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28 results on '"Litzinger, E."'

1. Accretion disk versus jet orientation in H$_{2}$O megamaser galaxies

Author

Kamali, F., Henkel, C., Koyama, S., Kuo, C. Y., Condon, J. J., Brunthaler, A., Reid, M. J., Greene, J. E., Menten, K. M., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., Braatz, J. A., Litzinger, E., and Kadler, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

An essential part of the paradigm describing active galactic nuclei is the alignment between the radio jet and the associated rotation axis of the sub-pc sized accretion disks. Because of the small linear and angular scales involved, this alignment has not yet been checked in a sufficient number of Low Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei (LLAGNs). The project intends to examine the validity of this paradigm by measuring the radio continuum on the same physical scale as the accretion disks, to investigate any possible connection between these disks and the radio continuum. We observed a sample of 18 LLAGNs in the 4.8 GHz (6 cm) radio continuum using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) with 3.3 to 6.5 milliarcseconds resolution. The sources were selected to show both an edge-on accretion disk revealed by 22 GHz H$_{2}$O megamaser emission and signatures of a radio jet. Furthermore, the sources were previously detected in 33GHz radio continuum observations made with the Very Large Array. Five out of 18 galaxies observed were detected at 8 sigma or higher levels (Mrk0001, Mrk1210, Mrk1419, NGC2273 and UGC3193). While all these sources are known to have maser disks, four of these five sources exhibit a maser disk with known orientation. For all four sources, the radio continuum is misaligned relative to the rotation axis of the maser disk, but with a 99.1% confidence level, the orientations are not random and are confined to a cone within 32 degree of the maser disk's normal. Among the four sources the misalignment of the radio continuum with respect to the normal vector to the maser disk is smaller when the inner radius of the maser disk is larger. Furthermore, a correlation is observed between the 5 GHz VLBA radio continuum and the [OIII] luminosity and also with the H$_{2}$O maser disk's inner radius., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2019
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2. Radio continuum of galaxies with H$_{2}$O megamaser disks: 33 GHz VLA data

Author

Kamali, F., Henkel, C., Brunthaler, A., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., Menten, K. M., Braatz, J. A., Greene, J. E., Reid, M. J., Condon, J. J., Lo, K. Y., Kuo, C. Y., Litzinger, E., and Kadler, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We investigate the nuclear environment of galaxies with observed 22 GHz water megamaser in their subparsec edge-on accretion disks, using 33 GHz (9mm) radio continuum data from VLA, with a resolution of ~ 0.2-0.5 arcsecs, and relate the maser and host galaxy properties to those of its radio continuum emission. Eighty-seven percent (21 out of 24) galaxies in our sample show 33 GHz radio continuum emission at levels of 4.5-240 $\sigma$. Five sources show extended emission, including one source with two main components and one with three main components. The remaining detected 16 sources exhibit compact cores within the sensitivity limits. Little evidence is found for extended jets (>300 pc) in most sources. Either they do not exist, or our chosen frequency of 33 GHz is too high for a detection of these supposedly steep spectrum features. In only one source among those with known maser disk orientation, NGC4388, we found an extended jet-like feature that appears to be oriented perpendicular to the water megamaser disk. Smaller 100-300 pc sized jets might also be present, as is suggested by the beam-deconvolved morphology of our sources. Whenever possible, central positions with accuracies of 20-280 mas are provided. A correlation analysis shows that the 33 GHz luminosity weakly correlates with the infrared luminosity. The 33 GHz luminosity is anticorrelated with the circular velocity of the galaxy. The black hole masses show stronger correlations with water maser luminosity than with 1.4 GHz, 33 GHz, or hard X-ray luminosities. Furthermore, the inner radii of the disks show stronger correlations with 1.4 GHz, 33 GHz, and hard X-ray luminosities than their outer radii, suggesting that the outer radii may be affected by disk warping, star formation, or peculiar density distributions., Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2017
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3. Coincidence of a high-fluence blazar outburst with a PeV-energy neutrino event

Author

Kadler, M., Krauß, F., Mannheim, K., Ojha, R., Müller, C., Schulz, R., Anton, G., Baumgartner, W., Beuchert, T., Buson, S., Carpenter, B., Eberl, T., Edwards, P. G., Glawion, D. Eisenacher, Elsässer, D., Gehrels, N., Gräfe, C., Hase, H., Horiuchi, S., James, C. W., Kappes, A., Katz, U., Kreikenbohm, A., Kreter, M., Kreykenbohm, I., Langejahn, M., Leiter, K., Litzinger, E., Longo, F., Lovell, J. E. J., McEnery, J., Phillips, C., Plötz, C., Quick, J., Ros, E., Stecker, F. W., Steinbring, T., Stevens, J., Thompson, D. J., Trüstedt, J., Tzioumis, A. K., Wilms, J., and Zensus, J. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The discovery of extraterrestrial very-high-energy neutrinos by the IceCube collaboration has launched a quest for the identification of their astrophysical sources. Gamma-ray blazars have been predicted to yield a cumulative neutrino signal exceeding the atmospheric background above energies of 100 TeV, assuming that both the neutrinos and the gamma-ray photons are produced by accelerated protons in relativistic jets. Since the background spectrum falls steeply with increasing energy, the individual events with the clearest signature of being of an extraterrestrial origin are those at PeV energies. Inside the large positional-uncertainty fields of the first two PeV neutrinos detected by IceCube, the integrated emission of the blazar population has a sufficiently high electromagnetic flux to explain the detected IceCube events, but fluences of individual objects are too low to make an unambiguous source association. Here, we report that a major outburst of the blazar PKS B1424-418 occurred in temporal and positional coincidence with the third PeV-energy neutrino event (IC35) detected by IceCube. Based on an analysis of the full sample of gamma-ray blazars in the IC35 field and assuming a photo-hadronic emission model, we show that the long-term average gamma-ray emission of blazars as a class is in agreement with both the measured all-sky flux of PeV neutrinos and the spectral slope of the IceCube signal. The outburst of PKS B1424-418 has provided an energy output high enough to explain the observed PeV event, indicative of a direct physical association., Comment: Accepted for publication in Nature Physics on Mar 3rd, 2016 (arXiv version is the original submitted manuscript as per NatPhys regulations), 38 pages (including 10 pages of supplementary material), 3 figures

Published
2016
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4. ANTARES Constrains a Blazar Origin of Two IceCube PeV Neutrino Events

Author

ANTARES Collaboration, Adrián-Martínez, S., Albert, A., André, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. -J., Baret, B., Barrios, J., Basa, S., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bogazzi, C., Bormuth, R., Bou-Cabo, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coniglione, R., Costantini, H., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., De Rosa, G., Dekeyser, I., Deschamps, A., De Bonis, G., Distefano, C., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dorosti, Q., Drouhin, D., Dumas, A., Eberl, T., Enzenhöfer, A., Escoffier, S., Fehn, K., Felis, I., Fermani, P., Folger, F., Fusco, L. A., Galatà, S., Gay, P., Geißelsöder, S., Geyer, K., Giordano, V., Gleixner, A., Gómez-González, J. P., Gracia-Ruiz, R., Graf, K., Guillard, G., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Herrero, A., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Hugon, C., James, C. W, de Jong, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Kießling, D., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Loehner, H., Loucatos, S., Mangano, S., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, S., Mathieu, A., Michael, T., Migliozzi, P., Neff, M., Nezri, E., Palioselitis, D., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrina, C., Piattelli, P., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Racca, C., Riccobene, G., Richter, R., Roensch, K., Rostovtsev, A., Saldaña, M., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sánchez-Losa, A., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schmid, J., Schnabel, J., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Seitz, T., Sieger, C., Spies, A., Spurio, M., Steijger, J. J. M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tamburini, C., Tayalati, Y., Trovato, A., Tselengidou, M., Tönnis, C., Vallage, B., Vallée, C., Van Elewyck, V., Visser, E., Vivolo, D., Wagner, S., de Wolf, E., Yepes, H., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., Collaboration, TANAMI, Krauß, F., Kadler, M., Mannheim, K., Schulz, R., Trüstedt, J., Wilms, J., Ojha, R., Ros, E., Baumgartner, W., Beuchert, T., Blanchard, J., Bürkel, C., Carpenter, B., Edwards, P. G., Glawion, D. Eisenacher, Elsässer, D., Fritsch, U., Gehrels, N., Gräfe, C., Großberger, C., Hase, H., Horiuchi, S., Kappes, A., Kreikenbohm, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Langejahn, M., Leiter, K., Litzinger, E., Lovell, J. E. J., Müller, C., Phillips, C., Plötz, C., Quick, J., Steinbring, T., Stevens, J., Thompson, D. J., and Tzioumis, A. K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The source(s) of the neutrino excess reported by the IceCube Collaboration is unknown. The TANAMI Collaboration recently reported on the multiwavelength emission of six bright, variable blazars which are positionally coincident with two of the most energetic IceCube events. Objects like these are prime candidates to be the source of the highest-energy cosmic rays, and thus of associated neutrino emission. We present an analysis of neutrino emission from the six blazars using observations with the ANTARES neutrino telescope.The standard methods of the ANTARES candidate list search are applied to six years of data to search for an excess of muons --- and hence their neutrino progenitors --- from the directions of the six blazars described by the TANAMI Collaboration, and which are possibly associated with two IceCube events. Monte Carlo simulations of the detector response to both signal and background particle fluxes are used to estimate the sensitivity of this analysis for different possible source neutrino spectra. A maximum-likelihood approach, using the reconstructed energies and arrival directions of through-going muons, is used to identify events with properties consistent with a blazar origin.Both blazars predicted to be the most neutrino-bright in the TANAMI sample (1653$-$329 and 1714$-$336) have a signal flux fitted by the likelihood analysis corresponding to approximately one event. This observation is consistent with the blazar-origin hypothesis of the IceCube event IC14 for a broad range of blazar spectra, although an atmospheric origin cannot be excluded. No ANTARES events are observed from any of the other four blazars, including the three associated with IceCube event IC20. This excludes at a 90\% confidence level the possibility that this event was produced by these blazars unless the neutrino spectrum is flatter than $-2.4$., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables

Published
2015
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5. TANAMI Blazars in the IceCube PeV Neutrino Fields

Author

Krauß, F., Kadler, M., Mannheim, K., Schulz, R., Trüstedt, J, Wilms, J., Ojha, R., Ros, E., Anton, G., Baumgartner, W., Beuchert, T., Blanchard, J., Bürkel, C., Carpenter, B., Eberl, T., Edwards, P. G., Eisenacher, D., Elsässer, D., Fehn, K., Fritsch, U., Gehrels, N., Gräfe, C., Großberger, C., Hase, H., Horiuchi, S., James, C., Kappes, A., Katz, U., Kreikenbohm, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Langejahn, M., Leiter, K., Litzinger, E., Lovell, J. E. J., Müller, C., Phillips, C., Plötz, C., Quick, J., Steinbring, T., Stevens, J., Thompson, D. J., and Tzioumis, A. K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The IceCube Collaboration has announced the discovery of a neutrino flux in excess of the atmospheric background. Due to the steeply falling atmospheric background spectrum, events at PeV energies are most likely of extraterrestrial origin. We present the multiwavelength properties of the six radio brightest blazars positionally coincident with these events using contemporaneous data of the TANAMI blazar sample, including high-resolution images and spectral energy distributions. Assuming the X-ray to {\gamma}-ray emission originates in the photoproduction of pions by accelerated protons, the integrated predicted neutrino luminosity of these sources is large enough to explain the two detected PeV events., Comment: accepted to A&A, 2 June

Published
2014
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6. Hard X-ray properties of radio-selected blazars

Author

Langejahn, M., primary, Kadler, M., additional, Wilms, J., additional, Litzinger, E., additional, Kreter, M., additional, Gehrels, N., additional, Baumgartner, W. H., additional, Markwardt, C. B., additional, and Tueller, J., additional

Published
2020
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7. ANTARES constrains a blazar origin of two IceCube PeV neutrino events

Author

Adrián Martínez, S., Albert, A., André, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. J., Baret, B., Barrios, J., Basa, S., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bogazzi, C., Bormuth, R., Bou Cabo, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Capone, Antonio, Caramete, L., Carr, J., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coniglione, R., Core, L., Costantini, H., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., De Rosa, G., Dekeyser, I., Deschamps, A., DE BONIS, Giulia, Distefano, C., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dorosti, Q., Drouhin, D., Dumas, A., Eberl, T., Enzenhöfer, A., Escoffier, S., Fehn, K., Felis, I., Fermani, Paolo, Folger, F., Fusco, L. A., Galatà, S., Gay, P., Geißelsöder, S., Geyer, K., Giordano, V., Gleixner, A., Gřómez González, J. P., Graf, K., Guillard, G., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández Rey, J. J., Herold, B., Herrero, A., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Hugon, C., James, C. W., de Jong, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Kießling, D., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lambard, E., Lambard, G., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Loehner, H., Loucatos, S., Mangano, S., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Martínez Mora, J. A., Martini, S., Mathieu, A., Michael, T., Migliozzi, P., Neff, M., Nezri, E., Palioselitis, D., Păvăląs, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrina, Chiara, Piattelli, P., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Racca, C., Riccobene, G., Richter, R., Roensch, K., Rostovtsev, A., Saldaña, M., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sánchez Losa, . A., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schmid, J., Schnabel, J., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Seitz, T., Sieger, C., Spies, A., Spurio, M., Steijger, J. J. M., Stolarczyk, T. h., Taiuti, M., Tamburini, C., Tayalati, Y., Trovato, A., Vallage, B., Vallée, C., Van Elewyck, V., Visser, E., Vivolo, D., Wagner, S., de Wolf, E., Yatkin, K., Yepes, H., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., Krauß, F., Kadler, M., Mannheim, . K., Schulz, R., Trüstedt, J., Wilms, J., Ojha, R., Ros, E., Baumgartner, W., Beuchert, T., Blanchard, J., Bürkel, C., Carpenter, B., Edwards, P. G., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsässer, D., Fritsch, U., Gehrels, N., Gräfe, C., Großberger, C., Hase, H., Horiuchi, S., Kappes, A., Kreikenbohm, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Langejahn, M., Leiter, K., Litzinger, E., Lovell, J. E. J., Müller, C., Phillips, C., Plötz, C., Quick, J., Steinbring, T., Stevens, J., Thompson, D. J., Tzioumis, A. K., Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Groupe de Recherche en Physique des Hautes Energies (GRPHE), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Colmar, Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB-UPC), Universidad Polytecnica de Cataluña (UPC), Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), The ANTARES Collaboration, The TANAMI Collaboration, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Colmar-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), KM3NeT (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-IUT de Colmar, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adrián Martínez, S., Albert, A., André, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. J., Baret, B., Barrios, J., Basa, S., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bogazzi, C., Bormuth, R., Bou Cabo, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coniglione, R., Costantini, H., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., DE ROSA, Gianfranca, Dekeyser, I., Deschamps, A., De Bonis, G., Distefano, C., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dorosti, Q., Drouhin, D., Dumas, A., Eberl, T., Enzenhöfer, A., Escoffier, S., Fehn, K., Felis, I., Fermani, P., Folger, F., Fusco, L. A., Galatà, S., Gay, P., Geißelsöder, S., Geyer, K., Giordano, V., Gleixner, A., Gómez González, J. P., Gracia Ruiz, R., Graf, K., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández Rey, J. J., Herrero, A., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Hugon, C., W. James, C., de Jong, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Kießling, D., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lattuada, D., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Loehner, H., Loucatos, S., Mangano, S., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Martínez Mora, J. A., Martini, S., Mathieu, A., Michael, T., Migliozzi, P., Neff, M., Nezri, E., Palioselitis, D., Păvălaş, G. E., Perrina, C., Piattelli, P., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Racca, C., Riccobene, G., Richter, R., Roensch, K., Rostovtsev, A., Saldaña, M., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sánchez Losa, A., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schmid, J., Schnabel, J., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Seitz, T., Sieger, C., Spies, A., Spurio, M., Steijger, J. J. M., Stolarczyk, T. h., Taiuti, M., Tamburini, C., Tayalati, Y., Trovato, A., Tselengidou, M., Tönnis, C., Vallage, B., Vallée, C., Van Elewyck, V., Visser, E., Vivolo, Daniele, Wagner, S., de Wolf, E., Yepes, H., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., Krauß, F., Kadler, M., Mannheim, K., Schulz, R., Trüstedt, J., Wilms, J., Ojha, R., Ros, E., Baumgartner, W., Beuchert, T., Blanchard, J., Bürkel, C., Carpenter, B., Edwards, P. G., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsässer, D., Fritsch, U., Gehrels, N., Gräfe, C., Großberger, C., Hase, H., Horiuchi, S., Kappes, A., Kreikenbohm, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Langejahn, M., Leiter, K., Litzinger, E., Lovell, J. E. J., Müller, C., Phillips, C., Plötz, C., Quick, J., Steinbring, T., Stevens, J., Thompson, D. J., Tzioumis, A. K., Adrian-Martinez, S, Albert, A, Andre, M, Anton, G, Ardid, M, Aubert, Jj, Baret, B, Barrios, J, Basa, S, Bertin, V, Biagi, S, Bogazzi, C, Bormuth, R, Bou-Cabo, M, Bouwhuis, Mc, Brujin, R, Brunner, J, Busto, J, Capone, A, Caramete, L, Cane, J, Chiarusim, T, Circella, M, Coniglione, R, Costantini, H, Coyle, P, Creusot, A, De Rosa, G, Dekeyser, I, Deschamps, A, De Bonis, G, Distefano, C, Donzaud, C, Dornic, D, Dorosti, Q, Drouhin, D, Dumas, A, Eberl, T, Enzenhofer, A, Escoffier, S, Fehn, K, Felis, I, Fermani, P, Folger, F, Fusco, La, Galata, S, Gay, P, Geisselsoder, S, Geyer, K, Giordano, V, Gleixner, A, Gomez-Gonzalez, Jp, Gracia-Ruiz, R, Graf, K, van Haren, H, Heijboer, Aj, Hello, Y, Hernandez-Rey, Jj, Herrero, A, Hossl, J, Hofestadt, J, Hugon, C, James, Cw, de Jong, M, Kalekin, O, Katz, U, Kiessling, D, Kooijman, P, Kouchner, A, Kulikovskiy, V, Lahmann, R, Lattuada, D, Lefevre, D, Leonora, E, Loehner, H, Loucatos, S, Mangano, S, Marcelin, M, Margiotta, A, Martinez-Mora, Ja, Martini, S, Mathieu, A, Michael, T, Migliozzi, P, Neff, M, Nezri, E, Palioselitis, D, Pavalas, Ge, Perrina, C, Piattelli, P, Popa, V, Pradier, T, Racca, C, Riccobene, G, Richter, R, Roensch, K, Rostovtsev, A, Saldana, M, Samtleben, Dfe, Sanchez-Losa, A, Sanguineti, M, Sapienza, P, Schmid, J, Schnabel, J, Schulte, S, Schussler, F, Seitz, T, Sieger, C, Spies, A, Spurio, M, Steijger, Jjm, Stolarczyk, T, Taiuti, M, Tamburini, C, Tayalati, Y, Trovato, A, Tselengidou, M, Tonnis, C, Vallage, B, Vallee, C, Van Elewyck, V, Visser, E, Vivolo, D, Wagner, S, de Wolf, E, Yepes, H, Zornoza, Jd, Zuniga, J, Krauss, F, Kadler, M, Mannheim, K, Schulz, R, Trustedt, J, Wilms, J, Ojha, R, Ros, E, Baumgartner, W, Beuchert, T, Blanchard, J, Burke, C, Carpenter, B, Edwards, Pg, Glawion, De, Elsasser, D, Fritsch, U, Gehrels, N, Grafe, C, Grossberger, C, Hase, H, Horiuchi, S, Kappes, A, Kreikenbohm, A, Kreykenbohm, I, Langejahn, M, Leiter, K, Litzinger, E, Lovell, Jej, Muller, C, Phillips, C, Plotz, C, Quick, J, Steinbring, T, Stevens, J, Thompson, Dj, Tzioumis, Ak, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adrián-Martínez, S, Aubert, J.-J., Bou-Cabo, M., Bouwhuis, M.C., De Rosa, G., Fusco, L.A., Gómez-González, J.P., Gracia-Ruiz, R., Van Haren, H., Heijboer, A.J., Hernández-Rey, J.J., James, C.W., De Jong, M., Martínez-Mora, J.A., Pəvəlaş, G.E., Samtleben, D.F.E., Sánchez-Losa, A., Steijger, J.J.M., Stolarczyk, Th., Vivolo, D., De Wolf, E., Zornoza, J.D., Edwards, P.G., Lovell, J.E.J., Thompson, D.J., Tzioumis, A.K., Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LAB - Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Adrian-Martinez, S., Andre, M., Aubert, J. -J., Enzenhofer, A., Galata, S., Geisselsoder, S., Gomez-Gonzalez, J. P., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hossl, J., Hofestadt, J., James, C. W., Kiessling, D., Lefevre, D., Martinez-Mora, J. A., Pevelas, G. E., Saldana, M., Sanchez-Losa, A., Schussler, F., Tonnis, C., Vallee, C., Zuniga, J., Krauss, F., Trustedt, J., Burkel, C., Elsasser, D., Grafe, C., Grossberger, C., Muller, C., and Plotz, C.

Subjects
Astrofísica, active [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, Galaxies: active, Neutrinos, Quasars: general, Neutrins, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Muon, Cosmologia, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, general [Quasars], Astronomy and Astrophysic, Neutrino astrophysics, Quasars general, Cosmology, neutrinos – galaxies: active – quasars: general, Space and Planetary Science, Galaxies active, Col·lisions (Física nuclear), Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], FISICA APLICADA, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, MATEMATICA APLICADA, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Event (particle physics)
Abstract

Context. The source(s) of the neutrino excess reported by the IceCube Collaboration is unknown. The TANAMI Collaboration recently reported on the multiwavelength emission of six bright, variable blazars which are positionally coincident with two of the most energetic IceCube events. Objects like these are prime candidates to be the source of the highest-energy cosmic rays, and thus of associated neutrino emission. Aims. We present an analysis of neutrino emission from the six blazars using observations with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. Methods. The standard methods of the ANTARES candidate list search are applied to six years of data to search for an excess of muons and hence their neutrino progenitors from the directions of the six blazars described by the TANAMI Collaboration, and which are possibly associated with two IceCube events. Monte Carlo simulations of the detector response to both signal and background particle fluxes are used to estimate the sensitivity of this analysis for different possible source neutrino spectra. A maximum-likelihood approach, using the reconstructed energies and arrival directions of through-going muons, is used to identify events with properties consistent with a blazar origin. Results. Both blazars predicted to be the most neutrino-bright in the TANAMI sample (1653-329 and 1714-336) have a signal flux fitted by the likelihood analysis corresponding to approximately one event. This observation is consistent with the blazar-origin hypothesis of the IceCube event IC 14 for a broad range of blazar spectra, although an atmospheric origin cannot be excluded. No ANTARES events are observed from any of the other four blazars, including the three associated with IceCube event IC20. This excludes at a 90% confidence level the possibility that this event was produced by these blazars unless the neutrino spectrum is flatter than -2.4., The authors would like to thank A. Kappes for helpful discussions regarding the IceCube analysis. The ANTARES authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat a l'enegie atomique et aux energies alternatives (CEA), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Region Alsace (contrat CPER), Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Departement du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer, France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; Council of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and leading scientific schools supporting grants, Russia; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN), Prometeo of Generalitat Valenciana and MultiDark, Spain; Agence de l'Oriental and CNRST, Morocco. We also acknowledge the technical support of Ifremer, AIM and Foselev Marine for the sea operation and the CC-IN2P3 for the computing facilities. The TANAMI authors acknowledge support and partial funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant WI 1860-10/1 (TANAMI) and GRK 1147, Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt grant 50 OR1311/50 OR1303/50 OR1401, the Spanish MINECO project AYA2012-38491-C02-01, the Generalitat Valenciana project PROMETEOII/2014/057, the COST MP0905 action "Black Holes in a Violent Universe" and the Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP).

Published
2015

8. Accretion disk versus jet orientation in H2O megamaser galaxies

Author

Kamali, F., primary, Henkel, C., additional, Koyama, S., additional, Kuo, C. Y., additional, Condon, J. J., additional, Brunthaler, A., additional, Reid, M. J., additional, Greene, J. E., additional, Menten, K. M., additional, Impellizzeri, C. M. V., additional, Braatz, J. A., additional, Litzinger, E., additional, and Kadler, M., additional

Published
2019
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9. X-Ray Characteristics of Water Megamaser Galaxies

Author

Leiter, K., primary, Kadler, M., additional, Wilms, J., additional, Braatz, J., additional, Grossberger, C., additional, Krauß, F., additional, Kreikenbohm, A., additional, Langejahn, M., additional, Litzinger, E., additional, Markowitz, A., additional, and Müller, C., additional

Published
2017
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10. Radio continuum of galaxies with H2O megamaser disks

Author

Kamali, F., primary, Henkel, C., additional, Brunthaler, A., additional, Impellizzeri, C. M. V., additional, Menten, K. M., additional, Braatz, J. A., additional, Greene, J. E., additional, Reid, M. J., additional, Condon, J. J., additional, Lo, K. Y., additional, Kuo, C. Y., additional, Litzinger, E., additional, and Kadler, M., additional

Published
2017
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11. Radio continuum of galaxies with H2O megamaser disks: 33 GHz VLA data

Author

Kamali, F., primary, Henkel, C., additional, Brunthaler, A., additional, Impellizzeri, C. M. V., additional, Menten, K. M., additional, Braatz, J. A., additional, Greene, J. E., additional, Reid, M. J., additional, Condon, J. J., additional, Lo, K. Y., additional, Kuo, C. Y., additional, Litzinger, E., additional, and Kadler, M., additional

Published
2017
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12. Accretion disk versus jet orientation in H2O megamaser galaxies.

Author

Kamali, F., Henkel, C., Koyama, S., Kuo, C. Y., Condon, J. J., Brunthaler, A., Reid, M. J., Greene, J. E., Menten, K. M., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., Braatz, J. A., Litzinger, E., and Kadler, M.

Subjects
ACCRETION disks, RADIO galaxies, ACTIVE galactic nuclei, GALAXIES, MASERS
Abstract

Context. An essential part of the paradigm describing active galactic nuclei is the alignment between the radio jet and the associated rotation axis of the sub-pc accretion disks. Because of the small linear and angular scales involved, this alignment has not yet been checked in a sufficient number of low luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs). Aims. The project examines the validity of this paradigm by measuring the radio continuum on the same physical scale as the accretion disks to investigate any possible connection between these disks and the radio continuum. Methods. We observed a sample of 18 LLAGNs in the 4.8 GHz (6 cm) radio continuum using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) with 3.3–6.5 ms resolution. The sources were selected to show both an edge-on accretion disk revealed by 22 GHz H2O megamaser emission and signatures of a radio jet. Furthermore, the sources were previously detected in 33 GHz radio continuum observations made with the Very Large Array. Results. Five out of 18 galaxies observed were detected at 8σ or higher levels (Mrk 0001, Mrk 1210, Mrk 1419, NGC 2273, and UGC 3193). While these five sources are known to have maser disks, four of them exhibit a maser disk with known orientation. For all four of these sources, the radio continuum is misaligned relative to the rotation axis of the maser disk, but with a 99.1% confidence level, the orientations are not random and are confined to a cone within 32° of the maser disk's normal. Among the four sources the misalignment of the radio continuum with respect to the normal vector to the maser disk is smaller when the inner radius of the maser disk is larger. Furthermore, a correlation is observed between the 5 GHz VLBA radio continuum and the [OIII] luminosity and also with the H2O maser disk's inner radius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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13. Coincidence of a high-fluence blazar outburst with a PeV-energy neutrino event

Author

Kadler, M., primary, Krauß, F., additional, Mannheim, K., additional, Ojha, R., additional, Müller, C., additional, Schulz, R., additional, Anton, G., additional, Baumgartner, W., additional, Beuchert, T., additional, Buson, S., additional, Carpenter, B., additional, Eberl, T., additional, Edwards, P. G., additional, Eisenacher Glawion, D., additional, Elsässer, D., additional, Gehrels, N., additional, Gräfe, C., additional, Gulyaev, S., additional, Hase, H., additional, Horiuchi, S., additional, James, C. W., additional, Kappes, A., additional, Katz, U., additional, Kreikenbohm, A., additional, Kreter, M., additional, Kreykenbohm, I., additional, Langejahn, M., additional, Leiter, K., additional, Litzinger, E., additional, Longo, F., additional, Lovell, J. E. J., additional, McEnery, J., additional, Natusch, T., additional, Phillips, C., additional, Plötz, C., additional, Quick, J., additional, Ros, E., additional, Stecker, F. W., additional, Steinbring, T., additional, Stevens, J., additional, Thompson, D. J., additional, Trüstedt, J., additional, Tzioumis, A. K., additional, Weston, S., additional, Wilms, J., additional, and Zensus, J. A., additional

Published
2016
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15. Radio continuum of galaxies with H2O megamaser disks: 33 GHz VLA data.

Author

Kamali, F., Henkel, C., Brunthaler, A., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., Menten, K. M., Braatz, J. A., Greene, J. E., Reid, M. J., Condon, J. J., Lo, K. Y., Kuo, C. Y., Litzinger, E., and Kadler, M.

Subjects
ACTIVE galactic nuclei, HARD X-rays, STAR formation, SEYFERT galaxies, ROTATIONAL transitions (Molecular physics)
Abstract

Context. Galaxies with H2O megamaser disks are active galaxies in whose edge-on accretion disks 22 ;GHz H2O maser emission has been detected. Because their geometry is known, they provide a unique view into the properties of active galactic nuclei. Aims. The goal of this work is to investigate the nuclear environment of galaxies with H2O maser disks and to relate the maser and host galaxy properties to those of the radio continuum emission of the galaxy. Methods. The 33 ;GHz (9 ;mm) radio continuum properties of 24 galaxies with reported 22 GHz H2O maser emission from their disks are studied in the context of the multiwavelength view of these sources. The 29-37 ;GHz Ka-band observations are made with the Karl Jansky Very Large Array in B, CnB, or BnA configurations, achieving a resolution of ~0.2-0.5 ;arcsec. Hard X-ray data from the Swift/BAT survey and 22 ;μm infrared data from WISE, 22 ;GHz H2O maser data and 1.4 ;GHz data from NVSS and FIRST surveys are also included in the analysis. Results. Eighty-seven percent (21 out of 24) galaxies in our sample show 33 ;GHz radio continuum emission at levels of 4.5-240σ. Five sources show extended emission (deconvolved source size larger than 2.5 times the major axis of the beam), including one source with two main components and one with three main components. The remaining detected 16 sources (and also some of the above-mentioned targets) exhibit compact cores within the sensitivity limits. Little evidence is found for extended jets (>300 ;pc) in most sources. Either they do not exist, or our chosen frequency of 33 ;GHz is too high for a detection of these supposedly steep spectrum features. In NGC ;4388, we find an extended jet-like feature that appears to be oriented perpendicular to the H2O megamaser disk. NGC 2273 is another candidate whose radio continuum source might be elongated perpendicular to the maser disk. Smaller 100-300 ;pc sized jets might also be present, as is suggested by the beam-deconvolved morphology of our sources. Whenever possible, central positions with accuracies of 20-280 mas are provided. A correlation analysis shows that the 33 ;GHz luminosity weakly correlates with the infrared luminosity. The 33 ;GHz luminosity is anticorrelated with the circular velocity of the galaxy. The black hole masses show stronger correlations with H2O maser luminosity than with 1.4 ;GHz, 33 ;GHz, or hard X-ray luminosities. Furthermore, the inner radii of the disks show stronger correlations with 1.4 ;GHz, 33 ;GHz, and hard X-ray luminosities than their outer radii, suggesting that the outer radii may be affected by disk warping, star formation, or peculiar density distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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16. TANAMI blazars in the IceCube PeV-neutrino fields

Author

Krauß, F., primary, Kadler, M., additional, Mannheim, K., additional, Schulz, R., additional, Trüstedt, J., additional, Wilms, J., additional, Ojha, R., additional, Ros, E., additional, Anton, G., additional, Baumgartner, W., additional, Beuchert, T., additional, Blanchard, J., additional, Bürkel, C., additional, Carpenter, B., additional, Eberl, T., additional, Edwards, P. G., additional, Eisenacher, D., additional, Elsässer, D., additional, Fehn, K., additional, Fritsch, U., additional, Gehrels, N., additional, Gräfe, C., additional, Großberger, C., additional, Hase, H., additional, Horiuchi, S., additional, James, C., additional, Kappes, A., additional, Katz, U., additional, Kreikenbohm, A., additional, Kreykenbohm, I., additional, Langejahn, M., additional, Leiter, K., additional, Litzinger, E., additional, Lovell, J. E. J., additional, Müller, C., additional, Phillips, C., additional, Plötz, C., additional, Quick, J., additional, Steinbring, T., additional, Stevens, J., additional, Thompson, D. J., additional, and Tzioumis, A. K., additional

Published
2014
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19. Helical Aggregation of Cyanine Dyes on DNA Templates:  Effect of Dye Structure on Formation of Homo- and Heteroaggregates

Author

Garoff, R. A., Litzinger, E. A., Connor, R. E., Fishman, I., and Armitage, B. A.

Abstract

UV−visible and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic experiments were used to characterize DNA-templated helical aggregates formed from a variety of symmetrical, cationic cyanine dyes. Two types of electronic couplings can be observed in these aggregates:  face-to-face interactions between dye monomers and end-to-end interactions between dye dimers. The face-to-face interactions yield approximately 4-fold stronger couplings due to greater orbital overlap. Variation of the heterocyclic groups on the dye reveals that aggregation on DNA follows the following trend:  quinoline > benzothiazole > benzoxazole > dimethylindole. This trend follows the tendency of these dyes to aggregate in aqueous solution. Within the benzothiazole class of dyes, a dicarbocyanine dye (pentamethine bridge) aggregates much more readily than the carbocyanine (trimethine bridge) analogue. However, a tricarbocyanine dye (heptamethine bridge) aggregates less readily than the dicarbocyanine, in contrast to their relative tendency to aggregate in water. In addition, heteroaggregates in which two different dyes associate cofacially on the DNA template can be synthesized.

Published
2002
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20. Radio continuum of galaxies with H2O megamaser disks.

Author

Kamali, F., Henkel, C., Brunthaler, A., Impellizzeri, C. M. V., Menten, K. M., Braatz, J. A., Greene, J. E., Reid, M. J., Condon, J. J., Lo, K. Y., Kuo, C. Y., Litzinger, E., Kadler, M., Tarchi, A., Reid, M.J., and Castangia, P.

Abstract

In our attempt to investigate the basic active galactic nucleus (AGN) paradigm requiring a centrally located supermassive black hole (SMBH), a close to Keplerian accretion disk and a jet perpendicular to its plane, we have searched for radio continuum in galaxies with H2O megamasers in their disks. We observed 18 such galaxies with the Very Large Baseline Array in C band (5 GHz, ~2 mas resolution) and we detected 5 galaxies at 8 σ or higher levels. For those sources for which the maser data is available, the positions of masers and those of the 5 GHz radio continuum sources coincide within the uncertainties, and the radio continuum is perpendicular to the maser disk's orientation within the position angle uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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28. Coincidence of a high-fluence blazar outburst with a PeV-energy neutrino event

Author

D. Eisenacher Glawion, Bryce Carpenter, J. A. Zensus, S. Buson, Karl Mannheim, Tim Natusch, Dominik Elsässer, Jamie Stevens, M. Kreter, Julie McEnery, Francesco Longo, Christian Plötz, D. J. Thompson, Chris Phillips, Shinji Horiuchi, E. Litzinger, Felicia Krauß, C. Gräfe, F. W. Stecker, I. Kreykenbohm, Gisela Anton, Alexander Kappes, Thomas Eberl, Philip G. Edwards, T. Beuchert, Eduardo Ros, C. Müller, Jörn Wilms, Sergei Gulyaev, J. Trüstedt, K. Leiter, James E. J. Lovell, Uli Katz, C. W. James, Anastasios Tzioumis, Roopesh Ojha, J. F. H. Quick, T. Steinbring, A. Kreikenbohm, M. Langejahn, Matthias Kadler, Stuart Weston, R. Schulz, W. Baumgartner, N. Gehrels, H. Hase, Kadler, M, Krauß, F., Mannheim, K., Ojha, R., Müller, C., Schulz, R., Anton, G., Baumgartner, W., Beuchert, T., Buson, S., Carpenter, B., Eberl, T., Edwards, P. G., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsässer, D., Gehrels, N., Gräfe, C., Gulyaev, S., Hase, H., Horiuchi, S., James, C. W., Kappes, A., Katz, U., Kreikenbohm, A., Kreter, M., Kreykenbohm, I., Langejahn, M., Leiter, K., Litzinger, E., Longo, Francesco, Lovell, J. E. J., Mcenery, J., Natusch, T., Phillips, C., Plötz, C., Quick, J., Ros, E., Stecker, F. W., Steinbring, T., Stevens, J., Thompson, D. J., Trüstedt, J., Tzioumis, A. K., Weston, S., Wilms, J., and Zensus, J. A.

Subjects
High-energy astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Neutrino telescope, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics and Astronomy, Neutrino, Active Galactic Nuclei, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Fluence, Coincidence, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astroparticle physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

The discovery of extraterrestrial very-high-energy neutrinos by the IceCube collaboration has launched a quest for the identification of their astrophysical sources. Gamma-ray blazars have been predicted to yield a cumulative neutrino signal exceeding the atmospheric background above energies of 100 TeV, assuming that both the neutrinos and the gamma-ray photons are produced by accelerated protons in relativistic jets. Since the background spectrum falls steeply with increasing energy, the individual events with the clearest signature of being of an extraterrestrial origin are those at PeV energies. Inside the large positional-uncertainty fields of the first two PeV neutrinos detected by IceCube, the integrated emission of the blazar population has a sufficiently high electromagnetic flux to explain the detected IceCube events, but fluences of individual objects are too low to make an unambiguous source association. Here, we report that a major outburst of the blazar PKS B1424-418 occurred in temporal and positional coincidence with the third PeV-energy neutrino event (IC35) detected by IceCube. Based on an analysis of the full sample of gamma-ray blazars in the IC35 field and assuming a photo-hadronic emission model, we show that the long-term average gamma-ray emission of blazars as a class is in agreement with both the measured all-sky flux of PeV neutrinos and the spectral slope of the IceCube signal. The outburst of PKS B1424-418 has provided an energy output high enough to explain the observed PeV event, indicative of a direct physical association., Accepted for publication in Nature Physics on Mar 3rd, 2016 (arXiv version is the original submitted manuscript as per NatPhys regulations), 38 pages (including 10 pages of supplementary material), 3 figures

Published
2016

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