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This study involved using teaching strategies from the ARCS Motivational Model to develop new interdisciplinary curricular modules and ability assessments that combine Atayal culture with information technology. The purpose was to explore whether, through pedagogy based on the ARCS motivational model, indigenous middle-school students had a significant improvement in teamwork, creative thinking, and communication abilities, and whether or not students' interest in information technology and culture was inspired. Research subjects were 17 first-year students in an Atayal Comprehensive Junior-Senior High School in Nan'ao, Yilan County. The research period was 2016-2017, and data was collected from teaching demonstrations, thoughts written down by students, and tests. Research tools include the qualitative written thoughts of the students and a quantitative assessment of the key abilities of teamwork, creative thinking, and communication abilities. There were a total of 33 items. To explore whether there was a significant change in indigenous students' teamwork, creative thinking, and communication abilities, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis of pre-test and post-test results. Research results show that indigenous students performed significantly better in the post-test than in the pre-test with respect to teamwork, creative thinking, and communication. The thoughts students wrote down after class clearly expressed interest in the cross-disciplinary course combining culture and information technology. Therefore, the course using an ARCS motivational model to combine Atayal culture and information technology significantly improved indigenous students' teamwork, creative thinking, and communication abilities.

The main objective of this study was to investigate and compare the spatial conceptualization performance for sixth grade elementary school students from urban, suburban and remote schools in Taiwan. This study involved 27, 25, and 26 sixth grade students from one remote indigenous school in eastern Taiwan, one suburban indigenous school in northern Taiwan, and one urban Han Chinese school in northern Taiwan, respectively. Spatial ability assessments were carried out on the students to explore the spatial conceptualization abilities and the possible relationship between school children's spatial abilities and urban-rural, ethnic, and cultural diversities. The research tool utilized in this study was a scenario-based spatial ability assessment test, which had been carefully reviewed and pre-tested by experts. Test results revealed that: (1) Sixth grade students from the suburban and remote indigenous school shared no significant difference in their spatial abilities; (2) Sixth grade students from the urban Han Chinese school exhibited significantly better spatial performance than those from the suburban and remote indigenous schools. The spatial conceptualization performance for sixth grade elementary school students from urban, suburban and remote schools in Taiwan is different.

In this study, a composite perovskite film composed of lead cesium triiodide (CsPbI3) quantum dots (QDs) and methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3; MAPbI3) was proposed. The CsPbI3 QDs prepared by hot-injecting were used as an anti-solvent in precursors to passivate the surface of this composite perovskite film. The further argon (Ar) plasma treatment improves the surface of the film. The effects of the powers from 100 to 200 W on the composite perovskite film structure, chemical element composition, and optical properties were studied. The experimental results demonstrate that the CsPbI3 QDs passivation boosts the ultraviolet light absorption (350–450 nm) and inhibits the formation of the PbI2 phase. Furthermore, Ar plasma treatment effectively improved CsPbI3 QDs passivation on MAPbI3 film. The powers lower than 140 W cause C=O bonds to dissolve and coordination bonds to form between OA carboxyl moieties and undercoordinated Pb2+ ions. At 160 and 140 W, the obvious crystal phase segregation and a decrease in light absorption are observed, respectively. Meanwhile, the strong bombardment of Ar ions at higher than 160 W causes the severe degradation of MAPbI3 film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the inorganic perovskite cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) quantum dots (QDs) produced by hot-injection method were added into the hybrid perovskite methylamine lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3; MAPbI3) to form composite perovskite film. It is not easy for argon (Ar) to react with perovskite. Therefore, argon plasma was used to optimize the properties of the surface. However, methylamine lead triiodide molecular will be degraded by excessive wattage. Therefore, the influence of plasma power acting on composite perovskite film was investigated. The experimental results show that the light absorption capacity can be increased by argon plasma power of 140 watt (W) acting on the surface of films because organic impurities are removed and surface morphology of film is changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive procedure for systematically balancing modeling and experimental works involving stress-induced leakage current (SILC) and oxide breakdown is described. The procedure deals with the quantification process for trap density, the verification process for gate-voltage evolution, and time-to-breakdown and the parameter-extraction process for SILC I-V.

For 3.3-nm thick gate oxide n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors subject to a stress gate voltage of 5.5 V, three distinct events are encountered in the time evolution of the gate current: stress-induced leakage current (SILC), soft breakdown (SBD), and hard breakdown (HBD). The localization of SBD and HBD paths, as well as their developments with the time, is determined electrically, showing random distribution in nature. At several stress times, we interrupt the stressing to measure the drain current low-frequency noise power S[sub id]. As expected, S[sub id] follows up the spontaneous changes at the onset of SBD and HBD. The S[sub id] spectra measured in fresh and SILC mode are reproduced by a literature model accounting for the carrier number and surface mobility fluctuations in the channel, and, as a result, both preexisting and newly generated trap densities are assessed. The post-SBD S[sub id] does originate from current fluctuations in the SBD percolation paths, which can couple indirectly to drain via underlying channel in series, or directly to drain if the SBD path is formed close to drain extension. In particular, a fluctuation in S[sub id] itself in the whole SBD duration is observed. This phenomenon is very striking since it indeed evidences the dynamic percolation origin concerning the trapping-detrapping processes in and around the SBD paths. The subsequent HBD duration remarkably features a flat S[sub id], indicating the set-up of a complete conductive path prevailing over the trapping-detrapping processes. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]