Search

Shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides in lithium sulfur batteries greatly influenced their commercialization. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a cheep and effective way to alleviate the shuttle effect. Fe is an active transition element which has good catalytic ability, in this work, a simple wet impregnation method was used to make Fe ions infiltrate into the pores of BP2000 (a kind of commercial conductive carbon), then it was calcined in N2 atmosphere to get a Fe2O3/BP2000 composite and used as a separator modification layer. The Fe2O3 nano particles were decorated in the pores of BP2000 which greatly enhanced the absorption ability on lithium polysulfides, additionally it also showed excellent catalytic effect on lithium polysulfides, thus the Fe2O3/BP2000 layer can be served as a secondary collector to re-engage the polysulfides in the cathode reaction. In this way, the lithium sulfur batteries equipped with the Fe2O3/BP2000 modified separator showed impressive electrochemical performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are a promising option for energy storage due to their theoretical high energy density and the use of abundant, low-cost sulfur cathodes. Nevertheless, several obstacles remain, including the dissolution of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) into the electrolyte and a restricted operational temperature range. This manuscript presents a promising approach to addressing these challenges. The manuscript describes a straightforward and scalable in situ thermal polymerization method for synthesizing a quasi-solid-state electrolyte (QSE) by gelling pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETEA), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), and a dual salt lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and lithium nitrate (LiNO3)-based liquid electrolyte. The resulting freestanding quasi-solid-state electrolyte (QSE) effectively inhibits the polysulfide shuttle effect across a wider temperature range of −25 °C to 45 °C. The electrolyte's ability to prevent LiPS migration and cluster formation has been corroborated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy analyses. The optimized QSE composition appears to act as a physical barrier, thereby significantly improving battery performance. Notably, the capacity retention has been demonstrated to reach 95% after 100 cycles at a 2C rate. Furthermore, the simple and scalable synthesis process paves the way for the potential commercialization of this technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical application of lithium‐sulfur batteries with high theoretical energy density and readily available cathode active materials is hampered by problems such as sulfur insulation, dramatic volume changes, and polysulfide shuttling. The targeted development of novel binders is the most industrialized solution to the problem of sulfur cathodes. Herein, an aqueous conductive emulsion binder with the sulfonate‐containing hard elastic copolymer core and the conjugate polymer shell, which is capable of forming a bicontinuous mesoscopic interpenetrating polymer network, is synthesized and investigated. Not only can the elastic skeleton formed by the copolymer bind the active substance under drastic volume changes, but also the rich ester and cyanide groups in it can effectively capture lithium polysulfide. Meanwhile, the conducting skeleton consisting of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) both provides the additional charge conduction pathways and acts as the redox intermediates, significantly accelerating the kinetic process of lithium polysulfide conversion. Based on the synergistic effect of the above mechanisms, the use of the prepared binder on the sulfur carbon cathode significantly improves the rate performance and cycle stability of lithium sulfur batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium sulfur battery is a novel kind of secondary battery which has high energy density, however its application is greatly affected by the shuttle effect of polysulfides generated in the redox reaction of cathode electrode. Metal active sites are supposed as effective catalysts which can absorb and accelerate the conversion efficiency of lithium polysulfides, thus the shuttle effect will be alleviated. In this work, we conducted a simple way to prepare a metal Fe doped ketjen black to serve as the sulfur host of lithium sulfur battery. Ketjen black has a large specific surface area and rich porous structure, while Fe nanodot is an excellent catalyst for lithium polysulfides. Because of these advantages, the Fe/KB host can effectively confine a large amount of active material and accelerate its, therefore the Fe/KB−S cathode electrode show an excellent electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "shuttle effect" and sluggish conversion reaction kinetics of polysulfides seriously hinder the practical application of Li−S batteries. In this study, nano‐sized LaMnO3 (N‐LMO) with typical perovskite structure combined with highly‐conductive carbon black (SP) was introduced on the commercial separator to fabricate a functional surface modification. It is found that the polar N‐LMO with abundant active sites offers strong chemisorption towards the soluble polysulfides meanwhile accelerates their redox conversion, and the conductive SP contributes to extra spots to reactivate the trapped sulfur species. Consequently, the synergistic effect of adsorption‐catalysis‐conduction built by the cooperative N‐LMO/SP modification greatly enhances the sulfur redox kinetics as well as suppresses the polysulfide shuttling not at the expense of weakening Li‐ion transport, which endows the Li−S cell with a high initial discharge capacity of 1143.6 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and a capacity decay rate of only 0.072 % per cycle at 1 C over 500 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a facile hydrometallurgical approach combined with heat treatment has been adopted to recycle spent graphite from retired lithium‐ion battery cells. Graphite regenerated with 18 M H2SO4 leaching leads to a high specific surface area, significant porosity and small crystallite size. The regenerated graphite has been infiltrated with sulfur under solvothermal conditions at 160 °C. The sample containing 68 wt % of sulfur recovers a capacity of 224 mAh/g after 100 cycles. Furthermore, the electrode with a higher sulfur content of 84 wt %, recuperates the specific discharging capacity of 207 mAh/g after 100 cycles. After the initial fading during the first 5–10 cycles, the cathodes based on regenerated graphite demonstrate stable cycling behavior. This research not only offers an accessible and scalable method for regenerating graphite from spent LIBs but also demonstrates a new application of the regenerated graphite in LSBs, showcasing outstanding electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The advancement of the lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is immensely impeded by two main challenges: polysulfide shuttling between the electrodes and Li dendrite formation associated with the Li-metal anode. To tackle these challenges, we synthesized a polydopamine coated bacterial cellulose (PDA@BC) separator in a way to create physical and chemical traps for the shuttling polysulfides and to control the Li+ flux. While nanocellulose offers its dense network as a physical trap, the presence of polydopamine in the separator offers polar functional groups which not only has a high binding energy towards the polysulfides but also helps in redistribution of the Li+ ions across it. The electrochemical and physiochemical results suggest that the synthesized separator can have practical applicability owing to its superior performance compared to a commercial separator. The Li-S batteries assembled with this separator showed a specific discharge capacity of 1449 mAh/g at 0.1C and 877 mAh/g at 1C, and a capacity fade of 0.03 % per cycle over 650 cycles at 1C. Using a PDA@BC separator, a practical Li-S battery cell with S loading of 7.5 mg cm−2 (and E/S ratio of 10 µLmg−1, 82 % S ratio) was also tested at 1C, which delivered a capacity of ∼ 6 mAh cm−2 for 500 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent rechargeable battery industry, lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs) have demonstrated to be a promising candidate battery to serve as the next-generation secondary battery, owing to its enhanced theoretical specific energy, economy, and environmental friendliness. Its inferior cyclability, however, which is primarily due to electrode deterioration caused by the lithium polysulfide shuttle effect, is still a major problem for the real industrial usage of LSBs. The optimization of the separator and functional barrier layer is an effective strategy for remedying these issues. In this article, the current progress based on the classification and modification of functional separators is summarized. We will also describe their working mechanisms as well as the resulting LSB electrochemical properties. In addition, necessary performance for separators will also be mentioned in order to gain optimized LSB performance.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are a promising option for energy storage due to their theoretical high energy density and the use of abundant, low-cost sulfur cathodes. Nevertheless, several obstacles remain, including the dissolution of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) into the electrolyte and a restricted operational temperature range. This manuscript presents a promising approach to addressing these challenges. The manuscript describes a straightforward and scalable in situ thermal polymerization method for synthesizing a quasi-solid-state electrolyte (QSE) by gelling pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETEA), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), and a dual salt lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and lithium nitrate (LiNO3)-based liquid electrolyte. The resulting freestanding quasi-solid-state electrolyte (QSE) effectively inhibits the polysulfide shuttle effect across a wider temperature range of −25 °C to 45 °C. The electrolyte’s ability to prevent LiPS migration and cluster formation has been corroborated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy analyses. The optimized QSE composition appears to act as a physical barrier, thereby significantly improving battery performance. Notably, the capacity retention has been demonstrated to reach 95% after 100 cycles at a 2C rate. Furthermore, the simple and scalable synthesis process paves the way for the potential commercialization of this technology.

The research on lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) addresses the challenges of sulfur's insulating properties and the 'shuttle effect' of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) hindering their commercialization. The introduction of a phosphorous-modified mesoporous Titanium Nitride (TiN) interlayer for the S@MWCNTs cathode demonstrates significant advancements in enhancing conductivity and enabling greater sulfur loading. This modification minimizes the LiPS's 'shuttle effect' through robust chemical bonds with phosphorous loading, leading to superior electrochemical performance. Electrochemical analyses reveal that the phosphorous-modified TiN offers a greater number of active sites for catalyzing redox reactions of the sulfur cathode. The phosphorous-modified mesoporous titanium nitride (P-TiN) interlayer exhibits impressive electrochemical performance, delivering a capacity of 358 mAh g−1 after 320 cycles at 0.1 C and demonstrating high-rate performance of 380 mAh g−1 at 1 C.

In this study, we utilized egg white as a carbon source and sublimated sulfur as a source to synthesize the carrier material with carbon nanosheet framework-modified CoS2 nanoparticles (CoS2@C) through a one-step method. We investigated the effect of temperature on the material's structure and chemical composition and the impact of the carrier material on the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. The results reveal that CoS2@C-600 synthesized at 600 °C exhibits an exceptional three-dimensional carbon nanosheet structure with well-defined crystallinity for CoS2. The three-dimensional carbon sheet framework possesses abundant porous structures and high conductivity, providing ample space for sulfur accommodation and physically inhibiting the dissolution of polysulfides. Additionally, electrochemical tests demonstrate that the material exhibits remarkable rate capability and cycling performance. At a current density of 0.5 A/g, the initial discharge-specific capacity reaches 1407 mAh/g, and after 100 cycles, the specific capacity remains at 824 mAh/g. Even under high current conditions of 5 A/g, the specific capacity is maintained at 256 mAh/g. The carrier material, possessing a well-designed structure and an efficient lithium polysulfide electrocatalyst, effectively improves the cycling stability and enhances the rate performance of lithium-sulfur batteries.

This study has investigated the effect of 2-dimensional (2D) beta borophene as a cathode additive for all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries. The comparisons have been carried out regarding the impact on ionic conductivity based on borophene content. Although the studies of borophene's contributions in the literature on the anode component, this study focuses on the cathode contribution for the first time. While MoS2 has been selected as the cathode active material, carbon black has been selected as the electrical conductor, and Li7P3S11 solid electrolyte has been synthesized as an ionic conductor in all-solid-state lithium-sulfur cells. Borophene has been synthesized from boron powder by the exfoliation method. As a cathodeactive material, MoS2, containing sulfur, and its 2D material nature, eliminates many of the disadvantages that sulfur exhibits when used alone. To investigate the effect of borophene on ionic conductivity in all-solid-state lithium-sulfur cells, multicomponent composite cathodes were prepared in (MoS2 / Conductive Carbon / Li7P3S11 + Borophene) overall compositions. According to the results, the specific capacity of the cells is affected negatively, while the stability of the cell is affected positively when increased the borophene amount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advances in New & Renewable Energy is the property of Editorial Office of Advances in New & Renewable Energy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the recent rechargeable battery industry, lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs) have demonstrated to be a promising candidate battery to serve as the next-generation secondary battery, owing to its enhanced theoretical specific energy, economy, and environmental friendliness. Its inferior cyclability, however, which is primarily due to electrode deterioration caused by the lithium polysulfide shuttle effect, is still a major problem for the real industrial usage of LSBs. The optimization of the separator and functional barrier layer is an effective strategy for remedying these issues. In this article, the current progress based on the classification and modification of functional separators is summarized. We will also describe their working mechanisms as well as the resulting LSB electrochemical properties. In addition, necessary performance for separators will also be mentioned in order to gain optimized LSB performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High interconversion energy barriers, depressive reaction kinetics of sulfur species, and sluggish Li+ transport inhibit the wide development of high‐energy‐density lithium sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Herein, differing from random mixture of selected catalysts, the composite catalyst with outer delocalized isoelectronic heterostructure (DIHC) is proposed and optimized, enhancing the catalytic efficiency for decreasing related energy barriers. As a proof‐of‐content, the FeCoOxSy composites with different degrees of sulfurization are fabricated by regulating atoms ratio between O and S. The relationship of catalytic efficiency and principal mechanism in DIHCs are deeply understood from electrochemical experiments to in situ/operando spectral spectroscopies i.e., Raman, XRD and UV/Vis. Consequently, the polysulfide conversion and Li2S precipitation/dissolution experiments strongly demonstrate the volcano‐like catalytic efficiency of various DIHCs. Furthermore, the FeCoOxSy‐decorated cell delivers the high performance (1413 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1). Under the low electrolyte/sulfur ratio, the high loading cell stabilizes the areal capacity of 6.67 mAh cm−2 at 0.2 A g−1. Impressively, even resting for about 17 days for possible polysulfide shuttling, the high‐mass‐loading FeCoOxSy‐decorated cell stabilizes the same capacity, showing the practical application of the DIHCs in improving catalytic efficiency and reaching high electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well-designed carbon nanosphere functionalized with bimetallic Fe–Co phosphides (Fe–Co–P@C) was prepared, which modifies the separator to inhibit the diffusion of polysulfide by the physical restriction and chemical absorption and reduces the shuttle effect. Meanwhile, this elaborated separator with large surface area and porosity can not only provide sufficient active sites for the conversion of polysulfide, but also enhance polarity and electron conductivity which is conducive to accelerate Li+ ion/e– diffusion. As a result, the assembled lithium sulfur battery with the Fe–Co–P@C membrane displays a remarkable discharge capacity of 1031 mAh/g at 0.2 C and an excellent cycling stability (45% retention rate after 250 cycles at 1 C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The search for a high-energy-density alternative to lithium-ion batteries has led to great interest in the lithium sulfur battery (LSB). However, poor cycle lifetimes and coulombic efficiencies (CEs) due to detrimental lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttling has hindered its widespread adoption. To address this challenge, a modified sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) polymer with integrated dopamine moieties and polydopamine nanoparticles was created through a facile one-pot dopamine (DOP) amidation reaction to strengthen noncovalent interactions with LiPSs and mitigate the shuttling effect. The resulting CMC-DOP binder improved electrode wettability, adhesion, and electrochemical performance. Compared to LSBs with a standard CMC binder, CMC-DOP 5:1 (with a 5:1 weight ratio of CMC to dopamine precursor) improves the specific capacity at cycle 100 by 38% to 552 mAh g−1 and CE from 96.8 to 98.9%. LSBs show good stability, even after 500 cycles. Post-mortem electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) studies confirmed the effectiveness of the CMC-DOP in confining LiPS in the cathode. This simple but effective nature-inspired strategy promises to enhance the viability of LSBs without using harmful chemicals or adding excess bulk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are a promising candidate technology for high‐energy rechargeable batteries due to their advantages of abundant materials and inherently high energy. However, the practical applications of Li‐S batteries are challenged by several obstacles, including the low sulfur utilization and poor lifespan, which are partly attributed to the shuttle of lithium polysulfides and lithium dendrite growth during cycling.[1] The shuttling of polysulfide ions between the electrodes in a Li‐S battery is a major technical issue triggering the self‐discharge and limiting the cycle life.[2] A stable lithium anode is essential for maintaining the good cycle stability of Li‐S batteries in practical applications.[3] To address these lithium related issues, various carbon materials, including graphite and graphene, have been investigated as suitable lithium hosts to use as anode materials for Li‐S batteries.[4] In this study, prelithiated graphite and graphene‐based anode materials are obtained by galvanostatic charging method to improve the performance of Li‐S batteries and compare the electrochemical properties especially in terms of capacity retention and rate capability. According to the results, graphene showed better performance due to its high lithium storage capacity and fast lithium‐ion diffusion rate. Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer (ICP‐OES) results showed that the Li+ content of the graphite, graphite/graphene, and graphene electrodes measured as 26.5, 33.2, and 45.6 wt%, respectively after the lithiation process. 1 Ah pouch cell was assembled with prelithiated graphene anode showing an energy density of about 400 Wh kg−1 in the first cycle and protected its specific capacity of 60 % after 100 cycles in a liquid‐based Li‐S battery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lithium-sulfur battery has garnered significant attention from both researchers and industry due to its exceptional energy density and capacity. However, the conventional liquid electrolyte poses safety concerns due to its low boiling point, hence, research on liquid electrolytes has gradually shifted towards solid electrolytes. The polymer electrolyte exhibits significant potential for packaging flexible batteries with high energy density owing to its exceptional flexibility and processability, but it also has inherent disadvantages such as poor ionic conductivity, high crystallinity, and lack of active groups. This article critically examines recent literature to explore two types of polymer electrolytes, namely gel polymer electrolyte and solid polymer electrolyte. It analyzes the impact of polymers on the formation of lithium dendrites, addresses the challenges posed by multiple interfaces, and investigates the underlying causes of capacity decay in polymer solid-state batteries. Clarifying the current progress and summarizing the specific challenges encountered by polymer-based electrolytes will significantly contribute to the development of polymer-based lithium-sulfur battery. Finally, the challenges and prospects of certain polymer solid electrolytes in lithium-sulfur battery are examined, thereby facilitating the commercialization of solid polymer electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using inorganic fibrous membranes as protective layers has yielded success in suppressing dendrite growth. However, conventional fibrous membranes usually have large voids and low affinity for Li, promoting inhomogeneous charge distribution and allowing some dendrites to grow. Herein, we introduce a highly aligned TiO2/SiO2 (A-TS) electrospun nanofiber membrane as a protective layer for the Li metal anode. The A-TS membrane is fabricated by a custom-made electrospinning system with an automatic fiber alignment collector that allows control of the fibers’ orientation. At the scale of the individual fibers, their high binding energies with Li can attract more “dead” Li by reacting with the SiO2 component of the composite, avoiding uncontrollable deposition on the metal anode. At the membrane scale, these highly ordered structures achieve homogeneous contact and charge distribution on the Li metal surface, leaving no vulnerable areas to nucleate dendrite formation. Additionally, the excellent mechanical and thermal stability properties of the A-TS membrane prevent any potential puncturing by dendrites or thermal runaway in a battery. Hence, an A-TS@Li anode exhibits stable cycling performance when used in both Li–S and Li–NCM811 batteries, highlighting significant reference values for the future design and development of high-energy-density metal-based battery systems.

Lithium sulfur batteries are suitable for drones due to their high gravimetric energy density (2600 Wh/kg of sulfur). However, on the cathode side, high specific capacity with high sulfur loading (high areal capacity) is challenging due to the poor conductivity of sulfur. Shuttling of Li-sulfide species between the sulfur cathode and lithium anode also limits specific capacity. Sulfur-carbon composite active materials with encapsulated sulfur address both issues but require expensive processing and have low sulfur content with limited areal capacity. Proper encapsulation of sulfur in carbonaceous structures along with active additives in solution may largely mitigate shuttling, resulting in cells with improved energy density at relatively low cost. Here, composite current collectors, selected binders, and carbonaceous matrices impregnated with an active mass were used to award stable sulfur cathodes with high areal specific capacity. All three components are necessary to reach a high sulfur loading of 3.8 mg/cm2 with a specific/areal capacity of 805 mAh/g/2.2 mAh/cm2. Good adhesion between the carbon-coated Al foil current collectors and the composite sulfur impregnated carbon matrices is mandatory for stable electrodes. Swelling of the binders influenced cycling retention as electroconductivity dominated the cycling performance of the Li-S cells comprising cathodes with high sulfur loading. Composite electrodes based on carbonaceous matrices in which sulfur is impregnated at high specific loading and non-swelling binders that maintain the integrated structure of the composite electrodes are important for strong performance. This basic design can be mass produced and optimized to yield practical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium sulfur batteries are regarded as promising secondary energy storage devices for fulfilling the demand of higher-energy–density energy storage system. However, their application is still hindered by some severe problems, some of which come from the cathode part. To design a high-performance cathode material, many strategies have been proposed, such as structure construction of host materials, heteroatoms doping and introduction of materials with electrocatalysis on the conversion of polysulfides. To combine the merits of various materials, herein, defected MoS2 with electrocatalysis integrated with N-S-codoped carbon (NSdC) nanosheets is developed as multifunctional host material for constructing high-performance sulfur cathode. Owing to the great adsorption ability to polysulfides and electrocatalysis effect of defected MoS2 nano flakes and the NSdC, the optimized sulfur cathode with high sulfur loading of ~ 7 mg cm−2 shows good electrochemical performance at the current density of 0.2 C and enhanced rate capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polyisoprene-sulfur (PIPS) copolymer and nano sulfur composite material (90 wt % sulfur) is synthesized through inverse vulcanization of PIP polymer with micrometer-sized sulfur particles for high-areal-capacity lithium sulfur batteries. The polycrystalline structure and nanodomain nature of the copolymer are revealed through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). PIP polymer is also used as binders for the electrode to further capture the dissovlved polysulfides. A high areal capacity of ca. 7.0 mAh/cm2 and stable cycling are achieved based on the PIPS nanosulfur composite with a PIP binder, crucial to commercialization of lithium sulfur batteries. The chemical confinement both at material and electrode level alleviates the diffusion of polysulfides and the shuttle effect. The sulfur electrodes, both fresh and cycled, are analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This approach enables scalable material production and high sulfur utilization at the cell level.

Lithium-sulfur battery is a kind of energy storage system with high specific capacity, low production cost and environmental friendliness. It has great development potential and application prospect in portable electronic device energy storage. However, lithium-sulfur batteries still face the problems of low Coulomb efficiency and short lifespan in practical applications. This is mainly attributed to polysulfide shuttle effect, low electrical conductivity of S8 and Li2S and uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth. The inhibition of lithium dendrite growth and the inhibition of the reaction between soluble polysulfide and lithium can not only enhance the safety and electrochemical performance of lithium sulfur batteries, but also play an important role in high-capacity lithium sulfur batteries. In this paper, the development of lithium-sulfur battery is reviewed, and the progress of high-sulfur loaded lithium battery is introduced emphatically. By analyzing the mechanism, we can understand the operation mechanism of lithium sulfur battery and develop improvement methods, including the use of graded porous carbon for cathode and element doping to increase the sulfur loading rate of active substance and reduce the shuttle effect of polysulfide. The development of liquid and solid electrolyte systems and strategies to enhance anode stability are also introduced. In addition, we believe that in-depth understanding of the mechanism of lithium-sulfur batteries can strengthen the cognition of lithium-sulfur batteries and guide the future development of high-sulfur loaded lithium-sulfur batteries. At the same time, improving synergies between components can further advance lithium-sulfur battery technology from button batteries and flexible pack batteries to subsequent commercial scale applications.

The polysulfide (PS) dissolution and low conductivity of lithium sulfides (Li2S) are generally considered the main reasons for limiting the reversible capacity of the lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) system. However, as the inevitable intermediate between PSs and Li2S, lithium disulfide (Li2S2) evolutions are always overlooked. Herein, Li2S2 evolutions are monitored from the operando measurements on the pouch cell level. Results indicate that Li2S2 undergoes slow electrochemical reduction and chemical disproportionation simultaneously during the discharging process, leading to further PS dissolution and Li2S generation without capacity contribution. Compared with the fully oxidized Li2S, Li2S2 still residues at the end of the charging state. Therefore, instead of the considered Li2S and PSs, slow electrochemical conversions and side chemical reactions of Li2S2 are the determining factors in limiting the sulfur utilization, corresponding to the poor reversible capacity of Li‐S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Metal phthalocyanine have been regarded as an effective additive to restrain the LiPS diffusion process in sulfur cathode to achieve high-performance Li-S battery. Herein, molecular engineering has been used to boost the LiPS adsorption and catalysis abilities of metal phthalocyanine distinctly through a simple sulfonic group grafting strategy. The derived CNT/s-CoPc/S cathode could deliver the initial discharge capacity of 679.8 mAh/g at 1.0 C and no obvious capacity fading even after 500 cycles. The satisfactory electrochemical performance indicates the promising application of CNT/s-CoPc composite as an efficient sulfur carrier. The research presents a successful modification method for the improvement of metal phthalocyanine based additive, contributing to their advancements in Li-S battery furtherly. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-sulfur batteries have received widespread attention because of their good development prospects. Nevertheless, many problems such as the shuttle effect and poor conductivity seriously affect the development of lithium-sulfur batteries. In order to solve these obstacles, we use Nd-MOF/KB and Nd-MOF/CNT precursor to achieve Nd 2 O 3 -C/KB and Nd 2 O 3 -C/CNT composites via high-temperature carbonization, which are applied as separator coating layer. The high-temperature calcined Nd 2 O 3 -C/KB and Nd 2 O 3 -C/CNT have rich microporous and mesoporous structures which are proved to be good polysulfide absorbers. What's more, the Nd 2 O 3 -C nanoparticles embedded in KB and CNT can accelerate the catalytic conversion of polysulfides rapidly, which in turn improves the electrochemical performance of the battery. Based on the above advantages, Nd 2 O 3 -C/KB and Nd 2 O 3 -C/CNT separator batteries show reliable electrochemical performances. Additionally, the Nd 2 O 3 -C/KB separator batteries have better cycle and rate performances because of the higher conductivity and porosity of KB. [Display omitted] • Nd-MOF/KB and Nd-MOF/CNT are calcined in a nitrogen environment at 800 °C to prepare Nd 2 O 3 /KB and Nd 2 O 3 /CNT composites. • Nd 2 O 3 /KB and Nd 2 O 3 /CNT composites are used as separator modification layers for lithium-sulfur batteries. • Conductive KB and CNT can act as physical barrier, while Nd 2 O 3 can enhance the chemisorption and catalysis of polysulfides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving high loading of active sulfur yet rational regulating the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide (LiPS) is of great significance in pursuit of high-performance lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery. Herein, we develop a free-standing graphene-nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and fluorine (F) co-doped mesoporous carbon-sulfur (G-NPFMC-S) film, which was used as a binder-free cathode in Li-S battery. The developed mesoporous carbon (MC) achieved a high specific surface area of 921 m2·g–1 with a uniform pore size distribution of 15 nm. The inserted graphene network inside G-NPFMC-S cathode can effectively improve its electrical conductivity and simultaneously restrict the shuttle of LiPS. A high sulfur loading of 86% was achieved due to the excellent porous structures of graphene-NPFMC (G-NPFMC) composite. When implemented as a freestanding cathode in Li-S battery, this G-NPFMC-S achieved a high specific capacity (1,356 mAh·g–1), favorable rate capability, and long-term cycling stability up to 500 cycles with a minimum capacity fading rate of 0.025% per cycle, outperforming the corresponding performances of NPFMC-sulfur (NPFMC-S) and MC-sulfur (MC-S). These promising results can be ascribed to the featured structures that formed inside G-NPFMC-S film, as that highly porous NPFMC can provide sufficient storage space for the loading of sulfur, while, the N, P, F-doped carbonic interface and the inserted graphene network help hinder the shuttle of LiPS via chemical adsorption and physical barrier effect. This proposed unique structure can provide a bright prospect in that high mass loading of active sulfur and restriction the shuttle of LiPS can be simultaneously achieved for Li-S battery.

[Display omitted] Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with high theoretical capacity and abundant sulfur resources are potential energy storage systems. Nevertheless, there are several roadblocks that strongly limit the commercial application of Li-S batteries, including the insulating nature of sulfur and Li 2 S, large volume change and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides. Herein, a three-dimensional carbon foam (CF) decorated with SnO 2 (SnO 2 /CF) is fabricated by the simple electrodeposition and used as a sulfur host to resolve the bottleneck issues in Li-S batteries. Thanks to the synergetic effect of the polar SnO 2 and conductive carbon framework, the SnO 2 /CF framework is endowed with multifunctionalities such as providing three-dimensional conductive framework, inhibiting the migration of polysulfides and improved reaction kinetics. Consequently, durable cycle performance with a capacity of 458.2 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 C is achieved. Furthermore, a high capacity of 749.5 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 5 C is attained. Remarkably, under high sulfur loading of 8.84 mg cm−2, the S@SnO 2 /CF cathode can still deliver a high specific capacity of 389.8 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 0.5 C. This work demonstrates a novel strategy to improve the performance of Li-S batteries for energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have successfully prepared porous carbon from water hyacinth plants using several steps, i.e., carbonization, activation, and calcination processes. Water hyacinth porous carbon is an alternative as a carbon material due to the ease and low cost of the manufacturing process, abundant raw materials in nature, and its contribution to solving environmental problems. Utilization of water hyacinth weed plants as raw materials for porous carbon will provide added value to water hyacinth. In this research, porous carbon is used as the host material of sulfur in the electrodes of lithium sulfur batteries. The N2 adsorption desorption characterization showed a porous carbon surface area of around 642 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.713 cm3/g. The sulfur content of the composite electrode of C/S 1:2.5 (%w/w) was 60.6%. The four-line probe (FLP) testing showed electrical conductivity of porous carbon of around 3.93 × 10−2 S/cm and the electrical conductivity of the composite electrode was around 5.4 × 10−4 S/cm. Furthermore, the composite electrodes were applied as cathodes of lithium sulfur batteries, which have thicknesses around 200 µm and sulfur loading of 3.57 mg/cm2. The highest discharge capacity of the battery was 312 mAh/g and the Coulombic efficiency was around 70%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High energy density lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are a potential replacement for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, practical lifetimes are inhibited by lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttling. Concurrently, plastic waste accumulation worldwide threatens our ecosystems. Herein, a fast and facile strategy to upcycle polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste into useful materials is investigated. Dilithium terephthalate (Li2TP) and dipotassium terephthalate (K2TP) salts were synthesized from waste soda bottles via microwave depolymerization and solution coated onto glass fiber paper (GFP) separators. Salt-functionalized separators with Li2TP@GFP and K2TP@GFP mitigated LiPS shuttling and improved electrochemical performance in cells. Pore analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate the action mechanism is synergistic physical blocking of bulky LiPS anions in nanopores and diffusion inhibition via electrostatic interactions with abundant carboxylate groups. LSBs with K2TP@GFP separator showing highest LiPS affinity and smallest pore size demonstrated enhanced initial capacity as compared to non-modified GFP by 5.4% to 648 mAh g−1, and increased cycle 100 capacity by 23% to 551 mAh g−1. Overall, K2TP@GFP retained 85% of initial capacity after 100 cycles with an average capacity fading of 0.15% per cycle. By comparison, GFP retained only 73% of initial capacity after 100 cycles with 0.27% average capacity loss, demonstrating effective LiPS retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The slow reaction kinetics and severe shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide make Li-S battery electrochemical performance difficult to meet the demands of large electronic devices such as electric vehicles. Based on this, an electrocatalyst constructed by metal phase material (MoS 2 ) and semiconductor phase material (SnS 2 ) with ohmic contact is designed for inhibiting the dissolution of lithium polysulfide with improving the reaction kinetics. According to the density-functional theory calculations, it is found that the heterostructured samples with ohmic contacts can effectively reduce the reaction-free energy of lithium polysulfide to accelerate the sulfur redox reaction, in addition to the excellent electron conduction to reduce the overall activation energy. The metallic sulfide can add more sulfophilic sites to promote the capture of polysulfide. Thanks to the ohmic contact design, the carbon nanotube-MoS 2 -SnS 2 achieved a specific capacity of 1437.2 mAh g -1 at 0.1 C current density and 805.5 mAh g -1 after 500 cycles at 1 C current density and is also tested as a pouch cell, which proves to be valuable for practical applications. This work provides a new idea for designing an advanced and efficient polysulfide catalyst based on ohmic contact., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The search for a high-energy-density alternative to lithium-ion batteries has led to great interest in the lithium sulfur battery (LSB). However, poor cycle lifetimes and coulombic efficiencies (CEs) due to detrimental lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttling has hindered its widespread adoption. To address this challenge, a modified sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) polymer with integrated dopamine moieties and polydopamine nanoparticles was created through a facile one-pot dopamine (DOP) amidation reaction to strengthen noncovalent interactions with LiPSs and mitigate the shuttling effect. The resulting CMC-DOP binder improved electrode wettability, adhesion, and electrochemical performance. Compared to LSBs with a standard CMC binder, CMC-DOP 5:1 (with a 5:1 weight ratio of CMC to dopamine precursor) improves the specific capacity at cycle 100 by 38% to 552 mAh g−1 and CE from 96.8 to 98.9%. LSBs show good stability, even after 500 cycles. Post-mortem electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) studies confirmed the effectiveness of the CMC-DOP in confining LiPS in the cathode. This simple but effective nature-inspired strategy promises to enhance the viability of LSBs without using harmful chemicals or adding excess bulk.

The lithium-sulfur battery has garnered significant attention from both researchers and industry due to its exceptional energy density and capacity. However, the conventional liquid electrolyte poses safety concerns due to its low boiling point, hence, research on liquid electrolytes has gradually shifted towards solid electrolytes. The polymer electrolyte exhibits significant potential for packaging flexible batteries with high energy density owing to its exceptional flexibility and processability, but it also has inherent disadvantages such as poor ionic conductivity, high crystallinity, and lack of active groups. This article critically examines recent literature to explore two types of polymer electrolytes, namely gel polymer electrolyte and solid polymer electrolyte. It analyzes the impact of polymers on the formation of lithium dendrites, addresses the challenges posed by multiple interfaces, and investigates the underlying causes of capacity decay in polymer solid-state batteries. Clarifying the current progress and summarizing the specific challenges encountered by polymer-based electrolytes will significantly contribute to the development of polymer-based lithium-sulfur battery. Finally, the challenges and prospects of certain polymer solid electrolytes in lithium-sulfur battery are examined, thereby facilitating the commercialization of solid polymer electrolytes.

To mitigate lithium dissolution and polysulfide shuttle effect phenomena in high-energy lithium sulfur batteries (LISBs), a conductive, flexible, and easily modified polymer composite layer was applied on the anode. The polymer composite layer included polyaniline and functionalized graphite. The electrochemical behavior of LISBs was studied by galvanostatic charge/discharge tests from 1.7 to 2.8 V up to 90 cycles and via COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. No apparent overcharge occurred during the charge state, which suggests that the shuttle effect of polysulfides was effectively prevented. The COMSOL Multiphysics simulation provided a venue for optimal prediction of the ideal concentration and properties of the polymer composite layer to be used in the LISBs. The testing and simulation results determined that the polymer composite layer diminished the amount of lithium polysulfide species and decreased the amount of dissolved lithium ions in the LISBs. In addition, the charge/discharge rate of up to 2.0 C with a cycle life of 90 cycles was achieved. The knowledge acquired in this study was important not only for the design of efficient new electrode materials, but also for understanding the effect of the polymer composite layer on the electrochemical cycle stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the lithium polysulfides' shuttle effect, elemental sulfur's poor conductivity, and large volume changes in the lithium sulfur battery (LSB), the petal MoS2 (high adsorption to lithium polysulfides) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO, excellent conductivity, and structural stability) were introduced in the LSB. MoS2@rGO was prepared by growing MoS2 in situ on the surface of graphene oxide (GO). MoS2@rGO/S cathode material was prepared by thermally melting sulfur on MoS2@rGO. Morphological structure and electrochemical properties of the samples were characterized. The results show that the prepared MoS2 is a petal-like structure and grows in situ on the GO. The composite MoS2@rGO/S shows a lamellar structure and an excellent electrochemical performance: its first discharge specific capacity is up to 1243.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. Even at 3 C, its discharge specific capacity is 732.0 mAh g−1. Its capacity decay rate for 200 cycles at 0.5 C is only 0.09%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lithium sulfur (Li-S) battery has a great potential to replace lithium-ion batteries due to its high-energy density. However, the "shuttle effect" of polysulfide intermediates (Li2S8, Li2S6, Li2S4, etc.) from the cathode can lead to rapid capacity decay and low coulombic efficiency, thus limiting its further development. Anchoring polysulfide and inhibiting polysulfide migration in electrolytes is one of the focuses in Li-S battery. It is well known that polar metal oxides-manganese oxides (MnO2) are normally used as an effective inhibitor for its polysulfide inhibiting properties. Considering the natural 1D tunnel structure, MnO2 with three kinds of typical tunnel-type were screened to study the effects of the tunnel size on the adsorption capacity of polysulfide. We found that MnO2 with larger tunnel sizes has stronger chemisorption capacity of polysulfide. It promotes the conversion of polysulfide, and corresponding cathode exhibits better cycle reliability and rate performance in the cell comparison tests. This work should point out a new strategy for the cathode design of advanced Li-S battery by controlling the tunnel size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-scale practical application of cost-efficient lithium sulfur (Li–S) battery with high energy density is impeded due to the shuttle effect and torpid kinetics of polysulfides. Hence, it is significant for Li–S battery to solve these disadvantages to boost the electrochemical performances and facilitate the popularization in various fields. Herein, we synthesized a conductive NiCo 2 O 4 @PPy micro-flower-like material via hydrothermal technique followed by subsequent in-situ vapor phase polymerization, and the material was assembled into Li–S batteries to obtain satisfactory electrochemical performances. Flower-like NiCo 2 O 4 expedites the conversion of polysulfides through both physical adsorption and chemical anchoring. Polypyrrole can efficaciously confine polysulfides shuttling, increase the conductivity and concurrently promote lithium ions diffusion. NiCo 2 O 4 @PPy is simultaneously served as the effective cathode material and multi-functional interlayer for anchoring-catalyzing polysulfides, which can exhibit a satisfying initial capacity of 1588 mAh g−1 at 0.1C, and the average coulomb efficiency is 95.2%. The highest discharge specific capacity of 740 mAh g−1 is displayed at 2C and the capacity decay rate is 0.107% per cycle after 400 cycles. NiCo 2 O 4 @PPy composite is a favorable sulfur host material intimated by these new results, and it is also a competent candidate of interlayer in high-performance Li–S batteries. [Display omitted] • NiCo 2 O 4 @PPy (NCOP) micro-flower-like composite is rationally devised and synthesized. • NCOP composite displays superior conductivity and lithium ion diffusion capability. • NCOP composite can physically adsorb and chemically anchor polysulfides effectively. • NCOP composite efficiently catalyzes the conversion of polysulfide to Li 2 S and Li 2 S 2. • NCOP as sulfur host and interlayer jointly inhibits shuttle effect of polysulfides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysulfide shuttling has been the primary cause of failure in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery cycling. Here, we demonstrate an nucleophilic substitution reaction between polysulfides and binder functional groups can unexpectedly immobilizes the polysulfides. The substitution reaction is verified by UV–visible spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra. The immobilization of polysulfide is in situ monitored by synchrotron based sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectra. The resulting electrodes exhibit initial capacity up to 20.4 mAh/cm2, corresponding to 1199.1 mAh/g based on a micron-sulfur mass loading of 17.0 mg/cm2. The micron size sulfur transformed into nano layer coating on the cathode binder during cycling. Directly usage of nano-size sulfur promotes higher capacity of 33.7 mAh/cm2, which is the highest areal capacity reported in Li-S battery. This enhance performance is due to the reduced shuttle effect by covalently binding of the polysulfide with the polymer binder.

Polysulfide shuttling has been the primary cause of failure in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery cycling. Here, we demonstrate an nucleophilic substitution reaction between polysulfides and binder functional groups can unexpectedly immobilizes the polysulfides. The substitution reaction is verified by UV–visible spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra. The immobilization of polysulfide is in situ monitored by synchrotron based sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectra. The resulting electrodes exhibit initial capacity up to 20.4 mAh/cm2, corresponding to 1199.1 mAh/g based on a micron-sulfur mass loading of 17.0 mg/cm2. The micron size sulfur transformed into nano layer coating on the cathode binder during cycling. Directly usage of nano-size sulfur promotes higher capacity of 33.7 mAh/cm2, which is the highest areal capacity reported in Li-S battery. This enhance performance is due to the reduced shuttle effect by covalently binding of the polysulfide with the polymer binder.

Lithium sulfur batteries are suitable for drones due to their high gravimetric energy density (2600 Wh/kg of sulfur). However, on the cathode side, high specific capacity with high sulfur loading (high areal capacity) is challenging due to the poor conductivity of sulfur. Shuttling of Li-sulfide species between the sulfur cathode and lithium anode also limits specific capacity. Sulfur-carbon composite active materials with encapsulated sulfur address both issues but require expensive processing and have low sulfur content with limited areal capacity. Proper encapsulation of sulfur in carbonaceous structures along with active additives in solution may largely mitigate shuttling, resulting in cells with improved energy density at relatively low cost. Here, composite current collectors, selected binders, and carbonaceous matrices impregnated with an active mass were used to award stable sulfur cathodes with high areal specific capacity. All three components are necessary to reach a high sulfur loading of 3.8 mg/cm2 with a specific/areal capacity of 805 mAh/g/2.2 mAh/cm2. Good adhesion between the carbon-coated Al foil current collectors and the composite sulfur impregnated carbon matrices is mandatory for stable electrodes. Swelling of the binders influenced cycling retention as electroconductivity dominated the cycling performance of the Li-S cells comprising cathodes with high sulfur loading. Composite electrodes based on carbonaceous matrices in which sulfur is impregnated at high specific loading and non-swelling binders that maintain the integrated structure of the composite electrodes are important for strong performance. This basic design can be mass produced and optimized to yield practical devices.

Inhibiting the shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides (LiPSs) is critical to lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Nevertheless, the conventional separator fails to block immigration of LiPSs between electrodes. Herein, the enriched oxygen vacancies were stabilized with ruthenium doping on niobium oxide/three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide nanosphere (Nb 2 O 5−x /Ru-3DG) to prepare a functional separator layer for LiPSs diffusion prevention. The inhibition mechanism is unraveled by density functional theoretical calculations and experimental results. Li–S batteries with Nb 2 O 5−x /Ru-3DG-based separator displayed an excellent capacity of 700.3 mAh g−1 with a long-term stability of 1000 cycles and a high rate-performance of 533.2 mAh g−1 at 8 C. An industrial-level pouch cell delivered an outstanding specific capacity of 925.8 mAh g−1 with an exceptional flexibility. This study could open a new strategy to design materials with controlled defects and doping for LiPSs immobilization, enhanced catalytic activities for redox reaction, and other catalysts for energy conversion and storage devices. [Display omitted] • The Nb 2 O 5−x /Ru-3DG was fabricated via a two-step strategy with facile hydrothermal and controlled annealing methods. • Ru doping immobilized O vacancies by compensating coordination number and modulating electronic properties. • The coated layer effectively entrapped polysulfide and accelerated reaction kinetics for Li-S batteries. • Assembled Nb 2 O 5−x /Ru-3DG-based batteries delivered an excellent rate capacity and a long cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Permselective interlayer was designed and fabricated for Li-S battery. • The networked porous structure amplifies the LiPSs adsorption and conversion performance of Co 4 S 3. • Co 4 S 3 and pyridinic N sites can synergistically facilitate the transmission of Li+. • The Li-S battery performance is remarkably improved by enhancing the permselective capability of the interlayer. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have garnered significant research interest owing to their exceptional energy density, positioning them as a compelling candidate for next-generation energy storage technology. Nonetheless, their broad application faces challenges, primarily attributed to issues such as the shuttle effect induced by the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) migration. The integration of a functional interlayer between cathode and separator has emerged as a straightforward, cost-effective, and efficient strategy, but its structure and composition need to be designed more elaborately. Herein, inspired by the semipermeable cell membrane in biology, we focused on improving the permselectivity of the interlayer by fabricating a Co 4 S 3 nanoparticles incorporated carbon-based permselective interlayer via phase inversion method combining in-situ sulfurization and carbonization. The networked porous structure makes the adsorptive and catalytic active Co 4 S 3 accessible to more LiPSs and realizes the blockage of LiPSs diffusion, and the Li+ diffusion is simultaneously facilitated attributed to the synergy of Co 4 S 3 and lithiophilic N sites. The Li-S battery, integrated with the proposed permselective interlayer, exhibits notable enhancements in both specific capacity and cycling stability. Remarkably, it maintains a specific capacity of 635.6 mAh/g after 500 cycles at 2.0 C, and a capacity of 563.5 mAh/g after 400 cycles at 4.0 C, demonstrating a comparable decay rate of only ∼ 0.09 %. This result demonstrates the effectiveness and necessity of augmenting the permselective capability of the interlayer to significantly enhance the overall performance of Li-S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-sulfur battery is one of the most promising energy storage systems because of its high energy density and low cost. However, the commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries is still hampered by several technical problems, namely severe polysulfide shuttle and slow sulfur conversion kinetics. Tn this paper, we report a unique hollow MOFs to capture and catalyze polysulfide to achieve high efficiency lithium-sulfur batteries. The porous hollow structures can not only tolerate the volume change during the charging-discharging process, but also expose a large number of active sites within MOFs and promote the sulfur conversion redox. Due to these structural advantages, the prepared sulfur electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. At 3 C, the average capacity decay of each cycle after 800 cycles is ().()6%. Under a higher 4 C charge/discharge current, it still has an initial capacity of 598 mAh/g, the average capacity decay per cycle is only 0.07% after 1 ()0() cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]