of the ALS students. It employed the descriptive type of research to gather facts and information regarding the reading performance levels of the respondents. The respondents of the study consisted of 70 students from ALS Program of the DepEd ALS Program. The researchers utilized the Functional Literacy Test (FLT) a standardized reading assessment tool which was administered before the intervention and after the reading program. T-test was used in the treatment of the data. Based on the findings; generally, the respondents' age ranges from 15-23 with a minimal percentage of the ages 42-51. This shows that students tend to stop their education after attending basic education. The mean results of the pre-test which is 4.0294 are far behind the results of the post-test, which is 9.4411 mean, this indicates a highly significant difference is evident in the statistical treatment. A t-value of -29.583 resulted and a p-value of 0.000 was obtained from the data. This proves a high significance is displayed in the results and that the intervention program has proven its effectiveness in the reading performance of the ALS Students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the influence of literacy rate, women's involvement in parliament, fertility rates, and female life expectancy on the female labor participation rate in member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). The study employs panel data analysis methods for 20 OIC member countries spanning from 2019 to 2021, utilizing data from the World Bank. The data is processed using Eviews 12 software. Findings from the Fixed Effects Model (FEM) approach indicate that women's participation in parliament harms the female labor participation rate. However, literacy rate, fertility rate, and female life expectancy do not significantly affect the female labor participation rate. Based on the research outcomes, governments should evaluate the causes of the declining female workforce participation rate, engage in dialogue with various stakeholders, and formulate policies that support women's involvement without compromising their participation in the workforce. Additionally, strengthening family support policies, promoting gender equality in parliament, and enhancing women's financial literacy are essential measures.

Education is a powerful tool that improves socio-economic conditions and empowers individuals, especially women. However, women face gender disparities resulting in lower literacy rates compared to men. Besides understanding the educational status of women agricultural workers and their accessibility to schools and colleges, this study investigated the impact of education on their income levels, language proficiency in mother tongue and English and their preferences to spend more on their children education. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected and analysed from a random sample of 5,044 rural women agricultural workers across 98 revenue villages in the Union Territory of Puducherry. The findings revealed that half of the respondents completed education ranging from 6th to 10th class, where as one out of every four respondents were illiterates and a small percentage possessed higher qualifications of a degree and above. Most of the respondents had access school and six out of ten had access to college within 5 km range. The study established a positive correlation between education level and both individual and family income and a higher level of language proficiency in both the mother tongue and English. The educated rural women workers showed a preference for private schools to educate their children, indicating a growing inclination to spend more on education.

Much empirical literature has focused on investigating the role of government expenditure in promoting long-term economic growth in South Africa. However, few studies in comparison have considered the impact of government spending on literacy level in the country. To this end, this paper examines the impact of government spending on literacy rate in South Africa using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model with annual time series data over the period from 1994 to 2021. The key findings of this study are: (a) there is evidence of a long run relationship between government spending on education and the literacy rate in South Africa; (b) while the long run effect of government education spending on literacy is not significant, there is a statistically significant positive effect in the short run. These findings have several implications for policymakers and other stakeholders. Therefore, the study recommends that increased monitoring and evaluation mechanisms are desirable in the primary and secondary education sectors for accountability and reducing wastage of taxpayer funds. The Department of Education is also encouraged to re-consider current teacher training practices and fill long standing vacancies in the school sector that negatively impact education outcomes.

The aim of this research was to elaborate the opportunities and challenges of community learning centres in low income countries as Afghanistan and Mongolia. Community learning centres are the collaborated program of governments with local people to uplift the literacy rate, reduce poverty and attain sustainable growth in the communities. This study was a qualitative, document review research that was based on the official documents of governments of Afghanistan and Mongolia and the international agencies such as UNESCO and UNICEF. In this study, 10 documents were selected for the review, those were retrieved from February 01, 2023 to July 31, 2023. Document review as prescribed by the World Bank WBI Evaluations was followed and results were obtained by thematic analysis. Background, organization and program implementation, learning activities and facilities, challenges and impact were the major themes of the analysis that create insight from the hard-hitting countries of Afghanistan and Mongolia. It concludes the significant role of donor agencies supported with the policies of the countries to raise literacy rate and human capital in the harsh circumstances of these low-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of literacy rate and innovations on environmental pollution in China from 1990 to 2021. We applied the Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag method for the analysis, and our findings suggest that an increase in literacy rate leads to short- and long-term innovations. At the same time, literacy has a positive effect in 1st to 4th quantile in the long run. Furthermore, innovation has a positive effect on environmental pollution. However, in the short run, the literacy rate has negative implications for environmental pollution. These findings imply that education is essential to increase innovation in the economy. Besides, the literacy rate increases the standard of living, and thus, it is recommended that government should adopt environmental protection laws to reduce environmental pollution along with literacy increase. Additionally, China has achieved significant economic growth in the last few decades. To ensure sustainable economic growth government should introduce a carbon tax to minimize production externalities such as environmental pollution.

The role of education in economic growth levies a massive impact on the economic growth of developing countries. This study has investigated the outcome of the education system on economic growth in the context of Pakistan. This study has also considered the literacy rate, labour force, consumer price index and unemployment for analyzing their shade on the growth of our country. The gross domestic products of the country have shown dependency in our model. In the light of regression analysis, results are helpful for a literature review that illustrates that role of education positively affects the growth of a country and freedom of economy is a sophisticated way to check the prominence of the growth of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gender wage gap is described as phenomenon such that women with same capacity, productivity with male workers are paid or promoted less. The reasons for such discrimination are the cultural stereotypes, personal biases, and labor cost saving. Recent statistics shows that Azerbaijan is also among the countries which suffer from this phenomenon where it ranked 100th out of 156 countries in The Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). Yet, State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan has positive views in this topic, which claims that the economic growth in the country is followed by the increase in the part of women in country's labor force. In this regard, extensive empirical analysis developed to test these ideas where the difference between average wages of female and male workers regressed on GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita. Additionally, literacy ratio of males to females and Gini coefficient were used as control variables. The results confirmed the hypothesis by showing a negative relationship between the gender wage gap and economic development so, we believe that the results of the study will be useful for the implementation of correct government policies, which will be aimed at reducing the gender pay gap in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development can be seen in absolute as well as in relative terms. Measuring development in absolute terms is to see the actual level the economy and society have achieved while in relative terms it is seen in respect to some standard. The position of scheduled tribes of Madhya Pradesh, the state with largest number of STs in the country, is discouraging in absolute terms but is optimistic in relative terms as they are progressing well in literacy and gradually rising to higher level of education. Enrolment of ST children has comparatively been higher. They are picking up health care services by increasingly going to health facilities for deliveries and availing child vaccinations. Health achievements can be optimized by providing required health infrastructure which is lacking at present. Majority of the tribe workers are engaged in agricultural pursuits and are in better position in terms of land tenure. As field surveys suggest, they are stepping forward in adoption of yield raising technologies. Number of workers in non-agricultural occupations also present progressive picture. Proportion of population living below poverty line is reducing relatively at higher rate and their per capita monthly expenditure records highest growth during 2004-05 and 2011-12. Thus, higher rate of changes in socio-economic conditions, in comparison to other social groups, may raise their level of development and reduce the gap between them and the other social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes why tourism has failed to reduce income inequality worldwide, despite its success in some countries. While examining the connection between income inequality and tourism development, with an extensive data set of 110 countries for the past 25 years, this study finds that the strength of the relationship between the Gini index and other variables is not high. The low literacy rate and poor communication ability prevented the participation of the illiterate population in tourism activities that demanded higher levels of interaction with the tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the Dunhuang documents, when examining some of the monk signature lists, name list of monks copying scriptures and name list of monks chanting scriptures in monasteries, we can estimate a relatively accurate literacy rate of the Buddhist sangha. Generally speaking, the literacy rate of the sangha during the Guiyi Army 歸義軍 period (851–1036) was lower than that during the Tibetan occupation period (786–851). The reason for this change is closely related to each regime's Buddhist policy, the size and living situation of the sangha, and the Buddhist atmosphere. The decrease in the literacy rate of the sangha had great negative consequences, but when viewed under the context of the stay at home monks and the secularization of Buddhism, the number of literate monks had actually increased. They were more closely integrated with the secular society and their functions in the regional society were more pronounced. At the same time, the changes in the literacy rate of the monks in Dunhuang can also serve as an important reference for understanding the development of Buddhism in the Central China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deforestation has long been considered an alarming issue, while every developing country focuses on accelerating the GDP growth, while backlogging the environment quality. The literacy rate is a handy and effective tool that has a long-lasting impact on the economy; an efficient government body can launch a sustainable learning system which can develop and enrich the practice of a green economy. This paper aims to investigate the joint effect of good governance and literacy rate on sustainable forestland in developing countries. The researcher uses World Bank secondary open data, on which a multiple regression model is applied with the aim of analising the impact on forestland. Due to the use of secondary data, several missing values exist, where the author implies interpolation in R studio to imply regression Model. A sound and effective educational policy, coupled with government intervention can maintain a good balance among ecology, economy and socio-culture.

Socio-Economic Factors are very much important for labor supply participation in any country. Some of these factors positively affect and some negatively affect the labor force in Pakistan's economy. The data set covered the period from 1972-2020. Data is collected from Hand Book of Statistic, Pakistan Economic Survey and World Development Indicators. Total labor force is taken as a dependent variable and list of independent variables are Fertility rate, Government Current Expenditures, Total Taxes, Trade Openness, GDP Deflator, Gross Domestic Product, Literacy Rate and Life Expectancy. The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of Socio-Economic factors on total labor force in Pakistan. The novelty of this piece of research is to assess the ability and strength of labor force depending on social and economic variables that mainly affect labor supply in Pakistan. The ARDL model estimation technique is used to analyze the data. The study shows that socio-economic factors affect differently human capital formation and labor supply in case of Pakistan. The results of the study shows that life expectancy, literacy rate, gross domestic product, trade openness, government current expenditures and fertility rate are positively related with labor supply, on the other hand GDP deflator reflecting inflation in economy and total taxes are negatively related with labor supply in Pakistan. The long run and short run results of the study shows that socio-economic factors have a great impact on labor supply in Pakistan. The policy suggestions involve the role of Government to improve the social and economic condition of the economy which will be definitely helpful for betterment of labor supply in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the education of the Orenburg regions non-Russian adults from the end of the 19th century until the end of the 1930s. It begins with a brief review of the relevant historiography and the sources. It goes on to analyse the data of the First General Census of 1897, which sheds light on the scope of the task of schooling that remained to be done among the provinces non-Russian nationalities. Already before the Revolution of 1917, local authorities and private individuals were active in cultural and educational work among this population by opening libraries as well as arranging readings and evening classes. At the same time, Zemstvos also strove to train the necessary teachers. During the early Soviet era, educational work was politicized. All educational activities were carried out using emergency methods, since the new government urgently needed a literate population. Due to the exigencies of the Civil War and famine, the authorities had no funds to spare and transferred the tasks entire financial burden to public organizations and private individuals, although in the early 1920s, education in the province practically stopped. However, as the national economy recovered by the mid-1920s, schools reopened. The next important step in eradicating of illiteracy among the non-Russian population came around 1937. The author concludes that in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods, educating Orenburgs minorities faced major obstacles, namely the lack of funds, qualified personnel, as well as popular resistance.

Purpose: Education plays a vital role in improving the standard of living of the masses by providing them with better job opportunities and future earnings. This study has attempted to investigate the impact of the literacy rate on poverty in Pakistan. Methodology: This study is based on secondary data and has employed the Johansen Cointegration and VECM technique for empirical investigation. Headcount ratio is a dependent variable, employed as a proxy for poverty. In the present study, explanatory variables are literacy rate, trade openness, FDI and inflation rate. Findings: The empirical findings from the study show that literacy rate and trade openness show a negative relationship with poverty in Pakistan. However, inflation shows a positive relationship with poverty. Policy Implications: The study suggests that policymakers should initiate suitable measures to improve the education system in Pakistan. There is a dire need of increasing the enrolment rate at the primary level and special check on the drop-out ratio in public schools.

This study examined the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on labour productivity in Africa and its sub-regions while controlling for the moderating effect of literacy rate. The study used the system Generalised Method of Moment estimation technique and annual panel data from 2010 to 2020 for 53 African economies. Labour productivity and literacy rate were measured by the ratio of gross domestic product to total employment and gross secondary school enrolment respectively. The results indicate that HIV/AIDS retards labour productivity, and that literacy rate can ease this depressing effect of HIV/AIDS in Africa. The sub-regional differences in Africa obtained in this study revealed that the depressing effect of HIV/AIDS on labour productivity is highest in Southern Africa and lowest in Northern and Central Africa. Interestingly, the study also established that per capita health expenditure, per capita income, gross capital formation, and information and communications technology are important drivers of labour productivity in Africa. The study, therefore, concludes that there is need for governments and other stakeholders to help to increase school enrolment and improve the quality of the content of education curriculum in Africa to increase the awareness of HIV/AIDS, especially as it relates to its channels of transmission like unprofessional blood transfusion, unprotected sexual activity, and genital mutilation, among others., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aim. The paper examines the impact of education on the rate of suicides in India and takes a global outlook on how prevalent is suicide among countries with high education indicators. Methodology. The paper is based on secondary research with data collected from National Databases like NCRB and International databases of WHO and OECD. Data analysis has been performed in MS Excel using statistical techniques such as correlation. Results. The study reveals that in India, the increase in the education levels of people has had a negligible impact on the number of suicides in the country. Across states, the suicide rates and literacy rates have a positive correlation of .35; while correlation does not mean causation and the two are mildly correlated, it does establish the fact that education does not have a direct impact on the suicide rate. The analysis indicates that even though the education levels in the country have risen, subsequently, the educational level among people who committed suicide also increased. Also, it is found that the countries that are ranked higher on PISA ranking and tertiary education attainment have mostly higher rates of suicide. Conclusion. As shown throughout the study, education has not been an effective instrument in equipping people with survival skills. It is as if education is happening in vacuum with no impact on the people committing suicides. Thus, it is important that we question our educational practices, and re-align our goals of education so that they lead to the overall development of an individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural hazards like floods and droughts affect many aspects of life. The study in particular examined the impacts of droughts on under-five mortality rate in Southern Africa, adjusting for gross domestic product (GDP) and literacy rate. Despite drought and child mortality being key public health concerns in Southern Africa over the past few decades, there have hardly been any studies examining the relationships between them. The study used publicly available data from 1980 to 2012. The Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) was calculated for 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-monthly time scales for ten southern African countries. The wetter and drier states are represented by positive and negative SPI values, respectively. SPI, GDP, and literacy rate were considered for predicting child mortality rate using both Multiple Linear Regression techniques and nonlinear methods (Generalized Additive Model), on a leave-one-year-out cross validation approach for model evaluation. Child mortality increased as the drought worsened for five countries in this region, namely Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, and Zambia. We found that child mortality can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy using three predictor variables—drought index, GDP and literacy rate. Statistical modelling based on early warning system can complement regional capacities for drought response systems to increase child survival rate in drought-prone areas [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]